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No one who has served in the Royal Air Force for any length of time can be anything but vividly aware of the intimate connection of Sir Sydney Camm with the Service, and the profound effect that he and his aircraft have had upon us. The list of military aircraft for which he was responsible from 1925 onwards reads almost like a history of the Royal Air Force: Hornbill, Hart, Fury, Hurricane, Typhoon, Tempest, Hunter, P.1127 and the Hawk.

Recent decades have witnessed an expansion of research on economic history in Denmark: its content and character are discussed in this article. A survey of the development of the discipline in the period since the Second World War provides the background against which a number of problems are considered, mainly concerning research policy; their formulation and solution are of crucial importance to the direction and content of research in the years immediately ahead.

Cross, the YMCA, and the Standard Oil Company, as well as on personalities like Paul Reinsch, the American minister in Peking, diplomat-financier Willard Straight, and Vermont lawyer Warren Austin. The American International Corporation, a United States company created in 1915, has been mentioned frequently in this literature, but only a superficial view of its organization and China operation has been provided. Yet in 1916 and 1917, AIC made a significant attempt to capitalize on the market potential of China by entering into business contracts with the Chinese government. Set in the wartime context of American world economic growth, an examination of AIC's effort underscores some of the problems in Sino-American commercial relations.1

The Labour and Socialist Convention held at Leeds on 3 June 1917 was held expressly “to follow Russia”. It adopted four resolutions, the most celebrated of which called for the establishment of what have been termed “extra-Parliamentary Soviets with sovereign powers”. It was described shortly afterwards as “the most spectacular piece of utter folly for which [the Socialist left] during the whole war-period, was responsible – which is saying not a little”. A contemporary journal held that many of the ILP men had become “avowed Syndicalists or Bolsheviks”; and the King, in conversation with Will Thorne after the latter's visit to Russia on behalf of the government, expressed some concern about what had taken place. He “seemed greatly disturbed at the famous Leeds Conference”, Thorne recorded. Thome's reply, however, had “seemed to relieve his mind”. F. W. Jowett, a member of the group which issued invitations to the Convention, referred to it to the end of his life as the “highest point of revolutionary fervour he had seen in this country”.

Shortly before Peking's entrance into the United Nations in 1971, there appeared in the New York Times a letter to the editor in which the writer strenuously objected to the restoration of China's seat in the world assembly and gave, among other reasons, the argument that the Chinese communists are t'u pao-tzu, or, as he put it, "native dumplings." While the ineptness of this translation rendered the expression utterly meaningless to the English readers, to those whose "hearth language" is Chinese the letter writer's sneering contempt for, and patronizing condescension toward the so-called "native dumplings" are vividly clear. The expression t'u pao-tzu can best be translated as "country bumpkin" or simply "hick."

It is, I trust, no longer necessary to defend the inclusion of family life among the proper concerns of historical scholarship. Work on the subject has been accumulating for about a decade, and from all indications the trend will accelerate in the near future. Still, the sum of the results to date is relatively modest. As with any new field of research, many of the outer boundaries and much of the internal topography remain to be explored. So far a single line of research has been notably-almost exclusivelydominant. I mean, of course, the demographic one. Beginning with the work of the 'sixieme section' in France, and ably followed by the members of the Cambridge (England) Group for the Study of Population and Social Structure, a broad range of ingenious techniques has been developed for the statistical analysis of families in pre-modern Europe. More recently, the movement has crossed the ocean, and already a new generation of historical demographers is busy with similar materials from the American past. Because, however, the achievements of this research are so tangible, and also because the methodology is so dazzling, there is danger of a certain loss of intellectual balance. Too often nowadays scholars refer to the history of the family as if it comprised the demographic history of the family, and little more. The shortsightedness of this perspective will be immediately acknowledged, but the problem is a real one nonetheless. This is not to belittle the place of demography in the study of the family. Such work has been, and will continue to be, of undeniable importance. Indeed it was especially important in the initial phase of this inquiry: one had to know the statistical contours of pre-modern families before one could deal adequately with their structural and psychological elements. Thus the distribution of power between spouses has depended, in part, on their respective ages at marriage. Patterns of inter-generational contact

In an article published in this journal several years ago, Dr B. Rawson put forward the suggestion that the temple of Hercules associated with Pompeius' building activity should be assigned to an early period in his career, either 79 or (more likely) about 70 B.C. If the latter, she connects it with a competition between Pompeius and Crassus to secure the mantle of military prowess as the heir of Sulla, manifest in the lavish sacrificial feast given by Crassus in 70 B.C. which she says he made at the festival of Hercules Invictus on 12 August, in thanks for the military success which the god had secured for him in the recent slave war, and which was designed to steal Pompeius' thunder as the games celebrating his Spanish victories were due to begin a few days later on 15 August (Cic. Verr. i 31).

