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A scoping review of literature to out existing issues, guidance, and gaps in research in involving people with Intellectual disability. With an aim of identifying potential solutions and therefore providing solid scientific and social value for research participation.

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Report for Disability Research and Data Working Group.

Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to theSchool of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora.

This narrative synthesis aims to review and collate what is known to date on the impact of culture on the experiences and identity of PWID and their families and carers. Despite findings in the general population that cultural identity affects personal identity (Schwartz et al., 2008), and that experiences of people from minoritised ethnic communities in accessing services differ from those from White communities (Moriarty, 2008) (Cabral & Smith, 2011), relatively little is known about how the identity and experiences of people from minority communities intersect with disability in both PWID and their family and carers. There is a potential ‘double discrimination’ experienced by PWID from non-White backgrounds, through the intersectionality of being non-White (Ajayi (Sotubo), 2021) (Randhawa, 2007) and potential marginalisation due to having an ID (Mencap, 2016). This may be important in terms of the direct impact on the wellbeing and identity of the PWID, but also more indirectly, where institutional racism may mean assumptions are made based on diagnostic overshadowing, with an individual’s ID considered by a professional, but not cultural adaptations; see, for example, Ali et al. (2013), who highlight how PWID may have communication difficulties when accessing physical health care due to both their need for accessible information, and a language barrier. At the time of writing, the researcher could not find a systematic review that summarised the literature on this topic to date.

Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Community and Clinical Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria.

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Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria.

Summary People with intellectual disabilities still struggle to enjoy intimate and sexual relationships. Social workers have a potentially key role in realizing the intimate and sexual rights of people with intellectual disabilities, particularly in residential settings. However, we still know relatively little about the meaning social workers attribute to such relationships. The present study addresses this lacuna by examining the perceptions and practices of 15 Israeli social workers in residential settings. Findings Drawing on thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, two key themes are identified: (1) Intimate relationships as a human need, and (2) Intimacy with a question mark. Combined, these themes depict an ambivalent position toward residents’ intimate and sexual relationships. Applications The study's findings highlight the need to incorporate intimacy and sexuality within social work education, with a particular focus on people with intellectual disabilities and positive aspects of intimacy and sexuality. From a policy perspective, the findings urge state and professional authorities to develop national guidelines on realizing intimate rights.

Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher rate of fall events than the general population. Consequently, interventions for reducing fall events and improving health are highly required for individuals with ID. One essential step towards effectively delivering fall prevention interventions among adults with ID involves evaluating their feasibility. This study examined the feasibility of a home-based exercise intervention, supplemented with behavioural change strategies, among individuals with ID living in residential settings.This study provided an 8-week intervention, consisting of a workshop for support workers and sessions for participants with ID, focusing on behavioural reward/s, education regarding fall prevention/exercise and exercise training. One week prior to and 1 week following such an intervention, such participants underwent measurements for (1) physical performance, (2) fall efficacy, (3) self-efficacy for activity and (4) social support.Participants having ID (n = 33), support workers (n = 11) and one administrator participated in this study. There were no adverse events during the intervention, and the mean adherence rate was 70.8 ± 19.5%. Two participants with ID dropped out of the programme due to a lack of interest. The participants with ID significantly improved individual physical performance, self-efficacy for activity, fall efficacy and support from friends and support workers.Fall prevention interventions for adults with ID living in group-homes were highly promising for eventual large-scale implementation within such communities.

People with intellectual disability (ID) are a vulnerable group in our society; many of them depend on other people for assistance in their everyday lives. Compared with the general population, people with ID have poorer general health and, therefore, need more healthcare services and use more medicines. The aim of this study is to define the population of all Finnish people with ID using administrative data and to compare their medicine use and expenditure on medicines to those of the age-matched and sex-matched controls.People with ID and their age-matched and sex-matched controls (1:1) were extracted from nationwide healthcare and social allowance registers. Administrative register data on all prescription medicine purchases in 2019 were used to determine the prevalence of medicine use in both groups on a general level and by medicine categories. The differences in the prevalence of medicine use between the two groups were analysed using the logistic regression model. In addition, we studied the total expenditure on reimbursable medicine purchases covered by the National Health Insurance between people with ID and control group.The subpopulation of people with ID consisted 37 196 individuals, of whom 82.7% purchased prescription medicines in 2019. The corresponding share of individuals purchasing prescription medicines in the control group was 70.3%. The differences in the prevalence of medicine use between the two populations were highest in the younger age groups (0-6, 7-12 and 13-17). In the study population, 28.1% (OR = 12.28; 95% CI: 11.54-13.07) of the people used antipsychotics, making it the most used medicine category in people with ID. In the control group, 3.3% of people used antipsychotics. Compared with the control group, the use of antiepileptics, drugs for constipation, mineral supplements and anxiolytics was four to seven times higher among people with ID. Furthermore, the median expenditure on medicine use among people with ID was four times higher than in the control group.Compared with the control group, people with ID used more medicines, especially psychotropics, and their expenditure on medicine use was higher.

