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Intellectual Properties reuse has gained widespread acceptance in System-On-Chip design to manage the complexity and shorten the time-to-market. However the need for a standard representation that permits IPs classification, characterization, and integration is still a big challenge. To address this problem, we propose to develop an IPs reuse specific ontology that facilitates IPs reuse at many levels of abstraction and independently from any design language or tool. Our ontology is built using the Protégé-OWL tool

Building information modelling (BIM) represents a workflow whose application on a construction project will enable all involved players to compile as well as work with information on every aspect of a building in a common model/database. Through BIM, the entire building can be virtually designed and built on a computer. BIM touches every part of a building’s life cycle starting from the design phase well into the construction phase and beyond that into asset management. This research examines the experiences of early adopters of BIM and use that insight to introduce BIM, specially focusing on the structural analysis and design stage of a building. The study demonstrates how all structural design activities can be integrated with each other and how cross-discipline collaboration with the architect can be achieved through the adoption of BIM without leaving ones customary structural design platform. As a demonstration, a sample building is modelled using Revit along with conventional structural software packages ETABS and SAFE. Plugins and applications were developed for these software packages to facilitate interoperability amongst them so that they all act together as a single platform. Modelling, analysis, design and clash detections were facilitated by applying BIM. Major benefits of employing BIM in a structural design project are illustrated through this research.

Traceability links recovery (TLR) has been a topic of interest for many years. However, TLR approaches are based on the latent semantics of the software artifacts, and are not equipped to deal with software artifacts that lack those inherent semantics, such as BPMN models. The aim of this work is to enhance TLR approaches in BPMN models by incorporating the linguistic particularities of BPMN models into the TLR process. Our approach runs through a threefold contribution: (1) we identify the particularities of BPMN models; (2) we describe how to leverage the particularities; and (3) we build three variants of the best exploratory TLR approach which specifically cater to BPMN models. The approach is evaluated through both an academic case study and a real-world industrial case study. The results show that incorporating the particularities of BPMN into the TLR process leads the specific approach to improve the traceability results obtained by generalist approaches, maintaining precision levels and improving recall. The novel findings of this paper suggest that there is a benefit in researching and taking in account the particularities of the different kinds of models in order to optimize the results of TLR between requirements and models, instead of relying on generalist approaches.

Innovation in software is important to both members of the public and the software industry, and involves developing software that is both useful and novel. While novelty has attracted significant interest in relation to physical products, it is not so well studied in the context of software products. In this paper, we aim to help develop our understanding of novelty in software by investigating which kinds of software products are seen as more or less novel; what factors may contribute most to perceptions of novelty in software, and whether members of the public and those involved in software development think in the same ways about these things. Through a study consisting of 3 stages, we identify examples of software products that are seen as original, at time of writing, by both software specialists and members of the public, and also two key factors–use of software in a new context, and use of a new underlying technology, which appear to contribute strongly to perceptions of novelty in software. We briefly discuss the implications of our findings and directions for further work.

This study aims to develop a learning module for Workshop Work and Technical Drawing using EPUB for class X TAV students at SMKN 1 Sutera. This research is a series of processes or activities carried out to produce Workshop Work and Engineering Drawing learning modules using EPUB based on development theory. The purpose of developing a workshop work learning module and technical drawings using the EPUB is to produce a valid and practical learning module. The learning module developed is based on the ADDIE development model, which consists of the analysis, design, and development stages. development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). The first stage, analysis, is to analyze before product development is carried out. The second stage, Design, the design stage begins by determining the main concepts contained in the workshop work and engineering drawing subjects. Then the third stage of Development, carrying out product development through designing the components of the learning module, in this development process carried out is conducting validation tests, and practicality regarding products by experts. Furthermore, the fourth stage is Implementation, the implementation stage can be interpreted as a realization step of the design and development stage. The last stage is the Evaluation stage, which is taking action on the treatment of the learning module with EPUB that has been tested. Based on the validation of the learning module that has been carried out on the media expert validator, the value is 0.94 with a valid interpretation. "Furthermore, for material expert validation, the value is 0.89 with a valid interpretation. So it can be concluded that the developed learning module is feasible to use to improve the learning outcomes of the Workshop Work and Technical Drawing Class X TAV Students at SMK Negeri 1 Sutera. After the learning module is declared valid, then it is followed by practicality testing of teacher respondents who obtained the value practicality of 92.49% with very practical interpretation. While the practicality value based on student respondents was 82.39 with practical interpretation. However, overall practicality is very practical.

