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Orientador: Lídia Maria Rodrigo Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Resumo: Apesar de Nietzsche ser uma referência fundamental para a filosofia contemporânea, os estudos sobre seu pensamento na área da educação ainda são poucos. Este trabalho tenta oferecer mais uma alternativa à interpretação do pensamento dele, analisado a partir da educação vista mais como um processo de formação e transformação dos indivíduos que são educados do que como uma realidade escolar cotidiana. Para isso, elaborou-se a tese de que só há educação, aos moldes nietzscheanos, se aquilo que um ser humano é mais intimamente quando nasce puder ser transformado de modo definitivo, irreversível e irremediável, ou seja, de modo radical. Para se justificar tal tese, foram explorados conceitos fundamentais no pensamento de Nietzsche: pulsão, si, vontade de poder, tipos superiores e inferiores, cultura e civilização, além-do-homem, eterno retorno do mesmo e amor fati. Foram, ainda, desenvolvidos e apresentados conceitos novos na análise do pensamento nietzscheano - condição de nascimento, condição de vida e condição de morte -, que dizem respeito à estruturação pulsional dos seres humanos, determinando o status tipológico de cada um e suas possibilidades de ascensão e decadência pulsional. Abstract: Although Nietzsche is a fundamental reference for contemporary philosophy, studies of his thought on education are still few. This work attempts to provide an alternative interpretation of his thought, analyzed from education seen more like a process of formation and transformation of individuals who are educated, than as an everyday reality in schools. To that, we elaborated the thesis that there is only education, in the nietzschean manner, if what a human being is more deeply when it is born can be transformed in definitive, irreversible and irremediable way, in other words, in a radical way. To justify such thesis, we explored some fundamental concepts in Nietzsche's thought: drive, self, will to power, superior and inferior types, culture and civilization, super-man, eternal return of the same and amor fati. Were also developed and presented new concepts in the analysis of Nietzschean thought - condition of birth, condition of life and condition death - which concern the structuring of human drives, determining the typological status of each one and their possibilities of ascension and decadence drive. Doutorado História, Filosofia e Educação Doutor em Educação

This study explores the historical content of Dante’s Inferno by confronting his representations of local power both with those of his contemporaries and of modern historiography. It shows the originality and nuance of Dante’s vision of local power, in particular the concept of tyranny and the rise of signoria in the cities of the north eastern part of Italy and of Romagna. The final chapter attends to Dante’s response to the judicial concept of family co-responsibility. Dante’s representation of local power is examined by focusing on Ezzelino da Romano and Obizzo II d’Este in Inferno 12, Guido da Montefeltro in Inferno 27 and Ugolino della Gherardesca in Inferno 32 and 33.

Tendo a escritura literária como recurso e fonte, o presente artigo delineia questões sobre gênero e poder, observando o estilo ensaístico e uma abordagem a partir da Teoria Crítica, com foco na produção feminista alemã e norte-americana contemporânea. Dentro de um contexto paradoxal, pensar e produzir expressões que enfatizam a necessária construção de solidariedades e lutas comuns contra o patriarcado, o colonialismo e o capitalismo, tanto o acervo clássico quanto contemporâneo trazem matéria-prima e fontes históricas – escritas – para compreender as ontologias do poder e o reconhecimento da categoria gênero. Desse modo, a metodologia delineada é de caráter qualitativo, com base documental em obras literárias que retrataram formas de transgressão (aos papéis e funções vinculadas às mulheres e à vida privada e doméstico-familiar) e mirada crítico-cultural. A aproximação com epistemologias feministas e produção historiográfica contemporânea permitiram descritivo histórico, mas especialmente fundamentos teóricos de interpretação para uma abordagem ética, inclusiva, justa. With literary writing as a resource and source, this article outlines questions about gender and power, observing the essay style and an approach based on Critical Theory, focusing on contemporary German and American feminist production. Within a paradoxical context, thinking and producing expressions that emphasize the necessary construction of solidarity and common struggles against patriarchy, colonialism and capitalism, both the classic and contemporary collections bring raw material and historical - written - sources to understand ontologies of power and the recognition of the gender category. In this way, the methodology outlined is of a qualitative character, based on documents in literary works that portrayed forms of transgression (to the roles and functions linked to women and to private and domestic-family life) and critical-cultural view. The approach with feminist epistemologies and contemporary historiographical production allowed historical description, but especially theoretical foundations of interpretation for an ethical, inclusive, fair approach.

