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In 2020, the COVID-19 began to spread around the world, which necessitated a comprehensive adjustment of the educational institutions. Although online teaching had been implemented by some educational institutions or teachers before the epidemic, the arrival of the epidemic has forced teachers to face changes whether they are prepared or not. During the implementation of online teaching, there are many students or teachers who complain about poor teaching effectiveness, including poor equipment such as computers and audio, or lack of interaction between teachers and students. In view of this situation, this research hopes to gain insights into the differences between the two teaching fields and the changes in learning situations through the analysis and discussion of the university's curriculum model. Therefore, the problem awareness of this research has the following two points: online and physical in How has the form evolved in practice? Possibility of online and physical transformation in form and structure? This research combs out the implicit structure and frame of the teaching field from the data of practical observation in the teaching field and tries to face the general education situation through the concept of STS, and then uses ANT as a tool for interpreting phenomena to do the structure description of university teaching in the course, and for the situation that the existing structure of physical teaching evolves into the dynamic structure of online teaching. On the basis of practical teaching effectiveness and feedback, in principle, after most courses are converted from physical teaching to online teaching, they are forced to rely on the functions and characteristics of the online teaching platform. The weakening of the teacher's initiative in the teaching field also leads to less changes in the form of teaching methods in online courses than in entities, but the teaching methods in online courses have essentially changed more than both. Stateful alienation is mainly aimed at the heterogeneity of the underlying value performance, rather than the apparent state of the form itself. Of course, various teaching modes have their own shortcomings and advantages after adjustment. However, in terms of the current teaching situation and effectiveness, after switching to online teaching, it seems that most of the negative performances are shown, such as students' concentration, the interaction between teachers and students is less efficient. However, due to the coexistence policy in Taiwan, online teaching is no longer so widely used. However, the improvement in the form and structure of online teaching may enable the continuous hybrid teaching method or digital technology education. Online teaching will have other application opportunities., {"references":["Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, H. Y., & Li, X. E. (2022). The Research on the Possibility of Form Evolution and Structure Transformation between Online Teaching and Physical Teaching for the\" Testing\" in the University. In International Conference on Education: Education Innovation and Practice, Tainan, Taiwan.","李承嘉(2005)。行動者網絡理論應用於鄉村發展之研究:以九份聚落1895-1945年 發展為例。地理學報,39,1-30。","周信輝、蔡志豪(2013)。網絡組織間關係治理的搭架:行動者網絡理論的動態觀點。臺大管理論叢,23(S1),135-164。","胡詠翔(2019)。大規模開放線上課程學習分析促進科技學科教學知識之研究。教育實踐與創新,2(1),77-114。","陳于揚(2020)。在漫遊裡失蹤。陳于揚 [Chen, Y.-Y. (2020). Missing in Roaming. Yu-Yang Chen.]","陳于揚(2021)。末代九九備考記事 。陳于揚 [Chen, Y.-Y. (2020). The Last 99 Examination Preparation Records. Yu-Yang Chen.]","陳于揚(2021)。 臺中市舊書業之發展研究 。2021臺灣社會學會年會:「多樣性思考:跨學科與社會學」 [Chen, Y.-Y. (2021). The Research on Development of Antiquarian Books Industry in Taichung City. 2021 Taiwan Sociological Association Annual Conference, \"Diversity Thinking: Transdisciplinary and Sociology\". Taipei, Taiwan.]","陳昭珍、徐芝君、洪嘉馡、胡衍南(2021)。COVID-19下臺師大的遠距教學經驗與省思當代教育研究季,29(1)。","鈕文英(2021)。質性研究方法與論文寫作(三版)。雙葉書廊。","蔡文輝、李紹嶸(2020)。社會學概論(修訂五版)。三民。","黃俊儒、楊文金、靳知勤、陳恒安(2008)。誰的STS?-「科學教育」與「科學研究」 的「同」與「不同」。科學教育學刊,26(6),585-603。","蔡啟達(2015)。圖解教育學(初版)。五南","蔡瑞君(2020)。消失或加劇的社會距離?新型冠狀病毒疫情下課程與教學數位化面臨 的挑戰與契機。課程研究,15(1),33-51。","劉唯玉、鄒銘哲、陳美瑩(2021)。線上教學師生互動初探-社會臨場感觀點。教學理論與實踐學刊,44,29-56。"]}

随着我国建筑行业市场的不断扩大，企业之间的竞争越来越激烈。对于建筑项目而言，工程进度对整个工程的工期、质量以及利润都有着重大的影响，科学合理的工程造价可有效保障整个项目的经济效益与项目质量。本文通过对工程进度与造价进行分析，给出了相应的措施。

高标准农田建设项目实施周期短,分布面积广,建设任务重。施工受季节性影响大,一般在第一年的秋收至来年的春耕前。文章从鄱阳县2017年度高标准农田建设I标总承包项目出发,提出高标准农田建设中施工进度的影响因素及其优化措施,希望能够提高标准农田建设工程进度管理的整体水平。

进度是项目管理的核心要素之一，是管理者非常关心的一个核心业务，进度管理的好坏直接关系到项目是否能按期完工、项目成本是否在预算之内，进度计划管理主要包括施工进度管理、设计交付进度、设备交付安装调试进度、相关图纸资料提交进度、资源费用优化平衡等。此文将对P6项目管理软件的优势加以阐述，进而对如何使用P6项目管理软件进行工程进度计划管理，进行了详细介绍。

论文针对当前《概率统计》课程教学中存在的课时短、师生互动少、学生的个体差异等问题，依托互联网 + 信息化教学手段，将微课应用于该课程的线上线下混合式教学中，创新教学方式进行教学改革，最终提高教学效益。

近年来

工程的管理比较复杂，为了比较明了的进行进度控制与计划需要将大型工程建设进行划分。总项目建设是指将一个或多个独立的工程，通过整体的施工设计等，最终完成既定的目标；单独工程是指具有独立的设计文书，在施工完成后能够完成独立的施工功能；单位工程师单独工程的重要组成部分，例如单独工程的给排水工程等，其单独不能发挥工程的作用；分部分项工程是对大型工程的进一步划分，如某项单位工程的进一步划分。

住宅建筑工程中，质量与进度管理关系既统一又对立，即过分追求工程进度与效率，容易出现错误操作先为，最终影响到工程质量。如果过分关注工程质量，忽略了工程进度的管控，就会影响到工程进度。从项目建设实际情况分析，质量与进度管理的最终目标是促进建筑行业更好地发展。工程进度不仅与建设单位效益有着直接关系，还与整个建筑项目经济效益有关。施工质量不仅与居住者利益相关，一旦出现质量问题，还会影响到整个建筑工程的质量，因此将两者相结合，提升建筑项目质量与进度管控水平。

论文结合 STEAM 教育模式对无人机课程进行研究，以心理学家皮亚杰的认知发展理论为主要指导思想，对无人机课程进行级别划分，采用内容分析法，结合 PBL、创客教育、MOOC 等新教育模式，对各级无人机课程的设计理念、课程结构及教学方法进行研究，运用 STEAM 教学方式加强课程的渗透，促使信息技术教学得到更好的发展，填补中国在无人机课程的空缺，为国家改革发展青少年科普教育的教学模式和方式提供参考示例。

众所周知，在一项工程的建造过程中，对工程进行合理的造价计量是十分重要的，它不仅在工程开始之前进行计量，在工程进行时以及整个项目完成之后都需要进行工程造价管理，而在这些过程中，所涉及到的方面较为复杂，涵盖的种类众多，一般的机械化操作很容易出现误差，且效率较低，而在大数据的应用下，可以很好地解决这一问题，依托于大数据本身的特点，可以从多个方面综合的对工程进行造价管理。

From August 21 to December 13, 2018, a tetramine poisoning incident in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province was investigated, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tetramine poisoning was analyzed. There were 6 cases of poisoning caused by artificial tetramine poisoning. The diagnosis was delayed, coma and convulsions were severe manifestations continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was effective in the treatment of severe cases, and all 6 cases were cured. The possibility of poisoning should be considered for unexplained coma and/or convulsions. Although tetramine is banned, it still needs to be highly vigilant and avoids the recurrence of delayed diagnosis and treatment.对2018年8月21日至12月13日浙江省温州市某地的一起毒鼠强中毒事件过程进行调查，对毒鼠强中毒患者的临床诊治过程进行分析。中毒事件因人为毒鼠强投毒致6人中毒，间断发病，确诊延迟，昏迷伴抽搐为其重症表现；连续性肾脏替代治疗对治疗重症疗效好，6人均痊愈。提示不明原因的昏迷伴抽搐要考虑中毒可能，毒鼠强虽禁用，仍需高度警惕，避免延误诊治发生。.