This article discusses the issue of processing events on forms when generating software for the barotherapy process for an expert system in order to control the parameters of heart rate variability, making decisions when controlling the modes of the following sessions, taking into account the history. Basic forms. Form event handlers and some functions.

Programming ability is the core ability of this era and can be obtained and improved through practice. In this paper, an Automated Programming Assessment system based on Mastery learning and Peer c...

Messaging Software systems (MSS) are one of the most popular tools used by huge amount of people. They could be used for personal communication and for business purposes. Building an own MSS system requires analysis of the quality attributes and considering adaptation to the changing environment. In this paper an overview of existing MSS architecture was done. Data model was developed to support historical and real time data storage and processing. An own approach to build Adaptive Microservice MSS based on the messaging middleware and NoSQL database was proposed.

In remote villages without access to modern IT technology, simple devices such as smartcards can be used to carry out business transactions. These devices typically store multiple business applications from multiple vendors. Although devices must prevent malicious or accidental security breaches among the applications, a secure communication channel between two applications from different vendors is often required. In this paper, first, we propose a method of establishing secure communication channels between applications in embedded operating systems that run on multi-applet smart cards. Second, we enforce the high assurance using an intransitive noninterference security policy. Thirdly, we formalize the method through the Z language and create the formal specification of the proposed secure system. Finally, we verify its correctness using Rushby's unwinding theorem.

This paper studies the impact of software protection level on software platforms and customers’ responses to different levels of protection. This study models the interplay between users, developers and platforms, and the impact of quality degradation in the presence and absence of competitive platforms. All price structures are affected by protection level and quality degradation level for pirated copies of software. Customers, developers, and platform reaction to the protection and quality degradation levels can be contradictory, because an increase in those parameters may benefit one side, while hindering another. The results confirm that full protection against piracy is not always the best strategy in multisided platforms, but the impact of piracy changes under different scenarios.The results show that decisions regarding optimal security strategies should be taken in a systematic manner by incorporating the perspectives of all involved parties and the important factors extracted from the market within which the platform performs, such as monopoly or competition.

The article considers the principle of operation of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and a method for detecting the focus of a person's attention using event-related potential (P300). The review of the existing hardware and software solutions for the implementation of BCIs was performed including the identification of their advantages and disadvantages. The program that allows you to choose the desired stimulus from a variety of presented was developed.An electroencephalograph of the BiTronics Lab company on the Arduino platform was used to receive the signal. Signal filtering, classifier training and visualization are implemented in Python.

In this article, we address how the production of model transformations (MT) can be accelerated by automation of transformation synthesis from requirements, examples, and metamodels. We introduce a synthesis process based on metamodel matching, correspondence patterns between metamodels, and completeness and consistency analysis of matches. We describe how the limitations of metamodel matching can be addressed by combining matching with automated requirements analysis and model transformation by example (MTBE) techniques. We show that in practical examples a large percentage of required transformation functionality can usually be constructed automatically, thus potentially reducing development effort. We also evaluate the efficiency of synthesised transformations. Our novel contributions are: The concept of correspondence patterns between metamodels of a transformation. Requirements analysis of transformations using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). Symbolic MTBE using “predictive specification” to infer transformations from examples. Transformation generation in multiple MT languages and in Java, from an abstract intermediate language.

