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Scholars have generally recognized the Ottoman poet Nefʿī (d. 1635) for his refinement of the panegyric in Turkish and his skill in its unflattering twin, the invective. They have thus paid little attention to the fact that he composed poems in Persian, and sufficient to compile a collection of them, simply viewing his output as a byproduct of his taste for the fresh style emanating from the East, particularly India, with no consideration of other factors at play. The article addresses this contextual gap by situating Nefʿī's engagement with the fresh style in relation to wider efforts at poetic renewal and also to literati disputes about the extent to which the fresh style and other currents from the East ought to be adopted and assimilated, in which differing formal and generic preferences, as well as linguistic and rhetorical concerns, were central. The article ultimately suggests that Nefʿī's overall work should be seen as part of those wider efforts that also aimed at making Ottoman practice distinctively fresh.

Interactional positioning has to do with how people express their attitudes and dispositions to others (stance) and signal how they wish to relate with other participants in the discourse (engagement). These are closely connected with the extent to which impoliteness is expressed in discourse and the resources and strategies employed. This study investigates interactional positioning and impoliteness in two Nigerian political discussion sites, Nairaland Forum and Gistmania. The findings show that bald-on-record and negative impoliteness were predominant in the discussions. The common linguistic expressions of impoliteness were name-calling, vulgarism, cursing, dismissal and sarcasm. Participants also used questions, directives and reader pronouns you and your for face attacks and heightening of the effect of impolite expressions. Self-mentions and attitude markers, especially cognitive verbs, were used to convey feelings and attitudes towards other participants within and outside the discussion. The study concludes that impoliteness thrives in political debates online because of the uninhibited context, which gives freedom to participants to deliberately inject invective language in order to set the emotional temperature in the discussion and cause disaffection among the participants and the group they represent.

Eutropius, eunuch who became the consul of the Roman Empire in 399 AD under Arcadius, is a villain of Claudius Claudian’s invective In Eutropium. Argumentation in this piece is based on many negative topoi employed in the earlier Roman poetry. In doing this, the poet makes a particular use of stereotypes connected with the East, by dint of which he can attribute these features to the Eastern Roman Empire (epitomised by Eutropius) and – at the same time – to show that the right Roman virtues are fostered in the Western Roman Empire, controlled by the poet’s patron, Stilicho.

The occasional article deals with a topic that Professor Irena Kamińska-Szmaj has explored in recent decades of Her scientific activity. It is an attempt to investigate the process of creating political invective in response to microexpressions, i.e. momentary movements of the facial muscles expressing emotions, in relation to Greta Thunberg — a teenage icon of the ecological movement. It contains both an analysis of microexpression based on 20 photos from public activist speeches and how they spread in social media with the hashtag #gretinism, which can be considered a manifestation of the connection between the communication crisis and the ecological one.

The poem Apostrofa (na czas stanu wojennego) by Father Kazimierz Wójtowicz was published in the collection of poems Odpisy Nadziei in Vienna in 1982. The artist is a Catholic monk (a Resurrectionist) and a poet with considerable achievements, acknowledged in the so-called priestly poetry (Krzysztof Dybciak, Bożena Chrząstowska), but going beyond the features of its style through the connection with linguistic poetry and the New Wave poetics. The author of the article attempts to recognize the phenomenon of the text, which belongs to the realm of martial law literature and in which the poet expresses a politically and morally motivated reprimand addressed to General Jaruzelski through the pattern of Pater noster — the most important Christian prayer. The foundations of the strategy implemented in Apostrofa are: the shift of meanings (“Our Stepfather” as an invective), the reference to the language of values, the use of several rhetorical figures (including figures of thought and aversio), as well as the reference to the Lord’s Prayer in the form of reactivating a separate literary genre (pacierz — Lord’s prayer) in its serious and exhorting variant (paternoster — ‘scolding’ prayer). With such an approach, the text of Our Father cannot be perceived as the subject of occasional intertextual stylization (parody, travesty or burlesque), the matrix of a pamphlet or a pasquil, but rather as the root paradigm (“the cultural model of behavior”; Victor Turner’s concept) defining a universal ethical horizon for Wójtowicz’s poem.

