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The article is devoted to substantiation from the standpoint of intercommunication as a social practice of the essential advantage of reading paper books and the relevance of book practices of the library service. The methodological tools of the study were based on the methods of hypothesis, included and external observation, extrapolation, survey, comparative and analytical methods, the use of which, along with the formulation of the general idea of the study created the basis for understanding the book as an object that represents the author, characters, and texts and can perform the function not only of an information source, but also of the narrator, and thus of the subject of communication; made it possible to identify common and special features of reading electronic and paper books, to draw conclusions about the priority format for young people reading literary texts, to identify modern scientific approaches to studying the role of books and reading for personal development. Based on the analysis of current professional publications, data on the study of reader behavior conducted in autumn 2018 by the cultural and publishing project “Chitomo” together with the digital publishing house Gutenbergz and the Razumkov Center ("Reading in Ukraine", 2018), the results of a survey of students majoring in 029 “Information, library and archival business”, which was carried out during 14.01.2021–14.02.2021, the relevance of maintaining the practice of reading books in paper format is proved, the formation of the space of communication as a social practice, based on the functioning of the paper book as a subject of communication, has been substantiated. The topic of such communication is both the text printed in the book and the whole set of historical, social and socio-cultural meanings associated with the authors of the books, their publishers and / or former owners. It has been found that e-books, being effective communicators, lose subjectivity, which creates risks for reading-oriented people to weaken communication and socialization skills, and thus – actualizes the need to maintain access to real bookshelves and paper books in the library. space. In the conditions of needs of access to electronic texts, dynamics of social processes, social mobility, the library remains a place that allows preserving and reproducing important for the formation and socialization of personality social practice of interpersonal communication, in particular by creating conditions for real communication with paper books.

The author starts with two key topics, i. e. digitalization and COVID-19 pandemic that makes impact on every sphere of human life and activity worldwide. The digitalization explosive development to change information, educational and library infrastructure has been not equal to expectations due to the pandemic and turned out to be different. However, the pandemic has stimulated digitization systems, Open access and open science. The author considers stable interest to ward reading, and printed books especially, to be “adigital era paradox”. He also points to stabilizing market of printed and electronic books. The no-less important topic is language ecology, or ecology of language, which cannot be interpreted exclusively as the fight for languagepurity; the author provides several examples of borrowings (Anglicisms) in the Russian language, which is increasingly evident due to digitalization. The modern digitalization facilitates targeted transition toward “the libraries of the future”, drives mainstream trends and goals on this way. The library collections, premises and working conditions during the pandemic are characterized. The pandemic also has exacerbated the problem of copyright transformation in the digital era. The author provides examples of legislative solutions in copyright in several countries and characterizes the Russia’s trends in copyright transformation in the digital world. The author concludes that, in the conditions of expanding digitalization and sustainable development, the libraries find themselves in the avant-garde as they support and effectually implement many sustainable development goals within the nation.

BACKGROUND: The authors aim to publish the results of their studies in peer-reviewed targeted international journals with a high impact-factor as possible, but they are also exposing to “predatory” publishers. AIM: The aim of the study was to offer some advices for authors to help to identify relevant medical journals, avoid “predatory” journals and publishers, use intermediary services, know a journal policy, and expectations of good journal editor(s). RECOMMENDATIONS: During the publication process authors should find suitable journals, assume a risk to encounter “predatory” or “hijacked” journals, know the advantages and disadvantages of using intermediary publishing services, understand expectations of editor(s), and make payment for article processing. CONCLUSIONS: The advices can help many researchers to publish their papers in relevant journals with cited indexes, and avoid many problems within the publication process.

This article examines the limits that academics from peripheral countries might encounter while trying to influence the decision-making process inside an international organization. Although there are different mechanisms whereby academia might influence non-academic debates, we highlight here the use of policy papers, in order to examine and discuss the non-textual barriers which might be faced by those academics. After an analysis of primary sources this article presents some pragmatic limits in the use of policy papers and discusses the consequences of this condition for the legitimation of international organizations. As such, relevant international organizations still seem to be unresponsive to some initiatives in particular: closed to the spontaneous participation of academia; and not willing to call for contributions from academic communities. This is particularly relevant for contributions from peripheral academia and other non-state actors, who lack the capability to disturb the traditional ideational power exercised by core (Western) countries and by state-centric ideology in current international law.

This paper examines the role of technology firms in computerizing personality tests from the early 1960s to late 1980s. It focuses on the National Computer Systems (NCS) and their development of an automated interpretation for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI). NCS trumpeted their computerized interpretation as a way to free up clerical labor and mitigate human bias. Yet psychologists cautioned that proprietary algorithms risked obscuring decision rules. I show how clinics, courtrooms, and businesses all had competing interests in the use of computerized personality tests. As I argue, the development of computerized psychological tests was shaped both by business concerns about intellectual property and profits and psychologists' concerns with validity and access to algorithms. Across these domains, the common claim was that computerized psychological testing could provide a technical fix for bias. This paper contributes to histories of computing emphasizing the importance of IP, the relationship between labor, technology, and expertise, and to histories of algorithms.

