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Migraine is one of the most disabling disorders worldwide but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Stress is consistently reported as a common trigger of migraine attacks. Here, we show that repeated stress in mice causes migraine-like behaviors that are responsive to a migraine therapeutic. Adult female and male mice were exposed to 2 hours of restraint stress for 3 consecutive days, after which they demonstrated facial mechanical hypersensitivity and facial grimace responses that were resolved by 14 days after stress. Hypersensitivity or grimace was not observed in either control animals or those stressed for only 1 day. After return to baseline, the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1 mg/kg) elicited mechanical hypersensitivity in stressed but not in control animals, demonstrating the presence of hyperalgesic priming. This suggests the presence of a migraine-like state, because nitric oxide donors are reliable triggers of attacks in migraine patients but not controls. The stress paradigm also caused priming responses to dural pH 7.0 treatment. The presence of this primed state after stress is not permanent because it was no longer present at 35 days after stress. Finally, mice received either the calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody ALD405 (10 mg/kg) 24 hours before SNP or a coinjection of sumatriptan (0.6 mg/kg). ALD405, but not sumatriptan, blocked the facial hypersensitivity due to SNP. This stress paradigm in mice and the subsequent primed state caused by stress allow further preclinical investigation of mechanisms contributing to migraine, particularly those caused by common triggers of attacks.

The waste in urban areas was the concern in the KKN UNS Membangun. Around 80% of the total amount of waste generated is dominated by organic waste which is only seen as waste that has no economic value. Therefore, the community service activity of KKN UNS Membangun Desa Kelompok 37. Sangkrah Village was carried out in the form of socialization and training in the manufacture of eco-enzyme multipurpose liquid. Organic waste can be processed into eco enzyme which is useful as a cleaning liquid, wound treatment, and plant fertilizer. Socialization activities and training on the manufacture of eco-enzyme multipurpose liquid were carried out offline in Sangkrah Village, Pasar Kliwon District, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia by implementing strict health protocols. Socialization activities and training on the making of eco enzyme were attended by representatives of the residents to prevent crowds. This activity aims to make the Sangkrah Village community able to utilize organic waste so that it can be used and even can add to the economic value of the surrounding community.

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas com fisiologia univentricular após operação de Fontan. Métodos: Aplicado o módulo cardíaco do questionário Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM (PedsQLTM 3.0) em indivíduos de 8 a 18 anos e que haviam realizado a operação de Fontan. Realizada análise estatística descritiva e inferencial utilizando-se dos testes exato de Fisher, t não pareado e Mann-Whitney. Admitiu-se erro alfa de 5%. Resultados: O questionário foi aplicado em 10 indivíduos com a operação de Fontan e em 27 sem cardiopatia (grupo controle). A média de idade geral foi de 12,7 anos. Foi detectada qualidade de vida reduzida de forma geral no grupo Fontan em relação ao controle. Destaque para o eixo que avaliou autoimagem e aparência perante a sociedade na qual obteve-se notas muito próximas e, em alguns critérios, até maiores para o grupo Controle. Também relevante o excesso no uso de anticoagulantes de difícil manejo no grupo Fontan. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas de fisiologia univentricular após operação de Fontan mostrou-se reduzida e as medidas a nível multidisciplinar podem ser aperfeiçoadas a fim de impactar positivamente de uma forma geral.

Contaminated marine sediments represent a critical threat towards human health and ecosystems, since they constitute a potential reservoir of toxic compounds release. In the present study, a bioslurry reactor was studied for the treatment of real marine sediments contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. The experimental campaign was divided in two periods: in the first period, microcosm trials were carried out to achieve useful indicators for biological hydrocarbon removal from sediments. The microcosm trials highlighted that the inoculum of halotolerant allochthonous bacteria provided the highest performance followed by autochthonous biomass. Based on the achieved results, in the second experimental period a bioslurry reactor was started up, based on a semisolid stirred tank reactor (STR) operated in batch mode. The process performances have been evaluated in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal, coupled with the characterization of microbial community through a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and phytotoxicity tests through the Germination Index (GI) with Lepidium Sativum seeds. The achieved results showed good hydrocarbons removal, equal to 40%, with a maximum removal rate of 220 mgTPH kg-1 d-1, but highlighting that high contaminant concentrations might affect negatively the overall removal performance. In general, the observed results were encouraging towards the feasibility of biological treatment of marine sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons. The microbiological analysis allowed the identification of taxa most involved in the degradation of TPH, highlighting after the treatment a shift in the microbial community from that of the raw sediment.

