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Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu problematika kesehatan yang prevalensinya semakin bertambah, mempunyai resiko besar terjadi komplikasi, sampai dapat menyebabkan kematian. Peningkatan kadar gula didalam darah salah satu penyebabnya adalah aktivitas pemecahan pati dari enzim alfa-amilase yang merupakan produk dari kelenjar pankreas dan saliva. Tanaman herbal yang dilaporkan memiliki khasiat sebagai antidiabetes adalah akar tembelekan. Fraksi dari akar tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) mempunyai potensi sebagai pengobatan antihyperglikemia. Hasil riset menunjukkan ekstrak etanol tembelekan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hewan uji dengan dosis 200 mg/Kg BB dan 400 mg/Kg BB. Metode spektrofotometri dipilih untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap aktivitas enzim ?-amilase dengan cara mengukur absorbansi sisa substrat yang membentuk kompleks warna biru dengan iodine-iodida. Hasil identifikasi FTIR ekstrak etanol akar tembelekan memiliki spektrum yang mirip dengan senyawa coumaran yaitu dengan adanya gugus alkana pada bilangan gelombang 2939,72 cm-1 dan 2920,54 cm-1. Hasil Ekstrak akar tembelekan mampu menghambat enzim ?-amilase dengan nilai IC50 yaitu 35.345 ppm dengan kontrol positif pembanding acarbose 20.750 ppm. Hasil analisis uji T-test ditemukan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara IC50 acarbose dan IC50 ekstrak etanol akar tembelekan dengan nilai p-value

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Bahu-Baho Lantana camara L leaf extract as alternate larvicide against mosquito Culex pipiens larvae. It utilized experimental design which has four treatment levels with three replications each. The set-up was the control, 25%, 50% and 75% concentration of bahu-baho leaves extract. Using ANOVA the result showed that there was no significant difference on the mortality of mosquito larvae with regards to the different treatment levels in a given time interval. With the toxicity level of Bahu-baho extract and the given time interval, it further entailed that the shorter the period of time of exposure of mosquito larvae to the concentration of bahu-baho leaves extracts, the higher the level of concentration it required to exterminate the given percentage of mosquito larvae. On the other hand, the longer the time of exposure, the lower the level of concentration needed to achieve the desired lethal dose effect on the larvae.

The world of flora is vast and immense, but unfortunately, known species of plants are getting endangered day by day due to improper collection and excessive usage. Many species of medicinal plants are unknown to the pharmaceutical industry and are widely utilised by folklore practitioners. So, it is necessary to evaluate and explore the therapeutic uses of such medicinal plants. Medicinal plants play an essential role in drug discovery. Lantana camara L. is a species of flowering shrub in the family Verbenaceae. It is an important medicinal plant with several medicinal uses in the traditional system of medicine. It has been used to cure many health problems in different parts of the world. Thus, it is necessary to explore the drug's identity through proper pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis. Hence the present study was aimed at a pharmacognostic and phytochemical study on the leaf of Lantana camara L. The transverse section of the midrib shows the presence of an arch-shaped vascular bundle. The percentage of extraction yield was maximum in methanolic extract (24.36%). The drug's phytochemical study showed the presence of protein, carbohydrates, Gallo tannin, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols, and ash analysis revealed the presence of chlorides.

Lantana camara L., a flowering plant belonging to the family Verbenaceae, has arrived in India as an ornamental plant. Now, it has escaped from the garden and turned over the entire ecosystem. Lantana camara not only spreads fast but does not allow other plants in its vicinity to grow and leads to the migration of those plants, so eradicating Lantana has been practised in several areas of India, but its management is complicated because this is a tough plant that grows quickly and aggressively. Despite its reputation as a troublesome weed, the plant has great potential to cure several diseases like wounds, ulcers, etc. This paper reviews the medicinal uses and various pharmacological properties of Lantana camara L.

Lantana (Lantana camara Linn.) is a wild plant whose leaves contain chemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Besides being used as an ornamental plant, lantana can also be used as a medicinal plant and a natural insecticide. This study aimed to determine the content of bioactive compounds based on the tests of phytochemistry and antioxidant activity on the leaves of Lantana camara Linn. using the DPPH method. The lantana leaves were extracted by the maceration method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Lantana camara L. leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Meanwhile, its antioxidant activity obtained an IC50 value of 316.8748 ppm, indicating that the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Lantana camara L. leaves was not high. This research is a stage of scientific proof of the herbal benefits of Lantana camara L, which previously only had empirical data.

Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a widespread mycotic infection that affects a large proportion of women of childbearing age. Its management in traditional medicine is based on the use of medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. and Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin. Results The data obtained from the in vitro antifungal test show that the strains tested (ATCC 90028 and two clinical strains: 1MA and 3MA) were more sensitive to aqueous extracts with a better effect for Pteleopsis suberosa. This potential of the tested extracts correlated with their richness in total polyphenols. The extract of the Pteleopsis suberosa was very active on the inhibition of the reference strain ATCC 90028. On the clinical strains (1MA and 3MA) the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa showed a better MIC on the 1MA strain. In vivo model, inoculation of 100 µL of the concentrated Candida albicans suspension 1.5 × 105 UFC/mL induced the candidiasis of the female Wistar rat. The treatment with the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa, like fluconazole (reference drug), significantly reduced Candida albicans infection at a dose of 100 mg/kg after 1, 7 and 13 days of treatment. Conclusion This study revealed the potential antifungal of the Ocimum gratissimum, Lantana camara and Pteleopsis suberosa. Pteleopsis suberosa has better antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. These observations justify the use of their medicinal plant in the traditional treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin.

Allelopathy is a biotic interaction between plants where one plant inhibits the germination and growth of other plants by releasing certain allelochemicals. In this research we evaluated the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Lantana camara on the germination and growth of four crop plants. The experiment was conducted in sterilized petri dishes in Botany lab of Saptagandaki Multiple Campus, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal. The effect of different concentrations of extracts was studied and compared with the control. The results revealed that the germination and seedling growth of all species were significantly inhibited at different concentrations as compared to the control. The lowest germination percentage and seedling growth was found in Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa plant respectively and effect was least in Triticum aestivum plant at 10% concentration. The germination percentages, seedling growth and, biomass in all species were observed to reduce, with the increasing concentration of aqueous extracts. The study concluded that Lantana camara leaf extract allelochemicals have adverse effects on germination, seedling growth and dry matter accumulation of all tested crops.

Trâm ổi (Lantana camara L.) là loài thực vật hoang dại được cho là có khả năng ức chế các loài thực vật lân cận trong cùng hệ sinh thái bằng cơ chế allelopathy. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng ức chế nảy mầm và tăng trưởng của cao chiết từ các bộ phận của cây trâm ổi trên đối tượng là hạt cải củ (Raphanus sativus L). Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, các cao chiết từ cây trâm ổi có chứa các hợp chất alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, saponin và coumarin. Hàm lượng phenolic và flavonoid được xác định có trong cao chiết từ hoa cao hơn các bộ phận khác, lần lượt là 239,13 mg GAE/g và 114,84 mg QE/g cao chiết. Khả năng ức chế nảy mầm và sự tăng trưởng của các cao chiết trâm ổi đối với hạt cải củ tăng dần theo nồng độ khảo sát và bộ phận hoa cho kết quả ức chế cao nhất. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cao chiết trâm ổi có tác động đến sự phân chia tế bào trong quá trình nguyên phân, tăng độ dày vách tế bào...

Invasive plant species are considered one of the important threats to global biodiversity. Lantana camara L. is an alien invasive species spread across India. The spreading patterns of Lantana indicate a serious threat to native plant biodiversity and regeneration. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of Lantana invasion on natural regeneration and soil properties in two forest types (dry deciduous and moist deciduous) of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, Karnataka, India. Four levels of lantana infestation that is, highly infested, moderately infested, lantana uprooted areas and areas without lantana infestation were considered for the present study. To assess the regeneration status, five sub quadrates of 2×2 m was laid in each main quadrats of 20 m ×20m. Four soil samples were randomly collected at 0-15 cm and 15- 30 cm depths, and a composite sample was made for analysing different soil physicochemical properties. The highest density of regenerates was observed in Lantana uprooted areas (1121±108.79 stems ha-1) followed by moderately infested areas (660±108.79 stems ha-1) in dry deciduous forests. In moist deciduous forests, the highest density of regenerates was observed in non-infested areas (845±73.31 stems ha-1) followed by uprooted areas (740±73.31 stems ha-1). It was noticed that higher canopy openings had higher Lantana infestation. Maximum soil moisture content, bulk density, pH and electric conductivity were observed in highly infested areas, but the percentage of organic carbon and organic matter was highest in non-infested areas. The study shows that the higher Lantana infestation is affected by natural regeneration, and Lantana uprooting is favouring natural regeneration.

