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Economically paper and pulp mills are important but at the same time it is facing problems due to pollutants that are produced during the process. In this paper we will discuss methods of waste water treatment in the industry. This industry use excessive amount of water because it is used in nearly each and every step of the process as a result large quantity of waste water and residual sludge waste is produced leading to the problems of wastewater treatment, discharge and sludge disposal but advanced technologies with new equipment with the help of some innovative strategies are making it possible for treating wastewater for its reuse by presenting solutions to the industries and helping them in choosing suitable and affordable methods for management of waste

The deterioration of the insulation in the windings of power transformers affects their lifespan. A commercial insulated Continuously Transposed Conductor (CTC) was studied experimentally, numerically and analytically. The purpose was to understand the mechanisms governing the mechanical failure of the insulating paper, and to achieve a criterion for predicting failure under different conditions. Samples of that insulated CTC were extracted from a coil and aged at 150∘C for different durations inside vessels filled with naphthenic oil. Then the degree of polymerisation and tensile, compressive and shear mechanical properties of the insulation were measured/estimated. Aged insulated CTC samples were subjected to three-point bending tests, producing deformations compatible with a short circuit, and the fractures in the insulation were analysed. The bending test over a CTC sample was simulated by means of a FEM Program. The Norris failure model, applicable to a lamina, was adapted to the studied insulation materials. The predictions of that failure criterion agreed with experimental observations.

With increasing demands on capacity and height- ened user density, it is imperative to propose approaches that exploit and utilise all possible degrees of freedom (DoF) of a MIMO system. This directly translates to increased channel estimation accuracy. With this motivation, in this paper, a novel MIMO antenna array system with a receiver of N antennas that includes a joint estimation of Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) and Direction-of-Departure (DOD) of the desired user in the presence of other multiple access users, is presented. This is achieved by using the concept of the “Manifold Extender” which increases the dimensionality of the observation space of the received vector- signals, and thus increases the DoF from N to N Next where Next is the extended dimension. The performance of the receiver is evaluated against the existing spatial-only and virtual receivers by computer simulation studies.

The security of software systems relies so heavily on the use of secrets, ranging from credentials, API keys, and tokens to secret keys for cryptographic security. This paper examines approaches for managing and handling secrets in software development life cycle, focusing on mobile applications where software must be distributed to devices and operate in an untrusted environment. This paper points out the shortcomings in activities related to secrets management and handling in mobile application development life cycle and outlines future directions in this area of research.

The anaerobic digestion (AD) experiment for recycled pulp and paper sludge (RPPS) was carried out by a CSTR digester “Continious Stirred Tank Reactor” under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) at laboratory scale. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of AD technology of effluents from the RPPS, and applying a thermal pretreatment to the substrate studied in order to improve methane production and biodegradability, as well as monitoring and control process for the two experiments at laboratory scale. It can be seen that thermal pre-treatment has contributed to a significant improvement in methane potential and biodegradability rate. Indeed, these two parameters have increased from 105 to 116 NmL CH4 /g SVadded and from 75 to 81% respectively. The pH average is about 7.83. In these mesophilic conditions, the results got show that AD is a good solution for the treatment of this type of industrial waste.

Microfluidics allows analyzing small volumes of samples, which makes it an ideal technology to build a point-of-care device. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been used on multiple applications. Paper is promising since colorimetric assays could be read with the naked eyed or a cell phone camera. Here we systematically tested several possible readers for bio-assays that use as a base a μPADs biosensors. Specifically, we tested digital imaging of an assay that produces a change of colors, imaging of a fluorescence-based assay, and an automatic scanning based on an in-house Multispectral-image Reconstruction System for colorimetric assays. We used commercial tests, both chemical and enzyme-based tests; as well as an in house test that used the emerging technology of DNA aptamers. Similarly, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each setup and demonstrate how adaptable, fast, and versatile μPADs analysis can be. s. Finally, we suggest points of consideration to develop commercial point-of-care applications based on μPADs.

Currently, the game has been used as learning media in educational field. In developing educational media, it is necessary to match the content and user interface with the target user and match the content with the goals of educational media. The development process is more effective and the chances of success are greater if tested as early as possible. Testing at this design stage uses a paper prototype to get user feedback about the content and the user interface. In this paper, we share experiences where a paper prototype is used to test the suitability of the content and UI before entering the stage of making visual novel games. We identify the problems encountered when applying this method to users, analyze the results, and describe how this problem is solved.