Researchers are paying attention to leadership management in the field of education after the Ministry of Education placed high leadership in schools as a shift to improve the standard of Malaysia's education system in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Leadership is mentioned as a necessity for reforming educational institutions. It has the potential to influence teachers’ performance and academic success of students. Transactional, transformational, and instructional leadership models were found out to be the most prominent types of leadership in Malaysian educational institutions. However, only few studies on leadership models and teachers’ performance have been conducted, especially in the field of special education. Therefore, this study was developed with the aim of proposing a conceptual framework involving the instructional leadership model and teacher success in order to fill a void in the current literature, based on previous scholars' recommendations. The paper started by giving an overview of the three types of models that are widely used before forming the conceptual structure and seeking past studies concerning leadership models and teacher-related factors. Finally, the constructs of teachers' self-efficacy and job satisfaction were applied to the proposed framework, which is intended to introduce new perspectives into the field of special education leadership.

Racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States experience disparities in their health and health care that arise from a combination of interacting factors, including racism and discrimination, social drivers of health, health care access and quality, individual behavior, and biology. To ameliorate these disparities, the American College of Physicians (ACP) proposes a comprehensive policy framework that recognizes and confronts the many elements of U.S. society, some of which are intertwined and compounding, that contribute to poorer health outcomes. In addition to this framework, which includes high-level principles and discusses how disparities are interconnected, ACP offers specific policy recommendations on disparities and discrimination in education and the workforce, those affecting specific populations, and those in criminal justice practices and policies in its 3 companion policy papers. ACP believes that a cross-cutting approach that identifies and offers solutions to the various aspects of society contributing to poor health is essential to achieving its goal of good health care for all, poor health care for none.

PurposeThis paper aimed to review globally the empowerment programs for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths, to examine the role of empowerment in health promotion, to explore the stages of health promotion through community empowerment strategies including planning, implementation and evaluation. Finally, this paper will develop a model of youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior that reflects theory and experience drawn from the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis review synthesized articles on community empowerment and health promotion, youth empowerment programs for tobacco prevention and control globally from books and electronic databases from the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) library in the publication period 2000–2020. Relevant literature was selected and critically reviewed which reflected the role empowerment in health promotion, stage of community empowerment strategy as described by Laverack and youth empowerment concept in tobacco control as described by Holden.FindingsDocuments that specifically discuss empowerment programs for smoking prevention and control are still limited. The findings document that youth empowerment in tobacco control do not fully integrate the theory empowerment as described by Laverack and Holden. This paper provides information about the stages of youth empowerment, and a conceptual framework of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior. Youth empowerment is done through the direct involvement of youth in programs starting from program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. Indicators of the success of the empowerment process are reflected in the increase in the empowerment domain. Meanwhile, the output of empowerment can be seen from the individual- or group-level changes.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a model of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths based on theory and experience in the field.

Digitalization of all spheres of society has brought significant changes in the practices and forms of reading in the XXI century. Along with the traditional (analog, reading from a paper), a new format of reading has appeared and widespread – digital format (computer, electronic, from screen). It changes the nature of the reader's interaction with the text, has potential opportunities (social reading) and risks (digital inequality). In this regard, the role of libraries (as well as cultural and educational institutions) in enculturation society to the new digital literacy and elimination of negative consequences of digital inequality is increasing. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the development of reading in the modern world, to ground characteristic features of reading from the paper and the screen. For this purpose, various points of view of scientists on the originality of reading activities in various formats, the effectiveness of perception of a printed and an electronic text are given; the results of research projects conducted in many countries of the world to identify the characteristics, opportunities, risks and prospects for the development of traditional and digital reading are analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that there have emerged and continue to evolve screen reading practices. Reading in the digital environment as a new way of contacts via electronic texts dynamically changes the communication environment, speeding up and simplifying consumer access to information, has many opportunities and advantages, and transforms reading skills and habits of society. Moreover, at a new technological stage of development, it revives social reading, intensifies digital inequality, leading to a secondary mental-­cognitive digital gap, and modifies personal reading experience of contemporaries.

This paper does not set out to describe the reasons why a new concept of dental care should be deemed as acceptable and recognised as mainstream. Rather, the starting point of this paper is the belief that some dentists who are increasing the overall vertical dimension for worn dentition patients are not using the protocols of the traditional 're-organised approach'. If adhesive direct restorations are used, there seems to be anecdotal indication that despite not restoring in the terminal hinge axis, it can have a successful outcome. So, while not criticising this approach simply because it does not follow orthodoxy, the paper has two objectives. It hopes to stimulate some debate and research on this subject. Furthermore, by suggesting some parameters for what might be considered a new approach, it aims to improve patient outcome.

