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This paper extends existing debate about the relationship between climate change and migration by locating this debate within the registers of race and difference. The paper argues that the discourse on climate change and migration generates a particular racial orientation to climate change called ‘white affect’. To make this argument, the paper connects up two related phenomena: racial neoliberalism and the relationship between affect and biopower. The white affect of climate change and migration discourse is here understood to be an ‘object-target’ of biopolitics. White affect thus becomes an important concept for understanding how racial neoliberalism functions through affective proxy.

In this paper, we argue for an approach that goes beyond an institutional reading of urban climate governance to engage with the ways in which government is accomplished through social and technical practices. Central to the exercise of government in this manner, we argue, are ‘climate change experiments’– purposive interventions in urban socio-technical systems designed to respond to the imperatives of mitigating and adapting to climate change in the city. Drawing on three different concepts – of governance experiments, socio-technical experiments, and strategic experiments – we first develop a framework for understanding the nature and dynamics of urban climate change experiments. We use this conceptual analysis to frame a scoping study of the global dimensions of urban climate change experimentation in a database of 627 urban climate change experiments in 100 global cities. The analysis charts when and where these experiments occur, the relationship between the social and technical aspects of experimentation and the governance of urban climate change experimentation, including the actors involved in their governing and the extent to which new political spaces for experimentation are emerging in the contemporary city. We find that experiments serve to create new forms of political space within the city, as public and private authority blur, and are primarily enacted through forms of technical intervention in infrastructure networks, drawing attention to the importance of such sites in urban climate politics. These findings point to an emerging research agenda on urban climate change experiments that needs to engage with the diversity of experimentation in different urban contexts, how they are conducted in practice and their impacts and implications for urban governance and urban life.

14 pages, 8 figures, Climate change is likely to result in significant alterations in the atmospheric and oceanic circulation, which may, as a result, affect species that depend on an ocean-driven nutrient supply and particularly those that possess a dispersal phase in their life history. In this paper we investigate the potential changes in larval dispersal and connectivity of marine populations on the Chilean coast due to altered wind forcing consistent with a future climate change scenario. Numerical ocean simulations forced by modeled present-day and future winds under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 scenario are used to investigate the potential changes in nearshore circulation. Off-line particle-tracking simulations are then analyzed to determine resulting changes in larval dispersal and connectivity under each scenario as a function of pelagic larval duration and for two different possible larval behaviors: passive and vertical migration. It is found that the projected future winds drive an intensification of the upwelling circulation, which results in a relative annual mean surface cooling of 1°C over much of the domain, an increase in the strength of the poleward undercurrent, and a more energetic mesoscale eddy field. Neutrally buoyant larvae are inferred to have low rates of settlement under present conditions and are more strongly disadvantaged under the simulated future conditions than larvae with vertically migrating behavior. Larvae that posses an ability to sink out of the surface Ekman layer are found to have higher rates of settlement under present conditions and are, in fact, favored slightly in the A2 scenario for pelagic larval durations longer than 2 days. This behavior-dependent response to future conditions may potentially drive a reorganization of coastal communities, Support for this study was provided through the Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal) and CMA through Fondecyt grant 1100646. We thank Rene Garreaud from the Universidad de Chile for providing the output from the PRECIS model simulations and for his useful comments. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise, and assistance provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. S.A.N. acknowledges support by FONDAP-FONDECYT grant 15001–0001 to CASEB

Atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature are increasing as a consequence of human activity. Periods of low water availability are expected to increase in Mediterranean ecosystems. Temperature gradient tunnels were used to provide near to ambient conditions and conditions simulating predicted increases in CO2 and temperature for an alfalfa crop. The performance, construction, and running costs of the tunnels are reported and discussed. Two levels of water supply were included in the treatments. Plants were grown in large, 13 L pots, keeping a fixed soil volumetric water content and with nodule fixation as the only nitrogen source for the plant. Regardless of water regime, the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth was temperature dependent. Dry matter was enhanced when elevated CO2 and temperature were combined. Plant yield improvement was partly a result of increased photosynthetic rates. There were no effects on plant N concentration. Decreased specific nodule activity might suggest that lack of differences in plant N were a consequence of reduced nodule enzyme activity., This paper originates from an accompanyingmeasure OPTIMISE (Optimisation Of Water Use ByPlants In The Mediterranean) Contract Number:ICA3-CT-2002-50005 from European Commission programme INCO2: INCO-MED. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (BFI2000-0154), Spanish Commission of Science and Technology (AMB96-0396) and Fundación Universitaria de Navarra. I. AranjueloMichelena was the recipient of a research grant fromSpanish Ministry of Science and Technology(FP2000-52313).