Der Judenfeind (1570), eine virulent antijüdische, polemische Schrift des prominenten evangelischen Theologen und Pfarrers Nigrinus (Georg Schwartz), die vorwiegend an die hessischen Landgrafen adressiert ist, gewährt uns Einblicke in die zeitgenössische Rezeption von Martin Luthers »Von den Juden und ihren Lügen.« Uns schockiert die feste Überzeugung von Nigrinus, dass seine vom tiefsten Judenhass animierte Schmähschrift eine Hommage an Luther darstellen sollte. Bei seinen Bestrebungen, deutsche Herrscher dazu anzuspornen, die Juden aus ihren Gebieten zu vertreiben, scheiterte Nigrinus. Trotzdem werden seine Hetzbefunde regelmäßig bei denjenigen Autoren zitiert, die bestrebt sind, die Juden als eine der christlichen Umwelt problematische sowie bedrohliche Präsenz zu brandmarken.

Gulliver's Travels is written by Seventeenth century Anglo-Irish prose writer Jonathan Swift. Jonathan swift employed literary device called invective, satire in his writing to cure social malaise of seventeenth century society. Gulliver's travels are a political allegory in which seventeenth century society is highlighted in many aspects. There is a character called Lemuel Gulliver which is enterprising and adventurous underwent a voyage to Lilliput. The author gives some account of himself and family. His first inducement to travel. He is shipwrecked and swims for his life gets safe on shore in the country of Lilliput is made prisoner and carried up the country. The emperor of Lilliput attended by several of the nobility, come to see the author in his confinement. The Emperor's person and habit described. Learned men appointed to teach the author the language. He gains favor by his mild disposition. His pockets are searched and his sword & pistols taken from him.

Esta incursión intelectual busca analizar, por una parte, en el estudio combinado de la metodología semiótica o estudio del signo (Ducrot y Todorov, 1976) y el estudio sistemático del proyecto sociológico emprendido por el pensador francés Pierre Bourdieu, una síntesis mediadora capaz de superar la división establecida en las ciencias sociales entre objetivismo y subjetivismo. El objetivo de nuestra invectiva teórica estará marcado por la aplicación del grupo de discusión como la técnica de investigación social más acorde y propicia para escudriñar las relaciones de ambas propuestas metodológicas. Signo (ideología o representaciones simbólicas) y sociología reflexiva crítica (sociología de la sociología) conforman un epítome aplicable de ser un objeto de estudio a través del grupo de discusión. Dado que contamos con una amplia bibliografía de ambas metodologías cualitativas por separado, el artículo aporta finalmente una propuesta basada en las intersecciones teóricas estudiadas.

The essay deals with the issues of reception of English literature by Russian literary criticism; it analyzes polemically pointed evaluations of The Newcomes (1853–1855) by two leading Russian critics of the 1850s – 1860s – Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Alexander Druzhinin. To look at their reviews of the novel is worthwhile as it leads to a better understanding of both Russian literary process of the period and Russian reception of English literature in the middle of the 19th century. While examining these reviews, it is necessary to remember that this novel occupies quite an important place in the creative work of Thackeray and has many peculiarities at such levels of its structure as genre, plot, narrative, character-making, irony. The novel belongs to the after Vanity Fair period of Thackeray’s oeuvre with its own aesthetics which just in The Newcomes gets its final look. The novel pictures the life of the English upper classes with the help of chronicle and panoramic methods of plot-making; direct satire, keenest irony and invective do not work here as they work in Vanity Fair. It is precisely this ‘otherness’ of The Newcomes, in comparison with the most famous novel by Thackeray, that becomes the matter of the opposite estimates of this novel by two Russian critics: at one extreme, Chernyshevsky who, though noting some strong plot-making and narrative positions in the novel, criticizes the writer for poor conceptuality of the novel, the petty themes raised, the hero’s unimpressiveness, procrastination and slowness of the narrative; at the other extreme, the benevolent view of Druzhi­nin who reveals some important facets of the novel’s artistic originality. He does not assess the novel from the ideological positions which are, in many respects, the products of the first Russian ‘thaw’ after the period of political reaction of the regime of Nicholas I and which determine the position of Chernyshevsky. Since Druzhinin had been taken by Chernyshevsky as his ideological rival and the founder of ‘art for art’s sake’ conception, his review was a severe polemical answer to Druzhinin’s review published earlier. That is one of the main reasons why such a profound literary critic as Chernyshevsky did not notice or did not want to notice many merits of The Newcomes which are stressed in the essay. It is shown in the essay that, while wri­ting his review of The Newcomes, Chernyshevsky was thinking more about Russian literary situation than Thackeray’s novel itself and the literary process in England in the middle of the 19th century.