Masker gel peel off merupakan sediaan gel yang dapat mengandung senyawa antioksidan dari bahan alam yang digunakan untuk perawatan kulit wajah. Pada penelitian ini digunakan daun tembelekan (Lantana Camara L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sediaan masker gel peel off yang stabil secara fisik dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun tembelekan. Formulasi sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun tembelekan dengan bahan gel menggunakan tiga konsentrasi terdiri dari 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Pada pengujian aktivitas antioksidan di uji menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhidrazil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun tembelekan dapat diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off yang dimana sediaan masker gel peel off semuanya memenuhi syarat. Konsentrasi terbaik adalah konsentrasi 15%. Sehingga dilakukan untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan. Formulasi sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun tembelekan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 48,78 ppm yang tergolong sangat kuat sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan masker gel pee off ektrak daun tembelekan sangat efektif digunakan sebagai formulasi antioksidan.

This study describes an outbreak of acute necrotic hepatopathy associated with spontaneous poisoning by Lantana camara L. in dairy cattle. A herd of 15 cows and heifers was introduced into a native pasture with limited food supply, and, sixteen days later, eight animals had spontaneous nasal hemorrhage, fever, lethargy, jaundice, and dry, dark stools with mucus and blood. The clinical course varied from two to five days. In the pasture where the cattle were kept, abundant adult specimens of L. camara L. with evident signs of consumption were observed. In total, seven cattle died and necropsy was performed in three of them. All animals had moderate jaundice, hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and on the surface of different organs. The liver was slightly enlarged, with orange discoloration and enhanced lobular pattern. Histologically, multifocal areas of coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes in the centrilobular area, occasionally extending to the midzonal area, were observed, as well as marked hepatocellular degeneration and prominent cholestasis. The current study suggests that L. camara L. poisoning should be considered a differential diagnosis of acute and necrotic hepatotoxicity in cattle, despite the absence of photosensitization. RESUMO: Esse estudo descreve um surto de hepatopatia necrótica aguda associada a intoxicação espontânea por Lantana camara L. em bovinos leiteiros. Um lote de 15 vacas e novilhas foram introduzidas em um piquete com campo nativo, com escassa oferta de alimento. Após dezesseis dias, oito animais manifestaram epistaxe, febre, apatia, icterícia, fezes ressecadas e escuras com muco e sangue. A evolução do quadro clínico variou de dois a cinco dias. No piquete em que os bovinos estavam alojados havia grande quantidade de L. camara L. com sinais evidentes de consumo. No total, sete bovinos morreram, e destes, o exame post mortem foi realizado em três. Os bovinos exibiam moderada icterícia, hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo e na superfície de diferentes órgãos. O fígado estava discretamente aumentado, com coloração alaranjada e padrão lobular evidente. As lesões histológicas consistiam em acentuada necrose de coagulação de hepatócitos em região centrolobular, por vezes se estendendo a região mediozonal, além de acentuada degeneração dos hepatócitos e evidente Colestase. O presente trabalho alerta para que intoxicação por L. camara L. seja levada em consideração nos diagnósticos diferenciais de hepatotoxicidade necrótica aguda em bovinos, mesmo sem indícios de fotossensibilização.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue fever. Controlling the spread of mosquitoes by using plants is an alternative that can be done to avoid the toxicity of chemical insecticides. One of the plants that can be used in mosquito control is tembelekan flower. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the spray preparation of Tembelekan flower extract (Lantana camara L.) as a repellent. The design of this study was a randomized control group posttest only design. This study used 100 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which were divided into 5 treatment groups. The extract was made in three concentration variations, namely 13%, 15%, and 17%. The results showed that P2 (positive control) and P5 (extract 17%) had the same effectiveness as a repellent, with a significant value of 0.316 (p>0.05). Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the preparation of mosquito repellent spray from tembelekan flower extract with a concentration of 17% is the most effective concentration as a repellent in this study.

Nghiên cứu này sử dụng ruồi giấm Drosophila melanogaster để đánh giá độc tính của cao chiết ethanol trâm ổi. Kết quả định tính cho thấy trâm ổi có sự hiện diện alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tanins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides và steroids-triterpenoids. Polyphenols và flavonoids tổng được xác định lần lượt là 123±2,30 mg GAE/g và 309±2,17 mg QE/g cao chiết. Cao chiết trâm ổi có khả năng gây độc cho ruồi giấm ở các nồng độ khác nhau. Ở nồng độ 250 mg/mL, trâm ổi gây chết 84,4±8,39% và nồng độ gây chết 50% (LD50) được xác định là 140 mg/mL. Ở nồng độ 20 mg/mL, trâm ổi ảnh hưởng đến sự sinh trưởng và phát triển của ruồi giấm thể hiện qua số nhộng hình thành thấp hơn so với đối chứng, tỉ lệ chết ở giai đoạn nhộng 55,9±2,09%, khả năng tích trữ năng lượng như carbohydrate, lipid và protein giảm. Nghiên cứu còn ghi nhận trâm ổi có khả năng ức chế hoạt tính của các enzyme thuộc nhóm esterase và phosphatase. Từ đó cho thấy trâm ổi là thực vật có khả năng tổng hợp các hợp chất thứ cấp gây độc cho ruồi giấm.