The cranial meninges, comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, are thought to primarily serve structural functions for the nervous system. For example, they protect the brain from the skull and anchor/organize the vascular and neuronal supply of the cortex. However, the meninges are also implicated in nervous system disorders such as migraine, where the pain experienced during a migraine is attributed to local sterile inflammation and subsequent activation of local nociceptive afferents. Of the layers in the meninges, the dura mater is of particular interest in the pathophysiology of migraines. It is highly vascularized, harbors local nociceptive neurons, and is home to a diverse array of resident cells such as immune cells. Subtle changes in the local meningeal microenvironment may lead to activation and sensitization of dural perivascular nociceptors, thus leading to migraine pain. Studies have sought to address how dural afferents become activated/sensitized by using either in vivo electrophysiology, imaging techniques, or behavioral models, but these commonly require very invasive surgeries. This protocol presents a method for comparatively non-invasive application of compounds on the dura mater in mice and a suitable method for measuring headache-like tactile sensitivity using periorbital von Frey testing following dural stimulation. This method maintains the integrity of the dura and skull and reduces confounding effects from invasive techniques by injecting substances through a 0.65 mm modified cannula at the junction of unfused sagittal and lambdoid sutures. This preclinical model will allow researchers to investigate a wide range of dural stimuli and their role in the pathological progression of migraine, such as nociceptor activation, immune cell activation, vascular changes, and pain behaviors, all while maintaining injury-free conditions to the skull and meninges.

Background Migraine is characterized by a collection of neurological symptoms in the absence of injury or damage. However, several common preclinical migraine models require significant damage to the skull to stimulate the dura mater, the likely source of afferent signaling leading to head pain. The goal of this study was to determine whether dural stimulation can be performed in mice using an injection that does not cause injury or damage. Methods Using mice, injections of stimuli were administered to the dura mater through the soft tissue at the intersection between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures. This technique did not require a permanent cannula nor did it cause damage to the skull or dura. Following injection of noxious stimuli, migraine-like behaviors were measured including cutaneous allodynia and facial grimace. The retrograde tracer fluorogold was applied onto the dura using the same injection technique to label trigeminal ganglion cell bodies, which were then testing in vitro using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Results Dural injection of allyl-isothiocyanate, low pH, interleukin-6, or inflammatory soup but not vehicles, led to cephalic/extracephalic allodynia. Facial grimace responses were also observed with allyl-isothiocyanate, pH 6.0, and interleukin-6. Stimulation with interleukin-6 causes priming to normally subthreshold pH 7.0 stimulation of the dura following resolution of the initial interleukin-6 behavior. Systemic injection of sumatriptan at the time of dural stimulation with inflammatory soup decreased the resulting cutaneous hypersensitivity. Trigeminal ganglion cell bodies retrogradely labeled from the dura had low pH-evoked currents similar to those generated by acid-sensing ion channels. Conclusion Non-invasive dural stimulation in mice can be used as a model of migraine in the absence of injury.

