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Selon les instructions reçues de la part du Secrétaire Général de l’UAI, l’esprit général du présent “Draft Report” de la Commission 17 “La Lune” ne doit plus représenter, comme par le passé, un résumé des travaux effectués dans la discipline au cours des trois dernières années. Son rôle sera de donner un aperçu général sur les aspects et les tendances des recherches sur la Lune, la contribution présente et future de la Commission 17 du l’UAI dans son développement, ainsi que les coopérations dont elle est l’objet ou devrait l’être dans l’avenir.

Professor Phillips has pointed out, in his ‘Geology of Yorkshire,’ that the Mountain-Limestone between the northern border of the Lake-district and the river Eden includes a group of red sandstones, alternating with limestones in the lower part of the series. They were referred to by him as the “Alternating Limestone and Red Sandstone Series,” and were considered to be the passage-beds between the true basement series, or Upper Old Red, and the principal mass of the Mountain-Limestone which forms the comparatively high ground between the basins of the rivers Lune and Eden. This middle group is fairly exhibited about three miles to the south of Kirkby Stephen, at Ash Fell, where the different members of the whole series may be examined in the quarries and natural sections laid bare in the immediate neighbourhood (fig. 1).

General Remarks Though the secondary rocks which form a crescent around the Cumbrian Lake district are in general arranged with much regularity, geologists are aware that in consequence of dislocations of some strata and unconformed positions of others, the beds do not always appear at the surface in the order of their consecutive deposition. The great fault under Cross Fell, investigated by Dr. Buckland, and the double range of limestone scars which stretch to the west and north from under Wild Boar Fell, would have been much less difficult of explanation but for the unconformed deposit of red marl and sandstone in the vale of Eden, upon the depressed range of limestone. In some parts around the Lake mountains, the obscuration of certain secondary rocks may be ascribed wholly to the over-extension of new red sand­stone; as from Egremont to Low Furness, where this rock is brought into contact with granite and slate, to the exclusion of coal-measures, limestone, and old red sandstone;—and sometimes, without any considerable deposit of unconformed rocks, great interruptions in the lines of strata are caused by sudden variations of dip, or remarkable dislocations. A full account of the variations which are produced by the causes above-mentioned, on the direction and appearance of the secondary rocks round the Lake district, would be highly serviceable to the cause of inductive geology. The observations in the present communication are restricted as much as possible to the illustration of the phaenomena connected with a group of rocks, aberrant

This Paper refers briefly to the hydrological features of the upland sources of the Tees Valley and Cleveland Water Board, and deals in some detail with certain aspects of the design and construction of the Selset Dam. The geology and cut-off trench are touched upon and the Authors deal with the study of the foundation and refer to the subsequent settlement observations. The principal parts of the Paper deal with the construction of over 4,000 vertical sand drains for increasing the strength of the soft clay underlying the seat of the embankment, and the problems associated with the construction of an embankment 128 ft high of boulder clay, with speciraelf erence to the dissipation of porewater pressure and the effect of rainfall and temperature on the rate of progress achieved. The presence of a slipped area on the south side of the dam adjacent to the embankment necessitated the carrying out of special protective measures, which are described, and the overflow works and control of the water are dealt with shortly. Construction commenced in June 1955 and the reservoir first filled in July 1960. The cost of the dam was £3,200,000.

his do not pretend to such elaborateness,' and the second division, the "Pro loco lune reperiendo manualiter," exposes methods contrasting strongly with the table system commonly found in GMUNDEN s works. The tables and rubrics undoubtedly comprise a part or the whole of one of GMUNDEN'S planetary studies. A short colophon links the separate sections under the title "practica," and the general unanimity of the internal dates further attests the likelihood of this conjecture.' It is also evident that the whole of the "practica" is not here. There is a reference on folio 81v to a "tabulam ascensionis signorum" and another on folio 82r to a "tabulam stellarum fixarum" which do not appear in the text. The canons and tables of the "practica" describe

The following paper treats of the different zones of fossils occurring in the strata between the Coniston Limestone and the Coniston Grits of the Lake-district, with the view of correlating the beds in the more central part of the district with those of the outlying districts in the neighbourhood of the Pennine chain, and of establishing the position of the boundary between the Cambrian and Silurian formations. This boundary, as indicated by the palaeontological evidence, coincides with the position already assigned to it by Prof. Hughes, from the study of the district east of the river Lune (Geol. Mag. vol. iv. no. 8).