The image in general and the press image in particular has become an important visual and semantic attraction factor, but the press image has become one of the most important means of promoting the editorial material that accompanies it, and it reflects its content and essence in contrast to the emotional effects the image carries on the recipient who can form his psychological trends after reading the image accompanying the material One of the reasons for this study presented by researchers was the interest in studying the use of the press image in dealing with environmental issues, as they discovered the absence of employing the press image in dealing with environmental issues. Rather, previous studies did not address very little to that press situation despite the press image A major role in serving the rest of the press issues. The researchers used the sample survey approach for both the analytical and field sides, in addition to using the quasi-experimental approach, in contrast to the use of research tools that benefit from the current study, including a content analysis form (form and content) to conduct a study to determine the role of the press image in addressing environmental issues, where the sample was chosen from The study newspapers for 366 issues from all the newspapers (Akhbar Al-Youm + Al-Akhbar), Al-Wafd, and Al-Watan for the year 2016 starting from January 1, 2016 and ending on December 31, 2016, in addition to designing an environmental trends scale and after ensuring its validity and reliability, it was applied to 35 newspaper readers as it ended Research with a number of results, the most important of which are: Most newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages, and the study revealed the existence of significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics, and the study newspapers' interests, as well as the editorial policy, came to include environmental images with environmental issues and topics. Very weak, and below the required level, and the ranking of environmental images ranked eighth among the published press issues and topics, which indicates that To me there is a lack of interest in the environmental image in dealing with environmental issues. The research ended with a number of results, the most important of which are: that the majority of newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages. The study also revealed that there are significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics. Environmental issues are very weak and substandardThe results of the application of thescale also proved that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the post application, and there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group and the experimental group in the post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the group The research ended with,With the necessity that the editorial policies of the paper newspapers include a greater amount of presenting environmental issues and problems related to the environment on the front pages of the paper newspapers with the holding of special training courses for the editors of environmental affairs and bringing in environmental experts in this field to develop the environmental awareness of those responsible for environmental affairs in the newspapers recommendations, including an interest in including environmental issues published in paper newspapers, an environmental picture that reflects the environmental event.

The Building Strong Library and Information Science Education (BSLISE) Working Group of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) was formed in 2016 to develop an international quality assurance (QA) framework that will guide and promote international educational standards in LIS. The first phase of its efforts has been to conduct an international survey (by means of questionnaires) of qualifications for LIS professional practice inclusive of regional and national contexts. Key findings of the study along with recommendations appear in the Building Strong Library and Information Science Education: a Call to Global and Local Action White Paper published in August 2018. This review briefly outlines the White Paper’s content and comments on its main points. Based on the analysis, the BSLISE Working Group identified six key findings with recommended actions and change agents, and prioritized three actions for its next steps: to develop an international resource that identifies local structures; to develop an international framework for the assessment of quality standards in LIS education; to identify core and other competencies for transferability and reciprocity. The article concludes that there has been a longstanding need for comprehensive documentation of LIS education globally.

Purpose This paper aims to provide a snapshot of key learnings about paid online peer-to-peer accommodation trading, as it relates to tourism and hospitality, and to identify future research questions. Design/methodology/approach The paper paints a picture and discusses research conducted in the past, which relates to paid online peer-to-peer accommodation, in brief. It also lists a number of specific research questions which should be investigated in future. Findings Some of the key topics, such as the business model of facilitators of peer-to-peer trading and the necessary regularly responses, have been extensively studied. The focus should now turn on how peer-to-peer trading of travel-related services can best be leveraged to the benefit of economies, communities and people. Originality/value The main value of this perspective paper lies in offering a succinct overview of research into paid online peer-to-peer accommodation and pointing to key questions for future research.

This paper investigated the reflections of Electoral Commission (EC) officers and voters in the Jaman South District with regard to ballot paper wastage in elections in Ghana using descriptive exploratory research design. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select 172 respondents for the study with questionnaires, structured interview and interview guide as the research instruments. The study revealed that elections were conducted to help select leaders for the nation and to help ensure that leaders are accountable to the people. Policies and ideologies of candidates were found to have little influence on how persons vote. Factors such as protest voting, low public education on elections, and high level of illiteracy were responsible for rejected ballots in the district. Rejected ballot paper was a cost to the EC officers and the voters in terms of resources, time and energy especially during periods of run-offs. The study recommended that the government effectively collaborate with the EC officials in the district to implement policies that will increase voters’ appreciation of issues underpinning democracy. The EC officers in the district should properly collaborate with the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) to provide adequate public education to enable the electorates in the district to have a proper understanding of basic electoral issues.Key words: Elections; democracy; democratization; disenfranchisement; rejected ballots.

Tūhono Māori is a Kaupapa Māori research project that seeks to contribute to the healing and success of vulnerable Māori children and their families. This paper is the first of two papers presented in this issue related to the Tūhono Māori research project. The Tūhono Māori study investigates traditional and contemporary notions of secure whānau attachment that promote tamariki security and wellbeing. Tūhono Māori has a broad aim to enable improved child welfare, practitioner, agency, and whānau (family), hapū (extended family), and iwi (collective kin group) responses to the needs of indigenous Māori children and their whānau. This paper presents an overview of the prevailing context, intersecting spaces and conceptual ideas inherent within systems in New Zealand, and the impact these have had on Māori security. The paper argues for alternative systems within the New Zealandcontext to enable conditions which facilitate emotional security for Māori children andtheir whanau.

In recent years, it has been proposed that unrealistic requirements for academics and medical doctors to publish in scientific journals, combined with monetary publication rewards, have led to forms of contract cheating offered by organizations known as paper mills. Paper mills are alleged to offer products ranging from research data through to ghostwritten fraudulent or fabricated manuscripts and submission services. While paper mill operations remain poorly understood, it seems likely that paper mills need to balance product quantity and quality, such that they produce or contribute to large numbers of manuscripts that will be accepted for publication. Producing manuscripts at scale may be facilitated by the use of manuscript templates, which could give rise to shared features such as textual and organizational similarities, the description of highly generic study hypotheses and experimental approaches, digital images that show evidence of manipulation and/or reuse, and/or errors affecting verifiable experimental reagents. Based on these features, we propose practical steps that editors, journal staff, and peer reviewers can take to recognize and respond to research manuscripts and publications that may have been produced with undeclared assistance from paper mills.

