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Feedback is beneficial to students’ learning process and overall achievement, but one of the common complaints from students about college education is regarding feedback. So, this study aimed to examine whether digital written feedback positively influences students’ learning experience and attitude toward learning. Digital written feedback refers to feedback provided through a learning management system as handwritten feedback added to a scanned copy of the student’s paper-based assessment using a smart pad and smart pencil. The study surveyed a diverse set of college students’ (n = 175) perceptions regarding feedback satisfaction, learning satisfaction, the usefulness of digital written feedback, and perceived achievement via an online survey. A one-way analysis of variance found a significant difference between feedback satisfaction and learning satisfaction according to the feedback method. A multiple regression analysis indicated the satisfaction and perceived usefulness of digital written feedback predicted perceived achievement. From the students’ open responses regarding the benefits of digital written feedback, five themes emerged, namely usability, psychological relief, accessibility, self-regulation, and acceptance. The implications for digital written feedback are discussed.

Human trafficking is a pandemic human rights violation with an emerging paradigm shift that reframes an issue traditionally seen through a criminal justice lens to that of a public health crisis, particularly for children. Children and adolescents who are trafficked or are at risk for trafficking should receive evidence-based, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive care from trained health care providers (HCPs). The purpose of this article was to engage and equip pediatric HCPs to respond effectively to human trafficking in the clinical setting, improving health outcomes for affected and at-risk children. Pediatric HCPs are ideally positioned to intervene and advocate for children with health disparities and vulnerability to trafficking in a broad spectrum of care settings and to optimize equitable health outcomes.

Background: Although some have noted that combining technical and marketing content is precarious, technical communication professionals are increasingly involved in content marketing, which includes the creation of white papers. Literature review: The little existing literature on white papers provides conflicting guidance about managing the combination of technical and marketing content. Both soft-sell and hard-sell marketing approaches have been recommended. One source of such inconsistent guidance may be the lack of agreement about definitions. Research on print advertisements has described hard and soft selling as multidimensional rather than binary aspects of persuasive appeals. Research question: Which dimensions of hard- and soft-sell appeals are predominant in white papers? Research methodology: To complete our descriptive study, we collected a corpus of documents labeled as white papers in TechRepublic, and then selected and trained three raters to complete a series of judgments about dimensions of persuasive appeals in the corpus. We aggregated those ratings, calculating the mean and standard deviation for the dimensions to describe their distribution across the corpus. Results/discussion: Overall, hard-sell dimensions were more prevalent than soft-sell dimensions. However, the soft-sell category of “implicitness” was also dominant. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the value of treating hard and soft selling as multidimensional, complementary, and combinatory marketing appeals that allow, for example, a single white paper to be both “subjective” (soft sell), and “precise” (hard sell), or both “creative” (soft sell) and “informative” (hard sell).

Effective integration of learning technology tools in classrooms is a key component of 21st century higher education classrooms. The goal of the position paper is to provide a discussion from the results of the research study and to uncover the faculty members’ views and perceptions about implementing learning technology tools. Insights from this study revealed that it is a teaching technique and style of the faculty members in the use of these learning technology tools that determined the nature of their perception of success rather than the learning tools themselves.

Feedback is integral to the process of education but is not a simple process and in mass education and global systems presents numerous additional challenges. This paper, which is intended as an informative awareness-raising paper, provides a review of recent literature on the challenges that educators and students face when feedback is given and received. It conceptualizes feedback as a process that requires multiple inputs and should support the partnership between educators and students through dialogue and engagement. Feedback literacy that incorporates the role of emotion is seen as a key aspect of professional and student development to motivate and engage students.

Background and purpose Spirometry is often technically challenging for patients. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of spirometry in the community pharmacy setting. This study compared pharmacy students' perceptions and attitudes toward performing spirometry, as well as implementing spirometry in clinics and community pharmacies through experiencing spirometry first-hand versus completing paper-based active learning exercises. Educational activity and setting First-year (N = 102) and second-year (N = 70) pharmacy students were provided with the same pre-class materials to learn about the spirometry process. During class, first-year (P1) students performed spirometry tests, while second-year (P2) students completed paper-based active learning exercises about spirometry without performing the test. A survey was provided to each group at the end of the class to: (1) compare students’ perception of the difficulty of performing spirometry, and (2) identify patient, clinic, and pharmacy barriers to implementing spirometry testing. Findings P1 students perceived performing spirometry as significantly more difficult compared to P2 students. Both P1 and P2 students perceived correct posture and breathing technique, and patient discomfort as the most difficult parts of performing spirometry. Significantly more P1 students (91.1%) perceived spirometry as a “helpful and noninvasive tool to screen for pulmonary diseases” than P2 students (54.1%). Summary Students who experienced spirometry perceived it to be more difficult than those who completed paper-based active learning exercises. Incorporating spirometry into a pharmacy curriculum could be an opportunity to increase students’ insight of the difficulty of performing spirometry and their appreciation for the clinical services pharmacists can provide.

