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3. Calantica cerasifolia (Vent.) Tul. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, s��rie 4, 8: 76-77 (1857). ��� Blackwellia cerasifolia Vent., Choix de Plantes, Dont la Plupart Sont Cultiv��es dans le Jardin de Cels, tab. 56 (1808). ��� Type: Madagascar, s.l. s.d., fl., Commerson s.n. (lecto-, sequentially designated by Sleumer [Adansonia, s��r. 2,12: 542. 1973] and here designated, G [No. G00364811], photo seen; isolecto-, P!; G [unnumbered sheet], photo seen; BM, FI n.v.). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antananarivo, Imerina, �� Ambatovory, IX.1904, fr., Alleizette s.n. (P). ��� Vicinioribus stationis Angavokely, 1550- 1700 m, 26.XI.1967, fl., Bernardi 11601 (P). ��� Imerina, Hugel von Ifanangoavana, I.1881, fl., Hildebrandt 3817 (P). ��� Bongolava, W de Tsiroanomandidy, 1300 m, XII.1954, fl., Morat 4753 (MO). ��� For��t Ambohitantely, V.1985, fl., Rakotozafy 2029 (MO). ��� Angavokely, E de Tananarive, s.d., fl., fr., Service Forestier 648 (P). ��� Mandraka, �� la sortie des gorges (p.K. 70 de la route de Tananarive �� Moramanga), 8.XI.1957, fl., Service Forestier 18406 (P). ��� Province du Vakinankaratra, district d���Ambatolampy, pr��s de Tsinjoarivo, 1600-1650 m, 30.XI.1912, fl., fr., Viguier & Humbert 1880 (P). Prov. Antsiranana, SAVA, Andapa, Doany, Anjialavahely, 14��20���04���S, 49��28���01���E, 551 m, III.2006, fr., Antilahimena & Patrio 4791 (MO, P). ��� Tsaratanana Massif, Mahatsabory Mica, 12 km N Mangindrano, 14��09���09���S, 48��57���21���E, 2050 m, 15.X.2001, fl., Birkinshaw 924 (MO, P). ��� Besinkara (14��04���S, 48��17���E), Ambalafary, 500 m au NW du hameau, au bord de l���Andavakeva, coord. pr��cises (Laborde): 599900/ 1334300, 390 m, 4.IX.1997, fl., Gautier et al. 3235 (MO, P). ��� Souspr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, fokontany d���Ankijabe, for��t de Binara, camp I (13��15���S, 49��37���E), 1.5 km �� l���WSW du camp, 700 m, 8.XI.2001, fl., fr., Gautier & Ravelonarivo 4121 (MO). ��� Souspr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, Daraina, for��t d���Antsahabe (13��13���S, 49��33���E), �� 300 m du point cot�� 1088, au 153��, coord. pr��cises (WGS 84) 13��13.05���S, 49��32.77���E, 990 m, 29.XI.2004, fl., Gautier 4792 (MO). ��� Nosi-b��, Seestrand, II.1880, fr., Hildebrandt 3335 (P). ��� Bassin sup��rieur du Sambirano, for��t de Besanatribe, 1200 m, XI-XII.1937, fl., Humbert 18713 (P, TAN). ��� SE of Maroantsetra, NW coast of Masoala Peninsula, S of village of Ambanizana, 2-20 m, 17.X.1986, fl., Lowry et al. 4158 (MO, P). ��� Rive gauche du Sambirano, V.1909, fr., Perrier de la B��thie 3825 (P). ��� Environs de Zangoa, base du Massif de Manongarive [sic], III.1909, fr., Perrier de la B��thie 4604 (P). ��� Fiv. Ambanja, fir. Ambodimanga-Ramena, fkt. Antahabe, Antsaharatsy, 13��48���35���S, 48��47���36���E, 400 m, 13.IV.2000, fl., Rabenantoandro et al. 179 (MO, P). ��� Sommet de Beampoko, Ambohimirahavavy, 14��13���55���S, 49��08���23���E, 2137 m, 21.XI.2005, fl., Rakotovao et al. 2564 (MO, P). ��� Sava, Andapa, Doany, Anjialavahely, for��t d���Ankarongameloka, 14��20���14���S, 49��28���02���E, 513 m, III.2006, fr., Rakotovao et al.2982 (MO, P). ��� Ambanja, Ambodimanga-Ramena, Antsahabe, Mandrizavona, 13��47���31���S, 48��45���26���E, 460 m, 12.IV.2000, fl., fr., Ratovoson et al. 206 (G, MO, P). ��� DIANA, Tsaratanana, 13��57���S, 48��52���E, 11.X.2001, Razakamalala et al. 173 (MO). ��� Fokontany Ampitambe, Ambatovy, commune rurale Ambohibary, district Moramanga, SE Bureau Dynatec, 18��51���30���S, 48��19���23���E, 1119 m, 22.II.2005, fr., Razanatsoa et al. 286 (MO). ��� R.N. 4, canton Marovato, district Ambanja, VI.1951, fr., R��serves Naturelles 2845 (MO, P). ��� Beangona, Ambanja, 12.I.1956, fr., R��serves Naturelles 7903 (P). ��� R��serve Int��grale 12, Massif de Marojejy, just N of village of Mandena on edge of reserve, 5 mi N of Manantenina which lies 42 km by road NE of Andapa on Highway 36, 14��27���S, 49��50���E, 100-200 m, 19.IX.1987, fl., Schatz et al. 1554 (MO). Prov. Fianarantsoa, S of Farafangana in For��t Class��e near Manombo Reserve, 23��03���16���S, 47��40���28���E, 100 m, 15.XI.2011, fr., McPherson & Rabenantoandro 18421 (MO). ��� Farafangana, for��t class��e de Manombo, 23��04���00���S, 47��40���33���E, 42 m, 27.IX.2002, fl., Rabevohitra et al. 4146 (MO). ��� Parc National de Ranomafana, Parcelle III, pr��s de la case de recherche (JC 250 m, #949), 21��16���S, 47��25���E, 800-1000 m, 12.XI.1992, fl., Rakoto 316 (MO, P). ��� Same loc. (F 1630 m, #835), 900-1100 m, 10.XII.1992, fl., fr., Rakoto 362 (MO, P). ��� Isahara, Vangaindrano, 20.I.1950, fr., Service Forestier 2736 (P). ��� Ambodisonina, Anosimparihy, Mananjary, 14.I.1952, fr., Service Forestier 5615 (P). ��� Fenoarivo, Ilakatra, Vohipeno, 20.XI.1952, fl., Service Forestier 6441 (P). ��� Ambinanindrano, Vatomasina, Vohipeno, 13.XII.1952, fl., Service Forestier 7064 (MO, P). ��� Analatsihy, Tolongoina, Fort-Carnot, 23.X.1952, fl., Service Forestier 7139 (P). ��� Ankarenambe, Ankarimbelo, 12.I.1954, fl., Service Forestier 9484 (P). ��� Andrambovato, Tolongoina, B-11, 7.I.1954, fl., Service Forestier 9550 (P). ��� Marohandry, Marokarina, Mananjary, 20.XII.1954, fr., Service Forestier 13680 (P). ��� Ambatofotsy, Ampasinambo, Nosy-Varika, 17.I.1955, fr., Service Forestier 13714 (MO, P). ��� Andramba, Kianjavato, Mananjary, 18.XII.1954, fl., Service Forestier 14402 (P). ��� Ambalarano, canton Ifanirea, district Fort-Carnot, 24.IV.1960, fl., Service Forestier 19711 (MO, P). ��� Restes de for��t au S de Farafangana (route de Manombo, aux P.K. 20-21), 14- 17.X.1964, fl., Service Forestier 23607 (MO, P). Prov. Mahajanga, bassin versant de la Bemafo, 14��13���30���S, 49��03���32���E, 1827 m, 27.X.2005, fl., fr., Buerki et al. 115 (MO, P). ��� Mangindrano, 14��13���03���S, 49��04���10���E, 1892 m, 20.X.2005, fl, Callmander et al. 408 (MO, P). ��� Ankaizina, VIII.1908, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 2357 (P). ��� Ankaizina, 1000 m, IX.1922, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 15114 (P). ��� Fokontany Tsaravilona Amparihy Androva, suivant la ligne de cr��te au N du camp II vers SE, 14��55���22���S, 49��25���55���E, 1195 m, 24.II.2008, fr., Ravelonarivo et al. 2986 (MO). ��� Fokontana Tsaravilona Amparihy Androva, sur le sommet de Volamba et ses alentours, 14��53���30���S, 49��25���01���E, 1288 m, 29.II.2008, fr., Ravelonarivo et al. 3082 (MO). Prov.Toamasina, fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Ambanizana, fok. Ambanizana, along path between Ambanizana ��� Andranobe, 15��39���19���S, 49��57���39���E, 11 m, 25.X.2004, fl., Antilahimena 2964 (MO, P). ��� Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Anjahana, fok. Ambanizana, Amboninandzoka River, 15��38���14���S, 49��57���59���E, 10 m, 14.IV.2002, fl., Antilahimena & Aridy 994 (MO). ��� Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Sahaivo forest, 18��50���26���S, 48��17���55���E, 1087 m, 9.XI.2006, fl., Antilahimena & Edmond 4918 (MO, P). ��� Alaotra-Mangoro region, fivondronana Moramanga, commune Andasibe, fokontany Berano, Ambatovy forest, 18��48���28���S, 48��18���43���E, 1100 m, 26.I.2005, fl., Antilahimena et al. 3244 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., 18��48���27���S, 48��18���40���E, 1145 m, 1.II.2005, fl., Antilahimena etal. 3257 (MO, P). ��� Ankaraoha, for��t au N de la route de Nickelville partie sup��rieure vers 1200 m, 29.XII.1954, fr., Homolle 2130 (P). ��� Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Pr��fecture de Moramanga, for��t de Sahamaloto, 19��03���11���S, 48��12���34���E, 1054-1059 m, 12.II.2001, fl., fr., Hong-Wa 48 (G, MO). ��� Ambila-Lemaitso, E of Brickaville, Old Station Foresti��re, c. 5 km S of town, 18��54���S, 49��07���E, 10 m, 17.I.1999, fl., Lowry & Miller 5132 