This document synthesizes various studies and data; however, the scientific understanding regarding COVID-19 is continuously evolving.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) and OCLC are working in partnership with Battelle to create and distribute science-based information designed to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to staff and visitors who are engaging in the delivery or use of museum, library, and archival services. This REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) project is studying how long the SARS CoV-2 virus (the virus that causes COVID-19) survives on common materials and methods to mitigate exposure.This material is being provided for informational purposes only, and readers are encouraged to review federal, state, tribal, territorial, and local guidance. The authors, sponsors, and researchers are not liable for any damages resulting from use, misuse, or reliance upon this information, or any errors or omissions herein.

Background: Though women increasingly make up the majority of medical-school and other science graduates, they remain a minority in academic biomedical settings, where they are less likely to hold leadership positions or be awarded research funding. A major factor is the career breaks that women disproportionately take to see to familial duties. They experience a related, but overlooked, hurdle upon their return: they are often too old to be eligible for 'early-career researcher' grants and 'career-development' awards, which are stepping stones to leadership positions in many institutions and which determine the demographics of their hierarchies for decades to come. Though age limits are imposed to protect young applicants from more experienced seniors, they have an unintended side effect of excluding returning workers, still disproportionately women, from the running. Methods: In this joint effort by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, the Infectious Disease Society of America, the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the Swiss Society for Infectious Diseases, we invited all European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-affiliated medical societies and funding bodies to participate in a survey on current 'early-career' application restrictions and measures taken to provide protections for career breaks. Recommendations: The following simple consensus recommendations are geared to funding bodies, academic societies and other organizations for the fair handling of eligibility for early-career awards: 1. Apply a professional, not physiological, age limit to applicants. 2. State clearly in the award announcement that career breaks will be factored into applicants' evaluations such that: • Time absent is time extended: for every full-time equivalent of career break taken, the same full-time equivalent will be extended to the professional age limit. • Opportunity costs will also be taken into account: people who take career breaks risk additional opportunity costs, with work that they did before the career break often being forgotten or poorly documented, particularly in bibliometric accounting. Although there is no standardized metric to measure additional opportunity costs, organizations should (a) keep in mind their existence when judging applicants' submissions, and (b) note clearly in the award announcement that opportunity costs of career breaks are also taken into account. 3. State clearly that further considerations can be undertaken, using more individualized criteria that are specific to the applicant population and the award in question. The working group welcomes feedback so that these recommendations can be improved and updated as needed.

Purpose This paper aims to outline the context for social tourism as an approach that can help deliver societal goals, such as reducing inequalities, as well as benefits for deserving beneficiaries and the tourism industry. The paper highlights how social tourism can develop in the future. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes a conceptual approach to discuss these issues. Findings This paper finds that there is a great deal of potential for social tourism to contribute to the future sustainability in the tourism industry. Originality/value This paper provides a concise overview of the topic of social tourism and a model that can help researchers and other readers to understand the ways that social tourism can contribute towards a more sustainable and equitable tourism future.

In this short note, we offer a suggestion that we believe may be ethically sound for research. Requiring co-authors to be able to deliver a reasonable presentation of a paper may lead to co-authors being fewer in number and more representative in nature. A research market involving research papers with hundreds of authors, single authors who have been credited with several hundred articles, or strict definitions of who has done what can be troublesome for public faith in research. To some extent, the public view of research as very trustworthy has changed and academic society should consider radical propositions to regain its position as solid and credible.

The potential of social media to disseminate, aggregate, channel and democratize social accountability processes has encouraged a variety of organizations to actively promote and champion such initiatives. These initiatives typically envision a three step social accountability process where, for example, the publication of previously-private financial information about the inappropriate wealth accumulation activities of politicians and their business allies (step #1), combined with social media dissemination and discussion of these activities (step #2), can result in an accountability conversation that spills out of the medium and that sometimes results in positive social change (step #3). The current study examines Twitter reactions to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalist’s (ICIJ) publication of the Panama Papers. The analysis illustrates that there was a Twitter reaction: furthermore, that there were different styles of response and that certain styles were more likely to elicit an audience reaction, especially if the tweeter was a journalist or organization. While the provided analysis focuses on step #2 within the social accountability process, the results imply that publicly-interested accounting academics qua activists can facilitate social accountability by helping to make previously-private financial information public and by cultivating sympathetic individuals within the traditional media as well as within organizations that are active on social media.

