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Health science libraries have been using information technology since the late 1960s, shaping both the profession and the mission of these libraries. To explore the impact of technology, a series of articles has been commissioned for the HILJ Regular Feature, International Perspectives and Initiatives. This editorial sets the scene for this series of articles, which starts in this issue. These articles, written by health science librarians from around the globe, will explore the impact of technology on the way health science libraries provide information in the digital age. Some articles will look at national trends and others will focus on a particular library. A key theme is how technology is being used to support the mission of health science libraries and whether technology has altered that mission. This editorial provides a brief overview of the technologies libraries have adopted, from the 1970s to the present day. From this, it is clear that information technology has transformed the way health information is collected, catalogued, and disseminated to users. And it is certain that in the coming decade new technologies will be incorporated into health science libraries, which will pose challenges for both users and librarians. However, librarians will continue to find ways to adapt and use these tools to meet the needs of their users.

Public librarians often address patron inquiries regarding health concerns. However, prior research indicates that public librarians may be unprepared to meet the health information requests of patrons.This study examined the availability of health-themed courses in American Library Association (ALA) accredited Master of Library and Information Studies/Science (MLIS) programs.Accredited MLIS programs were identified using the ALA directory. Curricula were reviewed for health content and public librarianship, children's, and young adult concentrations. Descriptive and bivariate analyses assessed the percent of programs that offered various health-related course content and the differences in availability of such content.Of the 59 accredited MLIS programs, only 35 (59.32%) listed at least one health elective and none listed a required health course. No MLIS programs that had a public library concentration (n = 21) listed a required or elective health course, two programs with a children's concentration (n = 25) listed health course electives, and one program with a young adult concentration (n = 25) listed a health course elective.ALA-accredited MLIS programs should consider increasing their offerings or requiring health-related courses to improve the training of public librarians to meet the health information needs of communities.

In this article, Ms Yihang Chen with her supervisor, Prof Lihong Zhou, reports on her MA in Library Science study aimed to identify user requirements of library research support services (RSS) at the universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China. This study adopted an inductive qualitative approach, employed as a case study and 14 TCM researchers and academic librarians using semi-structured interviews. The research findings point to 28 RSS requirements in five main themes: mastering, planning, project, publication and electronic preservation stages. Although this research is situated in China, it has implications for libraries worldwide in supporting research into holistic and indigenous medicine. F.J.

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Eli Arama is an Associate Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. He has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2018.

This study is jointly supported by MOST (2017YFA0204702, 2018YFA0208504,) and NSFC (52073016, 51773207, 51973031, 21905018, 21905158) of China. This work was further supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (buctrc201828, XK1802-2), Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (sklssm202043), Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No. 20192ACB20009) and Hong Kong Scholars Program (Grant No. XJ2020051). The research reported in this publication was supported by funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). A.C.Y.L. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (FT180100594). The authors acknowledge the use of instruments and assistance at the Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, a Node of Microscopy Australia, including the Titan Krios (Australian Research Council LE120100090). This work was performed in part at the SAXS/WAXS beamtline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. Z. T. acknowledges the Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No. 19PJ1400500).

Prior research evaluating the papers presented in forensic sciences in international meetings is scant. This study determines the possible predictions concerning publications by comparing the publication rates, publication years, and presentation types, time until publication, participating countries, and criteria of the published journals in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). The publication rates of abstracts presented at scientific meetings of AAFS, a prestigious forensic science organization, along with the aforementioned components and the extent of their contribution in 2011 and 2016 were investigated. The abstracts presented at the AAFS meetings in 2011 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively within the scope of this study. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched using a specified process that included the title, first and last author surnames, and keywords. Results revealed that approximately 21% and 24% of the papers presented at the 2011 and 2016 AAFS meetings, respectively, were published. Considering the publication rates of abstracts according to sections, the publication rates for the 2011 AAFS meeting ranged from 4% (questioned documents) to 31% (anthropology) and from 5% (questioned documents) to 32% (pathology/biology), on average, for the 2016 AAFS meeting. It was determined that the papers were largely published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences for both annual scientific meetings. Future studies should concentrate on the obstacles to the publication of papers presented at such prestigious organizations and strategies to facilitate the publication process such that they do not lose their value over time.