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, fl., Lowry & Miller 5136 (MO, P). ��� For��t d���Analamazaotra, 800 m, fl., fr., Perrier de la B��thie 6721 (P). ��� Same loc., possibly X, fl., fr., Perrier de la B��thie 6723 (P). ��� Same loc., fl., Perrier de la B��thie 6726 (P, TAN). ��� Phelps Dodge project site, c. 15 air-km NE of Moramanga, 11 km E of Antanambo, Ambatovy, Antsahalava River E, 18��50���54���S, 48��17���56���E, 1000 m, 1.II.1997, fr., Rakotomalaza et al. 1086 (MO, P). ��� Phelps Dodge project site, c. 15 air-km E of Moramanga, 11 km E of Antanambao, Torotorofotsy, 18��53���S, 48��21���E, 950 m, 24.II.1997, fr., Rakotomalaza et al. 1184 (MO, P). ��� Ambodisaina, 17��17���25���S, 48��40���30���E, 850 m, 13.I.2002, fl., Rakotonandrasana 619 (MO). ��� District Moramanga, commune Ambohibary, fokontany Ampitambe, Ambatovy, environ 22 km NE de Moramanga, 18��48���55���S, 48��19���35���E, 1109 m, 21.II.2005, fr., Rakotovao et al. 1261 (MO, P). ��� Fiv. Ambatondrazaka, commune Antanandava, fkt. Antanandava, 3 km au SW d���Ankosy, 17��29���07���S, 48��44���02���E, 1157 m, 27.I.2001, fr., Randrianasolo et al. 182 (MO). ��� Zahamena PN, Antoby, 3 km �� l���E d���Andranomalaza, 17��38���38���S, 48��38���24���E, 1025 m, 18.I.2003, fl., Randrianasolo 354 (MO, P). ��� R��serve Naturelle Int��grale de Zahamena, Montagne de Randovalo, Commune de Manakambahiny Est, souspr��fecture d���Ambatondrazaka, 17��40���05���S, 48��45���30���E, 1400 m, 4.XI.1994, fl., Randrianjanaka & Zafy 258 (MO, P). ��� Ambatondrazaka, Manakambahiny Est, Nosivola, 3 km NW de Nosivola, 17��41���01���S, 48��32���38���E, 900 m, 3.XI.2001, Ratovoson et al. 600 (MO, P). ��� Fokontany Ampitambe, Ambatovy, commune rurale Ambohibary, district Moramanga, SE Bureau Dynatec, 18��51���30���S, 48��19���23���E, 1119 m, 22.II.2005, fr., Razanatsoa et al. 286 (P). ��� Manambato, F��n��rive, 14.XII.1955, fl., R��serves Naturelles 7721 (P). ��� Canton Ambodiriana, district Tamatave, 8.XII.1956, fr., R��serves Naturelles 8035 (P). ��� Masoala Peninsula, c. 3 km NE of Antalavia, along Antalavia River, 15��47���S, 50��02���E, 200-380 m, 13-16. XI.1989, fl., Schatz et al. 2825 (MO, P). ��� Masoala Peninsula, just S of Ambanizana, 15��38���S, 49��58���E, 20 m, 17.XI.1989, fl., Schatz et al. 2829 (MO, P). ��� Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, trail along coast, 1-3 km S of Ambanizana, 15��39���S, 49��58���E, 0-10 m, 26.X.1992, fl., Schatz et al. 3323 (MO, P). ��� Analamazaotra, I.[1919?], fl., Service de Colonisation 74 (P). ��� Soanierana-Ivongo, 27.XII.1949, fl., Service Forestier 2302 (P). ��� Manangisy, Brickaville, 1.III.1951, fr., Service Forestier 3223 (P). ��� Bassin de la Rantabe, entre Antsamelahy et Beanana, vers 500 m, 19.II.1954, fr., Service Forestier 9046 (MO, P). ��� Ambavadiala, Andilamena, Ambatondrazaka, 8.I.1956, fr., Service Forestier 15716 (P). Prov.Toliara, Fort-Dauphin, s.d., Cloisel 131 (P). ��� NW of Tolanaro, R��serve Naturelle Int��grale #11 (Andohahela) parcelle I, NW of Eminiminy, beside River Itrotroky, 24��38���S, 46��46���E, 500-1000 m, 6-13.II.1993, fr., Malcomber et al. 2200 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, Malcomber et al. 2201 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, Malcomber et al. 2216 (MO, P). ��� Anosy Region, commune rurale Mahatalaky, fokontany Tsialagna, Tsialagna For��t 1.5 km N du Tsialagna, 24��43���01���S, 47��00���39��� E, 190 m, 19.XI.2009, post-fl. Rakotovao et al. 4605 (G, MO). ��� R��serve Naturelle Int��grale #11, parcelle 1, �� vicinit�� d���Eminiminy, 24��40���S, 46��48���E, 200- 700 m, 13-25.I.1993, fr., Randriamampionona 18 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, fl., Randriamampionona 70 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, fl., Randriamampionona 71 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, fr., Randriamampionona 72 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., same date, fl., Randriamampionona 74 (P, MO); Same loc., same date, fr., Randriamampionona 75 (MO, P). ��� Anosy Region, district Fort-Dauphin, commune Bevoay, fokontany Fenoambany, Androranga, 24��29���39���S, 472 05���39���E, 171 m, 18.XI.2009, fl., Razakamalala & Ramison 4687 (G, K, MO). ��� Fort-Dauphin, Iaboko, Antsotso, for��t Ivohibe, 24��33���52���S, 47��11���43���E, 386 m, XI.2005, fr., Razakamalala et al. 2537 (MO). ��� R. N. XI [Andohahela], Marosohihy, canton Enanilahy, district Fort-Dauphin, 17.XII.1951, fl., R��serves Naturelles 3439 (P). ��� Amifia dans la R.N. no. XI [Andohahela], bord de rivi��re de Ranohela, 15.XII.1965, fl., Service Forestier 25545 (P). Unknown locality or origin, Central Madagascar, 1885, fl., fr., Baron 3721 (P). ��� S.l., s.d., fl., Bojer s.n. (P). ��� S.l., s.d., fl., Commerson s.n. (P). ��� Partie sup��rieure de la for��t, 1200 m, 29.XII.1944, fr., Cours 2130 (P). ��� Mana [n]tenina, tanety, 450 m, 30.XII.1948, fl., Cours 3164 (MO, P). ��� Route Ampalanana, s.d., fr., Cours 27681 (P). ��� Tananarive, Tsimbaza [za] Botanical Garden Arboretum, 1200 m, 19.I.1975, Croat 28779 (MO). ��� Antananarivo, Parc de Tsimbazaza, cultivated, 21.X.1984, fl., Dorr & Barnett 3155 (MO, P). POSSIBLE HYBRIDS (C. CERASIFOLIA �� C. GRANDIFLORA). ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, fiv. Voh��mar, commune Fanambana, for��t d���Analalava, localit�� Antsoha, 13��35���37���S, 49��59���11���E, 12.XI.2001, fl., fr., Randrianaivo et al. 744 (MO). ��� Prov. Mahajanga, fiv. Befandriana-Nord, fir. Mantsodaka, fok. Manandriana, for��t d���Analabe, versant W de la R��serve Sp��ciale d���Anjanaharibe-Sud, 13.5 km SW de Befingotra, Campement 3, 14��47.0���S, 49��26.5���E, 1200 m, 2.XI.1999, fl., Rakotomalaza et al. 2080 (MO). ��� Prov. Toamasina, 6-10 km S of Ambila-Lemaitso, 18��51���S, 49��08���E, 0-20 m, 6.III.1988, fr., Schatz et al. 1948 (MO, P). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY Calantica cerasifolia is widely distributed in humid forests of eastern Madagascar and in littoral forest; it occurs at a wide range of altitudes (from sea level to over 2100 m), on laterite, rocky or siliceous soil, or sandstone, often on streambanks or in streambeds, or on dry hills. REMARKS Calantica cerasifolia is a tree to 25 m and 100 cm dbh with pale bark, described on only one specimen label (probably in error) as lianoid. It is notable for its large inflorescences of numerous small flowers (usually 5-7.5 mm in diameter, rarely to 10 mm). The perianth is pale or yellowish green to whitish (rarely described as yellow-orange), the glands yellow to orange, the disk pale green or yellow becoming reddish, the filaments white, and the anthers red to brown, yellow, or black. Flowers are often reported to be scented. As herein circumscribed, Calantica cerasifolia is widespread in humid forests and encompasses exceptional morphological variability. The leaves are quite variable in shape and size; in general, they are broadest at or above the middle, frequently with cuspidate apices, convex bases, and crenate to subentire margins. Three regional variants are particularly worth noting. Several specimens from very high altitudes in Antsiranana (1827-2137 m) have thickened, often suborbicular, strongly crenate leaves, and a larger group of specimens from moderate-elevation forests (950-1100 m) in Toamasina have small obovate leaves, with apices relatively often rounded to retuse and bases relatively often cuneate. Low-elevation collections from the northeastern Masoala region have unusually large leaves, which tend to be oblong and to have rounded to rounded-truncate rather than convex bases. However, a wide range of variation in leaf morphology is seen within other species in association with altitudinal variation (van Steenis 1957) and the floral morphology is not significantly different in any of these populations. Calantica cerasifolia is likely to be closely related to