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of physiotherapy techniques in sputum induction and in the evaluation of pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic children and adolescents. Although hypertonic saline (HS) is widely used for sputum induction (SI), specific techniques and maneuvers of physiotherapy (P) may facilitate the collection of mucus in some asthmatic children and adolescents. Methods A randomized crossover study was performed in patients with well-controlled asthma, and 90 sputum samples were collected. Children and adolescents were assessed using spirometry and randomized at entry into one of three sputum induction techniques: (i) 3% hypertonic saline - HS technique; (ii) physiotherapy (oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, forced expiration, and acceleration of expiratory flow) - P technique; and (iii) hypertonic saline + physiotherapy - HSP technique. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03136042. Results The total cells (mL) and the percentage (%) of differential inflammatory cells were similar in all techniques. The sputum weight (g) in the HSP technique was significantly higher than that in the HS technique. In all techniques, the percentage of viable cells was >50%, and there was no difference between the HS and P techniques. Moreover, sputum induction did not cause any alterations in the pulmonary function of patients. Conclusion The physiotherapy sputum collection technique was effective in obtaining viable cells from mucus samples and yielded the same amount of sputum as the gold standard technique (hypertonic saline). In addition, the physiotherapy maneuvers were both safe and useful for sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents with well-controlled asthma.

Migraine is the second leading cause for disability worldwide and the most common neurological disorder. It is also three times more common in women; reasons for this sex difference are not known. Using preclinical behavioral models of migraine, we show that application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the rat dura mater produces cutaneous periorbital hypersensitivity. Surprisingly, this response was observed only in females; dural CGRP at doses from 1 pg to 3.8 μg produce no responses in males. In females, dural CGRP causes priming to a pH 7.0 solution after animals recover from the initial CGRP-induced allodynia. Dural application of interleukin-6 causes acute responses in males and females but only causes priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Intracisternal application of BDNF also causes similar acute hypersensitivity responses in males and females but only priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Females were additionally primed to a subthreshold dose of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (0.1 mg/kg) following dural CGRP. Finally, the sexually dimorphic responses to dural CGRP were not specific to rats as similar female-specific hypersensitivity responses were seen in mice, where increased grimace responses were also observed. These data are the first to demonstrate that CGRP-induced headache-like behavioral responses at doses up to 3.8 μg are female-specific both acutely and following central and peripheral priming. These data further implicate dural CGRP signaling in the pathophysiology of migraine and propose a model where dural CGRP-based mechanisms contribute to the sexual disparity of this female-biased disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, and CGRP-based therapeutics are efficacious for the treatment of migraine in humans. However, the location of action for CGRP in migraine remains unclear. We show here that application of CGRP to the cranial meninges causes behavioral responses consistent with headache in preclinical rodent models. Surprisingly, however, these responses are only observed in females. Acute responses to meningeal CGRP are female-specific and sensitization to CGRP after two distinct stimuli are also female-specific. These data implicate the dura mater as a primary location of action for CGRP in migraine and suggest that female-specific mechanisms downstream of CGRP receptor activation contribute to the higher prevalence of migraine in women.

Supplemental material, Supplementary Figures for Non-invasive dural stimulation in mice: A novel preclinical model of migraine by Carolina Christina Burgos-Vega, Lilyana D Quigley, Gabriela Trevisan dos Santos, Flora Yan, Marina Asiedu, Blaine Jacobs, Marina Motina, Nida Safdar, Hayyan Yousuf, Amanda Avona, Theodore John Price and Greg Dussor in Cephalalgia

Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) is widely used on sputum induction (SI). However, in some asthmatic children, this induction is difficult. Physiotherapy (P) can solve the disadvantages of HS and facilitate the collection of mucus by applying specific techniques and maneuvers. Aims: To analyze whether physiotherapy is efficient in sputum induction and in evaluation of pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic children. Methods: We collected 90 samples from 30 children (7-18 years old) with well or partly controlled asthma from “Children’s Institute of the Clinical Hospital–University of Sao Paulo”. They performed spirometry and were underwent to a randomized crossover study for SI by 3 techniques: 1) hypertonic saline (3%)–HS; 2) physiotherapy (oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, forced expiration and acceleration of expiratory flow)–P; 3) hypertonic saline+physiotherapy–HSP. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA). Results: Total cells (mL) and the percentage (%) of (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils) had the same inflammatory profile in all techniques. The sputum weight (mg) in HSP were higher compared with HS (median) [0.41(0.37-0.46)] vs [0.37(0.19-0.40)], p=0.02. In all techniques the % of viable cells was superior to 50% and there was no difference between HS and P [94.55(84.22-99.55)] vs [80.05(74.25-94.36)]. Moreover, the SI did not cause any alterations on pulmonary function of patients. Conclusion: All techniques were safe when performed in asthmatic children and were useful to study inflammation in these patients. In addition, children were more collaborative and enthusiastic with physiotherapy.