Prologue: This paper is written after numerous focus-group meetings with several types of people/experts of many genders. Statements given under are not meant to be insulting any gender, but these are focus-group observations. If you do not like any such statements, we are sorry in that you have missed the points we are trying to convey. This paper addresses various perceptions on genders that concerns abstract entities such as various disciplines of studies. This paper defines genders for disciplines through historical biases and perceptions – e.g., birth, religion, language, region, brought up, to say a few; these were obtained thru’ several focus-group discussions. However, technologies, such as computers, the World Wide Web (WWW), Moodle, sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Virtualization and Immersion technologies are constantly changing the nature of education and learning. As a consequence, and through a series of arguments, we establish that the genders of many popular disciplines are becoming feminine in nature. We also define two terms, namely, Gender Capital and Gender Capitalization, through which respectively one could possibly define and analyze ways and means by which the changing nature of genders of disciplines can be profitably exploited for the global goodness.

Primary care services in or alongside emergency\ud departments look and function differently and are\ud described using inconsistent terminology. Research to\ud determine effectiveness of these models is hampered by\ud outdated classification systems, limiting the opportunity\ud for data synthesis to draw conclusions and inform\ud decision-making and policy. We used findings from a\ud literature review, a national survey of Type 1 emergency\ud departments in England and Wales, staff interviews,\ud other routine data sources and discussions from\ud two stakeholder events to inform the taxonomy. We\ud categorised the forms inside or outside the emergency\ud department: inside primary care services may be\ud integrated with emergency department patient flow or\ud may run parallel to that activity; outside services may be\ud offered on site or off site. We then describe a conceptual\ud spectrum of integration: identifying constructs that\ud influence how the services function—from being closer\ud to an emergency medicine service or to usual primary\ud care. This taxonomy provides a basis for future evaluation\ud of service models that will comprise the evidence base\ud to inform policy-making in this domain. Commissioners\ud and service providers can consider these constructs in\ud characterising and designing services depending on local\ud circumstances and context.

Countless research studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of incivility and bullying in healthcare. Despite the abundance of proposed solutions to this issue, many healthcare leaders continue to fail in mitigating the existence of such negative behaviors in the workplace. Personality attributes of perpetrators and victims have received attention, but much less research has examined the organizational and neoliberal causations of incivility and bullying in healthcare. Being the largest occupational group in the health sector, nursing professionals have the greatest influence and are crucial in ending these behaviors. This discussion paper outlines the effects of incivility and bullying in healthcare and provides a critical analysis on how organizational culture and neoliberal ideology influence the pervasiveness and persistence of these negative behaviors. The analysis reveals that organizational cultures that misuse power, disregard equality, and facilitate oppression, foster the existence of incivility and bullying in the workplace. Such cultures permit perpetrators to misuse their authority to control resource allocation, ignorance to social inequalities, and the silence of victims. Furthermore, the neoliberal concept of deregulation, austerity, and individualism further these behaviors. The neoliberal reforms have led to underfunding of anti-bullying programs and policies, use of bullying behaviours as management strategies, and victim-blaming for profit maximization. Financial cutbacks have resulted in denial and acceptance of uncivil and bullying behaviours in healthcare institutions, which endangers the rights of healthcare providers to a safe workplace environment. To curtail these negative behaviors, robust anti-bullying policies and programs must be strictly enforced and sustained in practice. Further exploration on the association of organizational culture and neoliberal principles to incivility and bullying in healthcare is greatly warranted.

This paper analyzes the significance of international conferences for higher education institutions’ (HEIs) promotion of sustainability by examining their published papers. This study not only allows the understanding of the state of the art but also, based on the identified gaps, sheds light and gives a north for future studies of Sustainable Development. The citations of works published from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed in a sample of 489 articles published in international periodicals included in the Web of Science database related to the subject of sustainable development in higher education. Classic text statistics, similarity analysis and word cloud are used to analyze the articles published on the World Sustainability Symposium, Bridge International Conference 2019 exploring its results and contributions to promote sustainability. The findings suggest that in addition to cooperation, participation and collaboration between institutions, international conferences sponsored or organized by HEIs have the potential to promulgate interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to addressing global sustainability challenges. In the international conferences analyzed the diverse array of disciplines and research teams illustrate this point. International conferences may be used for communicating the scientific results to stakeholders and send strong messages on sustainability-related issues.

Transparency in reporting benefits scientific communication on many levels. While specific needs and expectations vary across fields, the effective interpretation and use of research findings relies on the availability of core information about research materials, study design, data, and experimental and analytical methods. For preclinical research, transparency in reporting is a key focus in response to concerns of replication failure. The inconsistent reporting of key elements of experimental and analytical design, alongside ambiguous description of reagents and lack of access to underlying data and code, has been shown to impair replication (1) and raise doubt about the robustness of results (2, 3). In response to early concerns about replication of published results, funders, publishers, and other stakeholders have called for improvements in reporting transparency (4⇓⇓–7). Several initiatives ensued, including journal policies and joint efforts by journals, funders, and other stakeholders (8⇓–10). One of these initiatives, the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines (11), outlines a policy framework at the journal level that over 1,000 journals and publishers have adopted. The National Academies have focused on reproducibility and replicability* challenges through several recent initiatives leading to consensus reports, including Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (12), Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research (13), and Fostering Integrity in Research (14). Each of these reports concludes that lack of reporting transparency is one factor which contributes to these systemic problems. Building on these findings, the National Academies convened a public workshop in September 2019 titled “Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting.” The workshop was designed to discuss the current state of transparency in reporting biomedical research and to explore the possibility of improving the harmonization of guidelines across journals and funding agencies. During this workshop, we provided … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed: Email: Malcolm.Macleod{at}ed.ac.uk (correspondence regarding the development and evaluation of the guideline) or mellor.david{at}gmail.com (for further information about implementation and stewardship). [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