C. grandiflora, which has pilose inflorescences, only sparsely or partly pubescent ovaries, and usually much larger flowers with larger sepal glands that have a less corrugated surface. Three specimens, cited above as possible hybrids, have been identified that have intermediate characteristics, combining pilose pedicels and sepals with more or less densely pubescent ovaries. The flowers of these specimens are 8-10.5mm in diameter (unusually large for C. cerasifolia, unusually small for C. grandiflora); the sepal glands are over 1 mm long, which is very rare in C. cerasifolia, but sometimes have a densely corrugated surface typical of that species. Leaf morphology in these specimens is variable, as it is in C. cerasifolia. Two of these specimens were collected in areas where both species are known; one (Schatz et al. 1948) was collected simultaneously with typical C. grandiflora (Schatz et al. 1947). The third (Rakotomalaza et al. 2080) is problematic because it was collected at 1200 m, while C. grandiflora occurs only at low altitudes near the coasts. As C. cerasifolia occurs at a complete range of altitudes, we tentatively hypothesize that this specimen results from gene flow following introgression of C. cerasifolia genes at a lower altitude. Further investigation of this population would be desirable. The original material of Blackwellia cerasifolia was described by Ventenat (1808: 56) as ���originaire de Madagascar; cultiv�� dans le Jardin Botanique de l���Isle de France, o�� le C��l��bre Naturaliste Riche avoit cueilli l���exemplaire que je fais figurer.��� No specimen attributed to Riche exists.A collection by Commerson, of which material at G was designated as &, Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 87-91, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["STEENIS VAN C. G. G. J. 1957. - Specific and infraspecific delimitation. FloraMalesiana ser. I, vol. 5 (3): clxvii-ccxxxiv.","VENTENAT E. P. 1803 - 1808. - Choix de Plantes, Dont la Plupart Sont Cultivees Dans le Jardin de Cels. Crapelet, Paris: 126 p. [numbered as 60 p.] + 60 t.","SLEUMER H. 1972. - Revision du genre Calantica Tul. (Flacourtiacees). Adansonia, ser. 2, 12: 539 - 544 (published in 1973).","PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H. 1946. - Flacourtiacees. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 140: 1 - 131.","MCNEILL J., BARRIE F. R., BUCK W. R., DEMOULIN V., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., MARHOLD K., PRADO J., PRUD' HOMME VAN REINE W. F., SMITH G. F., WIERSEMA J. H. & TURLAND N. J. 2012. - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile Vol. 154. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, xxx + 240 p."]}

2. Calantica capuronii Sleumer Adansonia, s��r. 2, 12: 543-544 (1973). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Analamarina, Fort-Carnot, 15.X.1955, fl., Service Forestier 15285 (holo-, P!; iso-, L, TEF, photos seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov Fianarantsoa, Manakara, 17.XI.1952, fl., Service Forestier 6551 (P). ��� Mont Vatovavy, �� l���W d���Antsanavola (bassin de la Mananjary), 1.II.1964, fl., Service Forestier 23231 (MO, P��2). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica capuronii is native to a small portion of southeastern Madagascar; it probably occurs in humid forest. REMARKS The only habit information recorded for Calantica capuronii is ���arbuste���; since small individuals of other species that are definitely trees are sometimes similarly described, it is possible that C. capuronii is actually, at least sometimes, a small tree, as is the usual case in this genus. Vernacular names Fandrianakanga (Service Forestier 15285); Vandrikala (Service Forestier 6551). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica capuronii is Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), with an Extent of Occurrence of 1442 km 2, and an Area of Occupancy of less than 500 km 2. It is known from three locations relatively close together; remaining natural vegetation in the area is subject to continuing habitat degradation., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455

9. Calantica pseudobiseriata Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Differs from C. biseriata in ovate to elliptical, acuminate to acute leaves, sparsely puberulent ovary, and long (1.5- 2 mm) styles. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, remnant native vegetation 1-2 km E of Fampanambo, 15°22’35”S, 49°37’46”E, 20 m, 28.I.1999, fl., Schatz et al. 3856 (holo-, MO!; iso-, BR!, G!, K!, P!, TEF n.v.). DESCRIPTION Tree to 12 m tall, the young twigs pubescent. Leaves medium green, somewhat fleshy, elliptical to ovate, (3-)6-9.4 × (1.5-) 2.5-4.8 cm; petiole 5-10.5 mm long, pubescent; stipules caducous, linear, 2.4-3 mm long, pubescent; base convex; apex acuminate to acute (aberrantly rounded); margins serrate; abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, mostly along large veins; adaxial surface sparsely pubescent on midrib, otherwise glabrate; venation pinnate; lateral veins (5-)7-9 pairs, semicraspedodromous, mostly festooned. Inflorescences lateral on lower portions of defoliated twigs, 2-4.5 cm long, 7-23-flowered, pubescent; bracts deltoid to narrowly deltoid or ovate, 0.5-1 mm long, pubescent; pedicels 6-12 mm long, pubescent. Flowers 6-7-merous, 7.5-9.5 mm in diameter; sepals light green, narrowly ovate, 2.5-3.1 mm long, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, adaxial surface velutinous near margins, otherwise glabrate; sepal glands transversely elliptical to suborbicular with basal margin rounded and apical margin roundedtruncate, 0.8-1.1 mm long, adaxial surface densely strigose to hispid; petals deep red, narrowly ovate to ovate-elliptical, 2.6-3.2 mm long, abaxial surface velutinous, adaxial surface velutinous to tomentose near margins, otherwise glabrate; disk deep red, sparsely puberulent; stamens in groups of 3 per petal; filaments 2-3.6 mm long, glabrous; anthers c. 0.3 mm long; ovary sparsely puberulent; styles 3, 1.5-2 mm long, usually with a prominent basal ridge where the style joins the ovary. Fruit unknown. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT The type locality of Calantica pseudobiseriata sp. nov. is low-altitude humid forest in northeastern Madagascar. REMARKS Calantica pseudobiseriata sp. nov. is a tree that has leaves with serrate margins, reddish flowers, and stamens in groups of 3 opposite each petal. It is quite similar in appearance to C. biseriata, to which it is probably most closely related. It may be distinguished from that species by its sparsely puberulent ovary, which is dark-colored in dried material, and long styles (1.5-2 mm long, vs C. biseriata) that usually have a prominent ridge at the juncture with the ovary. The leaves of C. pseudobiseriata sp. nov. are ovate to elliptical with acuminate to acute apices, whereas those of C. biseriata are usually broadly elliptical to suborbicular with abruptly cuspidate or very short-acuminate apices, although C. biseriata has a range of variation in leaf shape that, at its extreme, could approach that of C. pseudobiseriata sp. nov. Calantica pseudobiseriata sp. nov. is native to humid forest in northeastern Madagascar, whereas C. biseriata is native to dry forests in western to extreme northern Madagascar. CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica pseudobiseriata sp. nov. is Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii)). With an Area of Occupancy of less than 10 km 2, it is known only from a single location, which is not protected and is subject to continuing habitat degradation. The type locality is relatively close to the large protected area of Masoala National Park, but no specimens from Masoala have been seen, although the area is well collected (over 2500 specimens in MBG’s TROPICOS database).