The delivery of quality primary healthcare (from the perspective of general practitioners) and access to such care (from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities) has been the focus...

Background: Despite the importance of social networks for health and wellbeing, relatively little is known about the ways in which adults with intellectual disabilities in the U.K. experience their social networks. Method: A systematic review was completed to identify research focused on the social networks of adults with intellectual disabilities. Studies published from 1990 to 2019 were identified. Studies were thematically analysed. Results: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were analysed to identify key factors influencing social networks. Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities identified themes of identity, powerlessness, inclusion, family, and support. These themes are discussed with reference to theories of stigma and normalization. Conclusions: Stigma and normalization can be used to better understand the needs, desires and dreams of people with intellectual disabilities for ordinary relationships, from which they are regularly excluded. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in relation to building and repairing often spoiled identities.

This paper aims to study the effect of blue color on users of architectural spaces in general, and for people with intellectual disabilities in particular, with the aim of improving their mental skills. By controlling the color of the interior space and studying the effect of color on many cases through their presence in the specified space and their exposure to color. The study included 73 cases with different mental problems. We exposed 33 cases to Blue, while we left another group of 40 cases without exposure to it. Exposing cases to blue took two hours a day for two days a week. Intelligence tests were done for each condition, pretest (at the start of the study), and posttest (six months after the first test). The study showed that the exposure to blue color made an increase in the percentage of intelligence of cases that were exposed to blue color compared to those that were not exposed to it. Since this research aims to study the possibility of increasing the intelligence of cases with different mental problems, the aim was to study the effect of blue to increase their Intelligence quotient (IQ) compared to those who are not exposed to it. The intelligence tests that applied to different cases of people with intellectual disabilities compared to those that were not exposed to blue expected to show if there is an impact.

Background People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and their caregivers face difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited studies have comprehensively investigated their challenges, especially in Japan. We aimed to clarify the concerns and needs of people with IDs and their caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Method From March to August 2021, 27 in-depth interviews were conducted with principal caregivers of people with moderate to profound IDs in Japan. We then transcribed the interviews and conducted deductive coding using predetermined codes focused on their daily life difficulties. Inductive coding was used to ensure that no important themes were overlooked. Results We found four concerns and four needs among people with IDs and their caregivers as significant themes. Conclusions Our results provide useful information for supporting people with IDs and their caregivers, especially among those who need medical or social care in accordance with the infection control and social-distancing policies.

Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a right to the highest level of health and to non-discrimination in health care. There are an estimated 89,000 people with ID living in Austria. Little is known about their health status and about their health care. We carried out a systematic review with the aim to provide an overview of comparative studies on the health status and health behaviour of people with and without ID. Methods The systematic literature search was conducted in 3 electronic databases for the search period 2008 to March 2020, supplemented by a reference list check and a search of relevant websites. Abstracts and full texts were dually screened, data extraction was performed by one person and checked by a second. Bias risk was assessed by two people using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies. Results were summarised narratively. Results A total of 73 publications were included. The literature review reveals a very clear picture: people with ID have a shorter life expectancy, are more affected by illness and health problems, are more likely to have health-related limitations in daily living and are more likely to die from potentially preventable causes of death that could be avoided either through preventive measures or by high-quality medical care. Conclusions To better assess the health situation of people with ID in Austria, Austria-specific data is needed. Furthermore, systematic initiatives in the areas of prevention, health promotion and health care are necessary. People with ID should therefore be systematically considered in all strategies and processes in the health sector. In terms of health literacy, a stronger information policy towards people with ID and towards their relatives and health care professions would be indicated. Key messages