建筑工程的现场管理是工程建设的重要组成部分，担负着监督工程质量、保证工程进度的重要责任。施工过程就是将建筑材料转化为产品的过程，而这一过程中的变化主要是在施工现场进行的，因此，现场材料管理已成为贯穿施工过程的重要组成部分，直接影响工程的进度和质量。一般情况下，现场管理从施工工作的接收到施工任务开始可分为三个阶段：准备前期建设、施工过程管理和现场全面质量管理的实施。对施工过程的准备和管理进行施工前的分析，规范现场管理是整个施工过程中直接影响进度和质量的重要组成部分。本文就施工现场管理对建筑工程进展的重要性以及目前管理方法中存在的弊端进行简要分析，并提出相应的解决措施。

在进行水利工程施工过程中，自动化安全监测系统的运用可以对施工进程进行监督，能够在水利工程施工中遇到的问题进行分析处理，并及时的向有关部门进行反馈，确保水利工程的顺利施工。及时制订相关的方案，以提高水利工程的工程进度、施工质量和施工安全。文中将从水利工程的安全监测，自动化系统以及发展现状进行分析。

随着建筑行业的发展,建筑工程规模不断扩大,其中涉及的内容也越来越多,使得给排水工程的复杂程度得到了很大的提升,而给排水工程是确保建筑安全、高效运行的重要条件,其施工质量会对建筑的功能性以及人们的正常生活造成直接的影响,也正因如此,要求施工单位在对建筑给排水工程进行施工的过程中,对工程进行全面的了解,明确把握其中需要注意的问题,并采取有效措施进行合理施工,本文针对建筑当中的给排水施工进行讨论,并对施工中需要注意的各项问题展开论述,希望能够进一步的提升建筑给排水工程的施工质量。

文章从城市供热工程的特点入手，总结了城市供热工程的三方面影响因素，提出了工期是否顺延的判断方法；分析了我国城市供热工程进度管理的现状，提出了合理的建设工期的概念，明确了进度管理要制定科学合理的建设工期，不能盲目地压缩工期；分析了工程进度与质量、安全、投资的关系，提出了进度管理工作的思路，得出结论：城市供热工程进度管理的工作不是孤立的，一定要统筹兼顾质量、安全、投资；各参建方要站在满足市民居住需求的高度，全力确保供热工程按期供暖工期目标的实现。

This paper explored the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami statistic parameter imaging to evaluate the thermal lesion induced by microwave ablation (MWA) in porcine models. In this paper, thermal lesions were induced in livers and kidneys in 5 swines using a clinical MWA system. During this treatment progress, ultrasonic radiofrequency (RF) data were collected. The dynamic changes of Nakagami parameter in the thermal lesion were calculated, and the ultrasonic B-mode images and Nakagami images were reconstructed simultaneously. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the thermal lesion and the surrounding normal tissue was calculated over the MWA procedure. After MWA, a bright hyperechoic region appeared in the ultrasonic Nakagami image as an indicator of the thermal lesion and this bright spot enlarged with lesion development during MWA exposure. The mean value of Nakagami parameter in the liver and kidney increased from 0.78 and 0.79 before treatment to 0.91 and 0.92 after treatment, respectively. During MWA exposure, the mean values of CNR calculated from the Nakagami parameter increased from 0.49 to 1.13 in the porcine liver and increased from 0.51 to 0.85 in the kidney, which were both higher than those calculated from the B-mode images. This为了验证采用超声 Nakagami 统计参量成像对微波热消融治疗过程进行监控成像的可行性，本文提出并研究了采用超声 Nakagami 统计参量成像对活体猪肝脏和肾脏的微波热消融过程进行监控成像的方法。本文对 5 头实验猪进行微波热消融治疗，治疗中同步采集超声射频（RF）数据，实验后计算了热凝固区域超声 Nakagami 统计参量的动态变化，同步构建超声 B 模式图像和 Nakagami 统计参量图像，并计算热凝固区域和周边正常组织之间的对比噪声比值（CNR）。微波热消融后，超声 Nakagami 统计参量图像中出现高亮强回声区域，并随着治疗时间的增加而逐步增大。经计算，肝、肾的超声 Nakagami 统计参量平均值分别从治疗前的 0.78、0.79 增大到 0.91、0.92；肝、肾的超声 Nakagami 统计参量图像的 CNR 平均值从 0.49、0.51 增加到 1.13、0.85，均高于相应超声 B 模式图像的 CNR 值。本研究表明，使用超声 Nakagami 统计参量成像在微波热消融治疗中进行监控具有一定的可行性。.

随着我国信息技术及建筑行业的快速发展，BIM技术在建筑工程中的应用也越来越广泛，已经成为了很多建筑工程建设中必不可少的一项技术。通过对BIM技术的应用，能够使建筑以立体模型的形式呈现出来，且能够对施工过程进行有效的模拟，为建筑工程设计人员及施工管理人员提供了很大的便利条件。设计人员可以根据建筑模型，来对建筑施工方案进行设计，这样能够有效提高建筑施工方案的合理性及可行性。而施工管理人员则可以通过施工模拟，来对施工过程进行合理的规划，能够有效避免施工质量问题的发生，且可以实现施工效率的提高。此外，通过对BIM技术的应用，还可以实现工程管理的一体化，从而有效防止资源浪费问题的发生，使工程经济效益得到有效提高。

本文针对我校向应用技术型大学转型过程中,基于Mooc+Sopc平台下对大学计算机基础课程进行研究,围绕课程考核方式及内容改革研究,在线考试平台对课程进行小节测试,根据测试的知识点进行统计分析,更好地反映出在慕课教学模式下学生的掌握知识情况,同时也是对慕课平台教学模式的过程评价的研究。

作为一名专业、杰出的工程监理人员,其在注重工作效率的同时,也要具备良好的现场监理执行力,要用自身专业技能以及专业的态度,对工程进行全过程监控。在具体实践过程中,监理人员不仅需要妥善做好表面上的监理工作,同时还要对隐藏工程进行重点关注,确保自身能够对施工图纸有一个详细、深入的了解,如此才能为工程建立质量提供保障。本文主要对强化水电安装施工监理的有效途径进行了分析研究。

This study investigated possible predictors of residual islet β-cell function (RBF) in young patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D).After analyzing RBF in 443 patients with T1D according to age at diagnosis and disease duration, 110 were followed-up over 18-60 months. A nomogram was developed by logistic regression to explore factors associated with long-term RBF.Of the 443 T1D patients (mean [±SD] age 20.28 ± 5.50 years; mean [±SD] diabetes duration 28.5 ± 14.6 months), RBF was preserved in 64.3%. Independent predictors for poor RBF outcome among the 110 patients in the follow-up cohort were age at onset (odds ratio [OR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.92; P 0.001), high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status (OR 4.73; CI 1.28-17.52; P = 0.020), female sex (OR 3.39; CI 1.03-11.22; P = 0.045), and a history of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; OR 8.71; CI 2.31-32.83; P 0.001). Baseline glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody, family history of diabetes, body mass index, insulin dosage, and C-peptide and HbA1c levels were not associated with poor RBF outcome. Intensive glycemic control after T1D diagnosis may improve RBF within a mean (±SD) follow-up of 35.1 ± 13.8 months. The calibration plot for the probability of 2-, 3-, and 4-year RBF showed optimal agreement between nomogram-predicted and actual observed probabilities.Younger age of onset, female sex, higher HLA risk status, and a history of DKA were the main factors predicting long-term poor preserved β-cell function. Glycemic control could improve RBF during the course of diabetes. The nomogram provides an individualized risk estimate of RBF in patients with newly diagnosed T1D within Chinese Han populations.摘要: 目的 探讨影响初发年轻1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes, T1D)患者病程进展后残余胰岛功能(Residual β-cell Function, RBF)的预测因素。 方法 对443例T1D患者按诊断年龄、病程进行RBF分析后，入选110例患者进行18-60个月的临床随访研究。基于Logistic回归分析建立Nomogram模型，预测长期RBF的相关因素。 结果 443例T1D患者平均年龄20.28±5.50岁，平均病程28.5±14.6个月，保留RBF者占64.3%。在110例患者的随访研究中，低RBF的独立预测因素有:起病年龄(岁)(OR=0.82，95% CI: 0.73-0.92，P0.001)、HLA高危表型(OR=4.73, 95%CI:1.28-17.52，P=0.020)、女性(OR=3.39，95%CI: 1.03-11.22，P=0.045)以及酮症酸中毒起病史(OR=8.71，95%CI: 2.31-32.83，P=0.001)。而基线的谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体、糖尿病家族史、体重指数、胰岛素用量、C肽和糖化血红蛋白水平与RBF预后不良无关。在平均35.1±13.8个月的随访中，强化血糖控制可改善RBF。2、3、4年的Calibration曲线显示,Nomogram预测概率和实际观测概率间吻合度较高。 结论 起病年龄小、女性、HLA的高危表型、DKA起病史是较长病程后低RBF的影响因素，病程中的血糖控制可以提升RBF。Nomogram预测模型提供了汉族人群中初发T1D患者RBF的个体化风险评估。.