Many open-source software projects depend on a few core developers, who take over both the bulk of coordination and programming tasks. They are supported by peripheral developers, who contribute either via discussions or programming tasks, often for a limited time. It is unclear what role these peripheral developers play in the programming and communication efforts, as well as the temporary task-related sub-groups in the projects. We mine code-repository data and mailing-list discussions to model the relationships and contributions of developers in a social network and devise a method to analyze the temporal collaboration structures in communication and programming, learning about the strength and stability of social sub-groups in open-source software projects. Our method uses multi-modal social networks on a series of time windows. Previous work has reduced the network structure representing developer collaboration to networks with only one type of interaction, which impedes the simultaneous analysis of more than one type of interaction. We use both communication and version-control data of open-source software projects and model different types of interaction over time. To demonstrate the practicability of our measurement and analysis method, we investigate 10 substantial and popular open-source software projects and show that, if sub-groups evolve, modeling these sub-groups helps predict the future evolution of interaction levels of programmers and groups of developers. Our method allows maintainers and other stakeholders of open-source software projects to assess instabilities and organizational changes in developer interaction and can be applied to different use cases in organizational analysis, such as understanding the dynamics of a specific incident or discussion.

Sales, product design, and engineering teams benefit immensely from better understanding customer perspectives. How do customers combine a product's technical specifications (i.e., engineered attributes) to form abstract product benefits (i.e., meta-attributes)? To address this question, the authors use machine learning and natural language processing to develop a methodological framework that extracts a hierarchy of product attributes based on contextual information of how attributes are expressed in consumer reviews. The attribute hierarchy reveals linkages between engineered attributes and meta-attributes within a product category, enabling flexible sentiment analysis that can identify how consumers receive meta-attributes, and which engineered attributes are main drivers. The framework can guide managers to monitor only portions of review content that are relevant to specific attributes of interest. Moreover, managers can compare products within and between brands, where different names and attribute combinations are often associated with similar benefits. The authors apply the framework to the tablet computer category to generate dashboards and perceptual maps and provide validations of the attribute hierarchy using both primary and secondary data. Resultant insights allow the exploration of substantive questions, such as how Apple improved successive generations of iPads and why Hewlett-Packard and Toshiba discontinued their tablet product lines.

Journal of intelligent manufacturing (2021). doi:10.1007/s10845-021-01860-6, Published by Springer Science + Business Media B.V, Dordrecht [u.a.]

Incorporation of increased flexibility and adaptivity in courses can support freshmen with taking responsibility for their learning process. This is especially beneficial in the case of chemistry courses given their typically abstract nature and associated need for engaging in practice and higher order thinking. Blended learning can be used to achieve course flexibility and adaptivity, and increased student engagement. Adopting blended learning requires teachers to reconsider and redesign their course setup. The willingness for this will largely be dictated by perceived practicality, however. To this end, our aim is to develop practical redesign guidelines for flexible blended learning. Such guidelines need to be instrumental, congruent, and of 'low cost' for a teacher. The resulting four guidelines were fine-tuned in two phases over 5 years using two introductory chemistry courses and incorporated various blended learning elements, such as slide-cast lectures, live lectures, formative in-cast multiple choice questions, tutorials, formative electronic tutorial questions, and student voting on the course schedule. The outcome of our multiyear endeavor was positive and sustainable by all metrics used, including online engagement by students, learning outcomes, and student evaluations. The teachers in phase II largely embraced the guidelines emerging from phase I, and in their course experienced them predominantly as practical while limitations were also identified. We hope that our guidelines and experiences can provide fellow teachers with a blueprint for practical incorporation of flexibility and adaptivity using blended learning in their chemistry courses.

Serious Games (SGs) are used to support knowledge acquisition and skill development. For this, there is a need to measure the results achieved (both during and after students play) to ensure the game effectiveness. In this context, the aim is to develop and evaluate the AvaliaJS, a conceptual model to structure, guide and support the planning of the design and execution of the student's performance assessment in SGs. AvaliaJS has two artifacts: a canvas model, for high-level planning, and an assessment project document, for more detailed specifications of the canvas. To analyze and exemplify the use of the model, the artifacts were applied to three ready-made games as a proof of concept. In addition, the quality of AvaliaJS was evaluated by experts in SGs development and assessment using a questionnaire. The results of experts' answers confirm a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha α = 0.87) which indicates that AvaliaJS is correct, authentic, consistent, clear, unambiguous and flexible. However, the model will need to be validated during the process of creating a new game to ensure its usability and efficiency. In general, AvaliaJS can be used to support the team in the planning, documentation and development of artifacts and data collection in SGs, as well as in the execution of the assessment, learning measurement and constant and personalized feedback for students.