Background. We examined whether a series of variables were related to the number of psychiatric inpatients using publicly available data about English psychiatric bed utilisation and NHS workforce. Method. Using linear regression, with auto-regressive errors, we examined relationships between variables over time using data from December 2013 to March 2021. Results. Over time, the number of inpatients reduced by either 6.58 or 8.07 per month depending upon the dataset utilised, and the number of community nurses and community nursing support staff reduced by 7.43 and 2.14 nurses per month, respectively. Increasing numbers of consultant psychiatrists were associated with fewer inpatients over time. More Care and Treatment Reviews (CTRs) were associated with more admissions over time, while more post-admission CTRs were associated with increased discharges over time. Conclusions. Future studies should examine whether psychiatric bed utilisation elsewhere within the NHS by people with intellectual disabilities has increased.

This systematic review has as an aim to evaluate the effects of multicomponent physical exercise programs on health-related physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities.

Body image, defined as people’s body-related self-perceptions and self-attitudes, plays an important role in people’s eating, physical activity and weight management behaviour. Research shows that in the general population, there is a well-established relationship between increased social media usage and the negative body image. Body dissatisfaction has been found to be associated with unhealthy eating patterns and is higher with elevated body mass index yet, little is known about body image in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), despite the increased overweight and obesity prevalence rates in this population. Similarly, not much is known about how and why young people with ID use social media, even less about how this may relate to body image, despite recent data showing that young people with ID actively participate on social networking sites (SNSs). The inconclusiveness and limitedness of the literature calls for a direct exploration of social media usage and body dissatisfaction in young people with ID. The current study addresses this gap in the literature. The aims of the study are to: 1. Explore how much and what types of Social Media young people with ID use. 2. Explore the motivations for social media use in young people with ID. 3. Investigate whether social media use behaviours relate to body image and self-esteem in young people with ID, predicting those that use social media more and for social comparison-related reasons will have higher body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem, based on the general population literature.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) and mental health problems experience variable barriers when accessing psychotherapy, such as a lack of expertise of psychotherapists in treating people with ID, which can lead to a reluctance to treat this population. Hence, specialised training for psychotherapists focused on the diagnosis and treatment of people with ID may reduce some of these barriers. Objective: In this study, we aim to explore the education, knowledge, personal experiences and attitudes towards people with ID and mental health problems of psychology students. Methods: This study will adopts a cross-sectional design to invite psychology students of German universities to participate in an online survey. Measures will include the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons With Disabilities (Findler et al., 2007), which will be adapted for the study context, vignettes from Werner, Levav et al. (2013) to assess students’ knowledge, a questionnaire from Werner, Stawski et al. (2013) to asses students’ attitudes toward psychotherapy with people with ID and some items of the questionnaire of Olsson and Gustafsson (2020) to asses students’ education about people with ID and also some self-generated questions to asses students’ personal experience with people with ID. Plan for analysis: Multiple linear regression analyses with a confidence interval of 95 and bootstrapping sample of 10.000 will be used to evaluate whether the relationship between education about people with ID, attitudes toward people with ID and mental health problems and attitudes toward psychotherapy with people with ID is moderated by students’ personal experience and mediated by students´ knowledge about ID.

A quantitative and qualitative study about the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, their relatives, visiting volunteers, direct support staff, and care facility managers with the use of digital social contact during the Covid-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments all over the world placed restrictions on in-person visits to long-term care facilities. Health authorities recommended the use of virtual social contact, such as video calling, as an alternative way to stay in contact. This study examines how people with disabilities living in sheltered care facility homes and their relatives and visiting volunteers experienced the use of virtual social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is guided by the following research question: How did people with disabilities living in home care facilities, their relatives, and visiting volunteers experience the use of virtual social contact during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, and how was this perceived by support staff and care facility managers? The sub-questions that will be addressed are described below: - How did people with disabilities stay in contact with their relatives and visiting volunteers during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, and how did people with disabilities, their relatives, visiting volunteers, support staff, and care facility managers experience these ways of staying in contact? - How did using virtual social contact during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions impact people with disabilities in their well-being, and what did their relatives, visiting volunteers, support staff, and care facility managers perceive of this impact? - What were the support needs and conditions for the use of virtual social contact during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, according to people with disabilities, their relatives, visiting volunteers, support staff, and care facility managers?

