Search

Given the recent events worldwide due to viral diseases that affect human health, automatic monitoring systems are one of the strong points of research that has gained strength, where the detection of biohazardous waste of a sanitary nature is highlighted related to viral diseases stands out. It is essential in this field to generate developments aimed at saving lives, where robotic systems can operate as assistants in various fields. In this work an artificial intelligence algorithm based on two stages is presented, one is the recognition of paper debris using a ResNet-50, chosen for its object localization capacity, and the other is a fuzzy inference system for the generation of alarm states due to biological risk by such debris, where fuzzy logic helps to establish a model for a non-predictive system as the one exposed. A biohazard detection algorithm for paper waste is described, oriented to operate on an assistive robot in a residential environment. The training parameters of the network, which achieve 100% accuracy with confidence levels between 82% for very small waste and 100% in direct view, are presented. Timing cycles are established for validation of the exposure time of the waste, where through the fuzzy system, risk alarms are generated, which allows establishing a system with an average reliability of 98%.

The goal of the testing process is to find errors and defects in the software being developed so that they can be fixed and corrected before they are delivered to the customer. Regression testing is an essential quality testing technique during the maintenance phase of the program as it is performed to ensure the integrity of the program after modifications have been made. With the development of the software, the test suite becomes too large to be fully implemented within the given test cost in terms of budget and time. Therefore, the cost of regression testing using different techniques should be reduced, here we dealt many methods such as retest all technique, regression test selection technique (RTS) and test case prioritization technique (TCP). The efficiency of these techniques is evaluated through the use of many metrics such as average percentage of fault detected (APFD), average percentage block coverage (APBC) and average percentage decision coverage (APDC). In this paper we dealt with these different techniques used in test case selection and test case prioritization and the metrics used to evaluate their efficiency by using different techniques of artificial intelligent and describe the best of all.

Paper is regarded as a promising alternative for low-cost and biodegradable substrate. Paper can be a very good humidity detecting substrate due to its capability to absorb water vapour, thanks to its porous surface. This work explores the feasibility of developing a paper-based humidity sensor using simple and low cost fabrication process. Two type of electrode structures, namely interdigitated and parallel electrode, were formed by using two different pencil grade. The pencil grades used were 2B and 6B. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated device were measured under different relative humidity and its humidity sensing operation was analyzed. It was observed that the sensor with the 6B and parallel electrode configuration was the most responsive to humidity changes while the 6B interdigitated sensor was the second best. The sensors fabricated with the 6B electrodes are better at sensing humidity changes compared to the sensors fabricated using 2B electrodes.

This paper examines the physico-mechanical properties of untreated kenaf based insulation paper with consideration on different beating degrees. Kenaf bast fibers were first processed through soda pulping process. Different beating degrees were subjected to the processed pulps. Physical parameters of the paper were measured for each of the beating degrees. It is found that as the beating revolution increases, the kenaf based insulation paper’s density, tensile index and burst index increase while thickness and tear index decrease.

People are still using paper money for daily transaction; this, however, will expose some difficulty for visually impaired people. Though they can still read the nominal value of the paper money by the other people or feel the tactile feature, they cannot depend upon others all the time and the tactile feature does not work well if the paper money is worn out. Some alternatives have been proposed and conducted. One of them is using money value recognition application. The application will recognize nominal value of paper money comparing the image of the paper with database. This process is using a feature extraction algorithm called ORB feature descriptor. It has been used for six (6) different types of currencies that are 5 most traded currencies and Indonesia currency and also for different types of nominals (bills).

Education is the soul of a community; it goes from one generation to another.Exam is the prime responsibility of an educational framework. The reasonfor an examination is to select talented applicants for multiple positions.Exam is an important aspect of the education system to test students' abilitiesonline and in oral papers. Every year we receive deferred / canceled exammessages due to paper leakage. Therefore, we have come up with aaffordable and concise outcome, and we have decided to design andimplement the "Exam Paper Leak Protection Framework", which will be amuch more secure structure depending on the controller. Together withRFID Reader, Finger prints sensor, Buzzer, LCD, and Wi-Fi module. First,the university will send a selection sheet to an educational institution"electronic sealed box" called the "electronic control box". Electronic controlbox is a prototype that can be proposed using controller, and the RTC todisplay the current date and time. If anybody tries to intrude the box thebuzzer will beep and alert message will be send to the university.