Person-centred care, with its central focus on the patient in partnership with healthcare practitioners, is considered to be the contemporary gold standard of care. This type of care implies effective communication from and by both the patient and the healthcare practitioner. This is often problematic in the case of the paediatric population, because of the many communicative challenges that may arise due to the child's developmental level, illness and distress, linguistic competency and disabilities. The principle of universal design put forth in conventions and legislation means that the design of products and services should be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible. Augmentative and alternative communication encompasses strategies, for example pictures and apps, that are typically used with people with communication disability. In this position paper, we argue for the universal use of augmentative and alternative communication to support person-centred communication and care for children, regardless of age or potential disability. Clinical examples are shared from three different paediatric care settings where pictorial supports were applied universally. Interviews were conducted with children and adolescents (with and without disabilities), parents and healthcare practitioners, and the principles of universal design were used as a framework to demonstrate how person-centred communication is supported in paediatric care.

The study aims to find the quality of research papers published in the domain of entrepreneurship in India. This study covers 100 research papers. A standardized measurement tool developed by the earlier researchers was used to evaluate the research quality. The data compiled using the measurement tool were analyzed with the support of the SPSS. The statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, Friedman’s test, factor analysis, two-sample ‘t’ test, and ANOVA are applied to analyze the data. The study findings reported that the quality of research papers published in the field of entrepreneurship is not up to the quality standards. The quality of multiple-author papers is better than single-author papers. Similarly, the quality of papers published by foreign authors is comparatively better than Indian authors. Further, the quality of papers published with the combination of foreign and Indian authors is substantially good. The quality of papers published in foreign journals is higher as compared with Indian journals. Further, the standard of papers published under the qualitative approach was comparatively better than the quantitative approach. The authors developed a Conceptual Model of Process and Product of Research (YOVA model). This model clearly shows that the whole research process yields six levels of research products. The study recommended that the researchers need to go for international collaborations to improve the quality of the publication. The funding agencies, higher learning institutions and research institutions should focus on enhancing research infrastructure. The study examined the validity of research articles searched by novice researchers in India in Google by using keywords related to entrepreneurship and, as such this non-focused approach is a big impediment to quality research.

There is a need for a paradigm shift across mental health in primary care to improve the lives of millions of Europeans. To contribute to this paradigm shift, the European Forum for Primary Care (EFPC-MH) working group for Mental Health, produced a Position Paper for Primary Care Mental Health outlining 14 themes that needed prioritizing. These themes were developed and discussed interactively during the EFPC conferences between 2012 and 2019. The Position Paper on Mental Health gives direction to the necessary improvements over the next ten years. The themes vary from preferable healthcare model to the social determinants highlighting issues such as inequalities. The Statement of Mental Health in Primary Care will be established in cooperation with fellow organizations. ispartof: Primary Health Care Research And Development vol:21 issue:e56 pages:1-8 ispartof: location:England status: published

Open Dialogue is a need-adapted approach to mental health care that was originally developed in Finland. Like other need-adapted approaches, Open Dialogue aims to meet consumer’s needs and promote collaborative person-centred dialogue to support recovery. Need-adapted mental health care is distinguished by flexibility and responsiveness. Fidelity, defined from an implementation science perspective as the delivery of distinctive interventions in a high quality and effective fashion is a key consideration in health care. However, flexibility presents challenges for evaluating fidelity, which is much easier to evaluate when manualization and reproducible processes are possible. Hence, it remains unclear whether Open Dialogue and other need-adapted mental health interventions can be meaningfully evaluated for fidelity. The aim of this paper was to critically appraise and advance the evaluation of fidelity in need-adapted mental health care, using Open Dialogue as a case study. The paper opens a discussion about how fidelity should be evaluated in flexible, complex interventions, and identifies key questions that need to be asked by practitioners working in need-adapted mental health care to ensure they deliver these interventions as intended and in an evidence-based fashion.

Objectives Unlike the technological advances in cross-sectional imaging, the adoption of CR and DR has been relatively overlooked in terms of the additional radiographer skills and competences required for optimal practice. Furthermore, projection radiography is often referred to as basic, plain or other words suggesting simplicity or entry-level skill requirements. Radiographers’ professional identity is connected with the discourse expressed via the language used in daily practice and consequently, if the perception of projection radiography is regarded as simple practice not requiring much reflection or complex decision-making, apathy and carelessness may arise. The purpose of this narrative review was to raise projection radiography from its longstanding lowly place and re-position it as a specialist imaging field. Key findings Danish pre-registration radiography curricula contain little mention of projection radiography and a low proportion (n = 17/144; 11.8%) of Danish radiography students chose to focus on projection radiography within publicly available BSc. theses between 2016 and 2020 as compared to topics related to CT and MRI (n = 60/144; 41.7%). Conclusion By changing how we as the profession perceive the role and position of projection radiography, we can start to rebuild its lost prestige and demand a greater, more detailed and clinically relevant educational offering from academic partners. For this to commence, the language and terminology we use to describe ourselves and tasks undertaken must reflect the complexity of the profession. Implications for practice Regardless of imaging modality, every patient should be assured that a radiographer with expertise in acquiring images of diagnostic quality undertakes their examination. Reclaiming the prestige of projection radiography may lead students and radiographers to recognize projection radiography as a demanding specialist field for the benefit of the patients.

Online reading necessitates the use of both similar and different skills to traditional paper-based reading. Therefore, some overlap is likely in the background and attitudinal factors associated with reading in the two modes. This study uses a multilevel framework and data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS, 2016) to explore the characteristics associated with online and paper-based reading in Ireland. Of independent variables examined, pupil reading confidence has the largest effect size for both PIRLS and ePIRLS. Home background variables have similar effect sizes for the two outcomes. Differences between the models emerge regarding time spent browsing the internet, the frequency of using a computer at school, pupil enjoyment of reading, and pupil ownership of a smartphone.