10. Calantica sphaerocephala Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptical; inflorescences cauliflorous; sepals bearing conspicuous glands on prominent marginal projections; stamens long (6-7.4 mm). TYPUS. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Anjombavola (= Ambatobiribiry), c. 10 air-km N of Sambava, 14��10���55���S, 50��05���14���E, 280 m, 9.V.2000, fl., Lowry & Rabenantoandro 5196 (holo-, MO!; iso-, BR!, G!, K!, P!, WAG!, TEF n.v.). PARATYPUS. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forest of low elevation on massif of Tsihomanaomby, 3 km NW of Seranampotaka (2 km W of Route Nationale Sambava to Voh��mar), 14��06���03���S, 50��02���52���E, 150 m, 9.V.2000, post-fr., Birkinshaw et al. 734 (G, K, MO, P). DESCRIPTION Tree to 8 m tall, dbh 5 cm, lower portion of trunk unbranched; bark blackish; young twigs glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, (7-)8.5- 14.5 �� 2.4-6.1 cm; petiole 5-12 mm long, glabrous; stipules caducous, awl-shaped, 0.5-1.5 mm long, glabrate; base convex; apex acute to acuminate; margins serrulate; abaxial and adaxial surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate; lateral veins weak, sometimes visible on either surface but at most slightly raised, numerous, semicraspedodromous, mostly festooned. Inflorescences cauliflorous on upper two-thirds of trunk and on branches, borne singly or clustered, 2.5-5.5(-7) cm long, many-flowered, at anthesis short-branched with flowers in dense irregularly shaped, often roughly subglobose clusters, short-pubescent with erect trichomes; bracts dark red, narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, 1.8-3.1 mm long, with gland-bearing marginal projections, sparsely short-pubescent; pedicels 5-7.5 mm long, short-pubescent. Flowers 6-7-merous, 9-11 mm in diameter; sepals pale yellowish green, narrowly ovate to elliptical, 3.5-5 mm long, with prominent gland-bearing projections along the margin, abaxial surface short-pubescent, adaxial surface short-pubescent; sepal glands yellow to dark red, orbicular to broadly ovate, concave with sometimes prominently raised margins, 1.2-1.7 mm long, the surface almost smooth; petals pale yellowish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-elliptical, 3-4.5 mm long, slightly smaller and narrower than sepals, abaxial surface short-pubescent especially towards apex,adaxial surface short-pubescent; disk short-pubescent to glabrous; stamens 1 per petal; filaments 6-7.4 mm long, pilose; anthers reddishbrown, 0.6-0.8 mm long; ovary short-pubescent; styles 3-4, 1.8-2.2 mm long. Capsules c. 6.5 mm high, short-pubescent; seeds ovoid, c. 2.5 mm long, bearing straight white trichomes about twice as long as seed. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is native to a small region of northern Madagascar near Sambava; it occurs in dense, low-elevation (150-280 m) humid forest on sand or basalt. REMARKS Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is a distinctive species, easily recognized by its cauliflorous inflorescences, which are short, usually irregularly subglobose, and dense. The sepals have prominent peg-shaped, gland-tipped marginal projections that are not present in any related species. The sepal glands are nearly smooth-surfaced and tend to be concave with elevated margins. The flowers are relatively large; the filaments are longer than those of any other species (6-7.4 mm), and the styles are unusually long (1.8-2.2 mm). The living plant is described as having horizontal branches, vertical petioles, and horizontal leaf blades (Birkinshaw et al. 734). This species does not closely resemble any other, and its affinities are uncertain. Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is native to the same part of northeastern Madagascar as Homalium cauliflorum H. Perrier, which also has cauliflorous inflorescences and similarly shaped leaves (Perrier de la B��thie 1940, 1946). The flowers of H. cauliflorum are 8-10-merous and less than half as large (c. 4 mm in diameter), with stamens shorter than the petals, densely hairy sepal glands, 4-6 styles, and a semi-inferior, flattened, pilose ovary. Ethnobotany The wood of Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is said to be hard (Birkinshaw et al. 734). Vernacular name Piro (Birkinshaw et al. 734). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)). With an Area of Occupancy of only c. 20 km 2, the species is known only from two locations, neither protected and both subject to continuing habitat degradation., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 100-101, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H. 1940. - Revision des Flacourtiacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, n. s., 13: 261 - 301.","PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H. 1946. - Flacourtiacees. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 140: 1 - 131."]}

Calantica jalbertii (Tul.) Baill., as ��� Jauberti ���, Bulletin Mensuel de la Soci��t�� Linn��enne de Paris 1: 573 (1886). ��� Bivinia jalbertii Tul., as ��� Jalberti ���, Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, s��r. 4, 8: 78-79. 1857. No modern treatment of Calantica has followed Baillon (1886) in subsuming the single species of Bivinia into Calantica. Bivinia, which has long spiciform inflorescences and relatively numerous stamens, much more closely resembles some species of Homalium. It is distinguished from Homalium by its superior ovary and apetalous condition; the latter is undoubtedly derived. Interestingly, B. jalbertii is native both to western and southeastern Madagascar and to East Africa from Zimbabwe to Kenya., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["BAILLON H. 1886. - Liste des plantes de Madagascar (suite de la page 568). Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Paris 1: 572 - 576."]}

1. Calantica biseriata H. Perrier M��moires du Mus��um national d���Histoire naturelle, Paris, n.s., 13: 285 (1940). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Mahajanga, bords rocailleux et bois��s du Kapiloza (Ambonga), II.1905, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 1799 (lecto-, designated by Sleumer [Adansonia, s��r. 2, 12: 543], P!; iso-, L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Diego region, Joffreville district, c. 27 km SW of Diego Suarez (Antsiranana) on Diego Suarez-Joffreville road and c. 3.75 km E of Joffreville city center, c. 500 m from road on road to habitation, 12��28���31���S, 49��13���07���E, 660 m, 17.IV.1993, fr., Harder et al. 1624 (MO). Prov. Mahajanga, Tsingy de Bemaraha N of the Manambolo river, 19��09���S, 44��49���E, 50 m, 5.XII.1996, fl., Jongkind et al. 3398 (MO). ��� Environs rivi��re Ambodiria, �� l���E d���Ambinda (RN 9, pr��s d���Antsalova), 18��38���S, 44��42���E, 100-200 m, 4.XII.1992, buds, Labat & Deroin 2294 (MO, P). ��� Tsingy du Bemarahy [Bemaraha] (9 e R��serve), Andranoboka, 200-300 m, 27.XI.1932, Leandri 548 (P��2). ��� Bemaraha Nord, 20-30.XI.1932, fl., Leandri 663bis (P). ��� Antsingy, vers Ambodiriana (E d���Antsalova), bord de la piste Tsiandro-Antsalova, 100- 150 m, 9.XII.1952, fr., Leandri 2096 (MO, P��2). ��� Kay, pr��s Kimadio, environs de Mavetanana [sic], IX.1905, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 6730 (P). ��� R.N. 8 [Namoroka], canton Andranomavo, district Soalala, 8.IV.1952, fl., R��serves Naturelles 3894 (MO, P). ��� R.N. IX [Bemaraha], district Antsalova, 7.XII.1952, R��serves Naturelles 4674 (P). ��� For��t de l���Antsingy, clairi��re d���Ambodiriana (route Antsalova-Tsiandro), 9.XII.1952, fr., Service Forestier 6806 (MO, P). ��� Bekorabaka, canton Kandreo, district Maevatanana, bord d���un ruisseau (Bekoratsaka), 27.XII.1957, fr., Service Forestier 19033 (P��2). ��� Andrafiamena [River] (affluent du haut Rodo), 8.II.1966, fl., Service Forestier 24545 (P). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY Calantica biseriata is native to forests of western to northern Madagascar, often bordering rivers or streams, on limestone. REMARKS Calantica biseriata is a tree to 20 m, sometimes multi-trunked, with finely fissured bark. The petals are reddish or reddish-green, while the sepals may be green; the glands and anthers are (at least sometimes) yellowish and the filaments reddish. Ethnobotany The semi-soft wood of Calantica biseriata is used for construction (Service Forestier 19033). Vernacular names Hazoambo (Labat & Deroin 2294); Hazofoty (Leandri 548). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica biseriata is Vulnerable (VU B2ab(iii)). Although the Extent of Occurrence is 91 262 km 2, the Area of Occupancy is estimated to be less than 2000 km 2, and fewer than ten locations are known; remaining natural vegetation in most of the known range is experiencing anthropogenic decline in area and quality. It is present in two protected areas, Bemaraha and Namoroka., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455