In the last few years, all companies have been interested in the analysis of data related to Human Resources and have focused on human capital, which is considered as the major factor influencing the company’s development and all its activities at all levels of human resource policies. Data analysis (HR analytics) will significantly improve business profitability over the next years.We started with an extensive survey of different human resources problems and risks reported by HR specialists, then a comprehensive review of recent research efforts on computer science techniques proposed to solve these problems and finally focusing on suggested artificial intelligence methods. This review article will be an archive and a reference for computer scientists working on HR by summarizing the IT solutions already made in human resources for the period between 2008 and 2018. It aims to present clearly the issues that HR researchers face and for which computer scientists seek solutions. It summarizes at the same time the recent and different methods, IT approaches and tools already used by highlighting those using artificial intelligence.

This article presents an analysis of reflection loss and reflection phase behavior of a novel microstrip reflectarray antenna, embedded on paper substrate material. Two different paper substrates were first analyzed for dielectric material properties. A detailed analysis of scattering parameters of rectangular patch element with variable substrate heights has been carried out. Rectangular patch elements fabricated using adhesive copper tape over the paper substrate, show that a wide bandwidth is achieved compared to available conventional substrate materials. Fabricated patch elements over paper substrate material show a broadband frequency response of 340 and 290 MHz. It has also been demonstrated that the measured reflection phase ranges for both the substrate cover 310º and 294º at low phase gradients of 0.12 and 0.24 º/MHz respectively.

With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Dual band printed slot antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques, different shapes and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of dual band printed slot antennas. This paper is on various techniques for designing dual band printed slot antenna exhibits details of different geometries developed to get multiband behavior of printed slot antenna. In this paper geometry of the antenna and variousparameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are discussed. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by geometry on different shapes of printed slot antenna for 5G next generation wireless (NGW) mobile application are presented

Detecting the authenticity of paper currencies using automated based Paper Currency Recognition (PCR) with image processing techniques was still a hot topic of discussion, due to the circulation of counterfeit currency that was still overwhelming in some countries. There was a downside along with this advancement in technology in the field of color printing, duplication, and scanning, because it was became one of the supporting factors of the increasing crime rate in production of counterfeit money. Our system has performed a PCR approach based on image processing techniques. In this study, the SAR banknote was the object to be recognized and detected its authenticity with the development of the previous method, which was incorporating the Geometric Template Matching and Grayscale Template Matching. In addition to the pattern recognition process, the classification process on 1 SAR, 2 SAR, 5 SAR, and 10 SAR was also performed. From PCR test up to 100 sample data, for each tested banknote value obtained the average value of the best accuracy level from incorporating GeoMatchingScore and GrayMatchingScore for the classification process was 95.25%. While the average level of system accuracy in recognizing counterfeit money on each banknote obtained a maximum value of 100%.

In this paper, an android expert system for recommending the suitable journal for publishing the researchers' papers has been presented. In so doing, the expectations of different journals for accepting an article and also the requests of papers' writers for choosing the journals have been examined. Language, quality, waiting time for judgment, waiting time for publication after acceptance, field, length of paper and cost are the system inputs and its output is the degree of suitability of journals for publishing a certain paper. This system includes a database of different journals and their parameters. It uses particle swarm optimization method and K-means++ algorithm for assessing and clustering the journals database and determines an index for every cluster of journals. The process for matching the paper with a cluster's index is done through fuzzy induction system. After choosing the most similar cluster, the paper is compared with all the journals of the cluster in the same way and the result including the most similar journals is presented. This system has been tested for journals and papers in the computer field indexed in Elsevier.

The issue our group locations is best conveyed in the accompanying inquiry: Given the quantity of dealers, shoppers, and money related organizations in the U.S., how might we assemble a recordkeeping framework that enhances the ease of use, availability, and supportability of customer exchange records. A current review demonstrates that 80% of the U.S. populace gets one to three receipts a day, 11% of which promptly escape With America's retailers creating roughly 228.7 million pounds of receipt paper every year, this means 22.87 million pounds of paper that in a flash move toward becoming refuse . Promote, the present framework does not make receipts promptly open to traders and shoppers when they require them. In this venture, our group means to enhance the administration of shopper exchange records while diminishing the quantity of receipts imprinted in the United States. An answer for this issue will likewise furnish buyers with a more advantageous approach to screen their ways of managing money.The framework is made out of four sections: an electronic UI, a deride money enroll, a receipt administration database, and a XML convention that conveys between the money enlist and the receipt database. On the off chance that executed on a national scale, this electronic receipt administration framework would permit clients (dealers, shoppers, and monetary organizations) access to all receipt information in one area and in one steady configuration, in this way wiping out the requirement for paper receipts.