Изучено микроскопическое строение эпидермы листовых пластинок витекса священного и лантаны сводчатой из биоколлекции оранжерейного комплекса ВИЛАР. Эпидерму листовой пластинки изучали на свежем материале. Собирали листья из срединной части неодревесневших побегов (по 10 шт.). Микроморфологический анализ включал изучение формы основных клеток эпидермы, количественных показателей трихом и устьиц на 1 мм2. Железки и железистые трихомы сосредоточены на нижней эпидерме листовых пластинок исследованных видов. Эпидерма лантаны складчатой имеет более высокую, по сравнению с витексом священным, степень опушения. Отличается значительным количеством железистых трихомов. Эпидерма витекса священного имеет схожие анатомические структуры с некоторыми представителями семейства Вербеновые: железистые трихомы имеют характерную форму головки с коническим образованием в верхней части. Получение новых дополнительных сведений по микроструктуре эпидермы листовых пластинок позволит расширить биолого-морфологическую характеристику данных тропических растений и способствует в уточнении систематического положения отдельных видов.

Introduction: Today, the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, as well as the side effects of chemical drugs, have led to our increasing use of medicinal plants. So, our purpose was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of leaves and flowers’ methanolic extracts of Lantana camara L. Methods: Iran’s National Botanical Garden (Tehran, Iran) provided the plant, whose leaves and flowers’ methanolic extracts were prepared by the percolation method. The antimicrobial activity was measured by the disc-diffusion method against some bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), as well as fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial dilution method and determining the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Data were analyzed by Duncan test, and P0.05). Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity at the 50% concentration of the leave and flower extracts (29.66±1.15 and 30.33±0.66, respectively), and Escherichia coli showed the least sensitivity at the 6.25 % concentration of the leave and flower extracts (2.66±0.88 and 1.00±1.15, respectively). The most potent antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans at the 50% concentration of the leave extract (14.00±0.45), and the lowest antifungal activity was seen against Aspergillus niger at the 12.25% concentration of the flower extract (1.33±0.66). Conclusion: Lantana camara leaves and flowers’ extracts showed potential to be used as anti-microbial agents against bacterial and fungal infections.

Medicinal plants have several therapeutic properties; they have been used for a long time to treat different diseases. Lantana camara L. has been widely used by man for healing these diseases. In this study, four leaves extracts of L. camara were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to determine the presence and/or the absence of phytochemical constituents; In addition, they were tested for hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes. This activity is performed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method at 520 nm and at five different concentrations (125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, and 1000 µg/ml). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of various phytochemical groups such as phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds and the absence of alkaloids in the four extracts. These same extracts showed average hemolytic activity sequentially: chloroformic extract, petroleum ether extract, aqueous extract and then methanolic extract. This activity is dependent on the concentration of the extract.