Since English is probably the most popular second language, helping students learn English through technology is a critical issue in non-English-speaking countries. With the growth of digital pen technologies, developing an interactive learning environment that combines printed textbooks and a digital pen to support English-language classroom learning has become feasible. This work presents an attention-based diagnosing and review mechanism (ADRM) based on brainwave detection to help learners identify the passages with low attention level in a lesson as review targets in order to perform efficiently and accurately review processes while reading paper-based English texts with digital pen support in autonomous learning environments. Based on the true experimental design, this work aims to confirm whether the ADRM improves the review performance and sustained attention of learners while reading paper-based English texts with digital pen support. The research participants were a total of 108 students at an industrial vocational high school in Taipei City, Taiwan. All research participants were male and aged from 17 to 18 years. The experimental group used the ADRM while reading paper-based English texts with digital pen support, whereas the control group used the autonomous review while reading paper-based English texts with digital pen support. Experimental results reveal that the review performance of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group, proving that the ADRM improved review performance. The results also show that the field-dependent learners in the experimental group exhibited a great improvement in review performance in comparison with the field-independent learners. Additionally, the low-ability learners in the experimental group exhibited better review performance compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, learners with high attention level in the experimental group have exhibited better review performance and sustained attention than the learners in the control group. This work confirms that developing an ADRM based on brainwave detection to assist learners’ review processes is practicable. However, the usability and acceptability of using ADRM instead of human autonomous review should be further considered in the information society.

We often point to the relative increase in the amount and sophistication of evaluations of visualization systems versus the earliest days of the field as evidence that we are maturing as a field. I am not so convinced. In particular, I feel that evaluations of visualizations, as they are ordinarily performed in the field or asked for by reviewers, fail to tell us very much that is useful or transferable about visualization systems, regardless of the statistical rigor or ecological validity of the evaluation. Through a series of thought experiments, I show how our current conceptions of visualization evaluations can be incomplete, capricious, or useless for the goal of furthering the field, more in line with the “heroic age” of medical science than the rigorous evidence-based field we might aspire to be. I conclude by suggesting that our models for designing evaluations, and our priorities as a field, should be revisited.

Journal ratings are a key factor when individuals or institutions assess research and select journals. Despite their significant development in recent years, ratings are still not sufficiently precise or updated enough, depending on the subject and method used. In this paper, we present a new methodology, called paper affiliation index, with which to create subject journal ratings using expert judgment and research impact, both of which are based on secondary, objective measures, thus making it possible to produce lists every year without human manipulation at virtually no cost. We compare the results of our methodology with the selection of top journals by the ShanghaiRanking’s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects in the Social Sciences, the Excellence in Research for Australia, Australian Business Dean Council, the Academic Journal Guide release by Chartered Association of Business Schools lists, and the Journal Impact Factor calculated by Clarivate Analytics.

On the web it is very frequently found that good papers are published only in “Peer Reviewed Trusted Journals (PRTJ)”, while low quality papers are published in the “Predatory Publishing Journals”. Here we show that this is not true, because the quality of papers depends on the quality of the authors in the same manner that quality of teaching depends on the quality of professors. Since generally the authors are professors it is important to see the two sides of the “publishing medal”: authors and professors. We will use the SPQR Principle [«Semper Paratus ad Qualitatem et Rationem (Always Ready for Quality and Rationality)»] as the way to analyse papers, books and teaching; it seems that very few people have taken care of Quality of Methods (Deming, Juran, Gell-Mann, Shewhart, Einstein, Galilei). The cases analysed here are from PRT Journals and teaching documents.

This paper examines the role of technology firms in computerizing personality tests from the early 1960s to late 1980s. It focuses on the National Computer Systems (NCS) and their development of an automated interpretation for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI). NCS trumpeted their computerized interpretation as a way to free up clerical labor and mitigate human bias. Yet psychologists cautioned that proprietary algorithms risked obscuring decision rules. I show how clinics, courtrooms, and businesses all had competing interests in the use of computerized personality tests. As I argue, the development of computerized psychological tests was shaped both by business concerns about intellectual property and profits and psychologists' concerns with validity and access to algorithms. Across these domains, the common claim was that computerized psychological testing could provide a technical fix for bias. This paper contributes to histories of computing emphasizing the importance of IP, the relationship between labor, technology, and expertise, and to histories of algorithms.

Background: There is increasing awareness of diversity and inclusion needs within health and education systems to help address access and equity issues for minority groups. Although these calls are well known, there is little guidance for those working within these systems to create meaningful change. The purpose of this study was to critically review case-based teaching material within the authors' programmes through the lens of equity, diversity, and inclusion. Methods: A document analysis of clinical workshop cases extracted from all integrated therapeutics courses administered in 2020 was conducted. Results: Sex, age, and employment status were most commonly presented in cases (84.0%, 97.1%, 49.0% respectively). The majority (90.0%) of cases did not have ethnicity defined. The overwhelming majority of cases did not have living situation (68.3%) or sexual orientation (78.0%) defined. Conclusion: Case-based teaching material within a pharmacy programme was largely undefined according to patient demographics and diversity markers. Findings support the notion that teaching material may have a contributory role towards systemic racism, prejudice, and implicit bias.