This study explores science communication on Twitter by investigating a sample of tweets referring to academic papers in five different scientific fields. The specifications of science communicators on Twitter, the characteristics of those who initiate actions (by tweeting), the extent and quality of reactions (retweeting), individual and group interactions, and the distribution of tweets across types of engagement in the process of science communication (i.e., dissemination, consultation, and evaluation) were explored. A broad array of actors is involved in the communication of science on Twitter, with individual citizens and individual researchers playing an important role. In principle, this is promising for creating direct interaction, which can be difficult through more traditional mass media. The vast majority of communication activities regarding academic papers is undigested dissemination with almost no sign of debate, contestation, or collective reflection. Another general finding of this study is that bot accounts play a major role in the science communication landscape on Twitter.

This study was entitled Catalyst and Transparency; An analysis of the Campus Paper Function as a Watchdog. The study reveals that the publication is inconsistently complying with all standards of journalism because of some major problems like the fear of being personal attacks, lack of funds, and beginner in the field of campus journalism. However, this reveals the improvement of the publication in excelling from the various competitions and also in the releases. Campus publication is realized as citizens’ journalism outside, this plays a vital role in shaping the discipline and awareness need of the students. Ethics and standards of journalism should be part of the training and learning of every students’ journalist. This research study was conducted to analyze the efficiency of the CLSU Collegian in terms of practicing the standards of journalism. This also reviewed the status of the publication in the present situation and the continuation of listing the important accounts of the publication from the year 2011-2015. It also examines the engagement of the staffers of the CLSU Collegian in the elements of journalism, knows the workings of the press. The problems they encountered and solutions they made in practicing the elements of journalism. Key informant interview, focus group discussion, archival research, and library research are the major methods that the researcher do, to validate the data that are being collected the study adapted the triangulation process.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assemble knowledge, to understand the nuances of corporate governance as it is widely dispersed having multiple dimensions, to organize and categorize review papers on corporate governance under specific subjects, fields, areas of research. Thematic analysis enabled classifying review papers providing insight and spectra about corporate governance. Methodology The research study is confined to review of review papers on Corporate Governance downloaded through Google scholar and focuses only on abstracts of these reviews and determines the intensity of respective research published/ undertaken on specific category and sub-categories during the period 1988 to 2017. Document analysis was used to gather information on the (Valiente & GonzAilez, n.d.) themes, providing further break-up into individual sub-categories and identifying an array of research topics. Findings The paper provides thematic analysis of six hundred and sixty five (665) review papers, classified into nineteen (19) categories, 177 sub-categories comprising 476 review papers. On the basis of classifications significance of Corporate Governance has been observed for firm performance (5 th category 71 papers); legislative & regulatory requirement (7 th category 64 papers); executive governance (2 nd category 59 papers) these three categories have contributed maximum number of review papers. The above three categories have mostly published review papers on the Impact of Corporate Governance Variables on Firm Performance: Country comparison (19 papers), Corporate Governance Effects on/ Relationship with Firm/Corporate Performance (15 papers) and Review of Corporate Governance Reforms Country wise (16 papers). Practical Implications The research study (1) highlights existing research undertaken (2) identifies avenues for future research this will benefit research scholars & academics to explore potential research areas in context to Pakistan. It will also enhance the acumen and awareness of practitioners and policy makers regarding the vitality of corporate governance for quality decision making. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Firm & Corporate Performance, Legislative & Regulatory Requirement, Executive Governance.

Aims To review and discuss authorship and author order in the context of nursing and midwifery publications and to present a set of principles to guide and justify author order. Background Variation in author order trends is evident across different authors, disciplines and countries. Confusion and conflict between authors give rise to important issues concerning ethics and collaboration and may delay publication. Lack of transparency in authorship practices also impedes judgements when individual contributions are used in support of employment, promotion, tenure and/or research funding applications. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A literature search of BioMed Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE with Full Text and PubMed for original peer-reviewed papers published in English between 2007 - 2017, in the disciplines of nursing and midwifery. Implications for nursing Much is written about authorship practices across disciplines and countries. Despite existing authorship guidelines, author order remains an area of confusion and contention. Disputes about authorship and author order have the potential to cause distrust and breakdowns in research relationships, thereby disrupting nursing and midwifery scholarship and research. The main issues concern honorary and ghost authorship, authorship versus acknowledgement, confusion about collaboration, author order, research students as co-authors, equal author credit and the need for explicit guidelines. Conclusion Good communication and mutual respect are crucial to the authorship process. However, clear instructions are needed to guide decisions on authorship and author order. It is recommended that the "first-last-author-emphasis" be adopted uniformly internationally across nursing and midwifery research.