This paper described the development of a small and low cost biosensor consisting of a smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor device and a paper-based biosensor. The device harvested power from the smartphone and transferred data through audio jack. We designed CMOS circuits including a power supply circuit, a potentiostat, and a ΔΣ modulator. The fabrication of a paper-based biosensor was simple: the three electrodes were directly drawn on chromatography paper using a carbon pencil. The paper-based biosensor was low cost, disposable, portable and friendly to the environment. The sensing system was designed to perform the chronoamperometry measurement, and the glucose concentration in a liquid specimen was detected. Results showed that the sensing system was capable of measuring the glucose concentration as precisely as expensive equipments.

With the development of computer technology and artificial intelligence, the research into examination paper composition receives more and more concern, and the artificial composition of examination paper based on the genetic algorithm gradually demonstrates its superiority. However, due to the complexity of the restraints of paper composition, it has many shortcomings. This paper focuses on the application of the genetic algorithm in paper composition, and proposes an improved tactic of arithmetic crossing, which enlarges the searching space of algorithm to a considerable extent, avoiding the defects of the slow convergence of the simple genetic algorithm and regional convergence so that the efficiency and quality of paper composition are raised. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i4.4888

This paper presents the overall review of torque ripple reduction techniques in brushless DC motors (BLDC) and different multilevel inverter topologies suitable for BLDC motor drives. BLDC motors are widely used for household applications due to its features of high reliability, simple frame, high efficiency, fast dynamic response, compact size and low maintenance, etc.. The switches are electronically commutated based on the information of rotor position detection. The position of the rotor is determined with the help of the sensor or sensorless techniques. Hence it is an electronically commutated motor. Because of this commutation, the ripples are generated in the electromagnetic torque and the power factor of AC mains gets affected. So, in order to improve the performance of these motors the ripple in the electromagnetic torque could be reduced and the power factor of the AC mains should be increased. An enormous review of different torque ripple reduction techniques and different multilevel inverter topologies suitable for torque ripple minimization and power quality improvement with different converter topologies are discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i1.6904

With the increasing use of CiteSeer academic search engines, the accuracy of such systems has become more and more important. The paper adopts the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for training conditional random field model and applies it into the research papers’ title and citation retrieval. The improved particl swarm optimization algorithm brings the particle swarm aggregation to prevent particle swarm from being plunged into local convergence too early, and uses the linear inertia factor and learning factor to update particle rate. It can control algorithm in infinite iteration by the iteration between particle relative position change rate. The results of which using the standard research papers’ heads and references to evaluate the trained conditional random field model shows that compared with traditionally conditional random field model and Hidden Markov Model, the conditional random field model ,optimized and trained by improved particle swarm, has been better ameliorated in the aspect of F1 mean error and word error rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i3.2188 Full Text: PDF

Association rule mining is intently used for determining the frequent itemsets of transactional database; however, it is needed to consider the utility of itemsets in market behavioral applications. Apriori or FP-growth methods generate the association rules without utility factor of items. High-utility itemset mining (HUIM) is a well-known method that effectively determines the itemsets based on high-utility value and the resulting itemsets are known as high-utility itemsets. Fastest high-utility mining method (FHM) is an enhanced version of HUIM. FHM reduces the number of join operations during itemsets generation, so it is faster than HUIM. For large datasets, both methods are very expenisve. Proposed method addressed this issue by building pruning based utility co-occurrence structure (PEUCS) for elimatination of low-profit itemsets, thus, obviously it process only optimal number of high-utility itemsets, so it is called as optimal FHM (OFHM). Experimental results show that OFHM takes less computational runtime, therefore it is more efficient when compared to other existing methods for benchmarked large datasets.

Nowadays, the multi-robot task allocation problem is one of the most challenging problems in multi-robot systems. It concerns the optimal assignment of a set of tasks to several robots while optimizing a given criterion subject to some constraints. This problem is very complex, particularly when handling large groups of robots and tasks. We propose a formal analysis of the task allocation problem in a multi-robot system, based on set theory concepts. We believe that this analysis will help researchers understand the nature of the problem, its time complexity, and consequently develop efficient solutions. Also, we used that formal analysis to formulate two well-known taxonomies of multi-robot task allocation problems. Finally, a generic solving scheme of multi-robot task allocation problems is proposed and illustrated on assigning papers to reviewers within a journal.