The abstract reveal the prevalence of stereotypes connected to image of people with intellectual disability as social basis to stigmatization of this social group. Amoung widespread stereotypes we identyfied the next ones: necessity of izolation, aggressiveness, lack of interaction, low level of understanding of what is going on around them, specific of sexual interaction, instinct domination and absence of emotions and feelings. These and other stereotypes are broadcasting in every day life and appear as invective speech. The image of people with intellectual disabilities is often spelled with old fashion medical terminology. Invective pronouncing can be used to cause a negative reaction from people around. We substantiated the point of necessarity of strict understanding the stereotypical social representation for effective destigmatization work.

This article aims to provide information on the existence of an unknown invective against Quevedo’s Política de Dios. It was copied in a manuscript dated October 1626 and directed to Antonio de Sotomayor, Philip the Fourth’s confessor and royal adviser. Quevedo could get to know the invective and refer to it in the preface of his authorized edition of Política de Dios. The censure stands out among the attacks related to the controversy about this treatise, due to its extension and systematic objections, its addressee and political scope: the text puts Quevedo on the “opposite side of the chief minister” (Olivares) and blames Philip the Third’s monarchy, “another era”, for the corruption denounced by the writer. The invective allows us to guess the intrigues of Quevedo’s enemies, hidden in the shadows and encouraging, in 1626, his confrontation with the royal favourite, which became definitive from 1630 onwards., Este artículo pretende informar de la existencia de una invectiva inédita contra Política de Dios de Quevedo. Se copia en un manuscrito fechado en octubre de 1626 y dirigido a Antonio de Sotomayor, confesor de Felipe IV y consejero real. Quevedo pudo conocer la diatriba y aludir a ella en el prólogo de su edición autorizada de Política de Dios. La invectiva destaca en el contexto de la polémica en torno a esta obra por su extensión y su sistemática impugnación, por destinatario y alcance político: sitúa a Quevedo en el “bando contrario del privado” (Olivares) y achaca a “otra era”, la de Felipe III y Lerma, la corrupción denunciada por el escritor. Su texto permite adivinar las maniobras de enemigos del escritor, alentando en la sombra, ya en 1626, su enfrentamiento con el valido, que será definitivo a partir de 1630.

The relevance of the article is connected with the prevalence of aggressive materials in the media space, the significance of their role in influencing the audience. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the lexical means of expressing speech aggression in the Russian-language press of the Soviet era. The research material consists of 500 articles on international topics published from 1946 to 1989 in the newspaper Soviet Belarus, published in Belarus in Russian. The methods of semantic, contextual and discursive analysis have been used. In the course of the study, the semantic groups of words used in the press of the indicated time to express speech aggression have been identified. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that determining the specifics of aggression explication in the newspaper texts of a particular period contributes to understanding the characteristics of media discourse as a type of institutional communication. The practical significance lies in identifying aggressive semantic dominants of the post-war Soviet press. It has been established that speech aggression in analyzed texts is expressed with the help of lexemes denoting certain ideologies, aggressive and military actions, crimes and criminals, desire for enrichment, non-compliance with law, violation of communicative behavior, social and economic problems, negative emotions and negative evaluation. The prospects for further studies in the direction are indicated: identifying language means of expressing aggression in the press of other periods, as well as studying strategic and tactical dominants of aggressive speech behavior in the articles of different genres and on different topics.

