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純ゴム配合の加硫ゴムのアセトン抽出物から未変化の促進剤自身と, 促進剤から加硫反応中に変化して出来た生成物を, 既に報告した部分アセチル化ロ紙クロマトグラフ法を応用して検出した. チアゾール系の促進剤を用いた時は, DMとMの他にMZを主成分として得た, チアゾール系の中, スルフェンアミド促進剤はその構成成分てあるアミンも検出した. チウラム系促進剤TS, TTを使用した時は, TS, TTの他に主成分としてPZを得た. H,D,C等の促進剤を使用した時は, 各々の促進剤を検出した. 混合促進剤を使用した場合も, その構成成分であるもとの促進剤およびそれらからの生成物を検出した. 以上の結果から部分アセチル化ロ紙クロマトグラフ法は十分実用に供し得ることを認めた. またチアゾール系, チウラム系促進剤の場合は促進機構について重要な知見を得ることが出来た.

Heterologous proteins are more suitable carriers than homologous proteins for the expression of endotoxic activity of lipid A prepared from the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium SL1102 (Re form) to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system of mice.

In order to re-educate the spinal cord bladder, it is important to realize which type the cord bladder belongs to, either automatic or autonomous.The more correct information is obtained from cystometry, as a direct method, for differentiation between them.Anal reflex, ice water test, and the testicles squeezing test were done as simple clinical tests, comparing with the results of cystometry.Presence of anal reflex was well coincident with the automatic bladder, but there are some exceptional cases. Ice water test was not satisfactory for differentiation of bladder type, because the test was positive only in severe hypertonic bladder.The testicles squeezing test was always negative in the complete paraplegic cases with the lesion over the lower third of Th. segment level.However, the test was negative in many complete paraplegic cases with the lesion below L1 segment level.So, further studies are required on it's clinical significance. It was observed by cystometry of automatic bladder that contraction of detrusor muscle (increase in pressure) was not developed by the trigger action for micturition, such as percussion, massage and so forth.Therefore, it is speculated that the opening at the internal urethral orifice is primarily significant for micturition of paraplegia.

Summary1 From a room of 4 bronchial asthma patients were isolated and cultured 120 strains of fungi, including penicillium, aspergillus, cladosporium, chaetomium, etc. Among them was found a new strain of Oospora, which was designated Oospora astringenes Yamamoto. 2 Culture broths of these 120 strains were investigated as to their action on the tracheal muscle preparation from the guinea pig. A marked contracting action was observed for culture broths of Oospora astringenes, one species of penicillium, 3 species of aspergillus, and one species each of trichoderma and fusarium. Culture broths of one species of penicillium and 2 unclassified strains relaxed the tracheal muscle remarkably. 3 Three new isocoumarine derivatives were discovered in the metabolites of Oospora astringenes. Their chemical properties were clearly identified, and they were designated Oosponol, Oospolactone and K-I, respectively. Oosponol strongly contracted the tracheal muscle preparation in the in vitro experiment. This action is co...

The relationship between allopurinol oxidizing enzyme and aldehyde oxidase was investaged in mice. The oxidation of both N-methylnicotinamide and allopurinol appears to be catalized by a single enzyme, aldehyde oxidase (aldehyde-oxygen oxidoreductase EC, 1.2.3.1.). This conclusion is based on the following evidence; The postnatal changes of allopurinol and N-methylnicotinamide oxidizing activities were similar during growth and the levels of both activities increased in a parallel fashion upon the attainment of sexual maturity. The rates of loss of the activities of both enzymes by heat denaturation as well as dexamethasone administration were similar. The inhibitors of allopurinol oxidizing enzyme also suppressed N-methylnicotinamide oxidation. Competition of N-methylnicotineamide and allopurinol for oxidation was demonstrated. The rate of increase of the activities in both enzymes was almost parallel during each step of the purification from mouse liver supernatant. It was ascertained that xanthine oxidase in the enzyme preparation does not influence allopurinol oxidation.