目的：探讨房水中色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium derived factor, PEDF)与视网膜电图振荡电位(oscillatory potentials, OPs)在各期糖尿病性视网膜病变中的相关性研究分析，为糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)的早期诊断及病程进展预测提供客观的检测依据。方法：房水来自2型糖尿病患者40例40眼。单纯2型糖尿病患者组19例19只眼，非增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR)组患者11例11只眼，增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR)组患者10例10只眼，单纯老年性白内障患者20例20只眼作为对照组。用酶联免疫吸附法检測房水中PEDF的水平，用德国 ROLAND CONSULT公司生产的罗兰视觉电生理检查仪检测全视网膜电图中OPs的总振幅值。结果：单纯2型糖尿病患者组、NPDR组及PDR组的房水中PEDF的浓度分别为(9.13 ± 4.43) ng/ml、(7.00 ± 2.04) ng/ml、(6.39 ± 1.66) ng/ml与对照组(13.87 ± 0.36) ng/ml相比，房水中PEDF浓度均明显降低(P < 0.01)，单纯2型糖尿病患者组与NPDR组及PDR组相比，房水中PEDF浓度亦均明显降低(P = 0.04, P = 0.02)，而NPDR组与PDR组相比无明显差异(P = 0.34)；单纯2型糖尿病患者组、NPDR组及PDR组的OPs的总振幅值分别为(164.56 ± 37.41) μV、(79.80 ± 19.89) μV、(28.55 ± 17.47) μV与对照组(237.96 ± 35.96) μV相比，OPs的总振幅值均明显降低(P < 0.01)，而且组间两两比较亦有明显差异(P < 0.01)；各期糖尿病性视网膜病变房水中PEDF浓度变化与OPs的总振幅值呈典型的正相关(r = 0.905, P < 0.01)。结论：房水中PEDF的浓度与OPs总波幅在各期糖尿病性视网膜病变中呈正相关，可为糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断及病程进展预测提供客观的检测依据。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and oscillatory potentials (OPs) in various diabetic retinopathy and to provide an objective basis for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy, DR) and the prediction of the progression of the disease. Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected from 40 eyes of 40 type 2 diabetes patients, including 19 eyes without diabetic retinopathy and 21 eyes with diabetic (11 eyes with NPDR and 10 eyes with PDR), twenty aqueous samples from 20 cataract patients without other ocular or systemic diseases served as controls. The PEDF levels in aqueous humor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The total amplitude of OPs in the whole retina was detected by the Roland visual electrophysiological test instrument of the German CONSULT ROLAND company. Results: The PEDF and OPs level in eyes without diabetic retinopathy [(9.13 ± 4.43) ng/ml, 164.56 ± 37.41) μV, P < 0.01] was significantly lower than that in controls [(13.87 ± 0.36) ng/ml, (237.96 ± 35.96) μV]; the PEDF Ievel in eyes with NPDR [(7.00 ± 2.04) ng/ml, (79.80 ± 19.89) μV, P < 0.01] and PDR [(6.39 ± 1.66) ng/ml, (28.55 ± 17.47) μV, P < 0.01] was sig-nificantly lower than that in controls [(13.87 ± 0.36) ng/ml, (237.96 ± 35.96) μV]; the concentration of PEDF in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than that in the NPDR and PDR group (P = 0.04, P = 0.02), while there was no significant difference between NPDR group and PDR group (P = 0.34). There were significant differences in different OPs group (P < 0.01). The PEDF concentration in the aqueous humor of the diabetic retinopathy was a typical positive correlation with the total amplitude of OPs (r = 0.905, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The concentration of PEDF in aqueous humor and the total amplitude of OPs were positively correlated with the diabetic retinopathy, which could provide an objective basis for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and the prediction of the progression of the disease.

本文通过采用熵权理论和灰色定权聚类法相结合的企业电力能效评估模型，对企业电力能效的评估方法进行研究与应用。文章先对电力能效评估模型建立指标权重的过程进行了系统分析，又通过灰色定权聚类法对能效综合评估模型的建模过程进行分析，从而建立了一种对企业电力能效进行系统评估的方法。该方法不仅科学地处理了指标权重在定量化过程中主观判断的问题，而且以企业聚类系数最大化为出发点，充分利用了各指标数据已有的客观信息及隐含的灰色特性，对指标进行综合治理，得到各个企业的电力能效状况，从而为企业的节能降耗提供很好的依据。本文最后还以三家企业为评估对象，对三家企业的电力能效进行了详细的建模分析，验证了该方法的可行性。 By using the enterprise power efficiency evaluation model based on entropy theory and grey fixed-weight clustering method, this article studies and applies a method of enterprise power efficiency evaluation. Firstly the author analyzes the process of how the index weight of power efficiency evaluation model is established, and then analyzes the process of modeling the comprehensive power efficiency evaluation based on grey fixed-weight clustering method. Accordingly, a method to systematically evaluate the enterprise power efficiency is established. This method not only has scientifically dealt with the problem—subjective judgment in the process of quantifying the index weight, but also makes full use of the index data of the existing objective information and the implicit grey characteristics to maximize the enterprise clustering coefficient. Meanwhile, this method can also comprehensively process the various indexes, and figure out the precise power efficiency of each enterprise to provide a good basis of saving energy and reducing consumption for the enterprise evaluated. Finally, this article, taking the evaluative object of three companies as basis, models and analyzes these three companies’ power efficiency, and verifies the feasibility of the method.

通过对Se54毛细管柱吸附过程进行兰缪尔等温吸附理论模拟；吸附过程进行吸附速率方程模拟；吸附能量进行阿伦尼乌斯活化能方程模拟，获得了适用于Se54毛细管柱的阿伦尼乌斯活化能方程。通过实验数据对所获得方程的进行拟合，证明阿伦尼乌斯活化能方程适用于Se54毛细管柱的分离过程，应用阿伦尼乌斯活化能方程，能够获得被分离物质在Se54毛细管柱上的表观活化能，并能够预测在特定温度下，特定物质在Se54毛细管柱上的出峰时间。 By simulation Se54 gas capillary column adsorption process with Langmuir adsorption process, simulation adsorption rate with adsorption rate equation and simulation adsorption energy with Arrhenius activation energy, Arrhenius activation energy equation for Se54 capillary column was obtained. By fitting of the obtained experiment data, the result shows that the Arrhenius activation energy equation could well interpret the separation in Se54 capillary column, the apparent Arrhenius activation energy of the separated process in Se54 capillary column for certain material can be obtained, and this theory can also predict retention time of certain materials at a specific temperature.

引汉济渭工程是陕西省为了解决关中地区缺水问题而规划建设的跨流域调水骨干工程。本文在社会经济发展分析基础上，对受水区水量需求结构进行了分析；并以旬为时间单位，对受水区生活、生产等用水过程进行了分析。在1955年至2007年系列年供水区可调水量及其它当地水源供水量基础上，对受水区供水过程进行了分析。由分析可知，为协调供水与用水过程不匹配问题，建设引汉济渭配套的调蓄工程成为必然选择。 Water Diversion from Han River to Wei River Project is an important water diversion project constructed to solve the shortage of water resources in the Guanzhong Area of Shannxi Province. This study analyzes the water resources demand structure of the benefited areas based on the analysis of social and economic development. Taking a period of ten days as the time scale, this study analyzes the water use process including the domestic water use and production water use. Based on the time series from 1955 to 2007, this study analyzes the water supply process, the water diversion quantity and regional water supply. It is known from this study that a regulation project as a supplement of the water diversion project is necessary to coordinate the processes of water supply and water use in the benefited areas in water diversion from Han River to Wei River Project.

在工程建筑中有一项很基础性的工作，那就是对岩土工程进行勘察。对岩土工程进行勘察，能够为工程的设计和施工提供相关依据，勘查工作的效果和结果对于工程本身的质量、工期以及安全和投资结构都会产生很大的影响。民用建筑本身具有其特殊的用途，在生产生活中对人民的影响非常巨大，而勘察的技术对于勘察的结果是非常大的，本文就从民用建筑的角度来谈一下岩土工程在勘察过程中的技术。

随着社会的不断发展，人们对教育的理解加深，传统的教学方式逐渐不符合人们的对教育质量要求，为此，人们对教学课程进行了大量研究，使教学质量能符合当今社会的发展需求，其中高职院校《建筑施工技术》课程是众多研究科目之一，研究中对《建筑施工技术》课程进行了大了分析探讨，对鉴于此情况，本文谈谈《建筑施工技术》课程在高职院校的教学改革。

目的：本計畫針對健診顧客於放射科檢查之流程進行探討與改善，以提升健診顧客於放射科之顧客滿意度。 材料與方法：問卷製作參考PZB缺口模型理論，並以SERVQUAL量表作為模版，分為5大項，設計共23個題目。依據調查結果以「動線標示或指標清楚」、「檢查動線的流暢度」列為2大改善方向，改善方法利用資訊流如:路線指示影片、QR code、APP等。 結果：「動線標示或指標清楚」滿意度由87.2%提升至90.2% (p值=0.06)；「檢查動線的流暢度」滿意度由87.8%明顯提升至92% (p值=0.02)。再將改善後23個問題的重視度及滿意度結果繪製成IPA (important performance analysis)分析圖，進行結果分析與探討。 結論：滿意度結合重視度一起分析，可以更客觀的瞭解顧客是否感到滿意，進而針對問題改善，可以有效的改善顧客滿意度。 Aim: The accreditation of teaching hospitals encourages medical staff to present research papers. In this study, we sought to assist medical staff in resolving their research-related dilemma and developing their research interest and ability. Methods: The medical staff of XYZ hospital participated in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants. The 28-item questionnaire included questions on the participants’ demographics, experiences related to research and journal submission, research needs, and some open‑ended questions. Results: In total, 113 questionnaires were returned. Of the participants, 54.9% had experience in research paper (mostly domestic journal publications and conference proceedings) presentation and 60% were interested in research. The participants regarded the following three tasks as obstacles to conducting research: data analysis, manuscript writing, and manuscript submission and revision. The participants’ ability to draft manuscripts and use statistical software needed improvements. Conclusions: Our findings and the participants’ feedback may serve as a reference for designing in-service courses and relevant policies for medical staff. Teaching hospitals should provide practical assistance to their medical staff for conducting research in addition to clinical practice. &nbsp