The suitability of natural ester oils as an insulating medium in power transformers is discussed in this paper. Owing to environmental concerns, natural ester oils have great potential as mineral oil substitutes in power transformers. In this paper, the aging behaviors of palm and rapeseed natural ester oils were compared with that for mineral oil. The performance of these natural ester oils was assessed based on their properties (moisture content, acidity, and relative content of dissolved decay products) after accelerated thermal aging. The results showed that the palm oil has better performance compared to the rapeseed oil after accelerated thermal aging for 1500 h because of its lower acidity. This was further supported by the presence of sludge in the rapeseed oil after 1500 h of aging.

In this research, a new model development and innovation of conventional boat named plug-in hybrid electric recreational boat (PHERB) was introduced to overcome the fuel economy nowadays. This paper focus on the comparison simulation results of PHERB with advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) and an automotive simulation and analysis tool (AUTONOMIE) models in terms of electric machine, energy system storage, propeller and boat model. The model of the PHERB is consequent and applied mathematically in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to study its functioning performance. Besides that, fuel economy and emissions of PHERB, ADVISOR and AUTONOMIE model are equated and the pros and cons were discussed in this paper based on simulation result.

In this research, a novel property of activated carbon powder (AC powder) has been utilized to realize a disposable paper-based battery. AC powder was loaded on a 3D carbon paper substrate to make the anode. The cathode was integrated directly on the paper-based battery case by coating multiwalled carbon nanotube mixed with potassium ferricyanide on a side of a sheet of filter paper, the other side worked as a paper-based proton exchange membrane. This design provides a simple but practical disposable water-activated battery. The developed battery generated the maximum power density of 10.4 µW/cm2 at the AC powder concentration of 17 mg/cm2. Although, the output power of the battery is low, it is made of low-cost and abundant materials, and therefore being able to scale up. The battery is a disposable and on-demand micropower generation activated anytime, anywhere by water.

The use of detergent in households is practiced by almost all people. These conditions make the quality of the environment, especially water bodies, more disturbed when the detergent waste disposal without prior processing. Hazard by detergent can interfere with human health such as digestive system disorders, skin irritation, and even one of the causes of cancer. The aimed of this research was to design a modified biofilter reactor to reduce levels of detergent and other organic substances in domestic wastewater. This research was a pre-experimental design research with designs used is pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The research media used were bioball because bioball has more space on its surface for bacterial growth that will form bacterial phylum, while activated carbon serves to increase efficiency in reducing levels of organic matter and to reduce the concentration of surfactants dissolved. The process is more effective if given a treatment with a process of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. The results showed a decrease in detergent content from 14.56 mg/L to 0.86 mg/L (94.1%). These results indicate that the Bio Filter reactor was effective in reducing detergent levels to meet the detergent waste standard requirements based on East Java Governor Regulation No. 72/2013.

This study is concerned with the analyses of performance on a solar dryer integrated with solid desiccant coloums using water based solar collector. The dryer consists of a solar water collector, two solid desiccant coloums, a water storage tank, two heat exchangers, an air heater, and a drying chamber. The dryer decreased the Centella asiatica L moisture content from 88.3% (wb) to 15.9% (wb) within 12 hours, with an average temperature and relative humidity of 45.4°C and 25.8%, respectively. The rate of moisture evaporation and the specific moisture evaporation rate were in the range of 0.001-1.762kg/h and 0.02-0.482 kg/kWh, with 0.594kg/h and 0.169kg/kWh in average values, respectively. The dryer efficiency was in the range of 0.62%-30.4%, with 15.4% in average value. The energy required for moisture evaporation and total energy input to the dryer were in the range of 26.9-1132.2W and 3638.0-4329.7W, with 601.8 W and 3967.4 W in average values, respectively. The efficiency of collector and the heat exchanger effectiveness were in the range of 38.1-50.5% and 65.1-79.7%, with 45.0% and 73.0% in average values, respectively. The result shows that the dryer is suitable for drying Centella asiatica L, this is due to the low temperature of drying air and high moisture evaporation rate.

High voltage power transformers commonly used petroleum-based mineral oil for cooling and insulation purposes. Researchers are looking for suitable vegetable oils as alternatives to mineral oil to be used as transformer oil. The alternative vegetable oils are biodegradable, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. They may require some processing and modification to improve some of their properties to ascertain their safe use in power and distribution transformers as well as in high voltage equipment. This paper presents a study on the AC breakdown voltages of Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) with presence of an additive. PO and CO are chosen as they are locally produced oils in Malaysia and easily obtained. The type of additive used in this study is Titanium dioxide TiO2. TiO2 nanoparticles was added into PO and CO at volume concentration of 0.1% to 0.5%. The effect of different gap distance of electrode 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3.5mm was studied. The temperature of oil is controlled at 30oC. This paper provides a comparative assessment of breakdown properties through experimental investigation of PO and CO before and after the additive is added according to ASTM D1816 standard. From the experimental result, the PO have slightly higher breakdown voltage compared to CO. From all oil sample data recorded, it can be concluded that the breakdown voltage had increased to the increase in gap distance of electrode under presence of TiO2.