10. Calantica sphaerocephala Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptical; inflorescences cauliflorous; sepals bearing conspicuous glands on prominent marginal projections; stamens long (6-7.4 mm). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Anjombavola (= Ambatobiribiry), c. 10 air-km N of Sambava, 14°10’55”S, 50°05’14”E, 280 m, 9.V.2000, fl., Lowry & Rabenantoandro 5196 (holo-, MO!; iso-, BR!, G!, K!, P!, WAG!, TEF n.v.). PARATYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forest of low elevation on massif of Tsihomanaomby, 3 km NW of Seranampotaka (2 km W of Route Nationale Sambava to Vohémar), 14°06’03”S, 50°02’52”E, 150 m, 9.V.2000, post-fr., Birkinshaw et al. 734 (G, K, MO, P). DESCRIPTION Tree to 8 m tall, dbh 5 cm, lower portion of trunk unbranched; bark blackish; young twigs glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, (7-)8.5- 14.5 × 2.4-6.1 cm; petiole 5-12 mm long, glabrous; stipules caducous, awl-shaped, 0.5-1.5 mm long, glabrate; base convex; apex acute to acuminate; margins serrulate; abaxial and adaxial surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate; lateral veins weak, sometimes visible on either surface but at most slightly raised, numerous, semicraspedodromous, mostly festooned. Inflorescences cauliflorous on upper two-thirds of trunk and on branches, borne singly or clustered, 2.5-5.5(-7) cm long, many-flowered, at anthesis short-branched with flowers in dense irregularly shaped, often roughly subglobose clusters, short-pubescent with erect trichomes; bracts dark red, narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, 1.8-3.1 mm long, with gland-bearing marginal projections, sparsely short-pubescent; pedicels 5-7.5 mm long, short-pubescent. Flowers 6-7-merous, 9-11 mm in diameter; sepals pale yellowish green, narrowly ovate to elliptical, 3.5-5 mm long, with prominent gland-bearing projections along the margin, abaxial surface short-pubescent, adaxial surface short-pubescent; sepal glands yellow to dark red, orbicular to broadly ovate, concave with sometimes prominently raised margins, 1.2-1.7 mm long, the surface almost smooth; petals pale yellowish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-elliptical, 3-4.5 mm long, slightly smaller and narrower than sepals, abaxial surface short-pubescent especially towards apex,adaxial surface short-pubescent; disk short-pubescent to glabrous; stamens 1 per petal; filaments 6-7.4 mm long, pilose; anthers reddishbrown, 0.6-0.8 mm long; ovary short-pubescent; styles 3-4, 1.8-2.2 mm long. Capsules c. 6.5 mm high, short-pubescent; seeds ovoid, c. 2.5 mm long, bearing straight white trichomes about twice as long as seed. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is native to a small region of northern Madagascar near Sambava; it occurs in dense, low-elevation (150-280 m) humid forest on sand or basalt. REMARKS Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is a distinctive species, easily recognized by its cauliflorous inflorescences, which are short, usually irregularly subglobose, and dense. The sepals have prominent peg-shaped, gland-tipped marginal projections that are not present in any related species. The sepal glands are nearly smooth-surfaced and tend to be concave with elevated margins. The flowers are relatively large; the filaments are longer than those of any other species (6-7.4 mm), and the styles are unusually long (1.8-2.2 mm). The living plant is described as having horizontal branches, vertical petioles, and horizontal leaf blades (Birkinshaw et al. 734). This species does not closely resemble any other, and its affinities are uncertain. Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is native to the same part of northeastern Madagascar as Homalium cauliflorum H. Perrier, which also has cauliflorous inflorescences and similarly shaped leaves (Perrier de la Bâthie 1940, 1946). The flowers of H. cauliflorum are 8-10-merous and less than half as large (c. 4 mm in diameter), with stamens shorter than the petals, densely hairy sepal glands, 4-6 styles, and a semi-inferior, flattened, pilose ovary. Ethnobotany The wood of Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is said to be hard (Birkinshaw et al. 734). Vernacular name Piro (Birkinshaw et al. 734). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica sphaerocephala sp. nov. is Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)). With an Area of Occupancy of only c. 20 km 2, the species is known only from two locations, neither protected and both subject to continuing habitat degradation.

6. Calantica grandiflora Jaub. ex Tul. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, s��rie 4, 8: 75- 76 (1857). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, [Ile] Sainte-Marie, 1835, fl., Bernier 376 (2nd envoi) (lecto-, sequentially designated by Sleumer [Adansonia, s��r. 2,12: 542. 1973] and here designated, P! [P00346109]; iso-, P!; G, photo seen; fragm., L, photo seen) ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, N d���Ampanavoana, Vinanivao, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15��41���S, 50��21���40���E, 0-10 m, 13.III.1996, fl., Bernard 225 (MO, P). ��� For��t littorale Ambodipont, Vinanivao, Antalaha, Parc Masoala, 15��44���45���S, 50��19���25���E, 0-10 m, 3.X.1996, fl., Bernard 342 (MO, P). ��� Environs de Sambava (c��te NE), 1-5 m, 28.XI-3. XII.1950, fl., Humbert & Capuron 24380 (P). ��� Fivondronana Antalaha, canton Ambohitralanana, piste vers Ambodirafia, presqu�����le de Masoala, 15��17���S, 50��27���E, 0-60 m, 22.IV.1994, fl., Rahajasoa 288 (MO, P). ��� Parc National de Masoala, Antanandavahely, 15��18���00���S, 50��19���00���E, 6.X.1994, fl., Rahajasoa et al. 761 (MO, P). ��� Fivondronana Voh��mar, firaisanaTsarabaria, fokontany Manakana, E du village �� Ambondrobe, 13��43���08���S, 50��05���50���E, 13.III.2004, fr., Razakamalala et al. 1058 (MO). ��� Fivondronana Voh��mar, firaisana Tsarabaria, fokontany Manakana, for��t littorale d���Ambondrobe, 13��42���46���S, 50��05���25���E, 20.V.2004, fr., Razakamalala & Rabehevitra 1357 (MO). ��� R.N. 2 [Masoala], canton Ambohitralanana, district Antalaha, 17.II.1954, fl., R��serves Naturelles 6621 (P). ��� Ambodivaloha, Ampanavoana, 31.I.1955, fl., R��serves Naturelles 6950 (P). ��� Canton Ambohitralanana, district Antalaha, 15.II.1959, fl., fr., R��serves Naturelles 10079 (P). ��� Pr��s de l���embouchure de la Bemarivo du NE, 2.XII.1950, fl., Service Forestier 893 (P). ��� Ambodisatrana, Sambava, 19.I.1951, fl., Service Forestier 2771 (MO, P). Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ankazondratana, Nosy Varika, district Nosy Varika, 30.V.1959, fr., Service Forestier 19528 (P). Prov. Toamasina, Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Vinanibe, fok. Andongona, village Antsahanikandana, 15��26���15��� S, 49��29���02��� E, 365 m, 28.XI.2003, fl., Antilahimena 2432. ��� Fiv. Maroantsetra, comm. Anjahana, fok. Ambanizana, Amboninandzoka River, 15��38���14���S, 49��57���59���E, 10 m, 14.IV.2002, fl., Antilahimena & Aridy 992 (MO, P). ��� [Ile] Ste. Marie, embouchure de la rivi��re de l���habitation royale, III.1847 - IV.1851, fl., Boivin 1845 (P). ��� Brickaville, s.d., fl., Cours 27606 (P). ��� Baie d���Antongil, environs d���Ambanizana, chemin de la pente foresti��re au SE du village, 15��30���S, 49��58���E, 100-150 m, 11.V.1988, fl., Floret 2000 (MO, P��2). ��� F��n��rive-Est, Ampasimaningory, Tanambaon���i Tampolo, Tampolo, Parcelle C4 de la Station Foresti��re de Tampolo, 17��17���14���S, 49��24���54���E, 57 m, 15.IV.2004, fl., Lehavana et al. 61 (MO). ��� For��t de Mahalevona, 2.II.1924, fl., Louvel 55 (P). ��� Ambila-Lemaitso, E of Brickaville, old Station Foresti��re, c. 5 km S of town, 18��54���S, 49��07���E, 10 m, 17.I.1999, fl., Lowry & Miller 5134 (MO, P). ��� Ambila-Lemaitso, E of Brickaville, old Station Foresti��re, c. 5 km S of town, 18��54���30���S, 49��07���37���E, 5-10 m, 17.I.1999, fl., Lowry & Miller 5143 (MO, P). ��� Masoala peninsula, Ambanizana, on beach path leading south, 15��37���S, 49��57���E, 25 m, 12.IV.1987, fr., Nicoll et al. 515 (MO). ��� Va [t]omandry, IX.1921, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 14129 (P). ��� Bas de pente d���une colline �� 3 km d���Antanambe vers P.K. 5, 27.II.1990, fl., Raharimalala 498 (MO, P��2). ��� District F��n��rive-Est, Station Foresti��re de Tampolo, 10 km N de F��n��rive-Est, 17��16���52���S, 49��24���44���E, 0-150 m, 24.I.1995, fl., Raholivelo et al. 85 (MO). ��� Soanierana-Ivongo, F��n��rive, s.d., fl., R��serves Naturelles 1059 (P). ��� R.N. 1 [Betampona], canton Ambodiriana, district Tamatave, 24.II.1954, fl., R��serves Naturelles 6176 (P). ��� Andevoranto-Ambila Lemaitso Road, c. 3-6 km NNE of Andevoranto, 18��53���50���S, 49��07���40���E, 30 m, 2.II.2006, fl., fr., Rogers & Antilahimena 1011 (MO). ��� 6-10 km S of Ambila-Lemaitso, 18��51���S, 49��08���E, 0-20 m, 6.III.1988, fr., Schatz et al. 1947 (MO, P). ��� Environs of Ambila-Lemaitso, 10 km E of Brickaville, 1-2 km S of intersection to Hotel Everglades and Ambila-Lemaitso, along road to Andevoranto, approx. 