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the British socio-political discourse functioning in the relation towards Russia and its foreign policy on the eve of the First World War. Based on the materials related to the Persian question and the activities of the Persia Committee, it was shown that a significant part of the British public opinion was biased against Russia, even after the signing of the 1907 Convention. Such invective approach had a direct and indirect impact on the policy of Foreign Office. At the same time, these British discursive practices were accepted by Russian public opinion as a constant in the mutual relations of the two Empires. Moreover, there was a tendency in Russian press to use the British Other (accusing and rebuking) as a convenient tool for affirming their own ideas and positions. Commenting on various British accusations and reproaches, Russian publicists appealed to their own government, hinting that the latter pays more attention to the British public opinion than to the interests of Russia. The government, for its part, used the appeal to Russian public opinion as an argument in its disputes with London. Thus, during the period under review, in Russia it was learned how to use the British approach to it as to a convenient Other in its own interests.

This article examines Irish writer Alan McMonagle’s use of dark satire in his debut novel Ithaca (2017), which presents the story of Jason, a vulnerable child who meets another of society’s scapegoats, an unnamed “girl at the swamp”, and whose friendship offers an escape from the misery of life in the bog hole they call home. McMonagle’s invective finds external expression in his comic blasting of social constructions based on gender and class stereotypes in the Irish literary tradition. His engagement with the absurd sometimes takes the form of humorous and ribald satire, and sometimes lends his work tones of existential tragedy. The purpose of this article is to highlight his mediating role as a satirical writer who, in holding a mirror up to politics, reveals the psychological pain of Irish society and offers an original perspective on social inclusion and change in the Irish context.

At the fringes of an increasingly hegemonic platform economy, there exists another web of anonymous forums and image boards whose unique “mask culture” the article aims to deconstruct by tracing its roots in the cyber-separationist imaginary of early internet culture, in a way that can be seen to undermine the new “face culture” of social media platforms like Facebook. The practices that characterize this “deep vernacular web” are anti- and impersonal rather than personal, ephemeral and aleatory rather than persistent and predictable, collective rather than individual, stranger-rather than friend-oriented, and radically public and contagious rather than privatized, filtered, and contained. Characterized by its ephemerality and anonymity, and preoccupied with dissimulative identity play, memes, and trolling, the set of subcultural attitudes that characterizes this part of the web can be summarized by the ironic and intentionally misspelled phrase “Teh internet is serious business.” By exploring the vernacular significance of this saying and how it can be seen to articulate an oppositional attitude to the currently hegemonic platform culture, this article simultaneously aims to contribute to contemporary debates on the reactionary turn in internet culture associated with the global rise of the alt-right.

„Psy i okaleczeńcy”. Translating Paul’s Invectives against Judaizers (Gal. 3:3; Phil. 3:2) Insults (contumelia) and invectives (invectiva oratio) were known to inspired authors, but their overtones in modern translations usually lose their strength. Should a translator avoid harsh words contained in the original invectives, or should he remain faithful to them? It is shown by analyzing Paul’s invectives in Phil. 3:2 and in Gal. 3:1.3. The author claims that: 1) avoiding the invectives in the translation weakens a message of the original text (Gal. 3:1.3); 2) the translational consistency (“źli pracownicy”; Phil. 3:2) favors understanding of the invectives; 3) the invectives that exist in Polish, when their scope deviates from the Greek original, require clarification in footnotes (“psy”; Phil. 3:2); 4) the multitude of hapax legomena in the Bible justifies the use of neologisms, as long as they accurately reflect the content of the original (“przerzezanie”; Phil. 3:2).

The article is devoted to the role of experiment in the process of discourse formation as a linguistic phenomenon. The object of the study is the discourse initiated by the largest Austrian writer of the twentieth century, Robert Musil. The aim of the study is a discursive analysis of the philological and literary-critical interpretations of the novel “A Man Without Qualities”, which is a central fragment of the “Musil’s Discourse”. It is noted that the Musil’s discourse unfolding during the century, is formed by numerous participants representing various groups of subjects: literary scholars, writers, cultural experts, psychologists and literary critics. Particular attention is paid to the bipolar structure of the Musil’s discourse as its main characteristic. It is shown that the leading German critic Marcel Reich- Ranicki set a new direction for the development of Musil’s discourse. The results of the analysis of Musil’s discourse at the level of its content, as well as at the levels of strategies and means of implementation are presented. The main strategies of the studied fragment of the discourse are identified - the deconstruction strategy and the conservation strategy, implemented in the tactics of invective, tactics of positive presentation and tactics of support. It is proved that the idea of the experiment laid down by Musil in the basis of the novel “A Man Without Qualities” is transposed to the Musil’s discourse as a whole and turns it into an object of experiment.

