1. Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases
- Author
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Patrice D. Cani, Marion Régnier, Matthias Van Hul, Claude Knauf, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota (INSERM/UCL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fonds Baillet Latour (Grant for Medical Research 2015), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, FRFS-WELBIO: WELBIO-CR-2019C-02R), ANR-18-CE14-0007,ENDIABAC,LE SYSTEME NERVEUX ENTERIQUE COMME CIBLE POUR TRAITER LE DIABETE DE TYPE 2 : ROLES DES LIPIDES BIOACTIFS BACTERIENS(2018), NeuroMicrobiota, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SEGUIN, Nathalie, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - LE SYSTEME NERVEUX ENTERIQUE COMME CIBLE POUR TRAITER LE DIABETE DE TYPE 2 : ROLES DES LIPIDES BIOACTIFS BACTERIENS - - ENDIABAC2018 - ANR-18-CE14-0007 - AAPG2018 - VALID, and UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Inflammation ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Gut microbiota ,Overweight ,Gut flora ,digestive system ,Permeability ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Gut barrier ,medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Intestinal Mucosa ,[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,biology ,Diabetes ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Hormones ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,3. Good health ,Diabetes and Metabolism ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Gastrointestinal Absorption ,Immunology ,medicine.symptom ,Function (biology) ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
International audience; Overweight and obesity are associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and liver diseases. The gut microbiota is a potential contributing factor regulating energy balance. However, although the scientific community acknowledges that the gut microbiota composition and its activity (e.g. production of metabolites and immune-related compounds) are different between healthy subjects and subjects with overweight/obesity, the causality remains insufficiently demonstrated. The development of low-grade inflammation and related metabolic disorders has been connected with metabolic endotoxaemia and increased gut permeability. However, the mechanisms acting on the regulation of the gut barrier and eventually cardiometabolic disorders are not fully elucidated. In this review, we debate several characteristics of the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and metabolic outcomes. We examine the role of specific dietary compounds or nutrients (e.g. prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, sweeteners, and a fructose-rich diet) as well as different metabolites produced by the microbiota in host metabolism, and we discuss how they control several endocrine functions and eventually have either beneficial or deleterious effects on host health.
- Published
- 2021