Of the 56 published songs by Debussy no fewer than I8 are settings of poems by Paul Verlaine. Two of these poems, 'En Sourdine' and 'Clair de lune', Debussy set twice, and a comparison of the two settings of the latter poem throws some light on his development as a composer between the ages of 20 and 30. The first setting (I) is dated between I882-4, that is to say during Debussy's years at the Conservatoire, before his visit to Rome or his close acquaintance with the music of Wagner. It was published, with three other songs of the same period, as a supplement to the special issue of the Revue Musicale in May 1926. The second setting (II) was published as the third of the first set of 'Fetes galantes' in I892. This gap of some ten years is particularly interesting, as it covers the period from Debussy's departure for Rome in 1885 to his beginning work on 'L'Apres-midi' in 1892. This period is possibly the most fascinating of all in his life: while biographical details are sketchy, we can see from a study of the music that his technique was being transformed, with a speed unusual in any composer, from the derivative competence of 'L'Enfant prodigue' into the individual mastery of 'L'Apres-midi'. Like the same poet's 'Mandoline' and 'Pantomime', 'Clair de lune' conjures up a magical, moonlit world in which the figures of the commedia dell' arte prance about to no very clear purpose, but with a sharp eye for their decorative possibilities. It is the epitome of that dream world in which sense is abandoned before the senses. No loved one is addressed, no story told. At the same time, the

Boulders of Shap Granite are plentiful near Kendal. How got they there? Speaking generally, the dispersal of Lake country rocks took place radially; the ice flowed out on all sides from the Lake mountains, following very much the direction of the present water drainage. The Shap granite area is situated at the extreme south-eastern end of the Lake mountains. The greater part of this area, sloping northward, drains into Wet Sleddale, whose waters forming the river Lowther, flow north, and joining the Eden, go out to sea by the Solway. The remaining portion, facing southwards, overlooks Wastdale Beck. This beck flows north-east along the strike of the rocks to Shap Wells; here its waters turn sharp at more than a right angle, and thence flow south-south-east to join the Lune at Tebay. Had the Shap granite boulders, then, travelled south along the present water drainage, it would have been down the gorge of the Lune, below Tebay. But they did not go down the Lune. On Mr. Goodchild’s map to illustrate the glacial phenomena of the Eden Valley ( Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxi.), the southern limit of the dispersal of Shap granite boulders on that side is drawn close to Tebay; nor have I noticed them, in the depression extending from Kendal to the river Lune, further east than Docker Garth. On the other hand, I have traced these boulders north of Kendal, directly towards the granitic area. It seems, then, that these boulders came nearly due south from …

The largest members in longitude and latitude of the theoretical movement of the earth's moon, developped byHill 1891 fromDelaunays theory of the moon, have been here calculated with new, now better known numerical values. Effectively a highly better accordance of the observed values with the theoretical ones has been obtained. This method will be able to give an important contribution to the determination of the figure of the earth with regard to the geometrical and the static flattening, specially by moons observation material of 1850–1950. Les membres les plus grands en longitude et latitude du mouvement theorique de la lune developpes parHill 1891, fondes sur la theorie deDelaunay, sont ici calcules avec de nouvelles valeurs numeriques de meilleure connaissance. C'est pourquoi une bonne accordance est obtenue des valeurs observees avec les valeurs theoriques. La methode donne une contribution importante a la determination de la figure de la terre par rapport a l'aplatissement geometrique et l'aplatissement statique, principalement par egard aux observations de la lune 1850–1950.