Thai Agricultural Research Journal, 38, 2, 161-169

In recent years, essential oils (EOs) as alternatives to synthetic pesticides in managing pests have been assessed. The use of bioinsecticide in pest management is encouraged in agroecology for a sustainable agricultural system. Essential oils of Lantana camara L. leaves from different climatic zones of Kenya were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed through GC-MS to identify the compounds. The contact toxicity and repellent activity of EOs against the invasive tomato pest, Tuta absoluta, were tested. The toxicological assays were performed following the leaf-dip bioassay protocol, while the repellency activity was performed using the repellent response method for phytophagous pests and the data analyzed using the ANOVA test. It was found that L. camara EO has a good insecticidal activity with higher mortality (89%) on the 2nd instar larvae with a higher dosage (0.01 µl/µl). The repellence test also showed a higher average repellence (93.44%) effect with a higher dosage (0.01 µl/µl) of the EOs. According to these results, the EO of L. camara may well be a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative for synthetic insecticide in the T. absoluta management program. Key words: Bioinsecticide; essential oil, integrated pest management, invasive species, secondary metabolites.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the essential oil composition as well as antibacterial activities of essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers against four bacterial strains. Essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers was obtained by hydrodistillation method using Sthal and analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activities of essential oil were tested by using disk diffusion method against four bacterial strains. Results showed 72 compounds for Lantana flowers essential oil, of which caryophyllene (10,87%), davanone (9.84%), a-humulene (7.59%), a-curcumene (3.35%), germacrene D (3.09%), calarene (2.42%), a-muurolene (2.27%), p-cymene (1.79%), 1,8 cineole (1.59%) , δ-cadinene (1.59%), a-copaene (1.12%), nerolidol B (1%) and ß-ocimene (0.54%) were detected as major components. Antibacterial activity assay of Lantana camara L flowers essential oil was examined against four bacterial strains including Gram (+and-) by using disk diffusion agar method. All the tested Gram (+and-) bacterial strains displayed slight to moderate antibacterial activity (7 – 10 mm) against all concentrations of essential oil. The essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers showed remarkable antibacterial activity with inhibition in concentrations of 10% and 20% against the phatogen bacterias Basillus subtilis (9.6 mm; 10.8 mm), Propionibacterium acnes ( 7.6 mm; 8.7 mm), Eschechia coli ( 8.4 mm ; 9.6 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 8.3 mm ; 9.3 mm) showed from zone of inhibition that was formed, zone of inhibition in concentration 20% was bigger than concentration 10%.

Biological invasion is one of the most sensitive modern–day research problems which has grabbed a lot of attention of several plant and animal scientists globally. Our study has addressed the current extent of habitat suitability of Lantana camara L. and its possible future expansion using MaxEnt model in three climatic years 2050, 2070 and 2080 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) in Koraput district of Odisha. A total of seven environmental variables out of total of 23 including 19 bioclimatic, 03 topographic and 01 land cover change variable were taken as the predictors due to their lesser Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) scores to avoid multicollinearity. Slope and Minimum temperature of coldest month (MTCM) contributed the most towards the MaxEnt modelling process. The overall results predict drastic range expansion of Lantana camara L. with the trends 6902.28 km2

I Lantana camara L. Small shrub, in thicket and farmland, fallow and disturbed sites. C.N.: kalombele, kandanda, kalobele, kalomba (kb). Uses: medicinal. Introduced and naturalized species, native to South America., Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) e uma planta de caule lenhoso, ramos eretos e com inflorescencia com bractea-involucrais externas, flor com calice menor que 2.5/4.5 lobado, corola amarela/vermelha/laranja maior que as bracteas e o fruto e da cor vinacea com mesocarpo do tipo carnoso de ocorrencia mundial. Esta especie se adapta facilmente em regioes com acao antropica. Na familia, L. camara e uma das mais estudadas no mundo como planta medicinal, entretanto, raros sao os estudos histoquimicos envolvendo partes vegetativas desta especie. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar e localizar in situ metabolitos presentes nas folhas de L. camara ocorrente em area de Mata Atlântica, no sul da Bahia, Brasil. Cortes realizados a mao livre em folhas frescas e fixadas em formalina neutra tamponada de especimes coletados na localidade de Marau, Bahia, Brasil foram submetidas a histoquimica e observacao microscopica. Alcaloides foram identificados em tricomas glandulares e nos idioblastos; lipideos em tricomas glandulares, no parenquima palicadico e na cuticula; lignina, nas celulas do xilema; compostos fenolicos no parenquima palicadico, nos tricomas glandulares e oleos essenciais nas celulas do xilema, do floema e no feixe vascular. Os resultados deste trabalho corroboraram estudos anteriores e agregaram conhecimento com a descricao da presenca de alcaloides, ainda nao descritos nas folhas de L. camara por metodo histoquimico que possibilitarao direcionamento para pesquisas futuras sobre o uso da planta.

Mosquitoes play an important role in the spread of vector-borne diseases and their management is highly essential. Plant extracts have been explored for their mosquitocidal activity against different types of vectors. The present work aimed to determine the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Lantana camara L. essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion formulation for the control of pests. The synthesized essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion was subjected to evaluate the antioxidant potential and mosquito larvicidal properties. GC-MS analysis revealed that the essential oil of Lantana camara L. leaf contained 12 bioactive components. Caryophyllene oxide (15.81), n-Hexadecanoic acid (4.22), Davanone (6.49) and beta-Sesquiphellandrene (2.32) are the major compounds identified. The nano-emulsion was effective against A. aegypti immature stage (larvae and pupae) and adult mosquitoes in laboratory conditions. The LC