目前, 火箭橇试验是飞行器空气动力学重要试验手段, 然而强烈的地面与轨道干扰会影响试验的精度, 甚至导致试验失败。采用尺度自适应SAS方法和基于铺层算法的动网格技术对不同马赫数下的超声速火箭橇滑行过程进行数值模拟, 探究了超声速火箭橇的气动力致振机理。采用了数值风洞模拟方法对超声速火箭橇无限空间绕流和仅包含地面的橇体绕流进行仿真, 分析了不同环境条件下的激波特征。结果表明: 超声速火箭橇的头激波传播至轨道和地面时会发生激波反射, 反射激波的存在会导致超声速火箭橇产生升力, 并带来阻力的略微增加; 反射激波与轨道扣件的周期性碰撞使得其尾迹区具有非定常特征; 火箭橇的气动力激励振动频率与尾迹波动频率一致, 即气动力激励振动对非定常尾迹具有锁频现象。此外, 压力信号的功率谱密度分析表明气动力激励振动存在谐声现象, 这与锁频现象密切相关。

經舟狀骨半月骨周邊骨折合併遠端撓尺關節脫位（Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture combined with distal radioulnar joint dislocation）是一種相對罕見的腕部外傷，在緊急情況下容易造成誤判而延誤治療時機，影響最終治療效果。診斷困難的可能原因是使用腕部X光正投影及正側面投影（腕部AP和Lat投影圖）較難顯示出手腕舟狀骨的骨折情形。作者在門診中使用腕部舟狀骨投影（Wrist Na-vicular View）篩檢由急診室轉診的腕部外傷病患，診斷出一位經舟狀骨半月骨周邊骨折合併遠端撓尺關節脫位案例。該女性患者的腕部AP和Lat投影圖檢查結果均為正常，本文對患者隨後的X光檢查結果和追蹤過程進行了分析。雖然治療此類型的骨科案例多以外科手術治療為主，但該案例接受手術治療意願偏低，因此只進行了石膏固定治療,其最終仍獲得良好成果。在緊急情況下，傳統的腕關節X光正投影及正側面投影通常已足以篩檢舟狀骨折情形，但針對隱匿性骨病變仍有遺漏的可能。本研究強調使用輔助性Wrist Navicular View對於診斷該類型案例的價值。 Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture combined with distal radioulnar joint dislocation is a relatively rare wrist trauma condition and often missed in emergency setting. Traditional wrist anterior posterior and lateral Views X-ray are usually sufficient for screening writ injuries in emergency room, but occult bony lesions like these were occasionally missed out. Adjunct X-ray check with wrist navicular view would help tremendously in filling the gap. &nbsp

慢性血栓栓塞性肺高壓是一種罕見、嚴重且持續惡化的肺部血管性疾病，隨病程進展，致死率極高，儘早鑑別診斷，方能提供準確治療計劃。本文是一位67歲女性案例，因活動呼吸喘就醫， 初步臆斷為心臟衰竭合併急性惡化，入院後藉由病史詢問、檢驗及理學檢查結果顯示BNP持續上升且心電圖呈現S1Q3T3，初步懷疑可能有肺栓塞併心衰竭，故安排心臟超音波檢查，結果發現有肺動脈高壓（肺動脈壓：62.3 mmHg）與右心衰竭，安排胸部電腦斷層攝影，顯示肺動脈栓塞，隨即召開家庭會議解釋病情後，接受右心導管合併肺動脈血管攝影檢查，最終確診為遠端型慢性血栓栓塞性肺高壓併右心衰竭。經由醫療團隊評估後，治療計劃即以藥物為主，故協助申請標靶藥物Riociguat。針對此類病人，即便臨床表徵不具特異性，仍可依病史詢問、檢驗及理學檢查預測肺栓塞的可能性，之後進入影像學鑑別診斷。換言之，雖然慢性血栓栓塞性肺高壓有其高致命的危險性，倘若能及早做出診斷與治療，便能降低死亡風險。 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a rare, severe and continuous deterioration of pulmonary vascular disease which has high mortality rate along with disease progression. Earlier di­agnosis could contribute to a more accurate treatment plan. A case of 67-year-old female was admitted to hospital because of exertional dyspnea. She was initially suffering from heart failure with acute deterioration. After admission, the results of medical history inquiry, laboratory data and physical ex­amination revealed that BNP level kept raising and the electrocardiogram showed S1Q3T3, which pul­monary embolism with heart failure was suspected. Therefore, echocardiography revealed pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure: 62.3 mmHg) and right heart failure. Pulmonary embolism was noticed on chest computed tomography. Soon after the family meeting of medical condition dis­cussion, the patient received right heart catheterization combined with pulmonary artery angiography, and the final diagnosed is distal chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with right heart failure. After medical team’s assessment, the treatment plan was based on armaceutical control. Thus, the target therapy of Riociguat was performed. For such type of patients, even with non-specific symptoms, the possibility of pulmonary embolism can still be predicted based on medical history, lab­oratory data, physical examination, and the imaging differential diagnosis. If diagnosis and treatment can be conducted as early as possible, the high mortality rate of chronic hromboembolic pulmonary hypertension can be reduced. &nbsp

合成简单高效的催化剂并将其应用于催化生物质平台化合物转化制备增值高附加值化学品一直是研究人员的研究重点。本论文将铁、锰、铜和金刚烷胺缩水杨醛衍生的席夫碱配体组成的原位催化剂用于催化5–羟甲基糠醛(5–Hydroxymethylfurfural，简称HMF)选择性氧化制备5–甲酰基呋喃–2–羧酸(5–formyl–2–furancarboxylic acid，简称FFCA)。通过核磁共振（NMR）、红外（IR）和单晶衍射对配体和配合物进行了表征，并对氧化反应时间、反应温度、MnCl2·4H2O与配体摩尔比、氧化剂和催化剂用量等反应条件进行优化，在最优化条件下，HMF转化率为100％，并且可以获得收率为52.1％的FFCA。最后，根据反应结果对Mn金属配合物催化的HMF氧化反应过程进行了分析。

高關懷學生有較高的學業適應問題，容易促發偏差行為甚至中輟。為了瞭解他們的學習困境，本研究從 第三空間理論探究他們自學校學習的認同特徵及形成，同時檢視不利於他們學習的學校制度特徵。研究 對象為十位有偏差行為的高關懷學生，選自北部一所升學型國中的三個多元班。研究方法採個別深度訪 談及非參與觀察法。訪談對象為學生、三位多元班主責教師與輔導組長。觀察的三個班別為農耕班、熱 舞班及導航班。以詮釋現象學取向進行資料分析。研究結果發現，他們的認同特徵是不讀書。認同形成 肇因於不懂所學，他們學習壓力相當大，混和許多負向情緒，於是成為課堂局外人，展現課堂偏差、翹 課甚至中輟。他們因應學習壓力的方式，混和逃避、放棄、抗拒、自然反應與偏差行為，不僅無助於改 善困境，反而在學校制度課程屬性、統一規範的課程進度、大班教學與考試範圍下，形成棄學的迴圈。 在課堂規範下，他們受管教而破壞師生關係，連帶討厭課堂。即使師生關係佳，仍不等於支持學習。也 因放棄學習而缺乏支持學習的同儕。當他們從學習轉向玩樂，提高回歸學習的難度，若交往涉及幫派的 同儕，不僅偏差行為加劇，更可能回頭抗拒家庭的管教。 At-risk students have more problems of learning in schools that might lead to delinquent behaviors and drop-out. It is important to find out their difficulties in learning in schools and let at-risk students receive suitable schooling. The research purposes are to investigate the identity and their formation based on the third space theory. This approach could reflect the school systems which would obstruct learning of at-risk students from their coping attitudes. Ten at-risk students who had delinquent behaviors were chosen from three Multiple Classes in a junior high school in Taipei. The school has better high school entrance performance. Multiple Classes teaching various activities but academy are designed for delinquent students who are not able to stay in regular classroom to learn. Classes include gardening, dance and navigation related activites. Research methods are individual in-depth interview and non-participatory observation. Interviewees were students, one teacher from each of the three Multiple Classes and Section Chief of Counseling in school. Observation was conducted in each of three Multiple Classes using video recording and field diary. Data were analyzed by hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Interviews with student were the primary data, and interviews with teachers and class observation served as triangulation. After all cases were analyzed individually, cross cases analysis followed. The results find the identity of at-risk students is to quit learning, and four students identified themselves as to playaround. Regarding identity formation, they bear huge pressure from learning with lots of negative emotions which results from not understanding what they are taught. These emotions led to their delinquency behaviors and marginalization in class, cut classes or even flunk out. Avoiding, giving up, resisting and spontaneous reaction were used by these students to cope with pressure in school. These attitudes relating to misbehaviors can not relieve their difficulties, but form a feedback loop that impeded student learning in the school systems. These school systems are academic curriculum, one-size-fits-all curriculum schedule and tests, and whole class instruction. The loop keeps them from learning, getting harder to follow up classes and even staying away from schools. Class delinquency of students often led to disciplinary actions which worsened teacher-student relationship and their attitude toward the teachers’ classes. Even the relationship is fair, it does not mean to support their learning. Additionally, at-risk students lack of classmates to support their learning after quit learning because common activities of classmates are about learning. If they escape from learning to play around, they spend more time on play and created a vicious circle of low school. Their parents are commonly unfamiliar with their friends frequently hanging on. If they have friends to do with gangsters, they would act more delinquent behaviors and even rebel against their family rules. The contributions of this research are in two perspectives. From research approach perspective, this research adopts third space theory to explore at-risk students learning problems in school. It not only reveals huge pressure experiences by at-risk students in learning but also the school systems that are disadvantageous to their learning. The at-risk student is the title labelled from the authority of school system taking them as different. From practical perspective, the results depict extremely embarrassed situations of at-risk students in learning. Education policy makers and school administrators should adjust the systems to be more flexible and fit better students’ learning conditions. Teachers and consultants should be more sensitive to identifying their explicit delinquent behaviors and interpret such behaviors not as violating rules intentionally but as a warning of their learning difficulties and assist them to overcome. &nbsp