Background: Asthma and Rhinitis are related to occupational respiratory diseases among cleaning workers. Objective: To evaluate airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms of cleaning workers from different workplaces. Methods: Population: 167 cleaning workers divided in 4 groups based on workplace: G1 –hospital (N = 56), G2 - University (N = 39); G3 - Domestic (N = 34) and G4 – Control (office workers. N = 38). End points: nasal cellular inflammation (nasal swab) and clinical symptoms ( 2 questionaires: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) for the diagnosis of asthma and rhinitis and European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) for occupational diseases evaluation). Statistical analysis: Chi 2 , Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn9s test. Results: All cleaning workers reported respiratory symptoms (G1-45%, G2-15%, G3-40%), asthma symptoms (G1-43%, G2-57%) particularly at work, rhinitis symptoms (G1- 46%, G2-25%, G3-29%) and beginning of symptoms after starting activities (G1-43%, G2-29%, G3-29%). Controls presented no respiratory symptoms. Cellular inflammation as Eosinophils (p=0.03), Neutrophils (p Conclusion: Cleaning workers presented airways inflammation as well asthma and rhinitis symptoms independently of the type of workplace.

CLINICAL DATA6 year-five-month-girl, 15 kg, from Comodoro, MT. Full-term patient, presented fatigue and cyanosis presentationat 3 months of life and underwent banding of the pulmonarytrunk (BPT) through left thoracotomy in another Service at8 months. The mother reports that after surgery there wasan improvement of dyspnea, but not of cyanosis and weightgain.Due to difficulties found by the patient at the UnifiedHealth System (SUS) [1], she was referred to our Servicewith 3 years and 6 months of life. Thus, tricuspid atresiawith concordant ventriculoarterial connection, restrictiveinterventricular communication, foramen ovale interatrialcommunication and effective BPT were diagnosed.Following our protocol for referring patients withuniventricular physiology in different surgical stages (Glennand Fontan), bidirectional Glenn operation (superiorbidirectional cavopulmonary) was performed withconnection between the superior vena cava (SVC) and rightpulmonary artery (RPA), ligation and section of the azygousvein, resection of the interatrial septum and new and moretight BPT, allowing small anterograde flow and a pulmonaryartery pressure less than 15 mmHg. The patient wasdischarged from hospital on the seventh postoperative dayusing aspirin and with peripheral saturation of 92%.After 1 year and 6 months, the mother reported againimportant patient’s cyanotic episodes. At the time, theperipheral saturation at rest was 84%, with indication ofechocardiography with injection of microbubbles fordetection of arteriovenous or venovenous connections thatcould cause such very severe unsaturation. Contrast inright upper limb (RUL) was injected, which moved throughthe right atrium (RA) from the inferior vena cava (IVC),suggesting the presence of flow between the innominatevein and IVC. The connection of the SVC to RPA inbidirectional Glenn operation presented excellent flow andthe tight BPT was effective.Thus, hemodynamic study was indicated for accurateassessment of the anatomy and pressure in the pulmonaryartery, but due to personal and Brazilian geographicaldifficulties, the mother returned only after almost two years,when the child presented a significant worsening ofcyanosis and peripheral saturation of 76% at rest.On physical examination the patient presented in goodgeneral condition, afebrile, eupneic and cyanotic +++/4+.Normal