Despite the common understanding that states compete over international institutions and jockey to define international order, our understanding of institutional power politics is underdeveloped. The dissertation sets out to answer three sets of questions relating to the specific areas that need developing – theory, methods and empirics. First, how do we think about the concepts of “power” and “international institutions”? And, how do states interact with each other in the competition over or with international institutions? Second, if institutional competition is a strategic interaction for which our current empirical knowledge is limited, how do we select cases to examine competitive processes between states? From the selected cases, what is the best way to test our theories of competitive processes while ensuring that our analysis contributes to the relatively thin empirical case knowledge? Finally, while we think the competition between U.S. and China is one of the key contemporary cases of states competing over international institutions, is the evolution of international institutions really a function of U.S.-China competition? If not, how does institutional competition work? Paper 1 deals exclusively with the exercise of building a comprehensive theory of institutional power politics. From the basic concepts to the specific strategic interactions of interstate competition over international institutions, the theory of institutional power politics challenges the long-held view in IR that international institutions are solutions to power politics and signifiers of an international politics that is more cooperative. The key idea in this paper comes from applying insights from defensive realism to the context of institutional competition with the institutional power dilemma. The theory highlights how even with the most benign and cooperative intentions, states may slide into power political dynamics over international institutions. Paper 2 develops two case study methods for examining competitive processes, or more broadly, “intensive processes” – streams of processual phenomena for which the conditions and eventual outputs are ontologically distinct or of lesser analytical interest. The prototypical case selection strategy provides guidelines for selecting cases for intensive processes where the universe of cases is often difficult to know in advance. The dual process tracing (DPT) method then provides a way by which a researcher can test theories of intensive processes as well as provide substantive knowledge about the selected prototypical case. The two methods developed in this paper provide an alternative way to think about political phenomena beyond the dominant covariational and mechanismic approaches in political science research. Paper 3 is the first theoretically driven empirical examination of the prototypical case of institutional competition – “U.S.-TPP vs. China-RCEP.” The paper tests the common understanding that TPP and RCEP is a product of the intentional competition between U.S. and China. The paper finds, however, that the competition is generated from mechanisms of misperception, uncertainty and poor signaling of intentions from both countries. The paper thus offers a powerful revision to the current understanding of the TPP-RCEP case and also theoretically arrives at a defensive realist model of unintended institutional competition. The paper concludes by identifying a number of overlooked policy implications for contemporary U.S.-China relations and institution building in East Asia.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Belles Arts. Facultat de Belles Arts. Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017, Tutor: Sara Pons Arnal [spa] El tema de mi trabajo es el poder. No uno en concreto, ni tampoco en si mismo, sino mas bien sus relaciones y efectos. Intentando expresar fuerza y oposición a la vez. La escultura consiste en un conjunto de 16 estructuras geométricas en suspensión. Piezas livianas construidas en varilla de hierro, a medio vestir por film de polietileno. Mediante líneas de hierro que cortan el espacio en tensión con membranas de polietileno mas o menos transparente. Consigue agenciarse el espacio con poca presencia material, señalándolo, no ocupándolo. Utilizando el concepto de ventana para visibilizar el efecto de distorsión de un dentro y fuera de escena. El conjunto esta dispuesto en una matriz circular constituyendo espacios interiores y exteriores transitables por el espectador, donde la experiencia de ellos no tiene definido un principio y un final. Dándose la observación en forma de eterno retorno, de un sistema que alude a la idea de expansión, degenerándolo y colapsándolo, a la vez que cuestiona los limites del espacio donde se ve expuesta. [eng] I focus my work on power; not a specific one, nor power itself, but its relations and effects, trying to convey strength and resistance at the same time. The sculpture consists of a set of 16 geometrical structures in suspension; light pieces built using little iron rods covered with polythene. These thin iron-made lines, coated with almost transparent layers of polythene, cut, draw, and add tension to space; they manage to conquer space with little material presence by ‘pointing’ at it, not occupying it. By using the concept of ‘window’, a distortion effect of an inside and an outside scene is made visible.The set is arranged in a circular matrix comprising internal and external areas through which the audience can pass, and where their experience has no definite beginning or ending. A vision of eternal return is observable in a system that alludes to the idea of expansion, degenerating and collapsing it, and at the same time uestioning the boundaries of the exhibition space.

Los títulos de las novelas de Iris Murdoch sugieren, de forma indirecta, el contenido conceptual de las obras. The Flight from the Enchanter1 (1956) plantea, desde el primer momento, con la referencia a la huida y al hechicero, los elementos que serán clave para comprender y desentrañar la aparente disparidad de personajes y situaciones que se desarrollan en la novela. El objetivo de este artículo es desglosar algunos de los elementos simbólicos que son esenciales en la producción de Iris Murdoch, como por ejemplo la figura del hechicero, y tratar de poner al descubierto su significado. En un segundo momento, se analizarán las relaciones de poder tal como aparecen en The Flight from the Enchanter (FFE).