Statement of the problem. A number of reasons, both linguistic and other, explain the continuing relevance of ethnonomical issues. This is due to the functions of names and self-names of ethnic societies and their representatives. Therefore, ethnonyms play not only the most important pragmatic role in the identification and auto-identification of individuals and collectives, but can also be actively applied in social, cultural and political processes. It is quite natural that ethnonyms and similar lexico-phraseological units and the nature of their use attract the attention of almost equally both specialists and a wide audience. The purpose of the article is to analyze the modern nature of the use of the ethnonym Russian (russkiy), the ethatonym the Russian (rossiyanin), the adjective Russian (russkiy) in the texts on political subjects and determine the most likely direction of their use. The research materials are the texts of political speeches in the media, and the contextual and discursive methods used in their analysis have firmly established themselves as scientifically effective. Research results. The words Russian (russkiy), Russian (rossiyskiy), the Russian (rossiyanin) which, judging by many examples, are in a condition of the competition with each other. Moreover, such relationships between these lexemes are not accidental, but over the past three decades have been consistently designed in the discourse of the Russian media. It can already be said that the ethnonym Russian (russkiy) is in many cases negatively marked (due to the previously formed invective connotation of the adjective Russian (russkiy)) and replaced by the ethatonym the Russian (rossiyanin), and the adjective Russian (rossiyskiy) is introduced as allegedly semantically equivalent to the adjective Russian (russkiy). As sources of actual material, texts of political statements are used, due to the high power status of their addressers, which are required to possess significant public resonance and, accordingly, likely influence on speech preferences of many addressees. Conclusion. Information and propaganda operations carried out by replacing a substantivized adjective Russian (russkiy) with an artificially reanimated noun the Russian (rossiyanin), on the one hand, and replacing the adjective Russian (russkiy) by the adjective Russian (rossiyskiy), on the other, have a common vector. This is a radical minimization of national identity of most indigenous speakers of the Russian language. The author,s contribution consists in describing the problem, collecting and analyzing the language material

The Stoudite monk Niketas Stethatos played an important role in the religious life of Constantinople. Of particular importance are his Spiritual Centuries. In-depth analysis of this text reveals that it not only contains teachings about various aspects of spirituality. Niketas also makes numerous statements about the role of the mystic within society, which have no precedent in earlier spiritual literature. These statements are surprisingly specific and reflect Niketas’ self-image as a charismatic, his attempts to establish himself as an authoritative teacher of the Constantinopolitan populace, and his bitter feuds with those who opposed his activities.

Sixteenth-century discourse is filled with criticisms about the ambition of women and the proletariat. This article explores the connection between gender, ambition, authority, reputation, and the language of condemnation at the Jacobean court. It argues that the prevailing rhetoric vilifying female ambition reflects contemporaneous anxieties about female dominance and authority. In turn, male invective, libel, and slander, directed toward politically active elite women, represent men’s attempts to re-exert their authority over women perceived to be subverting established hierarchies of power. By tracing the use of invective in letters, court poetry, and moral essays, this paper reveals the ways in which abusive language was used to damage women’s reputations in order to establish and maintain male authority over women and other men in the court of James VI/I.

El fitónimo latino sillybus, “cierto cardo”, había sido propuesto como étimo del esp. jilguero, pero fue desechado por Menéndez Pidal y Corominas, que llegaron a poner en duda la existencia misma del fitónimo para el latín de Hispania dada la falta de testimonio escrito. En el presente artículo se ha utilizado el árabe como comprobación alternativa, ya que no había testimonio latino, y se ha buscado en los repertorios árabes medievales de botánica. El fitónimo se encuentra, pero la presencia de alteraciones gráficas y erratas de lectura indican que se trata de un término libresco y no popular. Sin embargo, la evidencia de topónimos andalusíes derivados de *sillybarium, “carduzal”, ha venido a corroborar la propuesta inicial y, además, contribuye a explicar topónimos como Chirivella (Valencia) o Chirivel (Almería), que habían recibido interpretaciones erróneas. El alcance de este étimo llega hasta el habla coloquial y arroja nueva luz sobre términos de improperio malsonantes de etimología incierta, como pudiera ser toda una familia de expresiones de la que formaría parte el discutido gilipollas.