[enter This study aims to explore the challenges facing the perception of women entrepreneurs in Bule Hora town administration. Related to the challenges facing in the perception, attitude, and belief of women entrepreneur in-action and the potential women are segregated. The researchers used a qualitative research design related to the interpretative approach was developed. The researchers used eight interviewees who were involved in the study. The purposive sampling techniques were used to get data from the sample respondent, an interview was used. The qualitative data analysis method thematic data analysis is used. The major finding of the study shows that challenges facing the perception of women entrepreneurs in the study area are a lack of finance, working place, and training, social-cultural factors. The implication of the study will help the government to revise his policy to give a solution personal and organizational –related, legal/administration, economic, social/cultural and other factors that affect the perception of women entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial activity

Creativity and invention? Many experiments by psychologists show that a disorderly work environment can be favorable.

Communication of public authorities and society, in particular, public authorities and separate social groups, is an important component of the political and managerial practice of modern society. The world practice shows that effective communication between these actors provides citizens with free access to information, improves the efficiency of government and local self-government bodies, and creates a favourable environment for business development, which in turn serves as the basis for economic stability and the engine of the country’s social and economic development. In the conditions of the development of the information society, new models, mechanisms, platforms of relations and communication between the authorities and the public are emerging. The constructive interaction between power structures and civil society organizations, with a «feedback» component, will contribute to meeting the needs and interests of citizens and strengthening the credibility of both power structures and civil society institutions. Moreover, it will improve the status of Ukraine at the international level by ensuring compliance with the Association Agreement and creating the preconditions for Ukraine to achieve the 20 key priorities of the Eastern Partnership 2020. In the future, consideration should be given to this issue in order to deepen, broaden and improve the effectiveness of the communication component of the government bodies and civil society organizations in Ukraine. In the implementation of communication interaction, special attention should be paid to providing a feedback between communicators. After all, it is this component of the communications process that provides interaction and information about the society’s reaction to the results of the implemented decisions. Purpose of the research: to conduct a scientific, theoretical and practical analysis of functioning of the existing in Ukraine communication platforms of civil society organizations and authorities in the framework of the Association Agreement and the Eastern Partnership policy papers.

Productivity coaches, boot camps and online meet-ups teach researchers to avoid distractions and negative thoughts to get their writing projects done. Productivity coaches, boot camps and online meet-ups teach researchers to avoid distractions and negative thoughts to get their writing projects done.

In its long-anticipated white paper on housing, the government promised “bold new plans” to fix a broken market, but experts are disappointed, finding in it much blame and tinkering but few solutio...

In Ukraine, women constitute a third of all new HIV infections, and injection drug use accounts for nearly half of HIV infections among women. Women who use drugs (WWUD) often have diminished access to drug use treatment, HIV care, and other health and social services or underutilize women-specific services such as maternal health services. While interpersonal and contextual factors diminish access to and utilization of services among WWUD, rules, processes, and bureaucratic structures also systematically exclude women from accessing services and resources. Institutions, bureaucratic processes, and instruments of legibility such as documents regulate who can and cannot access services and raise questions about "deservingness." In this paper, we use the lens of bureaucracy to explore paperwork as a form of structural violence through its production of "legible" citizens, often through reinforcement of gender stereotypes and moral narratives of deservingness. Between December 2017 and October 2018, we interviewed 41 medical and social service providers and 37 WWUD in two Ukrainian cities. Our analysis revealed that requirements for internal passports and residency permits-the primary state apparatus through which rights to services are granted in Ukraine-compelled participants to continually render themselves visible to the state in order to receive services, despite financial, logistical and other challenges that undermined women's ability to obtain documents. These requirements exposed them to new forms of stigma and exclusion, such as reduced opportunities for employment and losing custody of children. Nongovernmental organizations, due to funding cuts, curtailed direct services such as support groups but became liaisons between clients and the state. They enforced new narratives of deservingness, such as the ability to define "good" behavior or reward social relationships with agency staff. Ukraine's current reforms to social safety net institutions present an opportunity to interrogate underlying assumptions about spheres of responsibility for the country's most marginalized and stigmatized groups.

In this article, we aimed to analyze whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated articles were being subjected to the same standards of peer-review as non-COVID-19 articles. In order to do this, we taught eight PhD students manuscript reviewing skills and analyzed eight papers published in valued journals, five of them on COVID-19. Each selected publication was reviewed by at least two graduate students from a Scientific English class and two scientists in charge of the course at the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Several shortcomings were identified in the revised studies, particularly on those related to COVID-19, which led us to conclude that the emergency imposed by the COVID-19 has endangered the quality of the accepted studies. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread throughout the world. This virus is killing many people, and taking a massive physical, as well as mental toll, on the lives of all those that have been infected (Yi et al., 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has severely depressed every country’s economy because governments have been obliged to apply quarantine measures to control the disease. Thus, the impact has not only been on people’s health, but also on their lifestyle and economic situation (Nicola et al., 2020). For these same reasons, many people, including politicians and leaders from different countries, have turned to the scientific community for answers regarding actions that need to be taken to control and treat the disease. Nevertheless, many scientific studies published these days concerning the COVID-19 virus, even those reported by important journals, fall short on experimental evidence to support their conclusions. It is clear that great pressure exists to rapidly know more about this virus and how to stop the pandemic. Notwithstanding, we believe that this is leading editors and reviewers to accept manuscripts that would have never been considered for publication under different circumstances. It is not bad science, it is just not the complete story; the story that the good, high impact journals would normally ask for, when peer reviewing manuscripts for publication.