Research objective is to study the possibility to formally validate whether the model’s software implementation meets all the specified requirements of the systems, the model of which can be represented in the form of finite-state automata. Research relevance. At one of the first stages, the development of software for instrumentation and control systems provides for the creation of the system model. The model is based on the terms of reference, specification, and various a priori information. Most of the models for engineering systems in the modern mining industry (conveyor systems, ventilation systems, etc.) can be described in terms of the finite state automaton model. Such a model can be applied to solve diverse tasks. The next step is to implement the model in whole or in part. In this context, the task arises to determine the model’s software implementation conformity to its initial description. Results. One way to solve the task is to formally prove that the software model possesses the properties which are provided in the specification (description) of the initial model. By the example of the mine conveyor system, the paper illustrates the application of the method which consists in the software implementation of the corresponding finite-state automaton model, forecasting whether the model possesses the properties through theorems and their subsequent proof by applying special software. Conclusions. Formal methods of specification, development, and verification of system models’ software implementation together with other methods make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of solutions under development.

One of the critical factors of project success is the interface management. Past project interface management mainly relies on knowledge and experience of the project managers. The existing studies of project interface management also mainly focused on the definition and the classification of project interfaces. There is no workable and flexible framework for construction interface problem identification and solutions. This study conducted an analogic study of contradiction matrix at Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to develop such a framework. This research collected around six hundred interface management cases from civil works and building projects. For comparison, this research defined an experimental group (TRIZ case) and a control group (experience-oriented solution case) based on the concept of clinical experiments in medical science to evaluate and improve the rationality of the matrix. Subsequently, based upon the theory of information retrieval (IR), this research conducted statistical evaluation and TRIZ features remedies to develop generalized construction interface problem identification and solutions. For solving project management interface problems, the TRIZ-analogic construction interface problem identification and solutions framework provides a systematic approach to develop more robust solutions for interface problems in construction engineering rather than just simply relying on intuitive experience.

With the vigorous development of blockchain technology represented by bitcoin, blockchain technology has gradually entered the stage of blockchain 3.0 characterized by “programmable society”. And the application of blockchain technology in all walks of life has achieved actual results. Blockchain technology has typical characteristics of decentralization, Tamper-resistant data, information openness and transparency, and natural fit with the application requirements in the field of certificate tracing, which makes the development of the applications of blockchain deposit and traceability in full swing. First, this paper describes the concept, application process, key technology of blockchain deposit and traceability, the three application architectures of blockchain deposit and traceability, and the overall architecture of its system. Then, it introduces the application of scenarios and the blockchain deposit and traceability in various fields. Next, it discusses the issues existing in the development of the application of blockchain deposit and traceability. Finally, the paper also expresses the best wishes for the future of its application.

The development process of on-board software applications can benefit from model-driven engineering techniques. Model validation and model transformations can be applied to drive the activities of specification, requirements definition, and system-level validation and verification according to the space software engineering standards ECSS-E-ST-40 and ECSS-Q-ST-80. This paper presents a model-driven approach to completing these activities by avoiding inconsistencies between the documents that support them and providing the ability to automatically generate the system-level validation tests that are run on the Ground Support Equipment and the matrices required to complete the software verification. A demonstrator of the approach has been built using as a proof of concept a subset of the functionality of the software of the control unit of the Energetic Particle Detector instrument on-board Solar Orbiter.

The paper describes a proposal for a software solution to support the creation of a diet plan for a period of eight weeks. In addition to providing services to end users - patients, nutritionists it is made easier to create a plan, as well as use a database with existing recipes. The technologies used in the development of the application solution are presented, as well as the functionalities that are available. Besides that, the possibilities to improve the application are proposed, with the aim of stabilizing the system, interaction with users and profit opportunities.