Improving health and healthcare are dynamic processes in which stakeholders from research and practice are interdependent. Therefore, there is an increasing demand in approaches that facilitate collaboration and knowledge exchange between academic research and daily practice of patients, healthcare professionals and healthcare policy (1-5). As an answer to this call, a myriad of collaborative networks and approaches are initiated, including communities of practice, academic collaboratives (AC) and research partnerships (6-9). However, collaboration networks often face challenges, such as lack of interaction between knowledge users and knowledge producers, inadequate match between the supply of and demand for knowledge products, suboptimal use of novel scientific knowledge and expensive innovations resulting in limited effects on practice (10-14). For sustainable development, an AC or any other type of collaboration network needs to create a way of working together that is able to address these challenges (15). In the Netherlands, AC’s are a common form to facilitate research practice collaboration and knowledge exchange (1). The AC ‘Stronger on your own feet’ (SOO) is such a collaboration between the Radboudumc and seven care organizations for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aim of this AC is to improve the health and healthcare for people with ID. Like in other AC’s, SOO encounters challenges in the collaboration and knowledge exchange between research and practice such as differences in timelines, knowledge needs and priorities (1). To date, there is little insight in the functioning of academic collaboratives and how collaboration and knowledge exchange within an AC is being shaped. This study provides more insight about the functioning of AC’s and into how collaboration and knowledge exchange within an AC in the ID care sector can be improved. In this way, the health of and healthcare for people with ID can benefit. The aims of this study are to explore 1) the network positions of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration and knowledge exchange within the AC, 2) on which themes organizations within AC SOO collaborate and exchange knowledge, and 3) what the perspectives are on the current and future network position of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration and knowledge exchange. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be used involving quantitative data and explaining the quantitative findings with in-depth qualitative data. The overall research question of this study is the following: How do organizations within an Academic Collaborative in care for people with ID collaborate and exchange knowledge? Sub research questions: 1. What network position do organizations have within AC SOO concerning collaboration, knowledge sharing and knowledge searching? 2. On which themes do organizations within AC SOO collaborate, share and search knowledge? 3. What are perspectives for the current (and future?) network position of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration, knowledge sharing and knowledge searching?

Older adults with intellectual disability are exposed to a higher anticholinergic burden compared to general older adults. This is due to a higher rate of both mental and neurological disorders among people with intellectual disability. The use of medications with a high anticholinergic burden is associated with adverse effects including daytime dozing, constipation and higher dependence level in the Barthel index for measuring activities of daily living. This scoping review aims to map and examine the existing research on physical and cognitive adverse effects associated with the long-term impact of anticholinergics among people with intellectual disabilities.

Staff members' views can have a significant impact on sexuality issues of people with intellectual disabilities. Research on the impact of sociocultural factors in this area in the Chinese context is sparse.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals (social worker, nurse, life skills trainer and manager) to explore their experiences of and attitudes towards the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis.The study identified two major themes, each with two sub-themes: 1. Professional handling of the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities (sex education and intervention); 2. Barriers (incompatible approaches and parental resistance). Participants also experienced feelings of resignation facing the barriers they encountered. Collectivism and cultural view about sex are potentially the influencing factors.This study highlights the need to adopt an evidence-based sex education programme whose content and delivery should take account of cultural factors.

Background Previous research shows that people with intellectual disabilities have less knowledge about sexual health and are more vulnerable to victimisation. In cases of sexual abuse, they are likely to encounter the criminal justice system as vulnerable witnesses. Several challenges arise when people with intellectual disabilities are in communication with the criminal justice system. We aimed to explore the perceptions, experiences and knowledge of people with intellectual disabilities regarding personal and sexual boundaries in order to identify factors relevant for preventing sexual abuse, to develop future studies. Method The study had a qualitative design. Data were collected from seven people with mild intellectual disabilities (25–40 years; 2 men, five women) through one-to-one interviews in specialised health care services for people with intellectual disabilities (SHCS). The participants lived alone, in group homes and with their families. Many received professional support services. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The interviews identified that the participants want to be in romantic relationships and that some, consider sex to be unimportant. Many of them have had trouble finding someone to have a romantic relationship with. The participants were unsure about sexual consent related to sexual activity, though many could explain the concept of consent in other contexts. Many participants reported that they had experienced sexual abuse, including online sexual abuse. Those participants who had reported the sexual abuse had positive experiences obtaining assistance from the criminal justice system. The participants who had experienced sexual abuse reported trauma and fear related to their experiences. Conclusion This study highlights the need for information about sexually abusive relationships, risks online and ways to get help. More attention should be given to the impact of trauma, police and mental health treatment following sexual abuse against people with intellectual disabilities.