PurposeThis paper aimed to review globally the empowerment programs for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths, to examine the role of empowerment in health promotion, to explore the stages of health promotion through community empowerment strategies including planning, implementation and evaluation. Finally, this paper will develop a model of youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior that reflects theory and experience drawn from the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis review synthesized articles on community empowerment and health promotion, youth empowerment programs for tobacco prevention and control globally from books and electronic databases from the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) library in the publication period 2000–2020. Relevant literature was selected and critically reviewed which reflected the role empowerment in health promotion, stage of community empowerment strategy as described by Laverack and youth empowerment concept in tobacco control as described by Holden.FindingsDocuments that specifically discuss empowerment programs for smoking prevention and control are still limited. The findings document that youth empowerment in tobacco control do not fully integrate the theory empowerment as described by Laverack and Holden. This paper provides information about the stages of youth empowerment, and a conceptual framework of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior. Youth empowerment is done through the direct involvement of youth in programs starting from program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. Indicators of the success of the empowerment process are reflected in the increase in the empowerment domain. Meanwhile, the output of empowerment can be seen from the individual- or group-level changes.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a model of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths based on theory and experience in the field.

This methodological paper explains the process of occupational therapy management of displaced persons due to disaster influence. It is yet to be part of the occupational therapy practice domain even in recent decades with the advancement in occupational therapy research evidence and development. It is based on the current knowledge and developments in occupational therapy client centered practice. This methodological and conceptual based study describes and illustrates the occupational therapy practice model of rehabilitating displaced persons due to disaster influence. The present paper explores the occupational therapy role in rehabilitating displaced persons through People’s Environmental Occupation, Ecology of Human Performance (EHP), and Occupational Therapy Practice Framework. These are integrated as a single conceptual model to describe how and process of occupational therapy practice area during the rehabilitation process of a displaced person(s). The paper finally presented a sequenced framework to guide occupational therapists practice in this new emerging practice area of rehabilitation. This study was developed based on three different theories to support the occupational therapy treatment process of a displaced person due to disaster of any nature. Its concept based without any statistical analysis.

This paper does not set out to describe the reasons why a new concept of dental care should be deemed as acceptable and recognised as mainstream. Rather, the starting point of this paper is the belief that some dentists who are increasing the overall vertical dimension for worn dentition patients are not using the protocols of the traditional 're-organised approach'. If adhesive direct restorations are used, there seems to be anecdotal indication that despite not restoring in the terminal hinge axis, it can have a successful outcome. So, while not criticising this approach simply because it does not follow orthodoxy, the paper has two objectives. It hopes to stimulate some debate and research on this subject. Furthermore, by suggesting some parameters for what might be considered a new approach, it aims to improve patient outcome.

The Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) examination is a high-stakes matriculation system that determines the opportunity for higher education and social mobility for most local students. This means that content featured in the tests poses strong washback effects on classroom teaching and learning. Despite the fact that the Hong Kong Examination and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) recognizes the effects of washback and the necessity to use it in a positive way, certain aspects within the HKDSE English Language Reading Comprehension paper might have been overlooked. This paper looks at the genres, text sources and topics featured by the HKDSE examination since its inception in 2011. It finds that while there is an effort to diversify the topics featured and ensure their appropriacy to local candidates, the Authority falls short in utilizing a wide enough range of text genres in its examinations, possibly leading to narrowed English reading abilities in the population. Additionally, texts are also usually selected from sources that favor affluent, professional demographics, which has possible implications for the fairness of the test.

This study investigated the importance of using the achievement file, in both electronic and paper forms, as an evaluation instrument to document the performance of both teachers and students. The researcher planned the question in the following question: What is the future vision of the college members' use of achievement (paper-electronically) files, at the Ajloun University College, as modern methods for evaluating their students? The researcher used the descriptive-differential analytical approach. The researcher noticed, through observation and interview, that many previous relevant studies were reviewed to clarify the mechanism of using the (paper-electronic) achievement files. The study presented some results related to the quality of students' learning, the quality of the educational process, and others related to the quality of the used evaluation method. This study provided a future vision of the college members' use of the achievement files to evaluate the expected learning in several disciplines: knowledge (cognitive skills), dealing with others, taking responsibility, communication skills, information technology (IT), numerical skills, and psychomotor skills. The researcher recommended educating the university community about the culture of developing students' evaluation systems and exams to improve the educational system and ensure its quality. This could be done by spreading the culture of evaluation and exam development. Besides, students should be taught from the beginning about their roles and what was required from them with every step of the process of using the achievement file in their evaluation. Students should be provided with instruments, guiding them to the resources that would help them accomplish the work included in the file.

The purpose of the study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a distant-professional development model that supported the implementation of genre-based strategy instruction for procedural writing on second grade teachers’ fidelity of implementation and students’ writing quality. Participants were 84 s graders and four teachers who were randomly assigned to condition. Teachers completed an online workshop module prior to instruction, a survey on their instruction and confidence to teach writing, received coaching feedback during implementation, and were interviewed at pretest and posttest. Students wrote in response to two procedural topics at pretest and posttest, at maintenance, completed transfer tasks in science and in persuasion, were interviewed at posttest, completed a confidence scale, and standardized measures. Results showed that treatment teachers positively evaluated the PD and its components, taught with high fidelity, and positively commented on the instructional approach. Treatment students wrote papers of better quality at posttest and maintenance tasks, while there were no statistically significant differences at the transfer tasks, on students’ confidence, and on standardized measures. Implications for professional development, practice, and research are further discussed.