厦门市建立经济特区以来，伴随着经济的快速发展，经历了迅速、空前的城市化进程。尽管厦门城市化表现出城市化的一般规律，但有其自身的特殊性。本文内容包对厦门市产业结构与城市化进程进行综述、分析产业结构与城市化之间的关系、提出厦门市城市化进程中存在的问题，以及对未来厦门城市化可持续发展进行探究。

專科護理師（簡稱專師）（Nurse practitioner, NP）是本國唯一具有國家證照之進階護理師，與醫師共同提供病人醫療及執行護理照護業務，須通過筆試及口試才能領取執業執照。專師執行病人照顧須展現的臨床推理能力較無法以紙筆測驗評量，故甄審口試採用客觀結構式臨床考試（Objective structured clinical examination,OSCE）以彌補筆試無法評值出的臨床實作能力。OSCE的口試劇本稱之「活考題」，需由標準化病人（Standardized patient, SP）扮演情境角色，真人演出若缺乏一致性可能影響考生的表現，過去每年約有2-3件考生反應SP演出問題的申訴案件。標準化病人訓練師（Standardized patienttrainer,SPT）是訓練SP表演教案的重要角色，過去大多由資深NP或曾擔任SP的資深救護技術員（Emergency medical technician, EMT）擔任口試劇本訓練的SPT，依舉辦單位設計的流程訓練SP，未有前置之SPT訓練課程。有鑑於SP演出涉及 考生的口試成績表現，演出品質的把關相形重要，本文目的為探討應用劇本訓練模組課程進行SPT訓練後，SPT對課程的學習滿意度及考生申覆案件之改善結果。採用「標準化病人師資訓練課程學習滿意度問卷」，包括「課程教材」、「課室訓練課程」，及「劇本實作訓練」三個構面，以李克氏5分法（1分為「非常不滿意」，5分為「非常滿意」） 進行學習成效評值；申覆SP演出件數由舉辦單位提供。參與訓練的SPT共計21位，資深NP 6位，資深EMT 15位。學習滿意度分析發現口試演出結束後總平均分數高於劇本訓練完成後，其中「劇本實作訓練」達統計顯著差異（p< .05），顯示SPT對訓練模組課程的肯定外，109年甄審口試後首次無考生提出SP演出申覆案件。研究發現訓練模組課程能培育出勝任專師甄審口試劇本訓練的SPT。 Nurse practitioners (NP) are the only advanced nurse practitioners with a national license in Taiwan.NPs work with physicians to provide medical treatment and perform nursing care services. NPs must pass written and oral exams to obtain practicing license. The required clinical reasoning ability is difficult to evaluate by using written tests. Therefore, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is chosen to examine practical and clinical ability of future NPs. OSCE scripts are called “living exam questions” and require standardized patients (SP) to play the role in the determined context. Lack of consistency in SPs’ live-action affects the performance of candidates. In the past, candidates’ appeal due to SP performance was about 2 to 3 times per year. Standardized Patient Trainer (SPT) plays a vital role in SP training. In the past, senior NPs or senior emergency medical technicians (EMT), served as the SPT in oral script training, depending on the organizer. There is no pre-SPT training course in the designed process. The quality of SPs’ performance is important because it affects the candidates’performance in the oral exam. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the improvements of SPT’s learning satisfaction and candidates’ appeal rate after SPTs training program adopting the script training module course. A total of 21 SPTs participated in the training program, including 6 senior NPs and 15 senior EMTs. The study adopted the “Learning satisfaction questionnaire of standardized patient trainer training course, (LSQSPTTC), “including three domains of “curriculum materials,”“lesson training,” and “script practice training.” Also, use the Likert 5-point scale (1-very dissatisfied and 5-very satisfied) to evaluate the learning effectiveness. Furthermore, the number of incidents of candidates’ appeal due to SP performance was provided by the examination organizer. The learning satisfaction after the oral exams is higher than the completion of the script training. The domain of “script practice training” had a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating that SPTs satisfied with the training module courses. Furthermore, there is no appeal incident due to SP performance in the 109th Republic of China for the first time. The results support that the training module courses can effectively prepare SPTs to be competent for SP scripts training dedicated to NP screening exams. &nbsp

本案例為一名56歲女性因反覆眩暈及耳鳴，經檢查後初步診斷為良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈（Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, BPPV），接受右耳耳石復位術（Canalith Reposition Procedure），然而，隨著病程進展，接續出現關鍵性的前額眉心處的頭痛及視力模糊的症狀，藉由詳細地病史詢問、身體評估、及相關的檢驗及影像檢查，採用排除及納入相關診斷的鑑別過程，最後確診為蝶鞍空洞症，在詳細地病情解釋後，病人接受經鼻腔內視鏡蝶竇蝶鞍減壓併自體脂肪填充及鼻中隔皮瓣重建手術。不幸地，術後產生腦脊髓液鼻漏的併發症，在及時地重新評估、鑑別診斷及處置，有效的控制併發症避免神經功能惡化，最後病人順利出院，因此引發筆者撰寫動機，期望分享此病例照護經驗，提醒同仁臨床照護病人時需要時刻保持警覺，確保病人回復健康。 The case in this study is a 56-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with benign paroxysmal postural dizziness because of repeated vertigo and tinnitus after serial examinations. She underwent reduction of otolith of right ear (Canalith Reposition Procedure). However, her symptoms remained and subsequent symptoms of frontal headache and blurred vision occurred. Although symptoms such as vertigo, tinnitus, and headache are common in Meniere’s disease, benign paroxysmal postural vertigo (BPPV), cerebral infarction, etc. eventually we revised the diagnosis to the Empty Sella Syndrome through detailed inquiry of medical history, physical assessment, and image examinations.After well-addressed explanation of the clinical condition, the patient received endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach and packing sella with autologous fat, reconstruction by cartilage and nasal septal flap. Unfortunately, the sequel of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred after the operation. By promptly reassessment, differential diagnosis with proper treatment, the complication was effectively controlled to avoid neurological deterioration, and the patient was discharged without further complication. I sincerely share the experience of this specific case with my colleagues. Keeping vigilant in clinical care of patients to ensure they could return to health. &nbsp