In his Philippics Cicero more than once refers to Fadia, whom he depicts as Antony's wife, and to the children she bore him. He also discusses Fadia in his correspondence with Atticus. Plutarch was aware of the Philippics and much of Cicero's correspondence, and therefore of Fadia, and yet, in his Life of Antony, he says nothing about her. This paper examines three possible explanations for the biographer's silence: (i) an informed sensibility regarding the historical value of invective; (ii) the narrative design of this Life and its contribution to Plutarch's characterisation of Antony; (iii) Plutarch's (disturbing by contemporary standards) disapproval of an aristocrat's siring children on women of the lower orders – even by way of legitimate marriage or concubinage. It is, it appears, the ensemble of these factors which excludes Fadia from Plutarch's biography, and the pertinence of each adds to our appreciation of Plutarch's biographical principles.

This article investigates how civic discourse connects the virtue of citizens and the fortunes of cities in a variety of late antique and early medieval sources in the post-Roman west. It reveals how cities assume human qualities through the rhetorical technique of personification and, crucially, the ways in which individuals and communities likewise are described with civic terminology. It also analyzes the ways in which the city and the civic community are made to speak to one another at times of crisis and celebration. By examining a diverse range of sources including epideictic poetry, chronicles, hagiographies, and epigraphic inscriptions, this article addresses multiple modes of late antique and early medieval thought that utilize civic discourse. It first explores how late antique and early medieval authors employed civic discourse in non-urban contexts, including how they conceptualized the interior construction of an individual's mind and soul as a fortified citadel, how they praised ecclesiastical and secular leaders as city structures, and how they extended civic terminology to the preeminently non-urban space of the monastery. The article then examines how personified cities spoke to their citizens and how citizens could join their cities in song through urban procession. Civic encomia and invective further illustrate how medieval authors sought to unify the virtuous conduct of citizens with the ultimate fate of the city's security. The article concludes with a historical and epigraphic case study of two programs of mural construction in ninth-century Rome. Ultimately, this article argues that the repeated and emphatic exhortations to civic virtue provide access to how late antique and early medieval authors sought to intertwine the fate of the city with the conduct of her citizens, in order to persuade their audiences to act in accordance with the precepts of virtue.

В статье рассматриваются различные способы достижения комического эффекта (КЭ) в рамках юмористической коммуникации, некоторые из которых предполагают наличие механизма двойного декодирования (МДД). При помощи этого механизма в результате сопоставления двух образов происходит создание КЭ. МДД можно наблюдать при использовании таких приемов, как сравнение, гипербола или сарказм. Существуют и другие способы достижения КЭ, не предполагающие наличие МДД. К таким относятся инвективы и англицизмы. Инвективы – эмоционально окрашенные и социально маркированные единицы, провоцирующие смеховую реакцию в силу табуированности. Англицизмы являются инородными единицами в языке, использование которых увеличивает экспрессивность высказывания. Делается вывод о разнообразии средств достижения комического эффекта и необходимости их анализа и сопоставления с таковыми в других языках. Результаты исследования могут применяться в преподавании различных дисциплин, а также при проведении лингвокультурологических исследований., The article considers different ways of producing comic effect (CE) in humoristic communication, some of which imply the presence of double decoding mechanism (DDM). Thanks to this mechanism comparing two images CE is created. DDM can be observed in contexts where there is comparison, hyperbole or sarcasm. There are also different ways of creating CE that do not consider the DDM. These are invectives and anglicisms. Invectives are emotionally colored and socially marked items; their use draws the laughing reaction because of their taboo condition. Anglicisms represent alien units in the language that increase the expressiveness of the utterance. The article concludes that there is a range of different ways of producing comic effect and that it is essential to analyze those ways in other languages. The results of the research can be used in teaching of different disciplines and can also be applied in culture-linguistic research.