In a paper industry, especially in thick stock wet end process, the two most important variables are retention in forming section of a paper machine and basis weight of the thick stock. Present paper attempts to understand the governing mass balance equations which may be required to deduce an appropriate process model.

Due to the shortcomings of electrical properties and furfural in characterizing the aging characteristics of paper insulation and the limitations of field application, this paper focuses on the feasibility of evaluating the polymerization degree of insulating paper by the ethanol (EtOH) content in transformer oil. The accelerated thermal aging test is conducted, during which ethanol is produced by degradation of insulating paper. For each oil-paper samples, with different ethanol concentrations are prepared by controlling the aging time. In this paper, a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) measurement method with headspace injection is applied to obtain a fitting curve between ethanol content in oil and average degree of polymerization (DPv), which is a method for judging the degree of paper insulation aging condition. Then, showing the influence of temperature on ethanol generated in this experiment. At last, it is indicated that it is feasible to evaluate the polymerization degree of insulating paper by using the ethanol content in transformer oil.

Vegetable insulation oil has been widely used as a good liquid dielectric for oil-paper insulation power equipment. During the operational life, the oil-paper insulation power equipment can suffer from hundreds of lightning impulse, which cause insulation damage. Thus, study on the accumulation effect of multiple lightning impulse on vegetable oil-paper insulation is significance. However, few literature studies on the impact of lightning impulse accumulation on vegetable oil-paper insulation. In this paper, the accumulation effects of multiple lightning impulse on vegetable oil-paper insulation are studied. The Voltage-Number (V-N) characteristics and two-parameter Weibull distribution are used to evaluate the insulation performance of rapeseed oil-paper insulation and calculate the cumulative failure probability. The dielectric properties of the oil-impregnated insulating paper were measured to analyze the insulation damage and deterioration. Results shows that dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and volume resistivity increases with increasing cumulative number of lightning impulses.

In this paper, we study the state-dependent Gaussian wiretap channel with action encoder and noncausal state at the transmitter, which is also called the action-dependent dirty paper wiretap channel. Two lower bounds on the secrecy capacity of this model are provided, and we find that the two bounds have their advantages and disadvantages, i.e., none of the two always performs better than the other. In addition, we find that taking action on the state helps to increase the achievable secrecy rate of the dirty paper wiretap channel.

Disposable low-cost sensors are essential for the detection of urea for environmental and healthcare applications. In this paper, we proposed a hand-drawn electrode paper chip sensor by utilising the enzyme modified cellulose fibre as a sensing and substrate material. Further modified cellulose fibres increase the impedance measurement stability and facilitate for performing detection. By demonstrating detection of the low-level concentration of urea in the micromolar range, it shows that developed paper chip has excellent potential as a low-cost disposable sensor.

This work reports a paper-based sensor technology for point-of-care nucleic acid amplification tests. The technology integrates a sensor chip and an Arduino-compatible fluorescence detector. The paper-based sensor provides the functions of reagent storage, sample transportation, and DNA amplification. The compact and low-cost fluorescence detector can quantify the amplicons in real time. The results show that the paper-based sensor can detect genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli with the concentration as low as 2 × 104 copies/ µL. As a diagnosis tool, the sensor has the potential to measure multiple target genes simultaneously.

Flexible supercapacitors are considered as a promising candidate for power supplementation in wearable electronics due to their high power density. However, effectively fabricate flexible and low-cost supercapacitor electrodes in a big scale is still a key challenge. Herein we demonstrate a scalable fabrication method for hierarchical electrodes via metalizing air-laid paper and loading with MnO2 as cathode active materials. To be specific, we coat a thin layer of Ni on air-laid paper by magnetron sputtering, then deposit Ni nanocone arrays (NNAs) on the Ni sputtered paper and finally deposit MnO2 on the NNAs to obtain the NNAs@MnO2 paper electrode. The as-prepared paper-based electrode possesses high conductivity and fine wettability, which facilitates the electrons and ions transporting through the conductive network. Additionally, this electrode provides large specific surface area with a hierarchical architecture. Thus the electrode shows high capacitance (451 F/g) and favorable cycle performance (92.9% capacity retention after cycling for 5000 times). By coupling with activated carbon (AC) coated on the NNAs conductive paper as anode, an NNAs paper-based asymmetric supercapacitor is constructed. Benefiting from the high mechanical durability and the 3D hierarchical architecture of the electrodes, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and high energy density (26.9 μWh/cm2 at 1.08 mW/cm2). This method can be easily scaled up to produce lightweight and low-cost conductive paper electrodes, making it promising for the application of flexible supercapacitors in wearable electronics.