The image of nursing is impoverished since the hundred years of professional identity of this age-old profession. Nursing image among the public is relying on the image of nursing in media. Nurses are vital members of the health care team and work tirelessly to provide quality care to the patient. A professional image is pivotal to motivate people to have nursing as a career choice. Nurses are central resources of any health institution and their role as a carer is crucial to push the quality of care and health outcomes of health services. Nurses are known to work with compassion and competence with the patient’s best interest in mind having good academic knowledge and understanding of their work with evidence-based practice. Nurses facing an identity crisis as professional and likely sources are neglecting behavior of media and public image of nursing as assistant of physicians. The nursing profession is facing new challenges part from biased policies of the government, on the public forum as an independent professional. Keywords: Nursing, Professionalism, Media, Society, Image, Physicians.

This study explores the relationship between interdisciplinarity and the citation impact of highly cited papers. In this paper, interdisciplinarity is investigated by comparing the dimensions of disciplinary diversity (variety, balance, and disparity) and the typical integration indicators (i.e., the Rao-Stirling index (RS) and the Leinster–Cobbold Diversity Index (LCDiv)) of all papers published in 2000 and indexed in Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science. These papers are categorized into six percentile rank classes according to their citation rates, and the interdisciplinarity among these percentile rank classes is compared. Our results demonstrate that, whether control variables are considered or not, highly cited papers always exhibit higher variety and disparity, but they also exhibit lower balance. In terms of the integration interdisciplinarity indicators, the RS and LCDiv both have a positive effect on citation impact. From the perspective of effect size, our results suggest that the effect of variety on citation impact is most significant, followed by disparity and then balance. These results indicate that variety is likely the most important interdisciplinary factor for citation impact.

This study explores digital and paper reading processes and outcomes for 371 fifth to eighth graders completing a reading task similar to standardized testing. Results showed students highlighted and annotated more when reading the paper versus digital text. Also, reading on paper versus digitally was slightly supportive of reading comprehension for the longer section of text. For behaviors, digital highlighting and looking back at the paper text were supportive of reading comprehension, whereas paper highlighting was negatively related, likely because paper highlighting tended to occur often outside of important areas of the text. Paper and digital annotating, online dictionary use, and digital look-back did not link to comprehension, when controlling for other covariates. Links to theory, research, and practice are discussed.

In this editorial we describe the clinician/administrator/researcher experience of frustration or confusion around how to effectively advocate for policy change in health care. By the end of the piece the reader will (a) understand the importance of health professionals' advocacy; (b) know how to use policy papers to advocate; and (c) understand how policy organizations use policy papers. We also discuss the National Academies of Medicine, Science, & Engineering High Quality Primary Care report as an example of a policy paper, introduce our new coeditors for the Policy and Management Department, and describe the Collaborative Family Health Care Association's new policy principles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Science of Behavior Change project represents a major advance in the way we approach the study of behavior and behavior change; the protocols in this special issue reflect the innovative approach to intervention development. Digital technology is transforming the way we conduct science and can greatly assist with developing protocols, reporting studies, and evidence synthesis. The journal Addiction has developed an online Paper Authoring Tool (PAT) for reporting full-scale randomized controlled trials that could also be used for reporting protocols and early phase trials. PAT aims to help authors ensure that they include all the required information and present it in a way that is clear and consistent in terms of language and phrasing. It also generates a computer-readable record that should greatly facilitate automation of evidence synthesis. PAT is intended to represent the first step in creation of a supportive ecosystem for the conduct of science, linking grant applications, study protocols, study reports, measures, reviews and study data in a coordinated online knowledge base. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

E-textbooks have become more popular with college students, but there are concerns that reading is not as effective from screens as paper. In addition, students may not take advantage of tools affo...

Objectives The Chilean health system mandates providers to ensure assistance under a guaranteed system, the Explicit Guarantees in Healthcare (EGH) program. The Health Ministry has developed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), but independent assessment of their quality is lacking. Study Design and Setting We assessed all CPGs of the EGH program using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool for appraising quality, validity period, and last update. Results Eighty-six CPGs were published between 2005 and 2016. Only 15 (17.4%) were updated. The overall mean raw score was 4.18 (±0.98). The scaled scores for each domain were: Scope and objectives 79.7%, Stakeholder involvement 46.2%, Rigor of development 36.3%, Clarity of presentation 82.8%, Applicability 23.5%, and Editorial independence 39.2%. The highest items were: overall objectives described, population described, options for management clearly presented, and key recommendations easily identifiable. The worst evaluated items were: views and preferences of the target population, strengths and limitations of the body of evidence, methods for formulating the recommendations, external review by experts, and description of facilitators and barriers to application. Conclusion Most Chilean CPGs included in the EGH program are outdated and show items that should be improved, mainly through a more rigorous methodology, the inclusion of patients in its development, and appropriate consideration of its applicability.