The artificial moon, projected from serious scientists, presents, whenever previously without reality, a field of interesting theoretical problems. At first the figure of movement of the body itself within the varying gravity field, further more its observation by angles and distances relative to earth's body and to sky and the possible reconclusions to earth's figure and to natural moons movement. The latter beeing in a too far distance from the earth, the former surely will help to solve different problems of geodesy and astronomy. La Lune artificielle, comme projet d'une science serieuse moderne, presente, quand meme prealablement sans realite, un grand nombre de problemes theoriques interessantes. Avant tout la figure elle meme de sa route dans le champs variant de la gravite et de la force centrifuge, de plus l'observation par angles et distances relatives a la terre et au ciel, et les reconclusions a la figure de la terre et au mouvement de la Lune naturelle. Cette derniere se trouvant perpetuellement dans une position de distance trop grande, la premiere peut aider sans doute la solution de problemes differents de geodesie et astronomie.

SUMMARY Fluctuations in arterial Po2 occur during anaesthesia when pronounced hyperventilation or intermittent deep breaths are not part of the ventilation pattern. The decrease in Pao2 is mostly dependent on variable shunts. The extent of the shunting has been measured when a Carlens tube is used in pulmonary surgery, and when one lung is permitted to collapse during the dissection. The conclusions reached are as follows: 1 The widely used technique when a Carlens tube is in place to let one lung collapse for some length of time may jeopardize the cerebral tissue oxygenation. 2 If collapse of die lung subjected to operation is desirable, attempts to dissect and occlude the pulmonary artery should be made early. This protects the patient from extremely low PaO2 values. 3 When collapse of a lung is necessary from a surgical point of view, the anaestiietic mixture should contain the highest possible percentage of oxygen. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Wenn im Ventilationsmuster ausgepragte Hyperventilation oder intermittierende tiefe Atemzuge fehlen, kommt es zu Schwankungen des arteriellen Sauerstoffdrucks wahrend der Narkose. Das Absinken des PaO2 hangt im wesentlichen von den variablen Kurzschlussen ab. Das Ausmass der Kurzschlusse wurde in Fallen gemessen, bei denen wahrend eines lungenchirurgischen Eingriffes ein Carlens-Tubus verwendet wurde und eine Lune wahrend der Praparation kollabierte. Dabei kam man zu den nachfolgenden Schlussfolgerungen: 1 Bei der weitverbreiteten Technik der Verwendung eines Carlens-Tubus zum Kollaps einer Lunge uber langere Zeit, kann die Sauerstoffversorgung der Hirngewebe gefahrdet sein. 2 Wenn der Kollaps der zu operierenden Lunge erwunscht erscheint, sollte versucht werden, die Pulmonalarterie so fruh wie moglich zu praparieren und zu unterbinden. Dieses Vorgehen schutzt den Patienten vor extrem niedrigen SauerstofFdruckwerten. 3 Wenn vom chirurgischen Standpunkt der Kollaps einer Lunge unbedingt erforderlich ist, dann muss die Narkosegasmischung zumindest den hochstmoglichen Prozentsatz an Sauerstoff enthalten.

This paper is concerned with the effects of reservoir construction on downstream water temperatures. Following an outline of the general mechanisms involved in such thermal modifications, a case study of the Yorkshire Lune employing field observations collected over a two-year period is then described. Emphasis is placed on the extent to which the natural range of stream water temperature variation is suppressed by the two direct-supply reservoirs on this river.

The Howgill Fells form a well-defined geographical unit. They occur as an upland tract of roughly triangular form, the angles being blunted. The northern side of the triangle is defined by the valley in which the village of Ravenstonedale lies. It extends for 8 miles measured in a straight line, in a direction a little north of west, from a point 2 miles south-east of that village to the village of Tebay. This valley was originally watered by the streams of the Lune drainage, although (owing to subsequent diversion) the waters at its eastern end now find their way into the Eden. At Tebay the main waters of the Lune flow southwards, and this part of the course of the Lune forms the western side of the triangle for a distance of 8 miles to a point a little west of the town of Sedbergh. The trend of this side is about 5° east of south. The third and longest side is curved, and measured along the straight is about 9 miles long. At the north-eastern end it is defined by the Dent Fault and its parallel fractures as far as Rawthey Bridge, after which it follows the line of the Rawthey to the southern end of the second side immediately west of Sedbergh. Along these lines a continuous depression separates the Howgill Fells from the adjoining heights on the west, north, and south-east. The bottom of this depression along the major portion of its length is less than 600