In the paper we analyze the current lack of food security problems and solutions, and develope a SSH-based system under the wireless Internet of Thing eggs tracing system, in which the database is a very important part. The system uses SQLServer 2000 as its back-end database, employs MyEclipses Java Enterprise 10 as design environment, uses SSH as framework, uses RFID reading the tag, We also expound the design scheme of the system and the key technologies used ,improve system performance, provide an idea for the development of similar database module editors. Keywords—Internet of things, Egg Tracing, Database, RFID 一种特色农产品溯源系统数据库的设计和实现 朱珊虹 1 ,2 张磊 1 1) 新乡学院信息工程学院,新乡,河南,中国 2) 武汉大学国际软件学院,武汉,湖北,中国 摘 要 分析当前食品安全问题以及解决方法上的不足,开发了 SSH 架构下基于无线物联网技术的鸡蛋溯源系统,数据库在其中 是一个非常重要组成部分,系统以 SQLServer2000 作为后台数据库,采用 MyEclipes Java Enterprise 10 为设计环境,基于 SSH(Struts 2,spring2.5,hibernate 3.2)框架,使用 RFID 读取器读取电子标签,并详细阐述了数据库的设计方案和关键技术,提高了系统的性能,为 开发类似的数据库模块提供思路。 关键词 物联网,鸡蛋溯源,数据库,SSH,RFID 1. 引言 食品行业发展已经逐渐细化,并趋向于全球化贸易模 式和生产方式专业化,供应食品的渠道也日益复杂。食品 安全涉及到生产、加工、存储、运输、销售等整个食品的 方方面面。食品从最初的原料加工到最终消费者手里所 经历的环节越来越多,究其原因,一个方面,从生产到消 费,所经历的中间环节的增加,一定程度上增加了引发食 品安全问题的概率;另一个方面,食品供应商和销售商的 增多,一些不良商家在利益的驱动下,选择不利于社会发 展的行为,使得食品安全问题层出不穷,并导致进一步恶 化。近年来发生了众多食品安全问题,从三聚氰胺奶粉到 苏丹红鸡蛋、从双汇瘦肉精到西瓜膨大素,以及最近发生 河南省科技厅项目(基金号:132300410079,1333020005) 的枸杞硫磺熏制事件,都无一例外的说明中国严重的安全 问题,其中有些因为无法快速准确的溯源而导致安全问题 不能得到及时有效的解决。因此,建立一个科学的管理产品 生产、流通、销售过程的体系,对预防食品安全事件的发 生具有非常重要的意义。 2. 溯源系统概述 本文以一种特色农产品—“养子沟”鸡蛋为例,因为 河南特色“养子沟”鸡蛋被誉为“鸡蛋中的人参”,具有“三 高一低”的特点:高碘、高硒、高锌,低胆固醇等特点,不 仅有极高的营养价值和独特的风味,而且易于吸收消化, 被推广和接收,本研究在大量收集整理鸡蛋生产经营数据 和分析影响鸡蛋质量安全因素的基础上,开发出基于物联 网的鸡蛋溯源系统,该系统以监控视频的方式对鸡蛋的生 3rd International Conference on Information, Business and Education Technology (ICIBET 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 274 基 于 无 线 物 联 网 技 术 的 鸡 蛋 溯 源 系 统 鸡蛋销售环节物联网数据采集质控 系统 鸡蛋运输环节物联网数据采集质控 系统 平台综合查询管理系统 消费者综合查询系统 鸡蛋生产监控及数据采集质控系统 运输环节数据采集系统 生产环节数据管理系统 鸡蛋生产物联网数据采集系统 互联网网络查询网站 定点查询终端 运输环节数据管理系统 运输环节数据采集系统 运输环节数据管理系统 鸡蛋生产视频监控及数据采集系统 手机移动查询系统 产过程进行全程监控并保存入视频数据库,同时平台通过 无线物联网技术对鸡蛋的生产过程进行全程记录,采集的 生产信息也将存储在平台的强大数据库中,便于统一管理 和综合查询,平台还将在鸡蛋的运输和超市销售环节搭建 基于无线物联网的信息采集系统,对鸡蛋产品从鸡场生产 环节、运输和销售全程追踪,追踪信息同样存储在平台强 大的数据库中。最后,消费者将能够通过手机客户端、定 点追溯终端或者网络平台对鸡蛋表面的“二维码”贴标进 行扫描,进而查看鸡蛋的生产视频和全程运输细节数据, 让消费者更加明白所购买鸡蛋的来源和销售过程。 近年来,J2EE 的轻量级开源框架发展良好,本系统数 据库采 用 SSH(Struts2、Hibernate、Spring)架 构, 它是 一个开源的框架,具有三层 MVC 结构,便于开发,层次 清晰。业务层采用 Spring 来管理,在数据持久层采用 Hibernate 进行对象关系映射,通过 Struts2 对MVC(Model View Control)框架进行实现,成功对各层次与模块解耦, 并控制表示层 JSP 页面的跳转工作。该系统前台客户端 程序主要负责数据采集、录入和管理,后台 服 务 器主要 用于接收数据和实现管理等功能。系统拓扑结构如图 1

Due to the impacts of refractory organic pollutants and environment on the water treatment system, the sewage quality can not reach the standard. It is an effective measure to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment by introducing exogenous engineering strains with relevant functional genes and the ability of horizontal gene transfer. In sewage treatment system, there are bacteria secreting signal molecules with quorum sensing. When population density reaches induction threshold, the bacteria would activate the related genes expression (such as biofilm formation, bioluminescent, antibiotics synthesis and virulence factor expression,由于难降解有机污染物和外界环境对水处理系统的冲击干扰,污水水质常出现不达标现象。引入外源含有相关功能基因并且具有基因水平转移能力的工程菌株进行生物强化处理是提高污水处理效能的有效措施。污水处理系统中存在能够分泌信号分子的菌体,菌间具有群体感应现象,当种群密度达到感应阈值时,菌体会通过释放信号分子来触发一些群体行为,从而激活相关基因的表达(如生物膜形成、生物发光、抗生素合成和毒力因子表达等)。早期的群体感应技术研究主要集中在信号传递学、微生物社会行为学和医学微生物领域,近年来,在水处理领域也开始有相继报道,研究表明群体感应在污水生物处理中发挥重要作用,并且影响生物强化菌株的定殖和污染物降解,因此群体感应行为调控是生物强化技术成效显著与否的关键因素。本文综述了群体感应及信号分子的作用机制、信号分子释放及存在的影响因素以及群体感应对菌株定殖、微生物群落结构和污染物去除的影响,并对从群体感应角度出发研究生物强化过程进行了展望,旨在为生物强化技术的有效实施及提升污水处理效能提供一种新思路,为深入理解生物强化过程中群体感应调控行为提供理论参考。.

The incidence of carbamate insecticide poisoning has increased gradually in recent years, and anticholinergic drugs are the specific antidotes. In 2020, the Peking University Third Hospital admitted a patient with carbamate insecticide poisoning, whose main clinical manifestations were dizziness, vomiting and blurred vision. During the treatment with penehyclidine hydrochloride, the patient developed delirium. This paper retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and treatment process of the patient to improve people's understanding of the side effects of penhyclidine hydrochloride in the treatment of insecticide poisoning.氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂中毒发生率近年来逐渐增高，抗胆碱能药物为其特效解毒药。2020年北京大学第三医院收治1例氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂中毒患者，以头晕、呕吐、视物不清为主要临床表现，应用盐酸戊乙奎醚（长托宁）治疗过程中，患者出现谵妄。本文对该患者临床资料和治疗过程进行回顾性分析，以提高人们对长托宁治疗农药中毒的不良反应的认识。.

纵隔恶性肿瘤是儿童上腔静脉综合征（SVCS）最常见原发病因，多同时表现为上纵隔综合征（SMS）。SVCS多在短时间内出现并进行性加重，病死率极高。国内暂无相关诊疗规范，为解决此临床需求，中华医学会儿科学分会肿瘤及血液学组、中国抗癌协会小儿肿瘤专业委员会和中华儿科杂志编辑委员会组织相关学科专家共同制定本共识，阐述儿童纵隔肿瘤相关SVCS的概念，并对诊治流程进行详细说明。.

bBackground:/bComplex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has recently been added to the ICD-11 diagnostic system for classification of diseases. The new disorder adds three symptom clusters to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to disturbances in self-organization (affect dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships). Little is known whether recommended evidence-based treatments for PTSD in youth are helpful for youth with CPTSD.bObjectives:/bThis study examined whether Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is useful in reducing PTSD and CPTSD in traumatized youth.bMethods:/bYouth (in/i = 73, 89.0% girls,iM/iage = 15.4 SD = 1.8) referred to one of 23 Norwegian child and adolescent mental health clinics that fulfilled the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD according to ICD-11 and received TF-CBT were included in the study. Assessments were conducted pre-treatment, and every fifth session. Linear mixed effects models were run to investigate whether youth with CPTSD and PTSD responded differently to TF-CBT.bResults:/bAmong the 73 youth, 61.6% (in/i = 45) fulfilled criteria for CPTSD and 38.4% (in/i = 28) fulfilled criteria for PTSD. There were no differences in sex, age, birth country, trauma type, number of trauma types or treatment length across groups. Youth with CPTSD had a steeper decline in PTSD and CPTSD compared to youth with PTSD. The groups reported similar levels of PTSD and CPTSD post-treatment. The percentage of youth who dropped out of treatment was not different across groups. Further, the groups did not differ significantly in number of received treatment sessions.bConclusions:/bThis is the first study to examine whether TF-CBT is helpful for youth who have CPTSD using a validated instrument for measuring CPTSD. The results suggest that TF-CBT may be useful for treating CPTSD in youth. These are promising findings that should be replicated in studies with larger sample sizes.bAntecedentes:/bEl trastorno de estrés postraumático complejo (TEPT-C) ha sido agregado recientemente al sistema de diagnóstico para la clasificación de enfermedades CIE-11. El nuevo trastorno agrega tres grupos de síntomas al trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), relacionados con alteraciones en la autoorganización (desregulación afectiva, autoconcepto negativo y alteraciones en las relaciones). Poco se sabe acerca de si los tratamientos basados en evidencia recomendados para el TEPT en jóvenes son útiles para los jóvenes con TEPT-C.bObjetivos:/bEste estudio examinó si la Terapia Cognitiva Conductual Centrada en el Trauma (TF-CBT en sus siglas en inglés) es útil para reducir el TEPT y el TEPT-C en jóvenes traumatizados.bMétodo:/bSe incluyó en el estudio a jóvenes derivados a una de las 23 clínicas noruegas de salud mental para niños y adolescentes, que cumplían con los criterios para TEPT o TEPT-C según el CIE-11 y recibieron TF-CBT (in/i= 73, 89% niñas,iM/isubedad/sub= 15,4,iDE/i= 1,8). Se realizaron evaluaciones antes del tratamiento y cada cinco sesiones. Se ejecutaron modelos de efectos mixtos lineales para investigar si los jóvenes con TEPT-C y TEPT respondían de manera diferente a la TF-CBT.bResultados:/bEntre los 73 jóvenes, el 61,6% (in/i= 45) cumplió con los criterios de TEPT-C y el 38,4% (in/i= 28) cumplió con los criterios de TEPT. No hubo diferencias en sexo, edad, país de nacimiento, tipo de trauma, número de tipos de trauma o duración del tratamiento entre los grupos. Los jóvenes con TEPT-C tuvieron una disminución más pronunciada en TEPT y TEPT-C en comparación con los jóvenes con TEPT. Los grupos reportaron niveles similares de TEPT y TEPT-C después del tratamiento. El porcentaje de jóvenes que abandonaron el tratamiento no difirió entre los grupos. Además, los grupos no difirieron significativamente en el número de sesiones de tratamiento recibidas.bConclusiones:/bÉste es el primer estudio que examina si la TF-CBT es útil para los jóvenes que tienen TEPT-C mediante un instrumento validado para medir el TEPT. Los resultados sugieren que la TF-CBT puede ser útil para tratar el TEPT-C en jóvenes. Estos son hallazgos prometedores que deberían replicarse en estudios con tamaños muestrales más grandes.b背景：/b复杂性创伤后应激障碍 (CPTSD) 最近已被添加到用于疾病分类的 ICD-11 诊断系统中。这种新疾病在创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)中增加了三个自我组织障碍相关的症状簇（情感失调、消极自我概念和人际关系障碍）。对于青少年 PTSD 的推荐循证治疗对于患有 CPTSD 的青少年是否有帮助尚不清楚。b目的：/b本研究考查了聚焦创伤的认知行为疗法 (TF-CBT) 是否有助于减少受创伤青少年的 PTSD 和 CPTSD。b方法：/b研究纳入了被转诊至 23 家挪威儿童和青少年心理健康诊所之一的符合 ICD-11 PTSD 或 CPTSD 标准并接受了 TF-CBT的青少年（in/i= 73，89.0 % 女孩，平均年龄 = 15.4，标准差 = 1.8）。评估在治疗前进行，每五个疗程进行一次。采用线性混合效应模型以考查患有 CPTSD 和 PTSD 的青少年对 TF-CBT 的反应是否不同。b结果：/b在 73 名青少年中，61.6%（in/i= 45）符合 CPTSD 标准，38.4%（in/i= 28）符合 PTSD 标准。性别、年龄、出生国家、创伤类型、创伤类型数量或治疗时间方面没有组间差异。与患有 PTSD 的青少年相比，患有 CPTSD 的青少年的 PTSD 和 CPTSD 下降幅度更大。这些组别报告了治疗后相似水平的 PTSD 和 CPTSD。退出治疗青少年的百分比无组间差异。此外，各组在接受治疗的次数上没有显著差异。b结论：/b这是第一项使用经过验证的 CPTSD 测量工具考查 TF-CBT 对于患有 CPTSD 的青少年是否有帮助的研究。结果表明，TF-CBT 可能对治疗青少年 CPTSD 有用。这些有希望的发现应该在更大样本量的研究中重复。.