Background: Lantana camara L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It originated in Tropical America in Southern Georgia and the North of Texas, and was introduced in Calcutta, India, in the year 1809 as an ornamental hedge. The plant L. camara is also distributed in Southeast Asia, China, Australia, Brazil, West Indies, Kenya, Mexico, East Africa, and Tanzania. Many of its phytoconstituents possess medicinal properties which are used traditionally to treat fever, uterine hemorrhage, and excess menstrual discharge, chronic ulcers, rheumatism, gonorrhea, toothache, gastrointestinal pain, etc., and it has been used in Brazil for curing malaria, mange, headaches, colds, and fevers. Objective: The review elaborates traditional practices related to Lantana camara L., its phytochemistry, and its role in various types of cancers. Methods: The data on L. camara were collected through different online databases, like Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar. Results: Major phytoconstituents isolated from the plant shows anticancer activity, especially lantadene A-D, icterogenin, oleanolic acid, lantacamaric acid A, B, oleanonic acid, etc. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the potential of the plant for various cancers. Certain extracts, isolated compounds, and their semi-synthetic derivatives have depicted a significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect. Conclusion: Clinical studies related to the therapeutic efficacy of Lantana camara L. are not yet established, therefore, making it crucial to direct future researches in this area.

The scientific study of this research has been focused on synergistic antibacterial activity of two weed plants, Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L. alongwith two medicinal plants, Cannabis sativa L., Justicia adhatoda L. against multi- drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Dried leaf powders of the plants were extracted using air-dried method followed by the ethanol- solvent extraction method for the crude extract of the leaves. The crude extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against three MDR bacteria, that is, one Gram positive bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria- Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Out of 18 antibiotics tested against procured bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 10 out of 10 tested antibiotics, Escherichia coli was resistant to 4 out of 12 tested antibiotics and Proteus mirabilis was resistant to 9 out of 10 tested antibiotics. The tested weed plants and the medicinal plants when combined together showed more zone of inhibition against multidrug resistant bacteria ( Two combinations of phytochemicals Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa, Justicia adhatoda, Parthenium hysterophorus showed maximum zones of inhibition, that is, 30 mm) as compared to when these plants were tested solitarily, showing pronounced antibacterial activity. These findings showed that the antibacterial activity enhanced when they were combined together and this potential could be used against various infectious diseases with more research and modification in this area. Weed plants also holds as much importance as the medicinal plants although not to that extent, but they clearly inhibit the growth of bacteria and this property of weeds along with the medicinal plants holds a promising future in treating many diseases caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria on the pharmaceutical level.

Lantana camara is a plant that is used empirically for traditional medicine. This plant has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug because it contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids[1] essential oils[19], carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, oligosaccharides, kinins, steroids, triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes[2]. Therefore this article is created in order to provide information about the various research that supports evidence of conformity with the use of this plant empirically as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Antioxidant activities were obtained in Lantana camara plants by using the DPPH method which showed high IC50 values compared to the standard drug. The anti-inflammatory activity of lantana leaves showed that they had different anti-inflammatory effects depending on the dose given. From the results of the review, empirical evidence of pharmacological activity was found from the use of the lantana plant leaves.

Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant extracts. Present study revealed that, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic AgNPs were synthesized using terpenes-rich extract (TRE) of environmentally notorious Lantana camara L. leaves. AgNPs were characterized by advanced techniques like UV–Visible and Infra red spectroscopy; XRD, SEM techniques as terpenes coated sphere shaped NPs with average diameter 425 nm. Further, on evaluation, AgNPs were found to exhibit dose – dependent antioxidant potential, good to moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and toxicity on Brine shrimp (A. salinanauplii) with LD50 value 514.50 µg/ml.

Background Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles with pharmaceutical applications is the current focus in the field of nanomedicine. This study aims at use of Lantanacamara L as a source of green reducing agent toward synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. Results Fe3+-reducing assay demonstrated that Lantana camara methanol extract (LCM) has significant electron transfer potential. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of the crude extracts revealed the presence of 7 known and 17 unknown phytochemicals in LCM. Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed based on color change of reaction mixture from light brown to dark brown. UV–visible spectrometry analysis showed that the synthesized particles had a λmax at 267.5 nm. Based on the two theta (2θ) and Miller indices (hkl) values obtained in XRD analysis, the particles were confirmed to be cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanoparticles. Further dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the average size of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles is 180 nm. SEM image analysis of the particles revealed that they are spherical mass of feather-like structure, contributing toward increased surface area of the particles. Further, the pharmaceutical potential of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles was evaluated against eukaryotic cancer and fungal cells. MTT cytotoxicity analysis showed that Co(OH)2 nanoparticles have selective toxicity toward HCT-116 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 25 µg/ml and reduced cytotoxicity to non-cancerous VERO cells with an IC50 value of 200 µg/ml suggesting that the particles possess selective anti-cancerous cytotoxicity. Additionally, the particles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against 5 human fungal pathogens. Conclusions Results of this study conclude that green-synthesized Co(OH)2 nanoparticles using Lantanacamara L possess excellent eukaryotic cytotoxicity against cancer cells and fungal pathogens.