The aim of this research was to determine the trends in the field of analyzing positive aspects of sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In relation to these findings, the possibilities of applying the model of positive sexuality were presented. A literature search covering studies published between 1980 and 2020 was conducted. 19 studies were included. Researchers focus on partnerships, mainly heterosexual ones, associated experiences, plans and ideas. The results show that people with ID are able to report on experiences accompanying relationships and their depiction is relatively rich. People who do not have such experiences expect them in the future, treating them as a very important aspect of life. Referring to the model of positive sexuality, the areas of research in the population of people with intellectual disability were specified, and the theoretical justification of the model, general methodological aspects and practical usefulness were provided.

People with intellectual disabilities and people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds have lower rates of physical activity compared to the general population. The aim of t...

In this commentary, I have highlighted the barriers to participation in physical activity by people with intellectual disabilities found by Kappelides et al. (2021) and suggested actions from an or...

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

• Sometimes people commit crimes called sex offences. This is when someone does something sexual to someone who did not want it to happen or were not able to agree to it. A small number of sex offenders have an intellectual disability.• We interviewed five men with intellectual disabilities who had committed sex offences. These men had completed group treatment to stop them from committing sex offences in the future. All of the men were living in the community.• The men we interviewed talked about joining and being part of group treatment.• Most said that they did not feel like they had a choice about starting group treatment. Others said that group treatment reminded them of school. Some told us they felt anxious about talking to other members about their sex offences. When they overcame their anxiety and shared their sex offences with other group members, they felt relieved.• The findings of this study are important because they will help professionals make sure the treatment is as good as possible.

This paper discusses the results of project entitled Heritage for all: Perception of the past and archaeo- logical heritage by people with intellectual disabili- ties, which the authors carried out on a group of 14 young individuals who were diagnosed with intel- lectual disabilities. The project aimed to detect how the past is perceived and conceptualized by students with learning and cognitive problems and how we, archaeologists and museum workers, can transfer knowledge about the past to them in a more ap- propriate way. This paper also provides a context for a need for inclusive archaeology as a way of practising archaeology as a discipline of social and cultural value for present-day people. Despite the limited number of people approached during the research and the specific character of education for people with intellectual disabilities in Poland, some conclusions can be drawn. First of all, participants in the project understood the past not as abstract, historical events, but rather as actions related to their personal experiences. Secondly, they remem- bered more about the past when it was shown and explained to them in an active, participatory way.

Using the case study of an application “SGAssist”, this study had demonstrated how vulnerable individuals can access help through digital platforms in a time of distanced connectivity. This study had collected information during the COVID-19 situation to understand how vulnerable individuals (particularly older adults, individuals with depression and people with intellectual disabilities) can connect with volunteers through the app and minimize the risk of social isolation. Information was collected through a questionnaire and interviews with 103 older adults, phone interviews with the founder of SGAssist, and the narratives collected from volunteers and beneficiaries of SGAssist. In view of the merits of using info-technology to seek help and mobilize recourses to the community through digital platforms, this study recommends increasing digital literacy for vulnerable individuals and their caregivers through training and guidelines on IT security.

A strong, stable social network constitutes a potential guarantee that people with intellectual disabilities can have natural supports throughout their lives that will help them in their process of...

BACKGROUND This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of visual, auditory and vestibular dysfunctions on the postural balance performance in adults with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, a comparison was made between the subjects with intellectual disabilities and a control group concerning static and dynamic balance tasks. METHOD Thirty adults with intellectual disabilities and 25 control subjects received a postural balance assessment. Additionally, the experimental group was subjected to a visual, auditory and vestibular screening. RESULTS The experimental group performed significantly worse and/or showed more sway compared to the control group for all balance tasks (p