The observations on which these notes are founded were made when carrying on the geological survey of the district, and are now offered to your Society with the permission of the Director of the Survey. I do not propose to give a detailed description of the district, but rather to call the attention of your Society to points of special interest, which may be visited in a summer’s day ramble, or points of special difficulty, which require working out. The general features of the country may be thus summed up. Ingleborough, Whernside, and Penyghent consist chiefly of Yoredale rocks, capped by Millstone grit, and resting on a great plateau of Mountain limestone, which slopes gently, with the slope of the beds, to the N.N.E. Under the southern escarpment of the limestone, and in the deep valleys of Horton-in-Ribblesdale, Crummack Beck, Clapham, Chapel-le-dale, and Kingsdale, we find different members of the Silurian series on the upturned edges of which the Carboniferous rocks lie. The Craven faults, of various ages, running nearly W.N.W. and E.S.E., bring down the Mountain limestone on the S. against the Silurian rocks, and again the higher Carboniferous, and even Permian, against the Mountain limestone. As we get near the Lune, a great system of N. and S. faults runs into these, connecting them eventually with the Pennine system. Taking the rocks in ascending order, we have first:— The Silurian Rocks. As I have a paper in the press* describing these beds in some detail, I will now ...

To includein the same sentence the name of Bernanos and the term “political” or “politics” suggests an initial difficulty. Nothing was farther from his impatient and burning temperament than the meticulousness of the news analyst, or the specialist's careful dissection of the political animal. His domain was, rather, the philosopher's insight and intuition, the social critic's scorn and wrath, and the prophet's prediction of doom. He stated about himself:People say that Bernanos is never pleased about anything or anyone. When the righteous were wishing success to the crusade of our good neighbour, Señor Franco, he wroteLes Grands Cimetiéres sous la lune, and defended himself as being above all democratic. Now [1947] that all righteous are each more democratic than the other, he still proclaims himself Catholic, and no more democratic than before. A peculiar fellow, that Bemanos.

I. Introduction. The Lower Carboniferous rocks of Westmorland and Cumberland crop out in a nearly continuous ring encircling the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Lake District, broken only on the west by the overlap of the Triassic deposits. The south-eastern edge is situated in Yorkshire, and, though apparently continuous with the rest, is separated structurally by the Dent Fault; while the eastern margin of the ring is cut off from the Lower Carboniferous rocks of the Pennine Chain by the Pennine Fault, and by the mantle of Permian and Triassic rocks occupying the Vale of Eden. The area dealt with in the present communication comprises some 400 square miles of country occupied by Lower Carboniferous rocks. It includes the whole of Westmorland and Yorkshire north and west of the Dent Fault, together with that portion of Lancashire which lies north of the Lune Valley. The small tract of Lower Carboniferous rocks, forming the northern extremity of Yorkshire, which lies between the Westmorland portion of the Pennine Chain and the River Tees is also included. The following are the points to which special attention has been given during the examination of the district:— (1)The possibility of establishing a palaeontological sequence from the base to the summit of the succession which would be applicable to the whole of the North-West of England. (2)The general lithological characters of the different faunal horizons, and the variations which these undergo when they are traced laterally. (3)The distribution of these faunal horizons in

The petrography of the Coniston Grits is described. Volcanic and sedimentary rock fragments suggest that the sediments were derived from the Ballantrae Series of the Southern Uplands, and not the Borrowdale Volcanic Series.There is little palaeocurrent evidence for a border land mass, but it is suggested that coarse sedimentation during the Wenlockian was restricted to the Southern Uplands by a shallowing in the border area, which was finally overcome by Ludlovian times, to allow deposition of coarser material to the south.

Argulus Foliaceus has a remarkably wide distribution, and is found throughout Europe. A. coregoni, which is another European form of the Argulidae, has been recorded in England from such localities as the Birmingham Canal; Barble, Leicestershire; Berkshire Trout Farm; the River Wharfe, Yorkshire; Tring Reservoirs; the Thames; the River Frome in Somerset; and the River Lune.