Este trabalho aborda a avaliação da personalidade no contexto organizacional, tendo como objetivo buscar evidências de validade para o teste Zulliger por meio da correlação com um questionário de Avaliação de Desempenho. Foram avaliados os resultados de uma amostra de 86 sujeitos, com formação em Engenharia Elétrica, Engenharia da Computação, Engenharia Eletrônica, Ciência da Computação, Análise de Sistemas e Estatística, com idades entre 22 e 43 anos, gêneros masculino e feminino. O Zulliger foi analisado conforme o Sistema Compreensivo. A Avaliação de desempenho considerou os itens relacionamento interpessoal, tomada de decisões, busca por inovação, organização e solução de problemas. As análises de correlação entre os dois instrumentos indicaram que profissionais mais disciplinados e organizados, que possuem iniciativa e uma visão prática e buscam resultados concretos são mais bem avaliados do que os imaturos emocionalmente, altamente críticos e mais egocentrados, que priorizam as próprias necessidades em detrimento das dos outros. This paper brings information about personality assessment in the organizational context, and the objective was to look for validity evidences for the Zulliger test in correlation with a questionnaire of Job Performance Evaluation. The results from a 86 subjects sample were examined. They had bachelor's degree in Electric Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Computer Science, System Analysis, and Statistics, men and women between 22 and 43 years old. The Z-test was analyzed using the Comprehensive System. The results showed that more disciplined and organized professionals, having initiative and practical vision, which target realistic results had an overall better evaluation. Not so well did the emotionally immature ones, or the ones highly critical and self-centered, who prioritize their own needs instead of the other ones' necessities.

Endereco para correspondencia: Ulisses Alexandre CrotiHospital de Base - FAMERP - Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544.CEP 15090-000 - Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.Fone (Fax): 17 - 3201 5025 / 3222 6450 / 9772 6560.E-mail: uacroti@uol.com.brArtigo recebido em 6 de agosto de 2009Artigo aprovado em 8 de setembro de 2009

Article received on August 22th, 2008 Article accepted on September 12th, 2008 CLINICAL DATA We report a case of a 9-year-old boy, weighing 20.8 kg, born in Salvador, BA. Cyanosis had been reported since birth by his mother, and two years ago she noticed a worsening in his physical condition when he started presenting episodes of dyspnea and fatigue with mild exertion. He was not taking any medication and had no previous surgical interventions. On physical examination, he was in a good health condition, red-faced, hydrated, cyanosis ++++/4+, and digital hipocratism. Systolic fremitus ++/4+ on the left upper sternal border was perceptible on the precordial region, cardiac auscultation with two clicks with a hyperphonetic second heart sound (S2), and systolic murmur ++++/6+ on upper sternal border irradiating to the right. Abdomen was normal. Peripheral pulses were present and symmetrical, and peripheral saturation was 73% on ambient air.

This chapter describes the photoluminescence properties of a solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system, consisting of a single quantum dot (QD) coupled to a photonic crystal (PC) defect cavity. It addresses in particular the phenomenon of cavity feeding, that is, the efficient luminescence at the cavity frequency even for large detunings. The chapter presents a theoretical model of cavity feeding that takes into account the coupling to wetting-layer states. We find excellent agreement between simulations based on this model and experimental observations in the case of large detuning. In addition, the influence of acoustic phonons for the small-detuning case is discussed.

The densities of ions and electrons as a function of time within low‐frequency (100 kHz) glow discharges have been measured using a new technique of impedance measurement and analysis. The technique was used to examine both an electropositive discharge (Ar) at 3 Torr and an electronegative discharge (SF6) at 0.35 Torr. The impedances of the Ar plasmas are influenced by the sheath capacitance and an electron concentration of ∼1016 m−3 in the bulk of the plasma. The impedance of the SF6 discharges is affected by both the electron concentrations and the much higher ion concentrations of 5×1017 m−3 in the bulk. The electron concentration varies from less than 1012 to about 8×1014 m−3 over the cycle due to fast rate constants for electron attachment that may or may not be balanced by electron generation from ionization.

Bioassay-directed fractionation of ethanolic extracts of the roots of Erythrina mildbraedii , a plant used in the indigenous system of medicine in Nigeria, resulted in the isolation of the previously known pterocarpans erythrabyssin-II and isoneorautenol and the new pterocarpans erybraedins A, B, and C. The structures of the new compounds were determined by chemical transformations and/or spectroscopy and their in vitro antimicrobial spectra and potencies are reported.