6 km S Ambila-Lemaitso, 18��54���S, 49��08���E, 0-10 m, 26-27.I.1991, fl., Schatz & Armbruster 3147 (MO, P). ��� Nosy Mangabe, a 520 hectare island 5 km from Maroantsetra in the Bay of Antongil, 15��30���S, 49��46���E, 0-330m, 13-23.IV.1988, Schatz & Gentry 2135 (MO). ��� Tampolo, F��n��rive, 22.XI.1954, fl., Service Forestier 12579 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., 1.XII.1955, fl., Service Forestier 15209 (MO, P). ��� Same loc., 17.III.1956, fr., Service Forestier 15614 (MO, P). ��� J. B. No. 21 Tampolo, village le plus proche Tampolo, canton Ampasina, district F��n��rive-Est, 14.I.1958, fl., Service Forestier 17910 (MO, P). ��� For��t Tampina, Ursch 46 (P). ��� 10 km N of Fenoarivo, Station Foresti��re de Tampolo, 17��17���S, 49��25���E, 10 m, 11.V.1991, fl., Zarucchi et al. 7382 (MO). Unknown locality, s.l., s.d., fl., Chapelier s.n. (P). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica grandiflora is widely distributed in eastern and northeastern remnants of littoral forest or rarely subcoastal forest on the east coast of Madagascar; it is almost always found near sea level on sand. However, one collection (Antilahimena 2432) reports an altitude of 365 m and another (R��serves Naturelles 6176) is from Betampona, presumably also in low-elevation humid forest. REMARKS Calantica grandiflora is usually a tree, with height to 20 m and dbh to 40 cm, or rarely a shrub, with gray to blackish bark. The perianth is pale greenish to yellowish, or at least the petals rarely white; the disk may be orange-red, the glands are white becoming yellow or orange-red, and the anthers have been reported as yellow or black. The variation in its leaf morphology overlaps with that of the widespread and variable C. cerasifolia, which also sometimes occurs in littoral forests. The inflorescences, pedicels, and abaxial sepal surfaces of C. grandiflora are more or less pilose, the inflorescences and pedicels sometimes also bearing more numerous shorter trichomes, whereas those of C. cerasifolia are pubescent with short upwardcurving or very short erect trichomes. The flowers of C. grandiflora are on average about twice as large, and the sepal glands are larger with a less densely ornamented surface, although overlap in these features may be seen due to exceptional individuals in both species. The ovary of C. grandiflora is at most partially or sparsely pubescent, while that of C. cerasifolia is densely pubescent throughout, and the fruits of C. grandiflora are relatively large and glabrate. Three specimens with intermediate floral characters suggesting possible hybridization between these species are known (see discussion of C. cerasifolia); two of these are from plausible localities, although one (Rakotomazala et al. 2080) is found well outside the normal habitat of C. grandiflora. The lectotype of this species was selected from among several syntypes by Sleumer (1973). Two sheets of this collection are held at P, one in good condition with multiple flowers and one in poor condition and lacking flowers.Sleumer presumably would have thought primarily of the former as the lectotype, but did not specify this in print and annotated both sheets as ���lectotype.��� As permitted by Art. 9.17 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), we hereby further designate the better-quality duplicate as the lectotype. Ethnobotany Calantica grandiflora is used for construction (Service Forestier 17910) or fencing (Service Forestier 19528). Vernacular names Fonorintina (Service Forestier 19528 [Betsimisaraka dialect]); Hazou-ambou (Chapelier s.n.); Tendrifany (Louvel 55); Tendrofo (Raharimalala 498); Tendrofoina (Service Forestier 2771); Tendrofony (Bernard 225, 342; Lehavana et al. 61; R��serves Naturelles 1059, 6176, 6621, 6950, 10079; Service Forestier 12579, 15209, 15614, 17910 [Betsimisaraka dialect]). CONSERVATION STATUS Calantica grandiflora has an Extent of Occurrence of 39,710 km 2, with 17 known locations. However, it is almost entirely restricted to littoral forest with an Area of Occupancy of less than 2000 km 2, a highly threatened ecosystem of which only fragments remain (Consiglio et al. 2006). The degree of fragmentation suggests that C. grandiflora should be assigned a preliminary conservation assessment of Near Threatened (NT)., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 92-93, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["SLEUMER H. 1972. - Revision du genre Calantica Tul. (Flacourtiacees). Adansonia, ser. 2, 12: 539 - 544 (published in 1973).","MCNEILL J., BARRIE F. R., BUCK W. R., DEMOULIN V., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., MARHOLD K., PRADO J., PRUD' HOMME VAN REINE W. F., SMITH G. F., WIERSEMA J. H. & TURLAND N. J. 2012. - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile Vol. 154. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, xxx + 240 p.","CONSIGLIO T., SCHATZ G. E., MCPHERSON G., LOW- RY P. P. II, RABENANTOANDRO J., ROGERS Z. S., RABEV- OHITRA R. & RABEHEVITRA D. 2006. - Deforestation and plant diversity of Madagascar's littoral forests. Conservation Biology 20: 1799 - 1803."]}

4. Calantica chauvetiae Sleumer Adansonia, s��r. 2, 12: 543 (1973). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, gorges du Fiherenana, en aval d���Anjamala, 20.I.1962, fl., fr., Service Forestier 20854 (holo-, P! [P02141576]; iso-, P ��4!, L [photo seen]). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT The only existing collection of Calantica chauvetiae is from southwestern Madagascar in the region of the Fiherenana River. REMARKS Calantica chauvetiae is described as a shrub. Sleumer incorrectly labelled both one of the type collection���s duplicates at P and the duplicate at L as ���holotype��� with typed labels in 1972. The published protologue (Sleumer 1973: 543) makes it clear that the P duplicate is the holotype and the L duplicate is an isotype. CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica chauvetiae is Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii)). With an Area of Occupancy of less than 10 km 2, it is known only from a single location, which is not protected and is subject to continuing habitat degradation., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["SLEUMER H. 1972. - Revision du genre Calantica Tul. (Flacourtiacees). Adansonia, ser. 2, 12: 539 - 544 (published in 1973)."]}

8. Calantica olivacea Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Differs from C. cerasifolia in lanceolate to ovate, acuminate leaves, drying to a pale unmottled olive green above and pale brown beneath, and smaller inflorescences, up to 3 cm long with (4-)8-20 flowers. TYPUS. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, fivondronana Nosy-Be, Lokobe R��serve Int��grale, Lokobe Point (Beach), 13��24���29���S, 48��18���48���E, 0 m, 18.XII.1996, fl., Antilahi mena 348 (holo-, MO!; iso-, G!, P!; TAN, USMS n.v.). PARATYPI. ��� Madagascar. Prov.Antsiranana, Nossi-Komba (insula parva ad meridiem Nossi-B��), prope mare, 16.XII.1967, fl., Bernardi 11911 (MO). ��� 100 km S of Ambanja on road to Antananarivo, 14��8���45.8���S, 48��5���25.8���E, 140 m, 10.I.2007, fl., De Block et al. 2140 (MO). ��� Collines et plateaux calcaires de l���Analamera, 50-400 m, I.1938, fl., Humbert 19132 (P,TAN). ��� Same loc., same date, fl., Humbert 19235 (P). ��� Sous-pr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, Daraina, for��t d���Ambohitsitondroina, �� 1210 m du point cot�� 396, au 313��, 13��09.05���S, 49��28.06���E, 300 m, 19.I.2006, fl., Nusbaumer & Ranirison 1960 (MO, P). ��� Sous-pr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, Daraina, for��t d���Antsahabe (13��13���S, 49��33���E), �� 1170 m du point cot�� 366, au 269��, coord. pr��cises (WGS 84) 13��12.6���S, 49��33.6���E, 500 m, 21.I.2004, fr., Nusbaumer 1073 (MO). ��� Bord du Ramena �� Antsahabe, 1913, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 6700 (P). ��� Bassin sup��rieur de la Loky (Nord), XI.1909, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 6714 (P). ��� Anjahakely, Di��go, 19.I.1954, fr., Service Forestier 8220 (P). ��� Ankaranibe, route Maromiandra-Ambanja, 8.X.1954, buds, Service Forestier 11095 (MO, P). ��� Antsalova, 29.XI.1959, fl., Service Forestier 11146 (P). ��� Contreforts NW de la Montagne d���Ambre, for��t d���Ankorefo (Ankazobe), 19-21.X.1954, fr., Service Forestier 11351 (P). ��� Ambodimanga, canton Tsaratanana, district Tsaratanana, 5.XII.1958, fl., fr., Service Forestier 19457 (P). ��� Lisi��re sup��rieure de la for��t d���Andranomadiro, rebord