Skeletal scintigraphy employing the new 99mTc-labelled compounds-99mTc-diphosphonate and 99mTc-polyphosphate-has proved to be a reliable technique for the detection of primary and metastatic tumors as well as non-neoplastic conditions of the skeletal system including the skull and spine. Recent experiences in 26 consecutive neurosurgical patients are reported. The bone scintigraphy seems to be most valuable in the clinical management of patients suspected of harboring metastatic deposit in the nervous system. In patients with malignancies elsewhere, the incidence of bone metastases is unexpectedly high, but the radiographic survey often fails to reveal the lesions in the initial stage. Bone scintigraphy, on the other hand, is highly reliable in detecting the bone metastases in its earliest stage, and the routine use of bone scintigraphy in such cases would be expected to help avoiding the unnecessary surgical intervention, or changing the plan of management, for example, from surgery to the systemic chemotherapy. Futhermore, bone scintigraphy seems to be useful in selecting the suitable site for biopsy, or in determining the targets for radiation treatment.

Intravenous injection of sheep erythrocytes into normal immunologically competent C57BL/6J mice results in significant and characteristic changes in the splenic level of 3':5'-cAMP with initiation of the immune response and proliferation of antibody-forming cells. The level increases 2- to 3-fold initially, peaks at 2 min, and returns to base level in an hour. Between 2 and 5 days there is a decrease, followed by a peak when the rate of proliferation of antibody-forming cells is maximal. Changes in splenic level of cAMP are thus transitory and biphasic, and they occur only in response to foreign substances that are immunogenic, such as heterologous erythrocytes, and not to antigenically inert carbon particles. They are also dependent upon the dose of immunogen. Moreover, the double-stranded hybrid of polyadenylate and polyuridylate, which acts synergistically with antigen in stimulating endogenous cAMP, is immuno-enhancing if given with sheep erythrocytes when the cAMP level is increasing, and immunosuppresive if given when cAMP is decreasing. These data provide direct evidence for a role of cAMP as a mediator in the activation and proliferation of immunocytes stimulated by antigen. With knowledge of the transitory and biphasic nature of the cAMP response induced by antigen, one can avoid indiscriminate use of drugs that modify the level of endogenous cAMP and instead employ them rationally in controlling the immune response, enhancing or suppressing it as desired.

The activities of twelve enzymes were measured in crude extracts from cells of Escherichia coli K-10 grown aerobically or anaerobically in a defined medium in the presence or absence of nitrate. The activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and D-lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+-independent) were found to be higher in cells grown in nitrate respiration than in those in fermentation, but lower than in those in respiration. This finding may explain the incomplete oxidation in nitrate respiration and, on the other hand, suggests the operation of the tricarboxylic acid even under these conditions. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase in relation to the formation of fermentation product were as high in cells grown in fermentation as in those in respiration and were low in those in nitrate respiration. However, that ratio of the activities in the latter case to the activities in respiration was the same as the ratio for most enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The level of lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) was not affected by nitrate respiration but its activity in the extract was inhibited by nitrate and nitrite. The absence of lactate in the anaerobic culture with nitrate may be due to this inhibition as well as NADH oxidation by nitrate. Levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase were not altered by the growth conditions and that of pyruvate dehydrogenase was low only in cells grown in fermentation.

The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and administrations of sympathomimetics on the secretion of salivary kallikrein induced by stimulation of Chorda tympani were examined quantitatively and qualitatively in the dog submandibular gland. Both sympathetic stimulation and administrations of sympathomimetics such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol caused increased secretion of salivary kallikrein. Among these effects, those of the sympathetic stimulation, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were not completely abolished by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine or propranolol, but the effect of isoproterenol was abolished by pretreatment with propranolol, and was hardly influenced by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. From these results, it would appear that secretion of salivary kallikrein may be mediated through adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptors. On the other hand, in contrast with the activities of the salivary kallikrein secreted by Chorda tympani stimulation or administration of isoproterenol which were not inhibited by SBTI, the activities of the salivary kallikrein secreted by sympathetic stimulation as well as administration of norepinephrine or epinephrine were markedly inhibited by SBTI. From these results, it is concluded that secretion of glandular kallikrein is due either to Chorda tympani stimulation or is mediated through adrenergic beta-receptor, while secretion of plasma kallikrein is mediated through adrenergic alpha-receptor.