This dissertation seeks a concept of freedom that is compatible with Michel Foucault’s descriptions of power and its role in the constitution of the subject. Discovering the concept of freedom that properly opposes the Foucauldian concept of domination reveals the possibilities and limitations of the usefulness of Foucault’s account of power for social criticism. The first step in this endeavor is therefore to distinguish between Foucault's own use of the terms 'power' and 'domination' – the conflation of which is a source of criticism of his social theory. With this distinction in hand, I argue that Foucault’s genealogical period with its diagnosis of subjection is wholly compatible with, and indeed inseparable from, his ethical period with its emphasis on self-transformation. Read as two sides of a coin, these periods of Foucault’s work establish the terms in which we must understand the ethico-political struggle in which we constantly find ourselves as subjects of self-transformation embedded in identity-constituting relations of power. I then explore Foucault’s criticism of the modern concept of autonomy, which he believes to be inherited from the Enlightenment and, more specifically, Kant. In spite of these criticisms, Foucault does not dispense with the concept of freedom as autonomy altogether, but instead must embrace a concept of social freedom, similar to that which is found in contemporary recognition theory. Therefore, we should characterize Foucault’s normative stance as that of a coupling of a general concept of social freedom with what I call a "metaethico-political openness principle" committing us to acts of resistance that would attempt to push the boundaries of recognition so that we may affirm previously unimagined ways of life.

This dissertation explores teacher identities as they emerge, recede and collide with one another in the classrooms of four participating English teachers at the Cooperative School, a pseudonymous, single school site that is home to the researcher as well as to the study participants. Focusing first on how these teachers see themselves and how they articulate their roles, the study then turns to an analysis based on Judith Butler's theories of identity formation. The role of normative power in identity formation is exemplified by what the paper calls "The Regime of Teacher Norms," i.e., Teacher as Expert, Teacher as Guide, Teacher as Professional and Teacher as Boss.