Our paper aim is to design a reprogrammable smart payment card that replaces all other cards in the wallet assembled using an ultra-low power e-paper display, Bluetooth Communication, capacitive touch sensor and NFC. The controllers used in this project based on ARM Cortex-M architecture. The main advantage of this paper is the card will be in constant communication with the smartphone. In case if the connection was lost, after a certain time interval the card interprets it as lost or stolen and will automatically disable itself. The user can re-enable the card only by entering the authentication password on the card and from the smartphone app.

Characterization of tea waste, cooked waste has been done by various authors but for the first time it has been done for understanding the necessity of thermophilic digestion. And for this kind of digestion takes place in thermophilic digester for efficient biogas production. Detailed morphological analysis of feedstock has been determined. In the present study, thermo gravimetric analysis carried out For easy and fast digestion of cooked waste, a novel design of thermophilic digester is proposed and tested.

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.

This paper investigates the suitability of vegetable oils to replace mineral oil based on its AC breakdown voltage, partial discharge and viscosity. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of the nanofluids containing SiO2 nanoparticle in vegetables oils; namely, Coconut oil and Palm oil. A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanoparticles. However, the precise effects on the electrical properties is still uncertain. For decades, transformers use petroleum-based mineral oil because of its good dielectric properties and cooling capability. Coconut oil (CO) and Palm oil (PO) are thought to be suitable alternatives to replace mineral oil as transformer oil as they are sustainable and available in plenty as natural resources. It was obtained in this study that the breakdown voltages of these raw oils have fulfilled the standard specifications of good insulating liquid. However, the addition of SiO2 did not improve the AC breakdown voltage and viscosity of coconut oil and palm oil at different temperatures. However, the addition of SiO2 gave positive results in the values of partial discharges in which the presence of the nanoparticles has greatly reduced the mean volume of partial discharges for both coconut oil and palm oil.

This paper proposes an improved optimisation of sequencing batch reactors (SBR) for aerobic granular sludge (AGS) at high temperature-low humidity for domestic wastewater treatment using response surface methodology (RSM). The main advantages of RSM are less number of experiment required and suitable for complex process. The sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were fed with synthetic wastewater. The experiment were carried out at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) and the formation of AGS for simultaneous organics and nutrients removal were examined in 60 days. RSM is used to model and to optimize the biological parameters for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus removal in SBR system. The simulation results showed that at temperature of 45.33°C give the optimum condition for the total removal of COD and phosphorus, which correspond to performance index R2 of 0.955 and 0.91, respectively.

There has been a growing concern about fraud peer review articles that have been published in some journals in favor of their authors' affiliation, which have been discussed extensively by some researchers. This research paper introduces a new another challenge in academic world concerning journals’ editors who look at authors' affiliations rather than papers' contents. In this short paper, we will introduce this alarming problem and do an experimental test by submitting computer generated papers to some journals and finally present the results of our experiment. The paper is an expression of our concern about providing for maximum high ethics in and quality of publication policy of modern scientific journals.

Oils acts as insulation and cooling agent in the transformer. Petroleum-based oils are widely used in transformers due to their qualified properties as good insulation materials. Unfortunately, the used of petroleum-based oils has adverse effects on environment in the event of any failure to transformers such as tank leakage or explosions. Therefore, researchers have been studied and have found environmentally friendly oil that is suitable as substitutes in transformer. Thus, breakdown voltage tests using direct current and alternating current with the addition of different water content were performed to identify the potential of palm oil and coconut oil in the transformer isolation system. Refined, Bleached and Deodorized oil (RBDPO) and coconut oil samples were selected to be test in this study. The oil samples were test by varies the gap distance of test cell electrode and the level of water content. As a conclusion, RBDPO oil has greater breakdown voltage test under DC breakdown voltage test in term of increment of the gap distance.