Fine‐scale movement patterns are driven by both biotic (hunting, physiological needs) and abiotic (environmental conditions) factors. The energy balance governs all movement‐related strategic decisions.Marine environments can be better understood by considering the vertical component. From 24 acoustic trackings of 10 white sharks in Guadalupe Island, this study linked, for the first time, horizontal and vertical movement data and inferred six different behavioral states along with movement states, through the use of hidden Markov models, which allowed to draw a comprehensive picture of white shark behavior.Traveling was the most frequent state of behavior for white sharks, carried out mainly at night and twilight. In contrast, area‐restricted searching was the least used, occurring primarily in daylight hours.Time of day, distance to shore, total shark length, and, to a lesser extent, tide phase affected behavioral states. Chumming activity reversed, in the short term and in a nonpermanent way, the behavioral pattern to a general diel vertical pattern., This study linked horizontal and vertical movements of white sharks from active tracking data and obtained six different behavioral states through the use of hidden Markov models.

[EN] Despite advances in recognizing women's influence in all spheres of life, society has not fully acknowledged women's role and influence in business. To address this gap, this review aims to map research on women's involvement in family firms (WIFF), the most common form of business entity worldwide, which appears to provide an enabling environment for women to act as leaders and entrepreneurs. First, through a systematic process, we select 225 papers identified from the Web of Science database and perform a bibliographic coupling analysis that explores the WIFF dataset with the support of clustering algorithms. The results of the review reveal five thematic clusters: (1) female entrepreneurs and family firms; (2) women in family-firm governance; (3) family-business dynamics; (4) women in business succession; and (5) temporal and spatial dimensions of women's involvement. Second, we supplement the bibliometric analysis with a review of the literature, which enhances understanding of the research topics and theoretical perspectives adopted, helping to develop an integrative framework and formulate new research questions that support the development of this promising field of research. Thus, this review provides a robust roadmap for further investigation of key issues in the field, which can help academics, policymakers and practitioners. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support fromdifferent institutions. The research leading to this work received funding fromthe Spanish MCIU/AEI/FEDER-UE underGrant No. RTI2018-097579-B-100, and fromthe UPV/EHU under GrantNo. GIU19/057. In addition, AmaiaMaseda received a Salvador de Madariaga Grant (PRX19/00636) fromthe Spanish MECD for a research stay at theUniversity of EdinburghBusiness School (UK) during 2020. The authorswould like to thank the anonymous reviewers and Dr. Marian IszattWhite, associate editor of this journal, for their valuable comments and helpful suggestions. Any errors and misjudgements are the sole responsibility of the authors.

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Nektarios Tavernarakis is Chairman of the Board of Directors at the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), and Professor of Molecular Systems Biology at the University of Crete Medical School, Greece. In 2020, he was elected Vice President of the European Research Council (ERC). He has served as Editorial Board Member of The FEBS Journal since 2018.

© 2021 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Objective: Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits are often characterized by aberrant reinforcement learning. This type of learning, which implicates making choices that maximize rewards and minimize punishments, may be affected by acute stress. However, how acute stress affects reinforcement learning in individuals with different levels of psychopathic traits is not well-understood. Here, we investigated whether and how individual differences in psychopathic traits modulated the impact of acute stress on reward and punishment learning. Method: Sixty-two male participants from a university sample completed the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form scale and performed a reinforcement-learning task involving monetary gains and losses whilst under acute stress and control conditions. Results: Individual differences in psychopathic traits modulated the impact of acute stress on behavioral performance toward obtaining gains, but not toward avoiding losses. As levels of psychopathic traits increased, the impairing effect of acute stress on reward learning decreased. Specifically, acute stress impaired performance toward seeking gains to a larger extent in individuals with lower levels of psychopathic traits than in individuals with higher levels of these traits. Conclusions: Our study indicates that psychopathic traits modulate the impact of acute stress on reward learning., ASC was supported by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/94970/2013, PTDC/MHC-PCN/2296/2014, co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016747)]. AM was supported by FCT and from EU through the European Social Fund and from the Human Potential Operational Program [IF/00750/2015]. JC was supported by FCT through the Portuguese State Budget and European Social Fund through the Human Capital Operational Program, North Portugal Regional Operational Program (PD/BD/128467/2017). This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, supported by FCT through the Portuguese State Budget (UID/PSI/01662/2020).