Adopting a children’s rights perspective, a critique and analysis underpinned by documentary research methodology was undertaken in order to assess the extent to which the government’s Green Paper (Department of Health and Social Care and Department of Education, 2017. Transforming children and young people’s mental health provision: a green paper. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/transforming-children-and-young-peoples-mental-health-provision-a-green-paper (accessed 7 December 2017)) addresses the mental health and well-being needs of refugee children and young people in England and Wales, identifying strengths, limitations and challenges for future policy and practice. Findings suggest that there is much of potential benefit to refugee children and young people’s future mental health and well-being. However, a paradigm shift, explicit in implications, scale and time frame, will be required, if the Green Paper is to achieve those changes in attitudes, practice and service delivery which it anticipates. We argue that this Green Paper’s overarching challenge is that it is premised on Western-centric models in its understanding of the experiences of refugee children and young people, and management of trauma and mental health. It fails to recognize the meanings and significance of culture, and of diversity and difference, and the need to invest in all communities in facilitating engagement and support for children and young people’s mental health issues.

Objective Examination of de-classified Monsanto documents from litigation in order to expose the impact of the company's efforts to influence the reporting of scientific studies related to the safety of the herbicide, glyphosate. Methods A set of 141 recently de-classified documents, made public during the course of pending toxic tort litigation, In Re Roundup Products Liability Litigation were examined. Results The documents reveal Monsanto-sponsored ghostwriting of articles published in toxicology journals and the lay media, interference in the peer review process, behind-the-scenes influence on retraction and the creation of a so-called academic website as a front for the defense of Monsanto products. Conclusion The use of third-party academics in the corporate defense of glyhphosate reveals that this practice extends beyond the corruption of medicine and persists in spite of efforts to enforce transparency in industry manipulation.

The Global South has seen a proliferation of e-governance initiatives aimed at digitizing governmental service delivery. However, paper continues to remain the primary medium of bureaucracy. During ethnographic fieldwork at the CM Helpline, a state-wide e-governance initiative in central India, we observed that even tech-savvy bureaucrats who fully supported both the initiative and its paper-to-electronic transition ensured that paper continues to persist in abundance. Drawing upon scholarship from HCI, anthropology, and science & technology studies, we theorize this contradiction to uncover the circulations of power between people, paper, and electronic systems. We suggest that designers should recognize that new systems often disempower existing actors. The process of transition should integrate new systems into the existing ecosystem and plan for the graceful retirement of older technologies. In addition to machine errors, systems should be resilient to human errors. Finally, new systems should attend to sociocultural and historical specificities.

OBJECTIVES In China, news media are useful for educating the public about the health threats of air pollution. To explore the potential gaps between scientific findings and the public's understanding of them, the characteristics of news media articles and their corresponding scientific papers were analysed. METHODS We used 22 articles relating to the health outcomes of exposure to outdoor air pollution published on Baidu News over the past year. An assessment tool developed by Robinson et al was used to evaluate the quality scores of news articles. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure the relationship between news media reporting and the characteristics of scientific papers. Misleading reporting, interpretation, or extrapolation in headlines and text bodies of news articles were examined. RESULTS The quality scores of the news articles ranged from -4 to 8, with an overall median score of 3. Correlation results showed that the scientific papers citation in Twitter (r = .88, P < .001) and Facebook (r = .64, P < .01) were significantly and positively associated with their citations in news stories. Media misunderstanding of scientific findings was common: 15 news headlines were identified with at least one spin (misrepresentation of scientific results), and 12 news articles had seven types of spin in the body texts. CONCLUSION Little media attention has been paid to scientific findings by Chinese researchers. Therefore, researchers and science journalists in China should make a better effort to engage in accurate and informative public discourse on domestic research.

Our community publishes peer-reviewed journal, magazine, and conference papers and articles sharing a commitment to originality and to quality content and writing. These papers vary in their characteristics and style, depending on their objectives and their targeted readership. The IEEE Publication Services and Products Board (PSPB) Operations Manual (OM) also provides guidelines differentiating these paper types. There is confusion sometimes, however, concerning the features of magazine papers in particular. Some authors, especially early-career authors, do not fully appreciate certain differences between magazine papers and their journal, transaction, and letter counterparts. This can create a challenge for magazine editors and may result in delay, or rejection, of papers that could have been accepted if written with a better understanding of what magazines are about. We focus our attention here on this issue as it applies to IEEE Communications Magazine (ComMag) in particular. Our goal is to help our new and/or young authors who want to publish in ComMag to customize their writing to the nature of this magazine and enable them to author papers with higher chances of acceptance.

Scholarly efforts to predict the future character of the U.S.-China relationship abound. Few however looks to leaders’ beliefs as valid explanatory variables. In this paper, we argue that state leaders’ belief systems are key to understanding both the states’ intentions and policy choices. We analyze China’s national defense white papers (1998–2015) published to date as the source material to gauge the core collective beliefs of three generations of Chinese leadership. The operational code framework is employed to conceptualize and measure these beliefs. Our results identified important crossgenerational changes in a few belief indicators. In the Xi Jinping era, for instance, the political world is seen as less friendly and cooperative strategies are viewed less favorably. In terms of tactics, the policy tools “threaten” and “promise” are viewed as significantly more useful by the current leadership than by past Chinese leaders.