A software development process comprises all the steps necessary to produce a software product. This research proposes a new process for developing augmented reality serious games (ARSGs), which comprises three phases: analysis, configuration, and generation. The analysis phase involves examining the standard project structure of a typical serious game to identify the applicable actions to which AR content can be added. The configuration phase involves configuring the AR features and the AR library to be integrated into the game structure. Finally, the generation phase entails inserting the AR code in the game structure, as well as all the files necessary to in-corporate AR features in the game. Our process allows generating ARSGs step by step, both easily and rapidly. To implement this process, we propose an ARSG development software architecture. The underlying assumption of this architecture is that software development tools are essential validation elements of the software generation process. By implementing our ARSG development process through a software architecture, we provide users with a formal, automated method for creating ARSGs. The ARSG development process and the architecture, collectively called ZeusAR, are not dependent on specific software development technologies and/or programming languages. To perform a proof-of-concept of our process, we developed an ARSG generator tool based on the proposed architecture and conducted a case study in which geometry ARSGs are developed to help high school students learn about geometric shapes and their properties. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the ZeusAR tool through a System-Usability-Scale (SUS) based survey, which was administered to a group of geometry teachers to evaluate the tool’s characteristics, such as ease of use and ease of configuration. Additionally, a group of software developers and professors assessed the performance of the ZeusAR tool in terms of game development time.

The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for results processing in Moodle electronic system. Methodology: the authors presented formulas for calculating the reliability of the tests used to verify students' training, the description of what is required for monitoring, the actions of the teacher to perform a quality assessment system. The process of calculating the final grade for the course is presented, which will provide the necessary conditions for conducting student knowledge control. Results: in the process of study, it was concluded that modern methods of processing the data used during the control measures in higher education institutions within the framework of the Moodle system contribute to improving the graduates training.

Tradicionalmente, durante la evaluación de un plan de radioterapia se analizan índices dosimétricos de los volúmenes contorneados empleando diversas utilidades comerciales. Para facilitar esta labor repetitiva y tediosa, y adaptarla a cada departamento, el sistema de planificación Eclipse ofrece al usuario la posibilidad de crear programas informáticos (scripts) con la ayuda de una interfaz que explora la información dosimétrica del plan. Presentamos un script de Eclipse realizado con elementos gráficos de Windows para el análisis de planes de radioterapia externa en nuestro hospital. Consideramos que este trabajo puede servir de ejemplo y resultar de utilidad para los profesionales usuarios de Eclipse.

DevOps development strategy is based on lean and agile principles and developed to ensure faster delivery. It ensures the collaboration of all stakeholders in the software development process and incorporates user’s feedback in a faster manner. This strategy is developed to guarantee customer satisfaction, increased business value, reduced time for bagging the feedback and adjusting the deliverables. They identified a requirement of prioritizing security in DevOps and started conferring about security to be embedded in DevOps. This introduced a mission-critical issue in many organizations as it requires breaking down of the barriers of operations and security team and review of many security policies in place. The challenge is to find the best way in DevOps can still perform Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery after implanting security in a DevOps environment. This paper introduces a complete migration framework from DevOps to DevSecOps.This paper also identifies the attributes on which the migration framework can be evaluated.

Recent enhancements in computer aided design and manufacturing have made dentistry workflow more effective. Dental products are highly customized and personalized for patients. So, they require man...

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that today doing business without digitalization is simply impossible, thanks to new technologies, operations have appeared that ten years ago we could not even imagine, and many of the familiar ones, in turn, have been transformed beyond recognition. At the same time, with the growth of the technological complex, corporate architectures continue to rapidly become more complex. The purpose of this study is to develop tools for managing complexity as one of the components of the VUCA world. The experience and evidence of why the leaders of digital transformation need to change their thinking are presented, the author's interpretation of complexity is given and how to manage it. The practical significance of the study will allow organizations to develop a strategy for the formation of a corporate culture in the context of digitalization of business processes.

This study was aimed at developing an automatic exam system as an intelligent and high-quality higher math examination solution for Department of Computer Engineering at Pai Chai University (PCU) based on S/W Engineering. As a research and development (R&D) project, the study used the rational unified process (RUP) method for software development. RUP describes how to effectively use commercial and reliable methods to develop and deploy software system. It is a heavyweight process; therefore, it is particularly suitable for large teams to develop large projects. This paper describes the RUP process of this R&D project what we named it as Automatic Higher Mathematically Exam System (AHMES). AHMES provides a new way to automatically generate exam questions. In the study, our team and the requesting department collected the requirements and selected methods and tools. Then, our team designed and implemented the framework of the system, completed the development of some main functions, tested and summarized the system, and planned the future work.