Historians have long grappled with the problem of defining the precise nature of eighteenth-century Mexican society. Not only was the confused tangle of racial types which resulted from the three centuries of miscegenation vitally important in establishing social status, but special corporations further divided the population into privileged groups and jurisdictions. Society was split into three general categories: ethnic whites,criollo(American-born) andgachupín(European-born); Indians; and finally thecastas(castes) who belonged to the many racial permutations.

However, such musical and technical demands should not leave the pianist with the despairing attitude of thirty years ago, that Ives' music is practically unplayable. Further into the twentieth century, we are more accustomed to hearing and playing a wide variety of sound-structures, complex textures, and rhythms; recordings and well-edited scores have made the music accessible and its gradual assimilation possible. It is time to indulge in this piano music-and indulge is the correct word, for serious study returns a huge amount of gratification as we find the resources to realize the text in an ever-expanding sense of what is "pianistic." We can look to Ives' Essays Before a Sonata 2 for the emotional stamina to embark on the playing of his works. In the democratic spirit, Ives grants individuality to the player on many issues: "Marks of tempo, ex

But fly our paths, our feverish contact fly! For strong the infection of our mental strife, Which, though it gives no bliss, yet spoils for rest; And we should win thee from thy own fair life, Like us distracted, and like us unblest. Soon, soon thy cheer would die, Thy hopes grow timorous, and unfix'd thy powers, And thy clear aims be cross and shifting made; And then thy glad perennial youth would fade, Fade, and grow old at last, and die like ours.

The factor that makes the problems under discussion here so important is their global nature. In our century the solution of a number of problems can no longer be held within the limits of a single country. They have to be resolved on the scale of our entire planet. This perception of the planetary character of the relation of man to nature first arose as a consequence of the appearance of the atom bomb and the threat of a world nuclear war. It is granted by all that such a war, wherever it arises, could poison the entire globe within a few hours and bring the life of man to an end. It is this threat that compels people to refrain from using the nuclear weapon. To this day one still finds people who think that if man hides in shelters equipped with filters safeguarding him from radioactive damage, he will survive. But that is confused thinking, for it is forgotten that man can live only under conditions of equilibrium with nature. But it is obvious that no such equilibrium can exist under conditions in wh...

One of Rome's greatest achievements was the successful enlistment of her conquered peoples for the defence of her empire. How much was Roman statesmanship willing to pay for this? Part of the answer lies in the dignity, freedom, and participation which Roman rule granted to these peoples. Another part of the answer will be found in the pay of the auxilia; for although they were recruited from among the subject nations they matched the legions in numbers, fighting spirit, and efficiency at integrating the provinces into the Empire.The pay of the auxilia and its relation to the pay of the legions is a vexing problem which has elicited the ingenuity of many scholars. Recently, however, a new reading of the papyrus P. Gen. Lat. l and a newly-found inscription have increased the scanty evidence. They may now reveal at least part of the answer.

In July 1913 Dejazmatch Tafari (as the Emperor Haile Sellassie I was then styled), governor of the large Harar province of Ethiopia, issued a proclamation which was intended to counteract certain abuses in tax-collecting under which the peasants had been chafing. The text of this proclamation was recently printed in the Emperor's autobiography, but another version of the same proclamation is extant and was published in J. I. Eadie's An Amharic reader, CUP, 1924, 183 ff. Neither His Imperial Majesty nor the late Major Eadie is specific about the provenance of the text in his possession, and the only information vouchsafed by Eadie is a brief reference in the first sentence of the preface to his book that ‘the subject matter of this Reading Book was collected in Addis Abeba in 1913 from literate Amharas’.

Historical materialism entered Chinese thought as part of the new wave of socialism during the New Culture movement. By the late 1920's, during the ebb of communism as a political movement, it had gained a foothold in the consciousness of many Chinese intellectuals. Its application to the analysis of Chinese history reached its peak in the “social history controversy” of the late twenties and early thirties.1 After the mid-thirties interest in the Marxist discussion of history dwindled, not reaching a comparable degree of intensity until its revival after 1949.