Deinked pulp flotation column has been applied in wastepaper recycling. Bubble size in deinked pulp flotation column is very important during the flotation process. In this paper, bubble images of deinked pulp flotation column were first caught by digital camera, and then the bubbles were detected by using a detection algorithm based on sparse and redundant image processing. The results show the algorithms are very practical and effective on bubble detection in deinked pulp flotation column. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2604

Designing a stable fuzzy controller for a class of generalized flow shop systems is addressed in this paper based on max-plus algebra. The proposed controller is multi-input single-output. Robustness against uncertainties in the service times, stabilizing the closed loop system and withholding the blocking effect are the main properties of the proposed controller. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ij-ai.v2i2.1325

Hammer mills are widely used for material size reduction in food and feed industries. In this paper, a new hammer mill with separate sieving device has been designed and fabricated, in which the so-called material-circulation layer can not be formed and material being ground passes through the sieve by rotor throwing and air blowing without direct rubbing with the sieve. Thus the new machine has the advantages in high productivity, low energy consumption, low sieve wearing, and especially, the low product temperature increase, which is favorable to feed quality and feed preserving. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i6.1407 Full Text: PDF

A study of oxygen plasma on multilayer graphene is done with different flow rates. This is to allow a controlled amount of defect fabricated on the graphene. Results from the study showed that the intensity ratio of defect between D peak and G peak was strongly depended on the amount of oxygen flow rate thus affected the 2D band of the spectra. The inter-defect distance LD ≥ 15 nm of each sample indicated that low-defect density was fabricated. The surface roughness of the multilayer graphene also increased and reduced the conductivity of the multilayer graphene.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) mathematical model was established with suspended microorganisms, biomass on the electrode material, soluble chemical substrates and intermediary. By simulating the process of the substrate degradation, biomass growth and the electric current production process, With different initial biomass concentration, suspended microbial biomass and biomass attaching on electrode varing with time,current and charge varing with time,substrate concentration varing with time and mediator concenration varing with time were investigated. The results showed that initial suspended microbial is little, growth of biomass is main on electrode, biomass in solution grow slowly, producing electricity the main function biomass is on electrode, while initial suspended microbial concentration is high, growth of biomass is main in solution, biomass on electrode grow slowly, producing electricity the main function biomass is in solution; the more initial suspended microbial, the faster current reaching the maximum, the more charge, the faster substrate degradation, the faster mediator variation; initial add biomass benefit to MFC producing electricity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.1977

This paper designs, simulates, and analyzes the S-band microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for wireless applications. FR-4 (lossy) and Rogger RT/duroid, whose dielectric permittivity is 4.3 and 2.2, respectively, have been used as substrate materials. Simulation is done by computer simulation technology (CST) suite studio 2019 software. Simulations with FR-4 material showed that the return loss was -20.405 dB, the gain was 2.592 dB, the directivity was 7.47 dBi, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was 1.221, the bandwidth (BW) was 0.0746 GHz, and the efficiency was 34.69%. Also, Rogers RT/duroid material gives results of a return loss of -12.542 dB, a bandwidth (BW) of 0.0349 GHz, a gain of 8.092 dB, a directivity of 8.587 dBi, and an efficiency of 94.24%. The main goal of this antenna is to have a low return loss while getting as close as possible to a VSWR of 1. This will improve the antenna's gain, directivity, and efficiency compared to other antennas. Copper was used to make the patch and the ground, which were 0.35 mm and 0.0077 mm thick, respectively. The results obtained from the proposed antenna were better than those previously published in various in modern scientific journal and conference papers.

Recently, pipelines have replaced more carbon-intensive transportation methods making them more environmentally friendly for transporting energy and water supplies. However, pipelines can pollute the air, water, soil, and climate when they leak, causing economic, and environmental damage. Pipeline online monitoring provides data analysis and suitable controlling strategies to contain the risk. This paper proposes a three-dimensional numerical model simulation taking advantage of the fluids moving through pipelines at specific speeds. The transport speeds depend on many conditions, such as pipe diameter, the pressure through which the fluid is being transported, and other factors, such as terrain's topography and viscosity of the fluid. Under these conditions, the inspection approach uses a self-charging movable ball. The sensors inside the ball capture data as it travels through the pipe. The simulation focuses on spherical flow and pipe noise with and without leakage based on the COMSOL software platform. The paper shows the effect of several parameters, including leak location, sensor placement, ball diameter, sound pressure level propagation along a pipe and around the sphere, velocity, and temperature distribution that give the background for future smart ball design in a promising practical pipeline test project.

One of the new trends in the field of artificial intelligence is federated learning (FL), which will have promising roles in many real-world applications due to the work characteristics of its architecture. The learning mechanism for this technique is based on making training in a distributed manner on the local data for each client using decentralized data, then collecting parameters for each local training and uploading it to the server, which in turn will send model updates to all clients to give the final learning result. To provide a broad study on FL from security and privacy aspects, this research paper introduces a general view of FL and its categories, most attacks that can befall it, the safety mechanisms used by existing works in attacks defense, enhancing the safety and privacy of FL whether in the transmission or collecting of data. Then, the usage of FL in network security by many research papers has been presented, and how good results were achieved, and finally a comparison has been made between these papers.

