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As Engineering Education Research (EER) develops as a discipline it is necessary for EER scholars to contribute to the development of learning theory rather than simply being informed by it. It has been suggested that to do this effectively will require partnerships between Engineering scholars and psychologists, education researchers, including other social scientists. The formation of such partnerships is particularly important when considering the introduction of business-related skills into engineering curriculum designed to prepare 21st Century Engineering Students for workplace challenges. In order to encourage scholars beyond Engineering to engage with EER, it is necessary to provide an introduction to the complexities of EER. With this aim in mind, this paper provides an outline review of what is considered rigorous research from an EER perspective as well as highlighting some of the core methodological traditions of EER. The paper aims to facilitate further discussion between EER scholars and researchers from other disciplines, ultimately leading to future collaboration on innovative and rigorous EER., Engineering Education Research Network (EERN)

International audience; The notion of competence includes the technical skills that professionals must master in order to carry out their work, as well as the behavioural skills that enable them to manage the relational dimension of their activity as well as possible. In addition to these two types of knowledge, we recommend competences for a third type of skill, called the "business". This consists of mastering the company's strategy and businesses. On the basis of these three components of the notion of competencies of the information systems function, we are going to draw up a questionnaire aimed at evaluating the competencies of the information systems function.; La notion de compétence comprend le savoir technique que le professionnel doit maîtriser pour exercer son métier mais également des savoirs comportementaux qui lui permettent de gérer au mieux la dimension relationnelle de son activité. À ces deux savoirs, nous préconisons des compétences pour un troisième savoir qualifié de « métier ». Cela consiste à maîtriser la stratégie et les métiers de l'entreprise. A partir de ces trois composantes de la notion de compétences de la fonction des systèmes d'information, nous allons établir un questionnaire visant à évaluer les compétences de la fonction des systèmes d'information.

This review paper intends to show the theoretical relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and learning as well as Entrepreneurs' Skills that include Technical, Organization Administration Skills and Individual Business Abilities. To understand new-age businesses and new business models, entrepreneurship has become one of the most popular subjects being pursued by college students and working executives. Entrepreneurship education has been integrated into the curriculum of the top business schools in India. Interestingly after impacting regular curriculum at engineering and management education, schools are now actively adapting as well. The term Entrepreneurship should evolve from “willingness to take risks” to be more about “innovative way of thinking, planning, and organizing’ to contribute and professional manage new form of business ventures. The whole idea is to keep evolving and survive in a competitive global marketplace. The theoretical literary works testimonial helps to understand the entrepreneurial skills as well as entrepreneurship education. A systematic review approach was selected to check out the entrepreneurship education and learning as well as business owners' skills. However, business owner education plays a crucial and also important function in giving the essential abilities for a business owner to operate their daily service requirements, and also just how to encounter barriers as well as difficulties that will face them throughout their business live. This research study must relate to Higher Education Institutions considering territories in Entrepreneurship Education and learning for encouraging Entrepreneurial Abilities.

This review paper intends to show the theoretical relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and learning as well as Entrepreneurs' Skills that include Technical, Organization Administration Skills and Individual Business Abilities. To understand new-age businesses and new business models, entrepreneurship has become one of the most popular subjects being pursued by college students and working executives. Entrepreneurship education has been integrated into the curriculum of the top business schools in India. Interestingly after impacting regular curriculum at engineering and management education, schools are now actively adapting as well. The term Entrepreneurship should evolve from “willingness to take risks” to be more about “innovative way of thinking, planning, and organizing’ to contribute and professional manage new form of business ventures. The whole idea is to keep evolving and survive in a competitive global marketplace. The theoretical literary works testimonial helps to understand the entrepreneurial skills as well as entrepreneurship education. A systematic review approach was selected to check out the entrepreneurship education and learning as well as business owners' skills. However, business owner education plays a crucial and also important function in giving the essential abilities for a business owner to operate their daily service requirements, and also just how to encounter barriers as well as difficulties that will face them throughout their business live. This research study must relate to Higher Education Institutions considering territories in Entrepreneurship Education and learningfor encouraging Entrepreneurial Abilities.

This paper investigates networking and related activities for marketing performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for the sustainable development and the preservation of the environment. These SMEs have limited business skills and knowledge, and don`t have any marketing funds. As a clearly growing trend aspect in business, networking approaches were blended to find approaches to help these SMEs to take their market niche. Thirty-seven (37) SMEs were used as a convenience sample to experiment with the concepts. They were investigated on what could optimize marketing results and what could offset marketing benefits. The paper finds out that networking provides effective marketing when is modeled under crowdsourcing. Options for crowdsourcing could also involve local organizations in the marketing networks. SMEs should document their activities for proper accountability and transparency. They should also use incentives to volunteers and crowdsourcing participants by giving them shares and be proactive in their approaches. Further, SME practitioners should require them to learn business skills.