A formal traceability model is presented with a real-world application of a gray-box penetration test. Such formal traceability improves test effectiveness and efficiency, thus underlining the applicability and value of formal methods in an industry context.

A representation of complex high-tech digital projects is proposed in the form of a directed graph that combines input, output and intermediate data with software modules into a single bundle. This representation makes it possible to consider a digital project as an informational and algorithmic unit of technical and economic interaction that do not require additional acquisition and development of software or hardware. The project in this form is created and operated on a single multi-party cloud platform for high-performance computing, which is accessible to both scientific and engineering personnel of all participants within their access rights. This approach evolves the open innovation concept for digital projects and is implemented as a cloud-based Internet platform. The latter includes a central application server and a repository that stores both algorithms and data, provides means for user registration and maintenance, communication, as well as accounting for the resource usage in form of algorithms and data in solving application problems. As a confirmation of the fundamental adequacy of the proposed approach, a working prototype of such system is presented together with a list of projects in various domain areas implemented using the prototype.

Much has changed about parallel and distributed computing (PDC) since the author began teaching the topic in the late 1990s. This paper reviews some of the key changes to the field and describes their impacts on his work as a PDC educator. Such changes include: the availability of free implementations of the message passing interface (MPI) for distributed-memory multiprocessors; the development of the Beowulf cluster; the advent of multicore architectures; the development of free multithreading languages and libraries such as OpenMP; the availability of (relatively) inexpensive manycore accelerator devices (e.g., GPUs); the availability of free software platforms like CUDA, OpenACC, OpenCL, and OpenMP for using accelerators; the development of inexpensive single board computers (SBCs) like the Raspberry Pi, and other changes. The paper details the evolution of PDC education at the author's institution in response to these changes, including curriculum changes, seven different Beowulf cluster designs, and the development of pedagogical tools and techniques specifically for PDC education. The paper also surveys many of the hardware and software infrastructure options available to PDC educators, provides a strategy for choosing among them, and provides practical advice for PDC pedagogy. Through these discussions, the reader may see how much PDC education has changed over the past two decades, identify some areas of PDC that have remained stable during this same time period, and so gain new insight into how to efficiently invest one's time as a PDC educator.

IEEE Standard 1838-2019 was developed for testing multidie products, enabling design automation tools to add design-for-test facilities and designers to focus on functional innovation.

Software technical debt (TD) is a relevant software engineering problem. Only if properly managed can TD provide benefits while avoiding risks. Current TD management (TDM) support is limited. Recent advances in software engineering (SE) and data science (DS) promote data-driven TDM. In this paper, we summarize experiences concerning data-driven TDM gained in several research projects with industry. We report challenges and their consequences, propose solutions, and sketch improvement directions.

Di tengah pesatnya kemajuan teknologi dan penggunaan internet, Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) sebagai lembaga pemerintah membangun sebuah website untuk kepentingan penyebarluasan informasi dan percepatan komunikasi untuk masyarakat luas. Penelitian ini memfokus pada evaluasi dan perbaikan user interface website resmi BNN menggunakan Usability Testing dan pendekatan Human-Centered Design (HCD). HCD merupakan suatu pendekatan untuk mengembangkan sistem interaktif dengan tujuan agar sistem tersebut dapat dipakai dan berguna. Usability testing adalah proses untuk menguji suatu website untuk mengetahui kemudahan penggunaan oleh pengguna. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi pengguna, analisis kebutuhan pengguna, evaluasi usability testing desain awal, pembuatan desain solusi, dan evaluasi usability testing desain solusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dengan menggunakan metode HCD terdapat peningkatan usability pada aspek efektivitas dan efiesiensi dari desain awal sebesar 96% menjadi 100% pada desain solusi. Selain itu, rata-rata lama waktu pengerjaan juga menjadi lebih cepat dari 45,28 detik untuk desain awal menjadi 9,36 detik untuk desain solusi.