Paper based printable and flexible sensors present an exciting new avenue for providing low-cost, disposable, and portable solution for a number of emerging application areas [16]. In this study, we utilized off-the-shelf components and lowcost paper substrates to develop a cantilever based weighing balance. We used three different types of paper substrates (Watercolour, Bristol, and Chromatography) to fabricate meander shaped four-arm cantilever structure using a laser cutting system. We experimentally evaluated sensitivity (linear dynamic range), stability, and spring constants of each type of paper. Our results demonstrate the suitability of both Watercolour and Bristol papers for deflection type sensors (typically force and mass) providing good sensitivity, stability (repeatability) and mechanical performance (high spring constant).

To realize the detection of pesticide, this study developed a paper-based chip involving a 2D to 3D flow channel and automatic time delay for detecting pesticides. The time delay was controlled by different pullulan concentrations. The 3D channel was fabricated by hot embossing (optimized printing parameters were 28 kg at 80°C, and Advantec No. 1 filter paper was used) and transfer printing the hydrophobic material into the paper. Finally, the limit of the detected concentration of the pesticide was 4 ng/mL, which was achieved using 250 U/mL of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 2.5% pullulan solution.

The paper presents the research begin modelling and control of the paper drying. The researches have been generated by the investigations of the industrial paper drying plant. The paper is structured in four parts. In first part they are analysed the references of the drying process, modelling process and control process. The second part presents a detailed description of the drying process and industrial paper drying plant. In this part there are analysed the major operating problems of the plant. The third part represents a author's contribution of paper drying process modelling. The last part is destined to design of paper quality control system.

Several researchers have claimed that Natural Esters enhance the thermal stability of insulation paper. It has been claimed that the chemical interaction accounts for slowing down of ageing of paper and enhancement of insulation life. The enhancement of paper life translates to transformer asset life enhancement. We have conducted aging studies at 120 °C on normal Kraft paper (NKP) as well as thermally upgraded Kraft paper (TUK). The results showed unambiguous development of carbonyl structure on the paper surface – both normal Kraft paper and thermally upgraded paper. These results are further corroborated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which lends further support to the formation of carbonyl structure on the paper surface. The results are interpreted in terms of transesterification reaction taking place between cellulosic hydroxyls and the carboxylate of oil. It is suggested that this interaction leads to development of hydrophobicity on the cellulose paper surface which reduces moisture uptake by paper.

The purpose of this work is to explore the applicability and effectiveness of deep learning methods for the task------moves recognition in abstract of research paper. We firstly build a large corpus for moves recognition. Then we choose the traditional machine learning method SVM as a benchmark, and develop four moves recognition methods based on DNN, LSTM, Attention-BiLSTM and BERT. Finally, we design two groups of experiments with sample size 10,000 and 50,000 and then compare experimental results. The results show that most of the deep learning methods outperform the traditional machine learning method SVM especially in large-scale sample experiments, in which the BERT with a re-pre-trained model achieves the best results in both groups of experiments. Deep learning methods are proved applicable and effective for moves recognition in research paper abstracts.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have recently attracted the attention of researchers and industry because they are small, easily fabricated, inexpensive, and require small sample volumes. However, it is difficult to simplify complex assays on such devices because there are limited means of fluid control. Therefore, in the present study we developed a thermoresponsive valve membrane by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in a porous membrane. PNIPAAm is a thermoresponsive polymer; it becomes hydrophilic below, and hydrophobic above, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST; 32 °C). We used a green dye solution to investigate flow in a three-dimensionally stacked, T-shaped paper network containing the thermoresponsive valve. The valve membrane was able to prevent the passage of green dye at 25 °C ( LCST). The result demonstrates that our thermoresponsive valve could be used in µPADs. Moreover, it has the potential to automatically enable complex immunoassays in µPADs and improve their versatility.