A deficiência intelectual (DI) é um transtorno caracterizado por déficits relacionados à cognição que impactam diretamente em vários aspectos como: dificuldades na aprendizagem, resolução de problemas e raciocínio, limitações na interação social e falta de independência individual para determinadas atividades. Diante desses acometimentos, as pessoas com DI encontram dificuldades perante a sexualidade, tanto em relação ao preconceito e repressão por parte da sociedade, quanto em relação às limitações intrínsecas à realidade desses indivíduos. Assim, é notável a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre esse tema, visto que ainda é um assunto pouco abordado e que impacta bastante na realidade das pessoas com DI. Nesse designo, o objetivo do presente estudo é conhecer as adversidades vivenciadas por pessoas com DI em relação à sexualidade. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que buscou artigos na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) com os seguintes descritores: "Deficiência intelectual" AND "Sexualidade" e os filtros: "texto completo", "inglês", "português" e no recorte temporal de 2011 à 2020. Dos 42 artigos encontrados, 12 foram excluídos por fuga ao tema, duplicidade ou ausência de texto completo disponível, sendo o corpus final do texto constituído por 30 estudos, os quais foram categorizados em dois eixos: (I) Visão errônea da sexualidade nas pessoas com Deficiência Intelectual e (II) Limitações para a abordagem da sexualidade na pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual. A maioria da sociedade tem uma visão distorcida sobre a sexualidade das pessoas com DI, considerando-as assexuadas ou até mesmo perigosas sexualmente e esse preconceito acarreta em experiências negativas para eles, como: abuso sexual, impedimento da sua expressão sexual, falta de orientação para contracepção e até esterilização desses indivíduos. Além disso, existem limitações na abordagem dessa temática, deixando déficits na educação sexual e nas estratégias de apoio a esse grupo, fato que se torna ainda mais evidente na população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, queers, intersexuais e assexuais (LGBTQIA+) com DI. Portanto, é de extrema importância que propostas de educação sexual e estratégias de apoio sejam tomadas para permitir o pleno exercício dos direitos sexuais por parte desses indivíduos de forma saudável e sem experiências negativas.

Purpose Research into culture within intellectual disability services, has predominantly focussed on small group homes in Australia. The current investigation aimed to explore the transferability of the dimensions of culture identified in the literature, to a residential Intellectual Disability service in the UK. The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of informal culture upon the behaviour of direct care staff, particularly around managing behaviour that challenges. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with direct care staff. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically using template analysis. Findings Themes regarding leadership, perceptions of managers, team functioning, and relationships between direct care staff and service users, were identified, corroborating the existing literature. Additional themes relating to being aware of the risks posed by service users, and the emotional impact of behaviour that challenges, also emerged. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to explore informal culture within a community residential Intellectual Disability service in the UK.

Purpose: The study aims to explore factors that influence (facilitate or impede) direct support professionals supporting people with intellectual disabilities in engaging in physical activity. Influencing factors will be synthesized into a conceptual model to set the stage for developing future interventions and policies to change direct support professional behavior.Method: Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 direct support professionals of people with mild to profound intellectual disabilities. Influencing factors were analyzed using both inductive and deductive coding strategies. The theoretical sources of behavior (i.e., capability, opportunity, and motivation) were leading components in the development of a conceptual model.Results: Five influential factors facilitating or impeding physical-activity support were isolated that related to direct support professionals’ capability, eight to the opportunities afforded them, and 11 to their motivation. Another six inductively emerged, which related to the characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities and which then influenced the capability, opportunity, or motivation to engage in physical-activity support by direct support professionals.Conclusions: Although experiences differed, the conceptual model developed here provides theoretically based targets for a comprehensive approach to changing direct support professional behavior and thus promoting the support of physical activity in people with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Our STORM intervention was developed for people (16 +) with intellectual disabilities to enhance their capacity to manage and resist stigma. The current study describes the adaptation of STORM for (synchronous) on-line delivery in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Aims: To adapt the manualised face-to-face STORM group intervention for delivery via web-based meeting platforms and to conduct an initial pilot study to consider its acceptability and feasibility. Methods and procedures: The 5-session STORM intervention was carefully adapted for online delivery. In a pilot study with four community groups (N = 22), outcome, health economics and attendance data were collected, and fidelity of delivery assessed. Focus groups with participants, and interviews with facilitators provided data on acceptability and feasibility. Outcomes and results: The intervention was adapted with minimal changes to the content required. In the pilot study, 95% of participants were retained at follow-up, 91% attended at least three of the five sessions. Outcome measure completion and fidelity were excellent, and facilitators reported implementation to be feasible. The intervention was reported to be acceptable by participants. Conclusions and implications: When provided with the necessary resources and support, people with intellectual disabilities participate actively in web-delivered group interventions.