* Lantana camara L. — Habit: Shrub. Habitat: LMWF. Distribution: IV. Voucher: Meru Forest, Alt. 1 746 m, 20 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002383 (HIB). References: K.F.S. (2010)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464

Owing to the expensive and toxic nature of physical and chemical methods employed in the synthesis of commercially available metal nanoparticles used in wood protection, researchers are in search o...

The aim of this study was to establish whether the invasive plant Lantana camara L. alters the soil chemical properties at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park. The key objective was to evaluate the soil nutrient composition in areas invaded by L. camara and how these differ from areas without L. camara. Five study sites were selected by purposeful sampling, out of the existing 10 blocks. Soil samples were collected randomly from L. camara invaded areas and similarly from adjacent areas free from L. camara. The soil samples were subjected to determination of the following nutrients and parameters: pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and sodium (Na). The data obtained was analysed using Two-way ANOVA test to determine difference in nutrients composition in L. camara invaded and non-invaded areas. Three-way ANOVA test was used to gauge the interactions between wet and dry season, invaded and non-invaded areas and study sites. A post-ANOVA test, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference was done to separate the means. The results from the study indicated L. camara invaded areas had a significant difference in pH, P, N, Mn, Fe and total organic C compared to the patches that had native plants and not invaded by L. camara. High pH also makes P to be more available to plants that is why P was high in the L. camara invaded areas. This study revealed that L. camara remarkably changes the concentration and balance of soil nutrients resulting to a change in chemistry of soil nutrients. This is in a bid to suit its survival to the detriment of the native plant species. This study is hence vital for designing an effective eradication and preventive strategy of L. camara in Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park and other protected ecological habitats in Kenya.

Invasive alien plant species represent a great threat to the integrity of ecosystems. Acquiring information on the dynamics of these species on a cartographic basis constitutes a tool for their sustainable management. Among these species, Lantana camara L., known for its environmental and agronomic impacts, is currently reported in several localities of Côte d'Ivoire. The general objective of this study is to model the ecological niche of this species over the entire country. To do so, 89 points occurrences and 19 current and future bioclimatic variables were collected to model the potential distribution of this species on the basis of the RCP 8.5 scenario as part of the HadGEM2-ES climate model. This is 75% of presence data (67 points) used for model calibration and 25% (22 points) for testing. At the end of the modeling carried out with the MaxEnt software, the areas suitable for the species are characterized by low temperatures and heavy rainfall., under current climatic conditions, approximately 65,782.40 km², or 20% of the national territory, is suitable for the invasion of L. camara. Azagny National Park, Banco National Park, and the Iles Nature Reserve Ehotiles have distributions with high probability of the presence of the species. By 2050, the climate projects high temperatures and low precipitation in the future. The results show that by adapting to this new climatic range, the L. camara proliferation area will increase to 78,036.05 km², or 24% of the national territory. An upward trend, with a rate of change of 18.6, has been observed in the favorable areas of this area. To maintain the normal functioning of ecosystems and the sustainability of ecosystem services, the areas that have been identified as the most vulnerable to the invasion of L. camara must be the subject of control strategies of this species. Keywords: Lantana camara, Species modeling, MaxEnt, Côte d’Ivoire, RCP scenario 8.5.

Lantana camara (L.) from family Verbenaceae, is an ornamental, annual noxious invasive weed native to tropical America but now found in many other countries due to its fast growth and spread. It has the potential to diminish native plants and can survive under variety of adverse abiotic stresses. Plants growing under natural conditions at different temperatures were sampled and used for various metabolic analysis. Indices like Malondialdehyde (MDA), Membrane Injury Index (MII), Membrane Stability Index (MSI) and stomata measurements were performed on stomata and pollens under adverse conditions. For studying the reason behind high level of invasiveness of Lantana, in-tissue localisation of various secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated in stomata and pollens. The histochemical level of secondary metabolites (lignin, lipids, suberin, cellulose, hemicellulose, callose) were increased in stomata and pollens under adverse abiotic stress conditions as compared to control conditions. Similarly, in-tissue localisation of various antioxidants viz: Glutathione, Thioredoxin reductase, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase), Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Peroxidase, Monodehydroascorbate reductase increased substantially under cold and heat stress compared to control in stomata and pollens. Elevated levels under stressful conditions suggests the role of all these enzymes and secondary metabolites in plant stress tolerance against environmental abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, it can be implied from the results that invasive alien plants can protect themselves from certain stresses by accumulating ROS scavenging enzymes and other stress related metabolites.