S du plateau de Sahafary, entre les bassins de la Saharenana et du Rodo, 300 m, 27.XII.1963, fr., Service Forestier 23070 (P). Prov. Mahajanga, Ampombilava [15��03���S, 48��13���E], 30.XI.1942, fr., Herb. Jard. Bot. Tananarive 5445 (P). ��� Tsingy de Bemaraha S of the Manambolo river, 19��09���S, 44��49���E, 50 m, 7.XII.1996, fr., Jongkind et al. 3429 (MO). ��� Same loc., 11.XII.1996, fl., Jongkind et al. 3497 (MO). ��� Boriziny, Port-Berg��, Tsiningia, Marosely, 18 km au S Boriziny, for��t de Bongolava, 15��38���58���S, 47��35���03���E, 217 m, 16.XI.2004, fl., Ramananjanahary et al. 109 (G, MO, P, USMS). ��� R.N. 8 [Namoroka], canton Andranomavo, district Soalala, 13.IX.1953, buds, R��serves Naturelles 5643 (P). ��� Antanandava, Maevatanana, 27.XI.1951, Service Forestier 4282 (P). ��� Besisika, Port-Berg��, 18.XI.1951, fl., fr., Service Forestier 5527 (P); Besalampy, 21.XI.1952, fl., Service Forestier 6266 (P). ��� For��t Tsimembo, Antsalova, 21.XII.1953, fr., Service Forestier 8247 (P). ��� For��t Mandanisafa, Maintirano, 27.XI.1954, fl., Service Forestier 12643 (P). ��� Ambala [n]janakomby, Maevatanana, 8.I.1951, fl., Service Forestier 12667 (P). Prov. Toliara, Beraboka, Miandrivazo, 13.XII.1952, fr., Service Forestier 6305 (P). ��� F[or��t] Beraboka [19��31���S, 45��28���E], Miandrivazo, 25.X.1954, fr., Service Forestier 11188 (P). ��� For��t Ankaboka [20��28���S, 45��47���E], Malaimbandy, Mahabo, 17.XI.1954, fl., Service Forestier 12778 (P). ��� For��ts de Beraboka, district Miandrivazo, 24.X.1957, fl., Service Forestier 17824 (P). Unknown province, Tsarasaotra, X.1897, fl., Perrier de la B��thie 151 (P, TAN). ��� Same loc., s.d., Perrier de la B��thie 151bis (P). DESCRIPTION Tree to 20 m tall, dbh 25 cm; bark blackish, ridged; crown almost diamond-shaped; young twigs puberulent to velutinous or glabrate. Leaves green, paler beneath, lanceolate to ovate, elliptical, or narrowly lanceolate, 3-10.5(-13.1) �� 1.6-4.2 cm; petiole 3-6 mm long, sparsely puberulent to glabrous or velutinous; stipules caducous, awl-shaped to narrowly deltoid, (0.7-) 2-4.4 mm long, sparsely puberulent to glabrate; base convex, often decurrent at extreme base, to rounded; apex acuminate with a rounded tip; margins serrate to serrulate or subentire; abaxial surface glabrate with few trichomes on midrib to glabrous; adaxial surface glabrous; venation pinnate; lateral veins weak and inconspicuous on both surfaces or visible but not prominent abaxially, 6-9(-12) pairs, more or less semicraspedodromous, often festooned. Inflorescences lateral, 1-3 cm, (4-)8-20-flowered, short-pubescent to velutinous; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 0.7-1.4 mm long, sericeous towards apex with upward-pointing trichomes; pedicels 2.6- 8 mm long, short-pubescent to velutinous. Flowers 6-7-merous, 4.2-7.5 mm in diameter; sepals pale green to white or yellowish green, lanceolate to narrowly ovate or narrowly oblong, 1.6-2.6 mm long, abaxial surface short-pubescent with appressed trichomes, adaxial surface short-pubescent to densely pubescent with appressed trichomes; sepal glands yellow to orange, broadly deltoid to ovate-deltoid, 0.7-1.1 mm long, with densely corrugated surface; petals pale green, yellowish green, white, or green and white, oblanceolate to spatulate or oblong-oblanceolate, 1.6-2.1 mm long, abaxial surface short-pubescent to densely pubescent with appressed trichomes, adaxial surface pubescent, often densely pubescent toward the apex or in the middle portion; disk velutinous; stamens 1 per petal; filaments 1.5-2.4 mm long, glabrous; anthers 0.3-0.6 mm long; ovary densely pubescent; styles 3-5, 0.4-0.9 mm long. Capsules 3.5-6(-7) mm high, pubescent; seeds broadly ovoid, 1.4-1.5 mm long, surrounded by curling white trichomes to 4 mm long. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica olivacea sp. nov. occurs mostly in northern Madagascar, with scattered populations in the northwest to middle west; it occurs in dense dry, seasonal forests or on open hills, on limestone, gneiss, or sandstone, sometimes on the edges of streams. Reported altitudes range from near sea level to 500 m. REMARKS Calantica olivacea sp. nov. includes specimens that formerly have been classified within C. cerasifolia (Sleumer 1973). The flowers of the two species are very similar, but the vegetative appearance of C. olivacea sp. nov. is distinctive. Its leaves are consistently lanceolate to ovate or elliptical with an acuminate apex, while C. cerasifolia has leaves of variable shape, broadest at or above the middle, most frequently with a cuspidate apex, and often with longer stipules. Leaves of C. olivacea sp. nov. frequently dry a characteristic pale, unmottled olive green adaxially and pale brown abaxially, although this character is not fully consistent and may be affected by specimen processing methods. The inflorescences of C. olivacea sp. nov. are smaller and shorter than those of C. cerasifolia, 1-3 cm long at maturity and often having as few as 8-12 maturing flowers. The habitat of C. olivacea sp. nov. is dry forest or open hills, whereas C. cerasifolia is usually found in humid to subhumid forests. Flowers are reported to be scented (Antilahimena 348). Ethnobotany The wood of Calantica olivacea sp. nov. is used for construction (Antilahimena 348; Service Forestier 17824, 19457). Root bark is used for a malady of the eyes: fresh root bark is pulverized with a little water, and the liquid pressed from the resulting paste is filtered, reduced in half by cooking, and a little dripped into the eyes twice a day (Herb. Jard. Bot. 5445). Vernacular names ���Fanganito��� (Herb. Jard. Bot. 5445); Hazomafana (Service Forestier 4282); Hazonteva (R��serves Naturelles 5643; Service Forestier 6266, 6305, 8247, 11146, 11188, 17824 [Sakalava dialect]); Hazontevana (Service Forestier 12778, 19457 [Harofoby dialect]); Janganito (Antilahimena 348; Service Forestier 5527, 19457); Janganitojoby (Service Forestier 11095); Mandravasarotra (Service Forestier 12667); Manizombo (Service Forestier 8220); Taolakena (Service Forestier 12643). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica olivacea sp. nov. is Least Concern (LC), as 19 locations are known. Although the species has a large range (an Extent of Occurrence of 207,757 km 2), the habitat is almost all unprotected and degraded. It is perhaps reason for concern that very few recent collections are known (in contrast to C. cerasifolia, which is still collected relatively often), possibly indicating a reduction in numbers. It is present in the protected areas of Analamera, Bemaraha, Lokobe and Namoroka., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 94-97, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["SLEUMER H. 1972. - Revision du genre Calantica Tul. (Flacourtiacees). Adansonia, ser. 2, 12: 539 - 544 (published in 1973)."]}

5. Calantica decaryana H. Perrier M��moires du Mus��um national d���Histoire naturelle de Paris, n.s., 13: 285-286 (1940). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, district d���Ambovombe, Antanimora, bord de l���Ikonda, 13.V.1925, fl., Decary 3825 (holo-, P! [P00346107]; iso-, P!; L, photo seen). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Anosy, Amboasary, Marotsiraka, Antsonjo Analamainty, Fourr�� au Sud de Betsimalaho, Fourr�� d���Ambatofoty Masay, au bord de la rivi��re d���Ankazomanga, 24��18���16���S, 46��08���01���E, 350 m, 11.XI.2008, fl., Andriamihajarivo et al. 1571 (MO). ��� Antanimora, XII.1959, fl., Bosser 13912 (MO, P��2). ��� R��serve Naturelle 11, Andohahela,parcelle 2, NE of Amboasary, near Hazofotsy,24��50���S, 46��32���E, 100 m, 27.XI.1991, fl., Malcomber 1094 (MO). ��� Anosy, Fort-Dauphin, Ambatoabo, Ankoba, 24��47���56���S, 46��40���24���E, 162 m, 21.II.2009, fl., Randrianaivo et al. 1733 (MO). ��� Ravin dans la descente du plateau calcaire, entre la Table (Tul��ar) et Ambohimahavelona, I.1962, fl., Service Forestier 20842 (MO, P). ��� Imonty (bassin de la Mananara, affluent du Mandrare), 15.I.1963, fl., Service Forestier 22415 (MO, P��2). ��� �� la base du massif de l���Angavo, �� l���E d���Antanimora, 23.I.1963, fr., Service Forestier 22466 (P). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica decaryana is native to subarid bush or subarid Alluaudia-Euphorbia forest in southern Madagascar, sometimes on streambanks or in ravines; reported altitudes range from 100 to 350 m. REMARKS Calantica decaryana is a shrub or small tree. The perianth is green, fading to reddish or purplish, and the anthers yellow. The flowers are reported to have a pungent, ammonia-like odor and to be frequented by butterflies (Malcomber 1094). Two duplicates of the type collection are present at P. One of these has a second label with locality data and bears some handwritten notes, while the other has no detailed label or handwritten notes; the former should be treated as the holotype sheet. Ethnobotany The plant is used against yellow fever (Andriamihajarivo et al. 1571). Vernacular name Kotika (Andriamihajarivo et al. 1571). CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica decaryana is Vulnerable (VU B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), with an Extent of Occurrence of 11,317 km 2 and an Area of Occupancy of less than 2000 km 2. The species is known from only six locations, only one of which is protected (Andohahela), and remaining natural vegetation in the native range is subject to ongoing anthropogenic degradation., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455