Background and Objective High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are needed to guide practitioners, policy makers, and other stakeholders to provide optimal health care. This study aims to appraise the CPGs developed in the Philippines using the AGREE II instrument. Methods Ninety-one CPGs were appraised independently by two health-care professionals. CPGs were considered acceptable if they garnered an overall mean score of at least 75.0% for all 6 domains and a domain score of at least 75.0% for rigor of development. A mean score of Results Overall mean scores of the CPGs ranged from 8.4% to 79.2%, with a mean of 43.9% (standard deviation = 13.4%). In general, CPGs scored better for the domains of clarity of presentation, scope and purpose, and stakeholder involvement. Lowest scores were obtained for the domains of rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence. Only 1 (1.1%) CPG qualified as acceptable. Conclusion AGREE II is a practical and useful guide in appraising the quality of CPGs. Strengthening technical capacity in various medical fields is essential to improve the quality of CPGs. Rigor of development, applicability issues, and editorial independence should be emphasized in CPG capacity-building activities.

While electronic books offer a range of benefits and may be supposed to be more appealing to young people than paper books, this assumption is often treated as fact by educational researchers. Understanding adolescents’ true current preferences is essential, as incorrect assumptions can lead to decisions which restrict adolescent access to their preferred book mode. The belief that adolescents prefer electronic books to paper books has already led to some school libraries being expunged of paper books. As adolescents show a higher level of aliteracy than younger children, and regular reading offers a broad range of benefits for young people, it is imperative that school’s decisions around providing access to books are responsive to adolescent students’ genuine preferences. This paper analyses the current and relevant academic research around adolescent preferences for book modes, finding that, at present, the contention that adolescents prefer electronic books is not supported by the available research. In addition, there are a number of issues identified that make analyzing the findings in this area problematic. Future studies in this area are needed before an adolescent preference for electronic books can be unequivocally substantiated.

Recent guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention suggest multimodal behavioral interventions for psychosocial risk factors and referral for psychotherapy in the case of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety overall. Accordingly, psychologists of the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Epidemiology (GICR-IACPR) have reviewed the key components of psychological activities in cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CPR). The aim of this study was to elaborate a position paper on the best practice in routine psychological activities in CPR based on efficacy, effectiveness and sustainability. The steps followed were: i) a review of the latest international guidelines and position papers; ii) analysis of the evidence-based literature; iii) a qualitative analysis of the psychological services operating in some reference Italian cardiac rehabilitation facilities; iv) classification of the psychological activities in CPR as low or high intensity based on the NICE Guidelines on psychological interventions on anxiety and depression. We confirm the existence of an association between depression, anxiety, social factors, stress, personality and illness onset/outcome and coronary heart disease. Evidence for an association between depression, social factors and disease outcome emerges particularly for chronic heart failure. Some positive psychological variables (e.g., optimism) are associated to illness outcome. Evidence is reported on the impact of psychological activities on ‘new’ conditions which are now indicated for cardiac rehabilitation: pulmonary hypertension, grown-up congenital heart, end-stage heart failure, implantable cardioverter-defribrillator and mechanical ventricular assist devices, frail and oldest-old patients, and end-of-life care. We also report evidence related to caregivers. The Panel divided evidence-based psychological interventions into: i) low intensity (counseling, psycho-education, self-care, self-management, telemedicine, self-help); or ii) high intensity (individual, couples and/or family and group psychotherapy, such as stress management). The results show that psychotherapy is mainly consisting of cognitive-behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and short-term psycho-dynamic therapy. The current data further refine the working tools available for psychological activities in CPR, giving clear directions about the choice of interventions, which should be evidence-based and have at least a minimum standard. This document provides a comprehensive update on new knowledge and new paths for psychologists working in the CPR settings.

Over the last decade, research on derogatory communication has focused on ordinary speech contexts and the use of conventional pejoratives, like slurs. However, the use of social media has given rise to a new type of derogatory behavior that theorists have yet to address: internet trolling. Trolls make online utterances aiming to frustrate and offend other internet users. Their ultimate goal is amusement derived from observing a good faith interlocutor engage with their provocative posts. The basis for condemning a pejorative utterance is often taken to be the harm it causes or a defective attitude in the speaker. However, trolling complicates this picture, since trolling utterances are by definition insincere and should be recognizable as such to other trolls. Further, these utterances seem morally questionable even when they cause little to no harm (e.g. when a troll’s utterance fails to secure uptake), and they often do not feature conventional pejoratives. I argue that while the potential for negative effects is relevant to ethical assessment, in general trolling is pro tanto wrong because the troll fails to accord others the proper respect that is their due (independently of whether they harm them). However, this characteristic wrong-making feature is sometimes overridden.