Starting in Vienna in the 1920s, Anna Freud's first tentative attempts at observing children became a crucial component of the 'double approach' which integrated direct child observation with psychoanalytic reconstruction. This enabled the detailed study of unfolding developmental processes and the construction of a theory of normative as well as pathological child development. Her identification of disturbances that were developmental rather than neurotic led to the broadening of child analysis. Interventions aimed at freeing and supporting development rather than giving insight, became known as 'developmental therapy'. These interventions are used in the parent-toddler groups that embody Anna Freud's endeavour to link psychoanalytic theory, direct observation and clinical practice. Observations of a toddler, who attended a parent-toddler group with his mother, show how intervening early in the child's life and soon after concerns were identified, contributed to preventing maladaptive affective states and ways of relating from becoming entrenched.Débutant à Vienne vers 1920, les premiers essais d’Anna Freud dans l’observation des petits enfants devinrent une composante déterminante de la « double approche » qui intègre l’observation directe de l’enfant avec la reconstruction psychanalytique. Ceci a permis l’étude détaillée des processus du développement pendant leur déroulement et la construction d’une théorie normative ainsi que pathologique du développement de l’enfant. Le repérage qu’elle fit des troubles propres au développement et non pas névrotiques a permis l’expansion de l’analyse des enfants. Les interventions visant à libérer et à soutenir le développement plutôt qu’à donner des éclairages (insight) devinrent connues sous le nom de « thérapie développementale ». Ces interventions sont utilisées dans les groupes parent-bébé qui incarnent la tentative d’Anna Freud pour relier la théorie psychanalytique, l’observation directe et la pratique clinique. Les observations d’un petit enfant participant avec sa mère à un groupe parent-bébé montrent comment intervenir tôt dans la vie de l’enfant, peu après que des inquiétudes soient apparues, contribue à éviter que des états affectifs et des liens mal adaptés deviennent établis.Ausgehend von Wien in den 1920er Jahren wurden Anna Freuds erste zaghafte Versuche, Kinder zu beobachten, zu einem entscheidenden Bestandteil des ‘doppelten Ansatzes’, der direkte Kinderbeobachtung mit psychoanalytischer Rekonstruktion verband. Dies ermöglichte die detaillierte Untersuchung der sich entfaltenden Entwicklungsprozesse und die Konstruktion einer Theorie sowohl der normativen als auch der pathologischen kindlichen Entwicklung. Ihre Identifizierung von Störungen, die eher entwicklungsbedingt als neurotisch waren, führte zu einer Erweiterung der Kinderanalyse. Interventionen die darauf abzielen, Entwicklung freizusetzen und zu unterstützen, anstatt Einsichten zu vermitteln, wurden als 'Entwicklungstherapie' bekannt. Diese Interventionen werden in den Eltern-Kind-Gruppen eingesetzt, die Anna Freuds Bestreben entsprechen, psychoanalytische Theorie, direkte Beobachtung und klinische Praxis zu verbinden. Beobachtungen eines Kleinkindes, das mit seiner Mutter an einer Eltern-Kind-Gruppe teilnahm, zeigen, wie frühzeitiges Eingreifen in das Leben des Kindes kurz nachdem Bedenken erkannt wurden, dazu beitrug, daß sich maladaptive affektive Zustände und Beziehungsweisen nicht festsetzen konnten.Iniziati a Vienna negli anni ‘20, i primi incerti tentativi di osservazione dei bambini di Anna Freud divennero una componente cruciale del ‘doppio approccio’ che integrava l’osservazione diretta del bambino con la ricostruzione psicoanalitica. Ciò ha consentito lo studio dettagliato dei processi di sviluppo in corso e la costruzione di una teoria dello sviluppo normativo e patologico del bambino. La sua identificazione di disturbi che erano dello sviluppo, piuttosto che nevrotici, ha portato all’ampliamento dell’analisi infantile. Gli interventi volti a liberare e supportare lo sviluppo piuttosto che a fornire informazioni, divennero noti come ‘terapia dello sviluppo’. Questi interventi sono utilizzati nei gruppi genitore-bambino che incarnano lo sforzo di Anna Freud di collegare la teoria psicoanalitica, l’osservazione diretta e la pratica clinica. Le osservazioni di un bambino che ha frequentato un gruppo genitore-bambino con la madre mostrano come intervenire presto nella vita del bambino, e subito dopo l’identificazione di possibili problemi, abbia contribuito a prevenire il radicamento di stati di affettività e di modi di relazionarsi disadattivi.Первые пробные попытки наблюдения за детьми, предпринимаемые Анной Фрейд в Вене в 1920х годах, становятся наиболее значимой составляющей ее «двойственного подхода», в котором непосредственное наблюдение за детьми сочетается с психоаналитической реконструкцией. Этот подход позволил всесторонне исследовать развертывание процессов развития и создать теорию как нормативного, так и патологического детского развития. Она обнаружила, что некоторые нарушения скорее связаны с задачами развития и не относятся к невротическим, что привело к расширению детского анализа. Интервенции, направленные не столько на получения инсайта, сколько на высвобождение и поддержку развития, получили название «терапии развития». Такие интервенции используют при работе в группах для детей раннего возраста и их родителей с опорой на подход Анны Фрейд, объединяющий психоаналитическую теорию, непосредственное наблюдение и клиническую практику. Наблюдение за ребенком раннего возраста, посещавшим группу совместно с матерью, иллюстрирует ту роль, которую сыграли интервенции в ранний период его жизни ивскоре после обнаружения сложностей в предотвращении закрепления дезадаптивных аффективных состояний и способов взаимодействия.Comenzando en Viena, en los años 20, los primeros intentos de observación de niños de Anna Freud se tornaron en un componente crucial del ‘abordaje doble’, el cual integraba la observación directa del niño con la reconstrucción psicoanalítica. Esto permitió el estudio detallado del despliegue de los procesos de desarrollo y la construcción de una teoría normativa tanto como patológica del desarrollo del niño. Su identificación de trastornos que más que neuróticos pertenecían al desarrollo condujo a la expansión del análisis de niños. Las intervenciones destinadas a liberar y ofrecer apoyo en el desarrollo en vez de ofrecer insight, fueron conocidas como ‘terapia del desarrollo’. Estas intervenciones son utilizadas en los grupos de madres/padres-niños que encarnan la tarea de Anna Freud de relacionar la teoría psicoanalítica, la observación directa y la práctica clínica. Las observaciones de un niño que asistía a un grupo con su madre muestran como la intervención temprana en la vida de un niño, poco después de la identificación del problema contribuyó a prevenir estados afectivos de inadaptación y el enquistamiento de modos de relacionamiento.观察:其在安娜-弗洛伊德的发展取向和父母-幼儿治疗性小组中的作用 从20世纪20年代的维也纳开始, 安娜-弗洛伊德便初次尝试观察儿童, 这成为了 "双重取向 "的重要组成部分, 该方法将儿童直接的观察与精神分析的重建相结合。这让人们有可能对不断展开的发展过程进行详细研究, 以及让我们有可能构建一般和病理的儿童发展理论。她识别出一些问题是发展性的问题, 而非神经性障碍, 这让儿童分析得到扩展。干预的目标是解放和支持发展, 而不是给予洞察, 这种取向被称为 "发展性疗法"。这些干预方法被用于父母-幼儿小组, 其中体现了安娜-弗洛伊德将精神分析理论、直接观察和临床实践联系起来的努力。对一个与母亲一起参加家长-幼儿小组的幼儿的观察表明, 在儿童生活的早期和发现问题后不久进行干预, 有助于防止不良的情感状态和与人联系的方式变得固化。.