Funding Information: This research was funded by AHDB Cereals and Oilseeds (project no. 2140010), the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC/BB/P00489X/1), Innovate UK (102641), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (OREGIN, CH0104), the Gen Foundation, and the University of Hertfordshire. We acknowledge in‐kind contributions from Mark Nightingale (Elsoms Seeds UK Ltd) and Dr Vasilis Gegas (Limagrain UK Ltd) by providing advice and support for this study. We thank Dr Rachel Wells (John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK) for providing seeds of Q DH lines and Cabriolet. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Plant Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society for Plant Pathology

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Wiley in Learned Publishing on 08/09/2021. The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.

What is architecture's role within the agenda of food as a catalyst for urban production and development? Having completed a commissioned study in 2015 for the West Louisville Food Port in Kentucky, along with a research studio at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University, Shohei Shigematsu, partner at OMA, shares his insights on the subject with Guest-Editors Rafael Luna and Dongwoo Yim.

When studying protein-ligand interactions, many different factors can influence the behaviour of the protein as well as the ligands. Molecular visualisation tools typically concentrate on the movement of single ligand molecules; however, viewing only one molecule can merely provide a hint of the overall behaviour of the system. To tackle this issue, we do not focus on the visualisation of the local actions of individual ligand molecules but on the influence of a protein and their overall movement. Since the simulations required to study these problems can have millions of time steps, our presented system decouples visualisation and data preprocessing: our preprocessing pipeline aggregates the movement of ligand molecules relative to a receptor protein. For data analysis, we present a web-based visualisation application that combines multiple linked 2D and 3D views that display the previously calculated data The central view, a novel enhanced sequence diagram that shows the calculated values, is linked to a traditional surface visualisation of the protein. This results in an interactive visualisation that is independent of the size of the underlying data, since the memory footprint of the aggregated data for visualisation is constant and very low, even if the raw input consisted of several terabytes. This work has been partially funded by German Research Foundation (DFG) as project PROLINT (project number 391088465), and project TIN2017-88515-C2-1-R (GEN3DLIVE), from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, by 839FEDER (EU) funds. M.K. was funded by Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung. The RCSB PDB was jointly funded by the NSF, the NIH and the US DoE [NSF DBI-1338415; PI: SK Burley].

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus and perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Brent Derry is Professor at the Department of Molecular Genetics of University of Toronto and Senior Scientist of the Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada). He has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2017.

Translation abstract Due to the corona pandemic, an extensive bachelor course on chemistry experiments for schools (6 SWS) had to be digitalized within a very short time at the beginning of the summer semester 2020. Weekly seminars and equivalencies to laboratory practical work were conducted in form of zoom video conferences;Moodle served as the learning platform for providing materials, for online tests and for submitting course work. The seminar part started with an instructional phase, followed by a working phase in which the students worked collaboratively on didactical contents. Subsequently, the experiments were provided as videos, which the students worked on in pairs of two and documented in digital protocols. For further processing, the students created, for example, explanatory videos or, with the help of PDF documents accessible online, hazard assessments. At the end of the semester, the digitalized course was evaluated by the students through an online questionnaire. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Aufgrund der Corona‐Pandemie musste zu Beginn des Sommersemesters 2020 innerhalb kurzester Zeit eine umfangreiche Bachelor‐Veranstaltung zur schulexperimentellen Erschliesung chemischer Inhalte (6 SWS) digitalisiert werden. Wochentlich wurden Seminar‐ und Aquivalente zu Praktikumssitzungen in Form von Zoom‐Videokonferenzen durchgefuhrt;dabei diente Moodle als Lernplattform zur Bereitstellung von Materialien, fur Online‐Tests und zur Abgabe von Studienleistungen. Im Seminarteil erarbeiteten die Studierenden nach einer Instruktionsphase kollaborativ fachdidaktische Inhalte. Anschliesend wurden die Versuche aus dem Praktikumsskript mithilfe von Videos in Partnerarbeit erschlossen und in digitalen Versuchsprotokollen dokumentiert. Zur weitergehenden Verarbeitung erstellten die Studierenden beispielsweise Erklarvideos oder mithilfe von online zuganglichen PDF‐Formularen Gefahrdungsbeurteilungen. Die digitalisierte Lehrveranstaltung wurde zum Abschluss des Semesters mit den Studierenden in Form eines Online‐Fragebogens evaluiert. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Chemkon - Chemie Konkret is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim\ud\udThe International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) has served as a platform for research and clinical practice in Endodontics since 1967. This study provides a bibliographic analysis and overview of the publications that have appeared in the IEJ from 1967 to 2020.\udMethodology\ud\udA literature search was performed in Elsevier's Scopus database to locate all the publications of the International Endodontic Journal. Various bibliometric software packages including the open-source visualization software Gephi and Biblioshiny (version 2.0) were employed for data visualization and analysis.\udResults\ud\udA total of 3739 records with citation and bibliographic details were selected and retrieved to allow a bibliometric analysis to be performed. The bibliometric analysis indicates that the IEJ has grown both in terms of productivity and influence. Over time, the journal has been associated with an increase in the number of manuscripts published and the citations they have attracted, but with minor downward fluctuations in citations in the last few years. Bibliographic coupling of the IEJ articles revealed that the major research themes published in the journal include ‘endodontics’, ‘root canal treatment’, ‘calcium hydroxide’, ‘apical periodontitis’, ‘mineral trioxide aggregate’, ‘microbiology’, ‘cyclic fatigue’, ‘cone-beam computed tomography’ and ‘micro-computed tomography’. Authors affiliated to institutions in the UK were the major contributors to the journal and were linked with other countries such as Brazil, USA and Malaysia. The largest number of publications were from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.\udConclusion\ud\udThe IEJ is one of the leading journals in Endodontology and has been providing a platform for innovative research and clinical reports for more than 50 years. Publications have been associated with a wide range of authors, institutions and countries around the world.