En 1952, les auteurs ont tmis l'opinion que les frottements de makes entre la terre et la lune peuvent rendre compte de plusieurs faits remarquables, comme les changements de rythme biologique, ou encore la tris grande ampleur des effets tectoniqnes au cours des temps giologiques. A I'appui de cette theorie: (a) la perte de moment angulaire par la terre depuis l'itat "originel" correspond B la quantiti nkessaire pour amener la Lune de I'Cquateur terreswe h son orbite actuelle; (b) les observations effectukcs depuis peu sur la croissance journatitre d'organismes fossiles montrent, au moins pour les derniers 400 millions d'annees, que I'tchelle de temps, pricMemment adoptee par les auteurs, est d'un ordre de grandeur satisfaisant, devant 6tre seulement un peu raccourcie, et que les valeurs thtorique et observte du rapport mois/jour sont en bon accord. The authors expressed the view in 1952 that tidal friction between the earth and moon could account for many features such as alterations in biological rhythms, or tectonic effects of unequalled amplitude throughout geological times and the remote past. Tests for this theory are: (a) It is remarkable that the loss of angular momentum by the earth since the "original" state almost exactly matches the amount required to bring the moon from the earth's equator to its present orbit; (b) Recent observations of daily growth increments in fossil organisms show, at least for the last 400 my., that the order of magnitude of the time-scale previously adopted by the authors is satisfactory, the scale having only to be somewhat shortened and the values-theoretical and observed-of the month-to-day ratio are in good concordance.

Synopsis An analysis has been made of a long-term slip in a valley slope of the River Lune, near Middleton-in-Teesdale. The slip was entirely within a deposit of heavily overconsolidated intact boulder clay. Although a complete picture of the ground-water flow net was not obtained, sufficient information was nevertheless available to show that the field value of the cohesion intercept c′ was approximately equal to the laboratorv value measured in drained triaxial tests. This is in marked contrast to the results found from long-term slips in overconsolidated fissured clays. Une analyse d'un glissement à long terme a été faite sur une pente de la vallée de la Lune, rivière voisine de Middleton-in-Teesdale. Le glissement s'est produit entièrement dans un dépôt d'argile de moraine à blocs intacts surconsolidée. Quoique l'on n'ait pas obtenu des renseignements complets sur le débit de l'eau souterraine, on a néanmoins rassemblé asset de renseignements pour montrer que la valeur sur le terrain de la section de cohésion c′ est à peu près égale à la valeur de laboratoire mesurée lors d'essais triaxiaux. Ceci est en opposition nette avec les résultats obtenus avec des glissements à long terme dans des argiles fissurées surconsolidées.

This article was prepared for presentation at the Great Lakes Regional Institute of the National Association of Social Workers, held in Chicago, Illinois, on lune 23, 1965. The author is a member of the faculty of the School of Social Service Administration of the University of Chicago.

Les conditions lunaires particulieres susceptibles de differer des conditions accessibles dans unlaboratoire terrestre, sont supposees etre les suivantes: – permanence d´une ambiance d´ultra-vide, permettant l'examen direct “in situ” des surfaces par tous les moyens optiques, electroniques, electriques, adaptables sur la Lune. – composition differente de l'atmosphere residuelle, et par suite, des couches adsorbees sur lessurfaces – existence d'un rayonnement particulier et de radiations. – temperature exterieure cycliquement variable – pesanteur reduite – absence d'une teneur ambiante en oxygene et en humidite suffisante pour faciliter les manipulations simples comportant des frottements secs; I'pelectrisation statique dans de telles conditions est egalement un facteur a considerer. Les consequences possibles de cet etat de choses sur I'adsorption superficielle, le frottement etl'usure des objets et des mecanismes sont envisages, certains modes de lubrification sont suggeres. Physico-chemical Surface Properties and Friction in Lunar Conditions. The specific points for which lunar conditions are assumed to differ from conditions which can be simulated in a laboratory on Earth are as follows: – permanent existence of an ultra-high vacuum environment, permitting direct examination of surfaces “in situ”, by all optical, electronic and electrical methods adapted to the Moon. – different composition of the residual atmosphere and also, therefore, of the adsorbed layers on the surfaces. – existence of a particular form of radiance and of radiations. – exterior temperature subject to cyclical variations. reduced gravity. – atmosphere devoid of both oxygen content and of sufficient humidity to allow simple manipulations producing dry friction; in these conditions, static electrification will also be a factor to be reckoned with. A study is made of the effects these conditions may have on surface adsorption, friction and the wear-and-tear of various objects and mechanisms; and some lubrication methods are suggested.