The situations are complex and variant in the three stages of "carbon emission peak", "rapid reduction of carbon emission" and "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality" in China's carbon neutralization roadmap. Forest carbon sequestration is an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization in China. Its intertemporal allocation is a vital way to balance industrial emission reduction and forest carbon sequestration, reduce the cost of carbon neutrality, and gradually achieve the goal of carbon neutrality based on optimal cost. Based on the cost optimization allocation theory, we simulated the cost change process of three stages of carbon neutralization in China by quoting the theory of marginal carbon sequestration cost and combining with the existing domestic marginal abatement cost theory. The results showed that annual forest carbon sequestrations with the optimal cost in China was 20 million t, 775 million t and 1.982 billion t respectively in the three stages of "carbon emission peak", "rapid reduction of carbon emission" and "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality", accounting for 1.8%, 17.5%, and 37.6% of the total emission reduction in each period. Compared with the way relying only on industrial emission reduction, forest carbon sequestration under the optimal cost design reduced the total cost by 48, 79136, and 909253 million US$ in the three stages of carbon neutralization, respectively. Due to the limited cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration, industrial emission reduction should be emphasized in the "carbon emission peak" stage. In the "rapid reduction of carbon emissions" stage, the cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration will be increasingly prominent. In the stage of "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality", it is necessary to fully exploit the cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration to achieve the goal of "zero carbon" to avoid the risk of high costs, especially for industries with high decarbonization cost or that will never be completely decarbonized. The optimal cost design for forest carbon sequestration can save 988.437 billion US $ in carbon-neutral costs.我国实现碳中和路线图的“碳排放达峰”、“快速降低碳排放”、“深度脱碳实现碳中和”3阶段具有复杂且差异的减排形势。森林固碳作为我国实现碳中和目标的重要手段,其跨期分配是平衡产业减排与森林固碳关系、降低我国实现碳中和的成本代价、以最优成本分步实现碳中和目标的重要途径。本研究从成本优化分配理论出发,引入森林边际固碳成本理论,结合国内现有产业边际减排理论,对我国实现碳中和3个阶段的成本变化过程进行模拟。结果表明: 我国在“碳排放达峰”、“快速降低碳排放”、“深度脱碳实现碳中和”3个阶段,实现成本最优的森林年固碳量分别为0.20、7.75、19.82亿t,分别占当期总减排量的1.8%、17.5%、37.6%。相较于仅依赖产业减排,在成本最优设计下发挥森林固碳成本优势,使得碳中和3个阶段的总成本分别降低0.48、791.36、9092.53亿美元。在“碳排放达峰”阶段,森林固碳的成本优势十分有限,应当主要依靠产业减排;在“快速降低碳排放”阶段,森林固碳的成本优势逐渐凸显;在“深度脱碳实现碳中和”阶段,应当充分发挥森林固碳的成本优势实现“零碳”目标,否则将会面临十分高昂的成本代价,尤其对于脱碳成本十分高昂或永远无法完全脱碳的产业。最优成本设计下森林固碳可以节约9884.37亿美元的碳中和成本。.

Ecosystem services are the bridge between ecosystem functions and human welfare. Climate regulation service (CRS) has an extremely important role in ecosystem services. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the whole process of CRS occurrence for scientific assessment of ecosystem services. With Fuzhou City as a case, we carried out the assessment of CRS at the local and municipal scales, and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of CRS at the administrative unit and land use and land cover scales. The results showed that the aggregated physical capacity of CRS in Fuzhou City was 4.01×10生态系统服务是衔接生态系统功能和人类福利的桥梁,气候调节服务在生态系统服务中占有极其重要的地位。对气候调节服务发生的全过程进行评估,对科学开展生态系统服务评估具有重要意义。本研究以福州市为案例,开展地市尺度气候调节服务评估,分析气候调节服务在行政单元、地类尺度上的时空变化特征。结果表明: 2015、2018年,福州市气候调节服务总实物量分别为4.01×10

Glutaraldehyde is a kind of volatile and irritating aldehyde organic compound, which belongs to high-efficiency disinfectant. It has a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract and digestive tract, and skin causing denaturation, liquefaction and necrosis of mucous membrane proteins. This article analyzes the treatment process of a patient with high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning by oral and inhalation, and discusses the clinical manifestations and prognosis of high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment.戊二醛是一种易挥发的刺激性醛类有机化合物，属于高效消毒剂，对眼、呼吸道和消化道黏膜及皮肤有强烈的刺激作用，使黏膜蛋白质变性液化坏死。本文对1例口服及吸入高浓度戊二醛中毒患者的救治过程进行分析，探讨高浓度戊二醛中毒的临床表现和转归，为临床治疗提供依据。.

The rapid digital transformation (DX) that airlines experienced during the past decade has been proven to be the driving force of significant benefits for the airlines when it comes to cost reduction, branding and revenue opportunities when passengers purchase tickets and ancillaries directly from their websites. This paper aims to contribute empirically to the theoretical approaches of DX and revenue management (RM) with the investigation of the Aegean airlines DX progress, focusing on emerging RM practices and digital distribution channels.,A content analysis of the airlines’ website and social media performance is used to note the current situation combined with previous and upcoming developments. Evaluation of the company’s digitalization progress is approached by using a combination of two selected DX models, the digital transformation maturity (DTM) concept and the technology acceptance model (TAM).,The analysis of qualitative and quantitative secondary data provided by the Aegean airlines indicates that the adoption of a digital evolution marketing plan, enriched with emerging RM practices, is leading to the increase of the bookings coming from the airline’s direct distribution channels (Web & Apps) over those from intermediaries (GDSs). Consequently, Aegean airlines’ DX progress favors cost reduction and revenue increase at the same time.,DX model-based airline steps combined with direct versus indirect ticket purchase pattern compose a tool to evaluate the airline digitalization progress toward revenue integrity and product customization, as the latest trend in customer-centric strategy of businesses and customer relationship management (eCRM).,近十年来的快速数字化改革（DX）证实了航空体验成为航空公司在降低成本、品牌效应、以及收益机会的时候显著受益的驱动因素, 这体现在当乘客通过网站购买飞机票和附加服务的时候。本论文旨在以Aegean航空DX进展为实例, 以事实来验证DX和收益管理（RM）的理论论断, 尤其在新兴RM措施和数字化分销渠道方面。,本论文采用文本分析航空网站和社交媒体表现的方法, 以展示结合过去和未来发展的目前情况分析。本论文通过结合两种DX模型, 数字化改革成熟概念（DTM）以及科技接受模型（TAM）, 对该航空公司的数字化进程进行评估。,本论文对Aegean航空公司的定量和定性的分析结果表明, 数字化改革营销计划, 结合新兴RM措施, 能够增加航空公司直接分销渠道（网站&APP）的订单收益, 相较于中间分销渠道（GDS）。因此, Aegean航空公司DX进程同时也降低了成本和增加了收益。,DX模型航空业措施, 结合直接vs间接售票模式, 能够评估航空业数字化进程改进收益情况和产品定制化的有效工具, 这作为以客户为核心的商业战略和客户关系管理（eCRM）最潮流的趋势。

This study identifies the main actors in the Indian network neutrality case and explores the main formal and informal institutional arrangements that constrain and influence their agendas for traffic management practices (TMPs). The analysis applies institutional analysis to this subject matter. This study identifies the formal institutional arrangements such as licenses for ISPs and informal institutional arrangements manifesting in practices to block websites and applications, throttle this content, and engage in preferential treatment. 本研究识别了印度网络中立性的主要行动者，并探究了主要的正式及非正式制度安排，这些制度安排对其流量管理实践（TMPs）议程进行限制和影响。对该主题应用了制度分析。本研究识别了例如互联网服务供应商许可证等正式制度安排，以及一系列非正式制度安排，后者在实践中封锁网站和应用程序、关闭内容、并进行差异化处理。 Este estudio identifica a los principales actores en el caso de neutralidad de la red de la India y explora los principales arreglos institucionales formales e informales que limitan e influyen en sus agendas para las practicas de gestion del trafico (TMP). El analisis aplica el analisis institucional a esta tematica. Este estudio identifica los arreglos institucionales formales tales como licencias para ISP y arreglos institucionales informales que se manifiestan en practicas para bloquear sitios web y aplicaciones, acelerar este contenido y participar en un trato preferencial.