Objective To provide an updated overview of the leishmaniasis epidemiology in the Balkans, as this region presents "blank space" on the map of leishmaniasis knowledge in Europe. Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, literature on the presence and circulation of human leishmaniasis in Balkan countries was screened in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Matica Srpska Library and the National Library of Serbia. Results Sixty nine publications from 1919 until September 2020 were reviewed. Historical records indicate that leishmaniasis was previously present mainly in the southern parts of the Balkans, while newer data demonstrate its northward spread. Conclusions Human leishmaniasis is re-emerging in the Balkans and in some areas is already widespread.

Sediments deposited by glacial meltwaters (for example, ice‐contact delta deposits) form permeable packages in the subsurface that can act as reservoirs for both water and hydrocarbons. They are also an important source of aggregate for the construction industry. As reservoirs they are challenging to characterize in terms of their structure, flow and storage properties due to their complex depositional history. In this study, ice‐contact deltas of Salpausselkä I and II end moraines in Southern Finland are studied using a combination of geomorphological mapping, sedimentological studies and near surface geophysical methods. Sedimentary logs from isolated outcrops were correlated to ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles to unravel the internal structure and depositional history of these ice‐contact deltas. Subsequently, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and gravity data were analysed to estimate the depth to bedrock and to model porosity distribution within the sediments. Results of the study suggest that the delta deposits have a broad range of porosities (10 to 42%) with lowest values found in the bottomset beds. The most variable porosities are in the subaqueous ice‐contact–fan zone, and consistently high porosities occur in delta foreset/topset facies. Detailed sedimentary logging linked to the GPR data shows heterogeneities such as mud drapes on foresets and kettle holes which are below the resolution of ERT and gravity methods but significantly affect reservoir properties of the deltas. Moreover, oscillation of the ice‐margin may have introduced larger heterogeneities (for example, buried ice marginal ridges, or eskers) into the sedimentary sequence which are atypical for other Gilbert‐type deltas. Finally, subglacially sculpted, highly variable bedrock topography exerts a major control on sediment distribution within the delta making reservoir volume and quality less predictable. This work has implications for present‐day freshwater aquifers and low enthalpy geothermal energy in southern Finland and other deglaciated regions, as well as hydrocarbon exploration of analogous deposits in the subsurface from Pleistocene and pre‐Pleistocene glaciogenic sequences.

This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62071157, 61620106003, 61772523, 61972459), the KAUST Baseline Funding, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M680754), the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University (No. VRLAB2020C03), and the Tencent AI Lab Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program (No. JR202023).

This 75th birthday tribute to our Editorial Board member Alexander Wlodawer recounts his decades-long service to the community of structural biology researchers. His former and current colleagues tell the story of his upbringing and education, followed by an account of his dedication to quality and rigor in crystallography and structural science. The FEBS Journal Editor-in-Chief Seamus Martin further highlights Alex's outstanding contributions to the journal's success over many years.