The paper focuses on the fi gurative, style, and genre characteristics of B. Hrinchenko’s poetry. Three stages have been distinguished: early poetry of the 1880s, poems of the 1890s, and those of the1900s. The fi rst period is marked by a thematic and formal imitation of T. Shevchenko, I. Manzhura, V. Zabila, etc., and yet the originality of poetic talent, attested by the poems “The Tiller”, “Sad Views”, and others, is evident. In terms of genre and style, the civic poetry prevails, in which the leading motive is work, sometimes interpreted as commitment to the benefit of others (1880s), and sometimes as an immanent internal need of an individual (1900s). The researcher traces the dynamics of the lyric hero, being defi ned mostly by the moral imperative. In B. Hrinchenko’s poetry of the late 1890s, philosophy and sensuality deepened, and as a consequence the lyrical hero changed; the strong-willed personality with a neo-romantic outlook emerges. The topicality of neo-romantic ideas for the poet is indicated by the interpretation of the motive of spiritual leadership, as a feature that characterizes someone who is able to elevate others to his level. The syncretism of the types of artistic understanding of reality is evident in Hrinchenko’s poems. The poems of the 1880s and 1890s were dominated by the positivist worldview, and the poetry at the turn of the century was rather focused on the subjective and emotional, neo-romantic perception of the world, although not devoid of the ‘two worlds’ concept of the late romanticism. Meditative and epical lyrics noticeably prevail in Hrinchenko’s genre system, due both to the thematic material and the focus on the reader. The most frequent were reflection, appeal, invective, and song genres, mainly romance, for example “The Soul is Burning, and the Heart is Singing.” Knowledge of folklore, interest in the Cossack era and the history of the Cossack state gave Hrinchenko material for his works; he wrote about twenty poems interpreting the history of Ukraine.

Orientador: Antonio Alcir Bernardez Pecora Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo oferecer a primeira tradução para o português da obra latina Invective contra Medicum, de Francesco Petrarca, acompanhada de comentários, de um estudo sobre o texto, e de dois anexos que compreendem a tradução do prefácio escrito pelo então bispo de Paris, Etienne Tempier, ao Sílabo condenatório de 1277, e a tradução dos artigos referidos por Petrarca nestas Invectivas. O estudo introdutório, intitulado O homem e o cão, propõe uma interpretação da construção ética da personagem do médico e, conseqüentemente, do próprio ethos do poeta, definido em oposição ao caráter do seu adversário. A partir da caracterização do médico, Petrarca combate o aristotelismo dos mestres de artes de Paris, reafirma o valor de uma sabedoria moral cristã, fundada num costume filosófico que define a filosofia como meditação sobre a morte, e estabelece a si mesmo como modelo de virtude Abstract: This research intends to offer the first Portuguese translation of Francesco Petrarch¿s Latin work Invective contra medicum, followed by notes from a study about the text, and two appendices that comprise the translation of the preface written by the Paris¿ bishop at the time, Etienne Tempier, to the Condemnation Syllabus of 1277, and the translation of some articles mentioned by Petrarch in these invectives. The introductory study, named The man and the dog, proposes an interpretation of the physician¿s ethical construction and, consequently, of the poet¿s ethos itself, defined in opposition to his adversary¿s character. From the physician¿s characterization, Petrarch attacks the aristotelism of the art masters of Paris, restates the value of a Christian moral wisdom founded on a philosophical usage of defining philosophy as meditation about death, and establishes himself as a virtue model Doutorado Teoria e Crítica Literária Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

The chapter is a case study of Byzantine learned rhetoric in action, and some of the complications that one faces when one applies the concept of “genre” to Byzantine rhetoric. The test case is the invective, in Greek ψόγος, from the perspective of Byzantine rhetorical education and practice. After a series of general observations on rhetorical definitions of the “invective,” as well as on the fact that the invective resembles more a rhetorical “mode,” which is present in a variety of “genres,” than a “genre” per se, the chapter reviews a few representative related texts from the middle and late Byzantine period.

This chapter gives an overview of how Byzantines conceptualized “poetry.” It argues that from the Byzantine point of view, poetry only differs from prose in a very formal way, namely that it is written in verse. Both prose and poetry belonged to the category of logoi, the only label that was very frequently used, in contrast to the term “poetry,” which was reserved for the ancient poetry studied at schools. Many authors considered (and exploited) the difference between their own prose texts and poems as a primarily formal one. Nevertheless, poetry did have some functions that set it apart from prose, even if these features are for us less expected. The quality of “bound speech” gained a spiritual dimension, since verse was seen as a restrained form of discourse, also from a moral point of view. Finally, the chapter gives a brief overview of the social contexts for which (learned) poetry was the medium of choice: as an inscription, as paratext in a wide sense, as a piece of personal introspection, as invective, as summaries (often of a didactic nature), and as highly public ceremonial pieces.