The music industry is shifting away from the traditional concert in traditional venues. New and innovative concert experiences are beginning to be designed to continue to find ways to speak to new audiences. As a musician, entrepreneurial skills are becoming more and more mandatory in creating a long-lasting career. Despite the thousands of people who graduate around the country with a music degree each year, the number of traditional music jobs as a major symphony orchestra member or touring soloist are becoming more and more difficult to land, causing many graduates to have to find work in a different field in the interim or as a long-term solution. Unfortunately, a study done by the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project's (SNAAP) 2017 Annual Report: Arts in Alumni in Their Communities identifies major gaps in music curriculum in teaching career-building skills for musicians to flourish in creating their own career. Astrid Baumgardner, Lecturer & Head of Office of Career Strategies at Yale University School of Music, said, "Success in the music world today is not a linear process. Rather, it is highly creative and requires that musicians master a lot of skills on top of their musical talent." This project walks through business skills that musicians need to know in order create their own careers such as creating a business plan, developing an entrepreneurial mindset, financing a venture, forming a legal entity, and creating value for a targeted market. In addition to the information provided, there are also activities that students can participate in to further their knowledge and skill.

This paper is concerned with the necessity to educate technicians in an efficient and practical way for the sustainable development - and in consequence for a greater impact in society - of renewable energies. This efficient and practical education can be found in the successful german dual education-system called “Duale Ausbildung”. Its essence lies in the fact that it combines theory and praxis in a simultaneous way. The paper will explain how the dual education-system works and show why it is a reliable and sustainable way to train technicians in renewable energies in Mexico.

The article presents a view of current happenings in the business and economic environment that are significantly influencing the knowledge requirements of modern accountants both worldwide and locally. First, we define the specific skills accountants are required to have apart from an in-depth expert knowledge of accounting. These skills have set the final boundary between accounting and ookkeeping. Later, the perspectives of certified accountants in Great Britain and Slovenia, as well as accountants working for Slovenian hotel enterprises are presented as regards the key factors influencing a change in accountants' tasks. Finally, the skills of modern accountants are presented, along with the underlying education and training system needed for gaining the title of a certified accountant.

The importance of conservation agriculture (CA) is discussed in the context of producing food for a growing population while, at the same time, conserving and improving the natural resource base: sustainable crop production intensification. CA requires mechanization, and the necessary equipment may be beyond the reach of the majority of smallholder farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. A logical solution to this situation is to provide CA mechanization services from private sector entrepreneurs. These will be well-equipped with appropriate CA equipment and will usually benefit from specific training on the technical aspects of CA machinery operation and on the business skills needed to run a profitable venture. The technical skills to be reinforced include: equipment selection, calibration of planters, seeders and sprayers, field operation, maintenance and repair. Business skills needed include: market research and feasibility studies, business planning, calculation of operational costs, partial budgets, break-even points and cash flows. The case is made for local manufacture to reduce the costs of machinery acquisition and to encourage local adaptation. Start-up costs are discussed together with the options of obtaining finance. Guidelines for marketing and managing the mechanization service provision business are developed. These include the importance of contracts, work planning, regular maintenance schedules and record keeping. Finally the most appropriate vehicle for delivering the training and sustaining support is considered. Formal training courses are a good starting point, but can be expensive to organize and execute. Individual counselling from extension sources is a viable option when the quality of the service is high enough. Study groups of involved entrepreneurs should be encouraged and supported to overcome the problems that will inevitably arise in new business ventures.

This study was to identify the role of technical and vocational training in entrepreneurship development and business skills in the main office of B. province technical and vocational training. The corelational study was conducted. The population consisted of 1500 apprentices among which 420 persons were randomly selected according to Cochran formula based on a systematic sampling method. Data is gathered via a researcher-structured questionnaire containing 35 items based on Likert scale. Content validity and Cronbach’S Alpha (α=/94) are used. The data was analysed using SPSS software. The descriptive and inferential statistics are also used to examined the hypotheses. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between technical and vocational training and dimensions of entrepreneurship in the apprentices that includes: technical and vocational training, knowledge and technical ability, success seeking. Key Words : entrepreneurship, creativity, business skills, technical and vocational training

The changing role of veterinarians in the global market is a current topic of debate and discussion. Few countries including South Africa have formally examined the changing dynamics of this profession. Therefore, the present study addressed 2 objectives. The 1st was to examine basic information about veterinarians in South Africa including their age, gender and distribution across provinces, the percentage whose practice was urban, rural or periurban, the numbers working with specific animal species, and the extent of business management and skills previously gained. The 2nd objective was to obtain opinions and insights from veterinarians in South Africa about the challenges and opportunities facing their business practices to better understand what they considered important dynamics to their businesses today. Several areas of business on which they were questioned and which were included in this study were: marketing, vision,humanresources, leadership, financial management, ethics, competition, day-to-day operations, interpersonal skills and information management. This is the 1st known survey to employ a questionnaire to gain insights and opinions from veterinarians about business management skills.