In the world of service-oriented businesses the deployment of services is of utmost importance. On the Web, the service-oriented business has a major impact through Web Application Program Interfaces (APIs). In the field of Web applications, majority of the applications run on the Web/Internet APIs. These APIs are dependent on architecture styles such as Representational State Transfer (REST) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC). Over a decade, REST is widely used for architectural style in API design followed by RPC. These styles are used extensively in various domains. This paper presents the survey of such APIs in the world of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The main contributions of the paper is to provide a ready reference for developing effective and efficient orchestration approaches towards micro services in SDN and NFV domains. The survey aims to help practitioners and researchers in this field to follow guidelines and standards for designing higher quality services.

Presilicon modeling is a crucial and integral part of processor microarchitecture definition and optimization. In this article, I attempt to provide a retrospective view of IBM's POWER and PowerPC microprocessors, through the lens of someone who has been associated with such modeling in support of microarchitecture definition and optimization from the earliest days of this particular family of processors. The focus in the early/mid-1980s was on cycle-accurate performance modeling; much later, beginning in 1999 or so, the looming power wall triggered a new era of power-performance modeling at the microarchitecture level. Subsequently, temperature-aware and reliability-aware modeling were added dimensions that CMOS technology evolution drove us into. The problem of model validation is an unavoidable aspect of presilicon modeling. Without that mindset, the microarchitecture definition team can make serious mistakes, which results in unpleasant postsilicon surprises. I provide pointers to early approaches in addressing this issue. The article attempts to mention the contributions of many talented researchers and engineers that have, over the years, contributed immensely to the evolution of the POWER/PowerPC microprocessors from earliest research concepts through the recently announced POWER10—using model-based analysis to ensure competitive performance growth.

There are three technologies a modern AI-aware software engineer needs to know: data mining, theorem proving, and nonlinear optimization (also called search-based SE). While much of the current industrial AI activity is focused on data mining, these other technologies are starting to achieve prominence. Optimization technology is discussed in the editorial “A Watershed Moment for Search-Based Software Engineering” (see IEEE Software, July-August 2021). Here, we offer a tutorial on theorem proving (what it is, how to use it, how it can sometimes go wrong, and how to fix that).

Contribution: Research has shown that computer science (CS) students who start programming assignments (PAs) early generally receive higher grades. This article presents and evaluates a gamification approach that utilizes software engineering tools to motivate CS students to start and finish PAs earlier. Background: CS can be difficult to learn because students often struggle with errors and how to properly test their code. For these reasons, it is essential that students start their PAs early. Furthermore, software engineering tools, such as version control and unit testing, are increasingly important for students to learn early in their career. Intended Outcomes: This gamification approach aims to motivate CS students to start and complete PAs earlier, as well as instill software engineering best practices. Application Design: To motivate students to start and finish assignments early, an open-source gamification system called the Leaderboard was developed. Using gamified points, the Leaderboard rewards students who pass PA unit tests well before the assignment is due. The system is fully automated using Github Classroom, a build server, and the Moodle learning management system. Findings: Results indicate students who used the Leaderboard did not start assignments significantly earlier; however, they finished assignments earlier, committed code more frequently, and passed more unit tests. The students found the Leaderboard to be motivating and passing unit tests was exciting for them.

In synthetic biology, biological cells and processes are dismantled and reassembled to make novel systems that do useful things. Designs are encoded by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); DNA makes biological (bio-)parts; bioparts are combined to make devices; devices are built into biological systems. Computers are used at all stages of the Design–Build–Test–Learn cycle, from mathematical modelling through to the use of robots for the automation of assembly and experimentation. Synthetic biology applies engineering principles of standardisation, modularity, and abstraction, enabling fast prototyping and the ready exchange of designs between synthetic biologists working around the world. Like toy building blocks, compatible modular designs enable bioparts to be combined and optimised easily; biopart specifications are shared in open registries. Synthetic biology is made possible due to major advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies, and through knowledge gleaned in the field of systems biology. Systems biology aims to understand biology across scales, from the molecular and cellular, up to tissues and organisms, and describes cells as complex information-processing systems. By contrast, synthetic biology seeks to design and build its own systems. Applications of synthetic biology are wide-ranging but include impacting healthcare to improve diagnosis and make better treatments for disease; it seeks to improve the environment by finding novel ways to clean up pollution, make industrial processes for chemical synthesis sustainable, and remove the need for damaging farming practices by making better fertilisers. Synthetic biology has the potential to change the way we live and help us to protect the future of our planet.