The resolution of cryptic diversity is essential for understanding the evolutionary diversification of lineages and establishing conservation priorities. We examine relationships in Eriogoneae (Polygonaceae), a diverse lineage in western North America. We ask whether Eriogonum umbellatum, a morphologically and ecologically diverse species, is monophyletic and whether its varieties represent evolutionary lineages. We use genotyping-by-sequencing to assemble a SNP dataset for 51 species in the genera Chorizanthe, Eriogonum and Sidotheca. We report a hierarchical phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood to estimate the evolutionary history of Eriogoneae. We illustrate admixture components for 21 populations of E. umbellatum, representing four varieties, and test for lineage structure using TreeMix. We identify strongly supported clades within Eriogoneae. Many relationships in the Eucycla + Oregonium and Latifolia clades are supported, while most relationships within the Eriogonum subg. Oligogonum clade and a clade with most Chorizanthe remain unresolved. Eriogonum congdonii resolves within the main E. umbellatum clade, while populations of three varieties of E. umbellatum are closely related to E. ursinum and are associated with serpentine soils. ADmixture and TreeMix analyses suggest E. umbellatum varieties represent evolutionary lineages. These results from SNP data are largely consistent with previous phylogenetic studies of Eriogoneae based on sequence variation. Structure within Oligogonum suggests consistent environmental association and radiation after initial colonization of serpentine. Morphology is unreliable for the infraspecific taxonomy of E. umbellatum. Additional molecular studies are needed to resolve the evolutionary relationships and ecological diversification within this species, in Oligogonum, and in Eriogoneae. We thank SGIker research support services at the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain for DNA extraction and quality control, and acknowledge Centro Nacional de d-Analisi Genomica in Barcelona, Spain for GBS sequencing. We thank J. Andre, N.J. Jensen and J. Steele for contributing samples and D. Marino for collaboration in nucleic acid extractions. We acknowledge the contributions of O. Lao Grueso to the ADmixture and TreeMix analyses. We thank U.S. Forest Service employees D. Austin, J. Fedorchuk, M. Friend, J. Haas, D. Ikeda, L. Janeway, J. Nelson, D. Netz, A. Sanger, and S. Weis among others for facilitating permitting and collecting. This work was supported by funds from the Basque Government in support of the Terrestrial Plant Diversity group of the Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, and an ERC Advanced Grant, FP7-IDEAS-ERC, `ADAPT', project 339941 awarded to T. Brown.

Despite the high relevance of 1,3‐dienes, stereoselective methods to access tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes are still scarce. We here report an efficient and modular approach that provides access to multifunctional tetrasubstituted 1,3‐dienes with excellent levels of regio‐ and stereoselectivity. This methodology is based on a tetracomponent reaction between a borylated dendralene, an organolithium reagent and two different electrophiles. Mechanistic studies reveal that this transformation proceeds through a regio‐ and stereoselective carbolithiation/electrophilic trapping of an in situ formed dendralenic boron‐ate complex, followed by a stereoretentive halodeborylation. The ease in which complex structural dienes can be accessed and their synthetic versatility highlight the importance and utility of this method., An unprecedented tetra‐component reaction between a borylated dendralene, an organolithium reagent and two different electrophiles is reported. The method allows for the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted 1,3‐dienes with “à la carte” introduction of diverse functionalities which serve as a versatile handle to access complex dienic structures.

Background Health library and information professionals need continuing professional development to update their skills and knowledge. There is very limited evidence on the training needs of medical librarians in Nigeria. Objectives To identify the training needs of medical librarians in Nigeria, principally the content topics required, preferred formats of training, and barriers to training. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to 94 registered members of the Medical Library Association of Nigeria. Results The majority of the 64 medical librarian respondents wanted training in information systems and technology usage. The respondents also indicated that they prefer participating in seminar/workshops and being involved in face-to-face courses. Very few of the respondents have attended any specialist training aimed at their work in the medical field. The foremost challenge identified is the high cost of training. Discussion This study confirmed that the librarianship degree acquired from library schools only serves as a foundation for medical librarians, and it does not provide the specific subject training required to work successfully as medical librarians. Conclusion There is a gap in knowledge base of medical librarians in Nigeria that needs to be filled by specific on-the-job training and courses which are affordable.

The second biannual Alpine Winter Conference on Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry (short: Alpine Winter Conference) took place January 19-23, 2020, in St. Anton in western Austria. There were roughly 180 attendees from around the globe, making this mid-sized conference particularly conducive to networking and exchanging ideas over the course of four and a half days. This report summarizes the key events and presentations given by researchers working in both industry and academia.