For a number of years, formula manipulation has been a prosperous member of the large family of computer applications. It has already facilitated the solution of problems too lengthy and time-consuming for the relatively unreliable human problem-solver. The reader who has not himself encountered such problems need only recall the horrendous exercises in formula manipulation performed by the astronomers of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, e.g., as described in Delaunay’s “Theorie du mouvement de la lune,” or in E. W. Brown’s “Theory of the Motion of the Moon.” Their achievements are hardly surpassable by hand, and continue to challenge the capabilities of current systems.

The first meeting was held in the large Chemistry Theater of Sussex University, Falmer. It was called to order at 14:15 with the President, A. Dollfus in the chair.

A BOOK which seeks to throw light on terrestrial evolution from a study of the moon must possess considerable interest to both geologists and astronomers. But we may prophesy that this book will be more welcomed by geologists than by astronomers, or, at any rate, by mathematicians. For M. Puiseux, disregarding somewhat lightly the weighty dynamical reasons which have been brought forward by Kelvin and Sir George Darwin, among others, in favour of a solid interior to the earth, throws in his lot with those geologists who support the theory of a thin crust surrounding a liquid interior. He bases his argument partly upon purely terrestrial phenomena—and here we must frankly admit that we do not find his reasons convincing—and partly upon analogy from the moon. M. Puiseux points out many interesting points of resemblance between the general configuration of the earth and some of the principal features of the moon's surface; and his argument that the moon's surface, having suffered but slightly from the action of water, can throw light on a stage of development through which the earth has passed has much to recommend it. But we fail to follow him in the further arguments that he brings forward to prove that it is only the reaction of a liquid interior on a gradually thickening crust which can have produced the effects which are now to be seen on the moon's surface. La Terre et la Lune: Forme exterieure et Structure interne. By P. Puiseux. Pp. 176. (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1908.) Price 9 francs.

The ingleborough district has long been famous for its broad limestone plateaux, its deeply cut dales and its swallow holes and caves. The aim of this paper is to discuss the origin of these relief features and to show that a number of pre-Glacial erosion stages can be recognized in the denudation of the area. The district considered forms the south-west edge of the North Pennine highland massif, overlooking the Craven Lowlands, and is dominated by the well-known residual hills of Ingleborough and Pen-y-Ghent which rise to over 2000 feet. From it flow, in a general southerly direction, the headstreams of the Lune, Ribble, Aire and Wharfe, and it lies on the watershed between the Irish Sea and the North Sea.

(1949). On Hearing Debussy's Clair de Lune. The Educational Forum: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 140-140.

FOR the general use of amateur astronomers this is the best atlas and handbook we have yet seen. The sixteen maps are printed exceptionally clearly, and, while not overcrowded, show more than 7,000 objects. Each map is about 10 in. by 8 in., and is part of a lune, covering, exclusive of overlap, four hours of R.A., and 60° N. or S. of declination. The atlas opens out flat, and shows two maps joined together at the equator, so that about one-fifth of the whole sky is seen at once. Meridians and parallels mark every hour of R.A., and every tenth degree of declination, while marginal divisions enable a position to be fixed to the nearest 5m. or 1°. The polar regions are shown on two pairs of maps. A Star Atlas and Telescopic Handbook (Epoch 1920). For Students and Amateurs. By Arthur P. Norton. Pp. 19 + 16 star and 2 index maps. (London and Edinburgh: Gall and Inglis, 1910.) Price 5s. net.