This study aimed at developing primary stage pupils' EFL reading and writing skills through using a cloud based collaborative blended learning program. To fulfill this purpose, two instruments were constructed; a pre-post EFL reading test and a pre – post writing test followed by a writing rubric. The participants of the study were 50 pupils selected from the fifth-grade primary stage pupils at Mansoura College International Language Schools in Mansoura. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design using two groups: the experimental group was taught through the proposed cloud based collaborative blended learning program while the control group studied through the regular instructional methods. Results of the study revealed that the experimental group pupils' EFL reading and writing skills were significantly developed and they outperformed their control group counterparts in their performance on these targeted skills. It was recommended that cloud based blended learning should be used in EFL teaching to develop EFL reading and writing skills and other language skills. In addition, EFL learners should be provided with reading and writing courses in which cloud based collaborative blended learning is employed. Key words: Reading Skills -Writing Skills - Cloud based Learning- Blended Learning – Collaborative Learning – Collaborative Blended Learning

System barriers to effective healthcare engagement and navigation contribute to healthcare disparities among Latino children with immigrant parents in the US. We evaluated a nine-minute educational video supporting healthcare navigation and engagement skills of Spanish-speaking Latino parents of infants. Participants viewed the video at their child’s 2-month well-visit, completed a pre-and post-video knowledge evaluation, and answered open-ended questions on video style. A paired t test was used to examine differences in knowledge and open-ended responses were coded using an iterative, consensus-based process. Of the 79 participants, 63.3% had an education level below high school diploma/GED and 84.8% were at risk for limited health literacy. There was a significant gain in healthcare navigation and engagement knowledge after watching the video (p

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have recently gained a lot of attention as a new e-learning paradigm. Despite its widespread use, the high percentage of students who do not use it raises concerns among institutions in developed countries who have spent considerable time and money developing it. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the variables that affect students' decisions to take MOOCs. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing MOOC acceptance among students in Nigerian higher education institution, and it expands on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Five constructs and two moderators are identified and hypothesized and synthesis of related prior literature: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, reputation, subjective norm, facilitating condition, and technology awareness. The suggested conceptual framework in this research enriches existing literature on student’s intention to use MOOCs.

Background: Paper questionnaires have traditionally been the first choice for data collection in research. However, declining response rates over the past decade have increased the risk of selection bias in cross-sectional studies. The growing use of the Internet offers new ways of collecting data, but trials using Web-based questionnaires have so far seen mixed results. A secure, online digital mailbox (e-Boks) linked to a civil registration number became mandatory for all Danish citizens in 2014 (exemption granted only in extraordinary cases). Approximately 89% of the Danish population have a digital mailbox, which is used for correspondence with public authorities. Objective: We aimed to compare response rates, completeness of data, and financial costs for different invitation methods: traditional surface mail and digital mail. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional comparative study. An invitation to participate in a survey on help-seeking behavior in out-of-hours care was sent to two groups of randomly selected citizens from age groups 30-39 and 50-59 years and parents to those aged 0-4 years using either traditional surface mail (paper group) or digital mail sent to a secure online mailbox (digital group). Costs per respondent were measured by adding up all costs for handling, dispatch, printing, and work salary and then dividing the total figure by the number of respondents. Data completeness was assessed by comparing the number of missing values between the two methods. Socioeconomic variables (age, gender, family income, education duration, immigrant status, and job status) were compared both between respondents and nonrespondents and within these groups to evaluate the degree of selection bias. Results: A total 3600 citizens were invited in each group; 1303 (36.29%) responded to the digital invitation and 1653 (45.99%) to the paper invitation (difference 9.66%, 95% CI 7.40-11.92). The costs were €1.51 per respondent for the digital group and €15.67 for paper group respondents. Paper questionnaires generally had more missing values; this was significant in five of 17 variables (P

Each year, many important articles are published that make valuable contributions to the field of psychotherapy. It is helpful to remain informed about recent developments in the field, and respect the useful refinements that are being proposed in various journal articles. Unfortunately, with so many journals in the field, it can be challenging to find the best articles, and some important papers may be overlooked. In recent years, the situation has become even worse with the expansion of many new and often predatory journals, publishing inferior papers. The Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy awards program has two main goals. First, the review of the recent literature helps to highlight the useful papers published during the previous year. Second, the awards program helps to praise the best and inspire the rest, aiming to motivate the field to publish high quality papers. The awards selection process involved a review of numerous academic articles published during 2018 in 60 different professional journals. Then, a panel of judges reviewed 52 finalists for ten possible awards. Adequate agreement was found to provide awards for nine different categories of research studies or review articles. Each winning paper is reviewed, and most authors provide a behind-the-scenes look at the work involved in their valuable contribution to the field of psychotherapy.

This is a conceptual paper on the effect of behavioral factors on job performance, and to investigate the mediating effect of employee engagement between behavioral factors and job performance in Jordanian commercial banks. This paper aims to present literature reviews related to investigating behavioral factors. Also, this paper proposed a model that enables the organization to achieve job performance by includes some factors which are talent management, quality of work-life, and organizational climate. However, employee performance refers to behaviors that are relevant to organizational goals and that are under the control of individual employees. Job performance is the feeling of the employee about his job. Likewise, all factors need to harmonize and align together to reach the desired progress, success, and sustainability. This paper suggests statistical techniques such as normality tests, multicollinearity test, and EFA using the SPSS. For the measurement model and hypothesis testing using smart PLS. Likewise, the conclusion that was drawn is that the effect of investigating Behavioral factors including talent management, quality of work-life, and organizational climate maybe help increase job performance. For future research, this paper recommends that all variables affecting the individual factors of employees should be included and applied to a service sector to confirm the results.