In this paper, presents solutions to apply internet of things (IoT) technology in the field of high-tech agriculture and aquaculture in coastal areas of Vietnam, which is currently a new problem. The system includes an application on a smartphone; access parameters via the web, a computer and an IoT control circuit capable of automatically drawing electricity from the solar panel to the energy storage to serve as a source of power for devices (monitoring cabinets). The product has the function of monitoring: water environmental indicators in shrimp ponds (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, redox index at the bottom of oxygen reduction potential (ORP)), on the website 24/24h, and controllable. Automatic control of pump system and DO generator with Inverter technology. The research results in this paper have brought high economic benefits with an automatic water quality control system to improve the productivity and quality of shrimp farming in practice for people in the aquaculture area in Bach Long commune, Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province, Vietnam.

This paper introduces an improved advanced encryption standard (AES) cipher algorithm by proposing a new algorithm based on magic square to decrease the AES execution time. This is done by replacing Mixcolumn function with magic square of order 6. This paper raises the security level of AES cryptosystem by using another key, which is generated using magic square while decreasing the execution time. For application of encrypting a colouring image, visual studio and MATLAB programs have been used as means for computing results. The results of complexity, time execution, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests, histogram, differential attacks and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are computed and compared with the original AES cryptosystem, the original and the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm results in reasonable findings under several evaluation metrics. For instance, the complexity of our proposed algorithm is higher than the basic AES while decreases the time execution. The experimental results show that the suggested algorithm provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption. The suggested algorithm leads to leverage the complexity of cipher process as well as to make the linear and differential cryptanalysis harder by pre-process the input image initial step of the proposed AES.

Despite all of the technical advancements in writing and text editing with keyboards on numerous devices, writing with a pen remains a fundamental ability in modern human existence. Handwriting disabilities are referred to as dysgraphia. Nonetheless, how well they are taught to write in school, 10-30% of children never attain a respectable level of handwriting. Early identification is critical because it can help children avoid difficulties in their behavioral and academic development. On blank papers attached to digital tablets, 280 individuals were asked to complete the concise evaluation scale for children’s handwriting (BHK), with 218 having typical handwriting and 62 having dysgraphia. In addition to their age and BHK quality and speed scores, 12 variables identifying digital handwriting across several domains (static, kinematic, pressure, and tilt) were collected. In this paper, we provided a rapid and automated dysgraphia classification approach using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Using digital handwriting traits as an input to the ANN approach, the prediction findings were encouraging and very accurate, reaching 96% accuracy, and they could lead to the development of a new self-administered dysgraphia screening tool.

In this paper, introduce a proposed multi-level pseudo-random sequence generator (MLPN). Characterized by its flexibility in changing generated pseudo noise (PN) sequence according to a key between transmitter and receiver. Also, introduce derive of the mathematical model for the MLPN generator. This method is called multi-level because it uses more than PN sequence arranged as levels to generation the pseudo-random sequence. This work introduces a graphical method describe the data processing through MLPN generation. This MLPN sequence can be changed according to changing the key between transmitter and receiver. The MLPN provides different pseudo-random sequence lengths. This work provides the ability to implement MLPN practically in more than one method such as microcontroller or field programmable gate array (FPGA). In this paper discusses MLPN performance using MATLAB as compared with golden PN sequence generator with different modulation schemes such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation 16QAM. The simulation results show that MLPN performs almost likely golden PN sequence but sure with advantage its flexibility to change generated MLPN between transmitter and receiver. The MLPN sequence is applicable in the same field of PN sequence applications such as code division multiple access (CDMA), spread spectrum system (SSS), and data scrambling.

COVID-19 has caused disruptions to many aspects of everyday life. To reduce the impact of this pandemic, its spreading must be controlled via face mask wearing. Manually mask-checking for everybody is embarrassing and uncontrollable. Hence, the proposed technique is used to help for automatic mask-checking based on deep learning platforms with real-time surveillance live infra-red (IR) camera. In this paper, two recent object detection platforms, named, you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) and TensorFlow lite are adopted to accomplish this task. The two models are trained with a dataset consisting of images of persons with/without masks. This work is simulated with Google Colab then tested in real-time on an embedded device mated with fast GPU called Raspberry Pi 4 model B, 8 GB RAM. A comparison is made between the two models to verify their performance in relation to their precision rate and processing time. The work of this paper is also succeeded to realize multiple face masks real-time detection up to 10 facemasks in a single scene with high inference speed. Temperature is also measured using IR touchless sensor for each person with sound alarming to alert fever. The presented detector is cheap, light, small, and fast, with 99% accuracy rate during training and testing.