[spa] En este trabajo se examina el concepto de autoridad desde el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt. El objetivo consiste en repensar y reivindicar la importancia de esta categoría política central que ha sido insuficientemente estudiada por la tradición del pensamiento político y cuyo olvido debe ser reparado para comprender adecuadamente la crisis política del presente. Abordar de nuevo la autoridad supone disociarla del poder y también del autoritarismo, nociones con las que habitualmente se la confunde, y rescatar su dimensión específica. En este sentido, se hace hincapié en este trabajo en que la autoridad es incompatible con una concepción del poder como la que está encarnada en la noción de soberanía. Frente a ésta, lo que se expone es que la autoridad comporta una forma de obediencia que no se sustenta sobre la imposición, la coerción o la violencia, sino sobre otros factores como el reconocimiento y que por ello se define inevitablemente por poseer un carácter frágil. La autoridad es lo que implícitamente declara la incompletitud del poder y lo que desvela que éste requiere una instancia exterior que le sirva como fuente de legitimidad. Para acometer este examen de la autoridad, se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la obra de Arendt desde la perspectiva de este concepto y se muestra que éste no ocupa un rol secundario ni aislado en el conjunto de su pensamiento. La autoridad enlaza con una cuestión central en esta autora como es la del mundo y se relaciona de manera íntima con otras de sus preocupaciones principales. La autoridad se sitúa asimismo en el centro de otras cuestiones de primer orden en Arendt como son el poder, la violencia, la soberanía, la ley, la fundación, la memoria, la revolución, el juicio, el sentido común, la república de consejos o sobre todo el mundo, al mismo tiempo que dialoga con otras como son el totalitarismo, la desobediencia civil, el perdón, la promesa o las actividades del trabajo y la acción. En Arendt, la autoridad se define por rasgos como su dimensión relacional, su carácter dinámico o por aparecer como una suerte de contrapeso a la dimensión imprevisible y desbordante de la acción que sin embargo no conduce a la negación de ésta. Por otro lado, la autoridad también provee un horizonte de permanencia que no se encuentra presente en la categoría arendtiana de poder y que resulta fundamental para la posibilidad y viabilidad de una fundación política. Como extensión de estas consideraciones, en las páginas siguientes se desarrollará lo que hemos llamado un poder de recepción y se hará una reconsideración del concepto de autor desde las reflexiones de esta pensadora. Finalmente, este trabajo pretende encarar el que para Arendt consistía en uno de los problemas fundamentales del pensamiento político: cómo reconciliar no la libertad y la igualdad, sino ésta y la autoridad., [eng] This work will examine the concept of authority, taking Hannah Arendt‘s political thinking as a cue. My aim is to rethink and vindicate the importance of this political category, which has been insufficiently examined by the tradition of political thought. In my opinion, its specific dimension needs to be further studied so that we can better understand the current political crisis. In order to fulfil this new approach, we need to dissociate or disentangle the notion of authority from those of power and authoritarianism, concepts with which it has usually been confused. In this regard, this work highlights the fact that authority is incompatible with a conception of power that is embodied in the notion of sovereignty. Contrary to this conception, authority implies a form of obedience which does not stand on imposition, coercion or violence, but on other factors, such as recognition, and consequently it is inevitably defined by its fragile character. Implicitly, authority reveals the incompleteness of power and thus discloses that power needs an exterior instance as a source of legitimacy. In order to complete this task, this research rests upon a deep and exhaustive examination of the works of Hannah Arendt from the perspective of authority and argues that this concept does not play a secondary or isolated role in her thinking. Authority is linked with one of the central problems for this thinker, that of the question of the world. Furthermore, authority is located at the very heart of other major issues, such as the concepts of power, violence, sovereignty, law, foundation, memory, revolution, judgment, common sense or, above all, the world. At the same time the concept of authority plays an important role in the understanding of Arendt‘s position in regard to the council system and it is useful to delve more deeply into other phenomena such as totalitarianism, civil disobedience, forgiveness, promise or both the activities of work and action. In Arendt, authority is defined by characteristics such as its relational dimension and its dynamic character. In addition, authority is seen as a kind of resource which can counterbalance the unpredictable character inherent to action that at the same time does not negate its freedom or its spontaneity. On the other hand, authority provides a horizon of permanence that is not present in the Arendtian category of power and is crucial for the possibility or viability of the political foundation. As a result of this consideration, in the following pages I develop what I call a ―power of reception‖ and I will reconsider the concept of the author on the basis of Arendt‘s reflections. Finally, this work aims to tackle what the thinker considered as one of the major challenges for the current political thinking: the reconciliation of not freedom and equality but of equality and authority.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Belles Arts. Facultat de Belles Arts. Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2015-2016, Tutor: Carlos Velilla Lon, [cat] “Punxes, forats, malparits i drapeaus” és un treball que proposa dur a terme un projecte expositiu de principi a fi, inserit dins la pràctica pictòrica personal i amb una voluntat de professionalització. El treball realitzat serveix també per, a través de l'anàlisi del procés i dels resultats, poder reflexionar sobre la pràctica en un sentit global; el punt de vista i els objectius., [eng] “Punxes, forats, malparits i drapeaus” proposes the production of a begging to end exhibition project, which is inserted in personal pictorial practice and with a desire of professionalisation.The work is also used to, through the analysis of the process and its results, reflect on the practice in a global sense; the point of view and the objectives.

This brief article suggests a reading of the nietzschean concept of Will to Power. First, starting from Heidegger and Deleuze¿s interpretations, an analysis on the differences between Schopenhauer¿s concept of Will and Nietzsche¿s Will to Power is developed, followed by a contrast between Nietzsche¿s Will to Power and Darwin¿s assumptions on the Theory of Evolution. Finally, Will to Power as a key concept in Nietzsche¿s ontology and epistemology is highlighted.

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://comunicacionyhombre.com/article/comunicacion-poder-una-aproximacion-filosofica/1458/ El presente artículo pretende analizar el poder que ejerce el comunicador sobre los individuos de una sociedad y la responsabilidad que de él se deriva. A partir de una reflexión filosófica sobre la comunicación humana se evidencia el poder que de ella surge y la necesidad de señalarle unos límites éticos. Se propone una ética del poder señalando algunas de sus virtudes básicas. / This article analyses the power exercised by the communicator over the individuals of a society and the responsibility derived from it. A philosophical reflection on human communication shows the power that emerges from it and the need of pointing out ethical limits. Then, the article propounds an ethics of power, underlining some of its fundamental virtues.

El poder forma part consubstancial del treball social en la mesura que implica l'entramat de relacions socials que produeix la intervenció social. Partint de l'enfocament que proposa Foucault, aquí s'aborda específicament el poder de la professió de treball social, i com aquell s'incardina en la pràctica quotidiana. El fil conductor és el binomi saber-poder que, en termes professionals, es llegeix com a disciplina-exercici de la professió. A partir d'això, s'analitzen cinc dimensions en què poden donar-se manifestacions de poder del treball social i que caldria saber gestionar. Es finalitza l'anàlisi, abans de les conclusions, amb una breu incursió de com es pot revertir el sentit negatiu del poder en l'exercici de la professió de treball social.