Objectives Compassionate care is a core value of healthcare practice. In the post-Francis arena, the Shape of Caring review scrutinised healthcare education and training. The aim of the review was to better enable healthcare providers in delivering compassionate care and support to people with complex challenging health needs today and in the future. The review also reiterated the role of educators and universities in developing curricula capable of promoting compassionate care. Despite the review focussing upon the nursing profession, this paper suggests there is a similar role for radiography educators in delivering curricula suitable for promoting compassionate care. Potential pedagogic methods and their suitability within the radiography education setting will be considered. Key findings Relationships and emotions were noted as important aspects of promoting compassionate care. The themes ‘practising compassionately’ and ‘individual and relationship factors …’ are of particular relevance to education. Conclusions Compassion remains a priority in policy which must be promoted to students as an integral aspect of healthcare education. A facilitated discussion of students' reflections around practice experiences to promote compassion is suggested. Supplemented by service user stories, students would be able to develop the skills needed to ‘practise compassionately’.

Short answer tests (SAT) are an assessment that examines nursing students' knowledge and can be used to evaluate expectations for student educational success. The purpose of this literature review is to combine the best available evidence as to whether short answer test papers meet nursing facility curricula learning outcomes. A literature review was performed consisting of data bases which included; ERIC, SCOPUS, CINAHL MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY and JOHANNA BIGGS INSTITUTE (JBI). The following keywords were used: Short answer test, written assessment, quiz, organisations, university, higher degree education, tertiary education, nursing, perceptions, attitude, opinions, thoughts, feeling and belief. The majority of studies demonstrated that short answer tests equip nursing students with the knowledge and critical thinking skills for the clinical setting. Three major themes were identified: the effects of increasing class sizes; authenticity and the validity of short answer tests. Short answer tests are commonly used in undergraduate nursing programs to evaluate students’ level of knowledge which consists of their ability to critically analyse and problem solve. To maintain authenticity and validity of an assessment, there is a need for an evidence-based approach to their design to meet the core learning objectives within the curriculum.

This conceptual paper argues that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude are insufficient in explaining online health information seeking patterns among women. Building on the technology acceptance model, this paper presents socio-economic status/income as a direct influence on the attitude that web users have towards searching for health-related information on the internet. This newly added socio-demographic construct offers an understanding of how social factors can determine attitude towards online health information-seeking behavior. The paper conceptualizes socioeconomic status as another factor that has a direct influence attitude, thus influencing women's decision to use or not to use online health-related content. This study highlights the implications of the positive attitude of women towards online health-related content which sometimes does not translate into the actual use of online health-related information. Thus, by introducing income as a limiting or motivating factor, it helps to explain how the affordability of access to the internet might explain why women have a positive attitude towards the internet through their perceptions of its usefulness and ease of use and yet decide not to utilize it.

The gold standard for measuring anhedonia is the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). To date, there are no validated electronic versions of this questionnaire. We aim to study the equivalence between the traditional paper-and-pencil format and a digital version of the SHAPS. A group of 67 patients completed both SHAPS formats, and differences between formats were assessed. McNemar’s test showed no significant differences between the two systems. The Kappa coefficient was over 40% for most items, and reliability was above 0.8, showing good to excellent levels of internal consistency. Thus, we have demonstrated a close equivalence between paper-and-pencil and electronic SHAPS.

The pathology peer review (PR) is an important part of the assessment process of key toxicological results and increases confidence in the quality of histopathology study data. On the other hand, in the last few years, on the basis of findings recorded in the Food and Drug Administration warning letters, a large debate on PR took place and several position papers were issued by either scientific association of pathologists and Quality Assurance (QA) associations. The Guidance on the GLP requirements for Peer Review of Histopathology was issued in May 2010 by the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). This document gave an opportunity to the Italian Group of Quality Assurance in Research (the Italian acronym for which is GIQAR) to discuss more in depth this matter in an ad hoc Round Table. The decision to comment the above MHRA document in order to issue a GIQAR position paper was based on the lack of guidance regarding pathology PR and on the need for a thorough exchange of views among all involved parties as well as to provide recommendations to QA professionals on this specific issue.

Productivity coaches, boot camps and online meet-ups teach researchers to avoid distractions and negative thoughts to get their writing projects done. Productivity coaches, boot camps and online meet-ups teach researchers to avoid distractions and negative thoughts to get their writing projects done.

Science is increasingly done in large teams, making it more likely that papers will be written by several authors from different institutes, disciplines, and cultural backgrounds. A small number of “Ten simple rules” papers have been written on collaboration and on writing but not on combining the two. Collaborative writing with multiple authors has additional challenges, including varied levels of engagement of coauthors, provision of fair credit through authorship or acknowledgements, acceptance of a diversity of work styles, and the need for clear communication. Miscommunication, a lack of leadership, and inappropriate tools or writing approaches can lead to frustration, delay of publication, or even the termination of a project. To provide insight into collaborative writing, we use our experience from the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) to frame 10 simple rules for collaboratively writing a multi-authored paper. We consider a collaborative multi-authored paper to have three or more people from at least two different institutions. A multi-authored paper can be a result of a single discrete research project or the outcome of a larger research program that includes other papers based on common data or methods. The writing of a multi-authored paper is embedded within a broader context of planning and collaboration among team members. Our recommended rules include elements of both the planning and writing of a paper, and they can be iterative, although we have listed them in numerical order. It will help to revisit the rules frequently throughout the writing process. With the 10 rules outlined below, we aim to provide a foundation for writing multi-authored papers and conducting exciting and influential science.