This paper gives an idea to simulation of three-dimensional space vector modulation for neutral point clamped multilevel inverter. Three dimensional-space vector modulation (3D-SVM) algorithm is progressed method of two dimensional-space vector modulation (2D-SVM) algorithm; it leads to reduce the complexity in reference vector identification and switching time calculation, also it includes the various advantages of 2D-SVM like minimized total harmonic distortion, reduced EMI issues. A simple system for the assortment of switching state vectors to track the reference voltage vectors without using any redundant switching vectors. This proposed method tracks the reference vector by identifyinglsubcubes and prisms by using mathematicallconditions. Here the cost of the proposedltechnique is independentlof voltagellevels oflinverter. This paper realizes the accomplishment of 3D-SVM using a neutral point clamped inverter. The simulation results of the proposed method are verified using MATLAB/Simulink.

Since 1980 cyberattacks have been evolving with the rising numbers of internet users and the constant evolving of security systems, and since then security systems experts have been trying to fight these kinds of attacks. This paper has both ethical and scientific goals, ethically, to raise awareness on cyberattacks and provide people with the knowledge that allows them to use the world wide web with fewer worries knowing how to protect their information and their devices with what they can. Scientifically, this paper includes a deep understanding of types of hackers, attacks, and various ways to stay safe online. This research investigates how ethical hackers adapt to the current and upcoming cyber threats. The different approaches for some famous hacking types along with their results are shown. Python and Ruby are used for coding, which we run on Kali Linux operating system.

Many classification algorithms are in the form of image pattern recognition; the approach to the complexity of the problem should be a feature of feasibility for representing images. The morphology of dairy cows greatly affects their health and milk production. The paper will apply several classification methods based on the morphology of Holstein Friesian dairy cows. To improve the accuracy of the model used, the segmentation process is the right step. In this paper, we compare several machine learning algorithms to get optimal accuracy. The algorithm used a support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks, random forests and logistic regression. Segmentation methods used are mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) and Canny; optimal accuracy is expected to create intelligent applications. The success of the method is measured with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score, as well as testing by conducting a training-testing ratio of 90:10 and 80:20. This study discovered an artificial neural network optimal model with Canny with an accuracy of 82.50%, precision of 87.00%, recall of 79.00%, F1-score of 81.62%, and testing ratio of 90:10. While the models with the highest 80:20 ratio achieved 84.39% accuracy, 88.46% precision, 80.47%, and 83.00% F1-score with mask R-CNN with logistic regression.

A three-phase induction motor is an electrical machine that can be used for many industrial applications. A three-phase driver circuit, also known as a three-wire series circuit or three-wire delta circuit is an electrical power system. These motors typically rely on power supplied using electric cables, which carry alternating currents. The three-phase motor inverter driver circuit is a simple circuit consisting of three half-wave rectifiers, which are connected in a bridge. When the input voltage level of the DC power supply to the inverter is high enough, this arrangement can provide a large current through the induction motor. This paper will show how to build a three-phase inverter driver circuit from scratch for a threephase induction motor by using (transistors and diodes) for photovoltaic application. The paper will guide people through each step with diagrams and schematics that make it easy for anyone to understand every part of this project and ensure people's safety by learning how these components work before putting them into their own design. The focus of this project will be on the use of STM32F103C8T6 as microcontrollers to generate the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals.

1226 articles on privacy and COVID-19 were published by authors from 69 countries in this year's issue. COVID 19's privacy is now the focus of many researchers' attention. The present body of knowledge on privacy for COVID-19 digital technologies has been thoroughly analyzed, and a concise overview of research status and future developments can be gleaned. This paper conducted a bibliometric examination of privacy using the Scopus dataset. Utilizing VOSviewer software, the relevant literature papers published on this topic were examined to determine the field's development history, research hotspots, and future directions. Over time, there has been a rise in the number of studies published in privacy for COVID-19, particularly after 2020, and the growth rate has been steadily increasing. Regarding published research, the United States and China lead the pack. These articles appeared in primarily English-language journals and conference proceedings. Privacy and COVID-19 research was mostly computer science. The most used terms in privacy and COVID-19 were data privacy and humans. This paper examines the evolution of privacy and COVID-19 research and indicates current research priorities and future research goals. Furthermore, the privacy and COVID-19 study seem to be a promising sphere as this study identifies 26 domains.