The article focuses on the dispute in writing between Demian Bedny and Artyom Vesyoly: namely, on D. Bedny’s invective ‘While we were thinking…’ [‘A my-to dumali…’], published in Izvestiyain 1928, and A. Vesyoly’s response ‘My answer to the literary hero’ [‘Moy otvet literaturnomu geroyu’], circulated the same year as a letter to literary organizations and editorial offices of periodicals. Using this hitherto unpublished material, the article compares Bedny’s feuilleton with Vesyoly’s epistolary response and characterizes the two authors’ social standing and beliefs, their creative principles and fates. Elevated to the rank of ‘the great proletarian writer’, second only to M. Gorky and bestowed with numerous awards, D. Bedny was losing every trace of artistic individuality under the heavy pressure of political and moral conformism. Whereas A. Vesyoly, a rebel and romantic, rejected conformism and was determined to follow his own path of searching and daring experimentation. The dispute between the two authors about the nature of talent and the integrity of a writer was finally resolved by a ‘mediation court’; time was the ultimate arbiter.

This article approaches HBO’s Veep through the lens of what Dan Hassler-Forest (2014) has described as the meta-genre of ‘Quality TV.’ Against the backdrop of ‘Quality TV’s’ conspicuous investment in masculinity, I ask how Veep actualizes the meta-genre’s conventions of moral ambiguity and sensationalist storytelling around a female protagonist and in the genre of comedy. I focus on one key strategy I see the show employ in this actualization, a strategy I conceptualize as invective spectacle. In Veep, invective spectacle translates ‘Quality TV’s’ characteristic transgressiveness into the conventions of comedy and, in the process, constructs the figure of a morally ambiguous antiheroine. The dynamics of invective spectacle – as a poetics that appears to be booming in contemporary television culture – structure the show’s elaboration of a complex female protagonist as a morally flawed woman of power.

On August 14, 2017, Breitbart News, a right wing populist US-based website, published a story about Princeton University’s DAN 312: “Fat – The ‘F’ Word and the Public Body,” my interdisciplinary hu...

“Attend thee, go play thee”, as indicated by the title it is given in the mid-Tudor ballad collection, A Handful of Pleasant Delights – “The scoffe of a Ladie, as pretie as may be, to a yong man that went a wooing” – is an example of female-voiced invective or flyting. While early modern female-voiced complaint has attracted a wealth of critical work, little attention has been paid to the female-voiced scoff. The comic scoff is pitched at a lower social register than that which conventionally characterizes the more courtly love complaint. It thereby provides evidence for a wider social range of female voices in lyric verse and song. Moreover, this scoff is especially significant because it draws much-needed attention to the status of the non-elite working woman’s voice in performance, raising questions about how working subjectivities were fashioned and deployed. Such metaphors of voice are, of course, highly mediated, and not transparent windows onto the lived experience of women or forthright expressions of agency. Yet, by attending to the complex relationship between gender, genre, voice and embodiment, it is possible to address these difficult questions of historical agency.

The article is devoted the study of methods and techniques of invective language transformation in political discourse. The paper describes psychological and linguistic approaches to the analysis of profanity. The article deals with the verbal features of invective vocabulary in modern political discourse. This study, based on the material of the American, British and Russian political discourse of recent years and allows us to draw conclusions about some of the features in the modern political discourse. The following research methods are used: functional and semantic analysis, contextual analysis, elements of discourse and component analysis, general scientific conceptual modeling, descriptive (observation, interpretation and generalization) and comparative method. It is established that invective vocabulary is used as a means of speech aggression and of establishment of successful interpersonal interaction in situations of contactless communication, where it can express negative and positive emotions and assessments. Invective vocabulary has a number of functional and pragmatic features that should be considered in intercultural communication and translation theory. The sphere of realizing of obscene language in English linguoculture is wider than in Russian, which is revealed in the high tolerance and degree of tolerance to its use, including in political discourse.