7. Calantica lucida Scott-Elliot Journal of the Linnaean Society, Botany 29: 20, pl. 5 (1891). ��� Type: Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, Fort Dauphin, June [no year], fl., Scott-Elliot 2834 (holo-, K, photo seen; iso-, P!; E, L, photos seen); ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, above Ankoba village, near E edge of Andohahela National Park, Parcel 1, 24��46���46���S, 46��43���11���E, 600 m, 22.I.2008, fl., Lowry et al. 6959 (MO, P, TAN). ��� Anosy Region, Taolagnaro, Mahatalaky, Farafara Vatanibe, W du village de Malama, sommet W, 24��50���25���S, 46��59���28���E, 375 m, 15.XI.2009, fl., Rakotovao et al. 4538 (MO). ��� Versant S et plateau sommital du massif granitique du Vohits [i]andriana (au S de Ranopiso), 8.XII.1968, fl., Service Forestier 28577 (MO, P��2). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT Calantica lucida is native to transitional and humid forests in extreme southeastern Madagascar; one collection was made along a creek, and one was presumably on granite. REMARKS Calantica lucida is a shrub or small tree (rarely to 10 m tall). Its flowers are cream white with an orange disk. They resemble those of C. cerasifolia and C. olivacea sp. nov. in being small with a pale perianth and petals much narrower than sepals, but have usually densely sericeous (rather than sparsely to moderately pubescent) indument on the abaxial sepal surface and longer trichomes on the ovary and disk. Calantica lucida is also distinguished from those species by its small, narrowly elliptical (to elliptical), usually rounded-acute leaves. Inflorescences are small and few-flowered, whereas those of C. cerasifolia are often quite large. Rakotovao et al. 4538 is a somewhat anomalous specimen, a 10-meter tree whose flowers are less densely pubescent than other known material. CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Calantica lucida is Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)). It is known from three locations, with the Extent of Occurrence calculated as 221 km 2 and the Area of Occupancy as 158 km 2; remaining habitat in the area is degraded and is subject to continuing damage. It occurs within the protected area of Andohahela, but in an area that may experience continuing decline, as the native vegetation is already fragmented and subject to cattle grazing., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALANTICA JAUB. EX TUL. 1. Stamens equal in number to petals; sepal glands often with a corrugated or reticulate surface but not pubescent........................................................................................... 2 ��� Stamens 3 or 5-6 times as many as petals; sepal glands densely short-pubescent on upper surface........................................................................................................................ 6 2. Inflorescences cauliflorous, borne mostly on larger twigs and branches; sepals bearing prominent gland-tipped projections on margins............................................................................................... 10. C. sphaerocephala Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. ��� Inflorescences all or mostly lateral, never cauliflorous on large stems; sepals lacking glandtipped projections on margins.................................................................................... 3 3. Flowers (8-) 10-15 mm in diameter; abaxial sepal surfaces pilose; ovary sparsely or apically pubescent to glabrate....................................................... 6. C. grandiflora Jaub. ex Tul. ��� Flowers (4-)5-7.5(-9) mm in diameter; abaxial sepal surfaces pubescent with very short erect trichomes or sericeous with upward-pointing trichomes; ovary densely pubescent throughout................................................................................................................. 4 4. Shrub (tree); leaves narrowly elliptical (to elliptical), to 4.2 cm long, the apex acute (to slightly acuminate) with a rounded tip; stipules C. lucida Scott-Elliot ��� Trees, rarely described as shrubby or lianoid; leaves elliptical to broadly elliptical, oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate, variable in size, the apex cuspidate to acuminate (atypically retuse, emarginate, rounded or acute); stipules> 0.7 mm long, sometimes several times longer; abaxial surface of sepals short-pubescent......................................................... 5 5. Leaves elliptical to oblong, broadly elliptical, obovate, or oblanceolate, (1.5-) 4.5-17 cm long, usually drying to light to dark brown (or pale, mottled or discolored green); leaf apex cuspidate (to short-acuminate, retuse, emarginate, rounded or acute); inflorescences usually many-flowered........................................................ 3. C. cerasifolia (Vent.) Tul. ��� Leaves lanceolate to ovate or narrowly elliptical, 3-10.5 cm long, usually drying to pale olive drab adaxially, pale olive brown abaxially; leaf apex acuminate with a rounded tip; inflorescences (4-)8-20-flowered................................................................................................................................... 8. C. olivacea Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov. 6. Stamens in groups of 5-6 per petal............................................................................. 7 ��� Stamens in groups of 3, with 1 internal and 2 external............................................... 8 7. Leaves 4-11 �� 3-4.5 cm, the apices cuspidate; SE Madagascar....................................................................................................................................... 2. C. capuronii Sleumer ��� Leaves 1.2-3.4 �� 0.6-1.3 cm, the apices rounded to obtuse; SW Madagascar.............................................................................................................. 5. C. decaryana H. Perrier 8. Shrub; leaf margins subentire; inflorescences 1-4-flowered; SW Madagascar................................................................................................................. 4. C. chauvetiae Sleumer ��� Tree; leaf margins serrate to crenate-serrate or serrulate; inflorescences mostly>4-flowered; W to NE Madagascar................................................................................................. 9 9. Ovary densely white-puberulent, sparsely puberulent in fruit; styles C. biseriata H. Perrier ��� Ovary dark, sparsely puberulent, becoming glabrate in fruit; styles 1.5-2 mm long; humid forest in NE Madagascar................................................................................................................................ 9. C. pseudobiseriata Appleq., Phillipson & G. E. Schatz, sp. nov., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on pages 85-86, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455

Calantica �� mantinii Hort. Revue horticole [66]: 134 (1894). This name is listed as such in the International Plant Names Index, extracted from Index Kewensis. It has appeared to be simply an invalidly published horticultural name, which for that reason had never been addressed in prior revisions of the genus. It is rarely mentioned (usually as ���mantini���) in entirely uncritical references such as computerized lists of plant names.However, the cited page reference (Bois 1894: 134) is largely devoted to a list of recently displayed new orchids, and the only similar name on that page is: ���encore une s��rie de Calanthes: (...) Mantini, �� labelle rouge et �� divisions sup��rieures blanches, stri��es de rose.��� It appears that a name intended to describe a new hybrid of the orchid genus Calanthe R. Br. was accidentally entered into Index Kewensis as Calantica and the error was never corrected., Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., Phillipson, Peter B. & Schatz, George E., 2014, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Calantica Jaub. ex Tul. (Salicaceae), pp. 83-102 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n1a8, http://zenodo.org/record/5208455, {"references":["BOIS D. 1894. - Societe nationale d'horticulture de France. Seance du 22 fevrier 1894. Revue horticole 66: 134 - 135."]}