Changes in society and dissatisfaction with current educational practices have led to changes in undergraduate veterinary curricula. New approaches that are thought to better prepare students for future professional veterinary practice are being introduced. One such change is a transition from conventional teacher-centred curricula to student-centred curricula. In student-centred curricula, students are actively involved in learning and teachers not only transmit knowledge but help students to obtain a deep understanding. Furthermore, learning within these curricula takes place in a multi-disciplinary context which is more relevant for the future of the profession. Another change is that more emphasis is put on training in academic skills, for instance, by establishing research internships. Finally, a new emphasis is being placed on training in more generic competencies, such as communication and business skills. These changes are assumed to better suit the profile of veterinary students today and in the future and to better prepare them for future veterinary practice.

The present-day status of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and its role in the growing multilingualism of European societies warrant rethinking language curricula and syllabi. This research study aims to inform foreign language teaching practice in non-philological programmes. Data on students' beliefs about / attitudes to English was collected on a sample of 689 business students using a questionnaire (closed-type and open items) based on Erling. Findings on students' attitudes and beliefs were contrasted with the quantitative data about efforts students reportedly invest into mastering various aspects of language skills and knowledge, such as fluent and grammatically correct speech, terminology, academic and professional writing skills etc. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: The majority of respondents explain the current status of English by globalization processes and believe that all adult Europeans should be able to use English as a lingua franca. They show little concern for national language norms and see English as relatively easy to learn. Over 70% of respondents do not identify with any ENL culture and 55% prefer a culturally neutral to the national varieties, which explains the prevailing perception (85%) of English as a mere tool for professional and intercultural communication. Nevertheless, students report investing the most effort into reading and listening comprehension, paying far less attention to professional writing skills and terminology. These and other inconsistencies between respondents' learning priorities and behaviour give us cause for concern. Not only should teachers address the needs of students who see English as a tool for intercultural professional communication, but they should also help students to align their learning goals and behavior by enhancing their understanding/awareness of linguistic, social and professional issues involved.

El presente artículo analizó la aplicación de simuladores de negocios y de metodologías de participativas en una escuela de negocios; ello permite comprender y experimentar casos asociados a todas las variables que se manejan a nivel organizacional. los estudiantes mediante el uso de simuladores de negocios enfrentaron situaciones de negocios donde aplicaron de una manera experiencial los conocimientos adquiridos para de esta manera mejorar distintas competencias como son diseño de estrategias, solución de problemas y toma de decisiones gerenciales. para lograr este objetivo, previo al inicio de la aplicación de los simuladores se implementó una evaluación de entrada con el fin de medir el nivel de cada una de las competencias definidas, luego se utilizó como herramienta metodológica el simulador Business Global, relevante para el área de mercadeo y se finalizó nuevamente con la aplicación de una evaluación de salida para de esta manera medir la evolución de las competencias monitoreadas en el presente estudio. esta investigación se realizó en la facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y recursos Humanos de la universidad de San martín de porres y permitió, mediante la aplicación de un simulador de negocios, generar dinámicas interactivas que posibilitaron incrementar las competencias gerenciales en los estudiantes de la facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y recursos Humanos, logrando de esta manera fomentar el aprendizaje activo y la excelencia académica., This article analyzed the application of business simulators and participatory methodologies in a Business School; these allow understand and experiment business and associate the variables handled on the organizations. the students, using business simulators, faced business situations where they could apply in an experiential way the acquired knowledge to improve different competences such as strategy design, problem solving and managerial decision making. to achieve this objective, prior to the start of the application of the simulators, an entry evaluation was implemented in order to measure the level of each of the defined competencies. Business Global simulator was used as a methodological tool of marketing and it was finalized again with the application of an exit evaluation to measure the evolution of the competencies monitored in this study. this research was carried out at the faculty of Administrative Sciences and Human resources of the university of San martín de porres and allowed, through the application of a business simulator, to generate interactive dynamics. these dynamics made possible the incretion of managerial competencies in the students of the faculty, achieving in this way to promote active learning and academic excellence.