The study was conducted to mass micropropagation of big sage (Lantana camara L.) plant by shoot multiplication technique. The treatments 2.22 and 2.66 µmol·L–1 BA gave the highest significant increase in the percentage of response to shoot multiplication and number of shoots per explant compared to the other treatments as reached 96.70% and 100.00% and 4.33 and 6.00 shoots, respectively. The results showed that these two treatments did not differ significantly between them. While the 1.33 µmol·L–1 BA gave the lowest values in the percentage of response to shoot multiplication and number of shoots per explant were 80.00% and 2.00 shoots per explant, respectively. The MS medium supplemented with 4.30 or 5.37 µmol·L–1 NAA gave a high response to root formation, number of roots per shoot and root length. While the MS medium supplemented with 6.44 or 7.52 µmol·L–1 NAA gave low values in these characteristics. The MS medium with 2.22 or 2.66 µmol·L–1 concentration of BA or 7.52 µmol·L–1 concentration of NAA recorded the highest significant increase in the percentage of response to callus formation. While the MS medium supplemented with 1.33 µmol·L–1 BA or 4.30 µmol·L–1 NAA gave less response to the callus formation.

Lantana camara L. is widely used in folk medicine for alleviation of inflammatory disorders, but studies that proved this folk use and that revealed the molecular mechanism of action in inflammation mitigation are not enough. Therefore, this study aimed to identify L. camara phytoconstituents using UPLC-MS/MS and explain their multi-level mechanism of action in inflammation alleviation using network pharmacology analysis together with molecular docking and in vitro testing. Fifty-seven phytoconstituents were identified in L. camara extract, from which the top hit compounds related to inflammation were ferulic acid, catechin gallate, myricetin and iso-ferulic acid. Whereas the most enriched inflammation related genes were PRKCA, RELA, IL2, MAPK 14 and FOS. Furthermore, the most enriched inflammation-related pathways were PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed that catechin gallate possessed the lowest binding energy against PRKCA, RELA and IL2, while myricetin had the most stabilized interaction against MAPK14 and FOS. In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory testing indicated that L. camara extract is safer than piroxicam and has a strong anti-inflammatory activity comparable to it. This study is a first step in proving the folk uses of L. camara in palliating inflammatory ailments and institutes the groundwork for future clinical studies.

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental and hedge plant in many countries which is native to American tropics. It’s introduction to the Indian subcontinent dates back around 200 years ago. It is an invasive alien species that has a negative impact on native biodiversity. It is evident that management of L. camara is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. Studying its phenological characteristics as they adapt to environmental circumstances through time and space will aid in the development of management goals and strategies. This study uses BBCH scale firstly to describe the phenology of L. camara, which is represented by nine Phenological Growth Stages (PGS) in response to environmental conditions during a 32-month period in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, representing its growth. To standardise morphological traits and the phenological observation, photographs of certain significant developmental stages on L. camara in addition to the descriptions have been illustrated. Researchers can utilise this uniform labelling method as a tool to help with weed management efforts. Phenological studies of this invasive weed species may be employed for tracking the gradual impact of climate change on biodiversity and its effect on the key phenological events in the lifecycle.

Lantana camara L., a medicinal plant, exhibits antimicrobial, fungicidal, insecticidal and nematicidal properties. Effective in vitro micropropagation and callus induction aid plant material production for bioactive compound studies and plant resource conservation. Shoot multiplication, root induction and callus formation were investigated. The results indicated a high shoot multiplication rate on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 16.0 μmol/L N6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoots showed good root regeneration with healthy plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 7.5 μmol/L indole-3-butyric acid. A large callus size occurred with roots at the basal end of shoots on the media added with 20.0 μmol/L or 40.0 μmol/L of 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) combined with 40.0 μmol/L BA. Leaf explants were more suitable for callus induction. Media containing 0.0–40.0 μmol/L BA in combination with 20.0 μmol/L or 40.0 μmol/L NAA could efficiently induce callus formation with the same level of relative growth rate. These plants and callus will be suitable sources of plant material for further study in producing bioactive compounds.

This paper is retracted by editor due to publication ethics missconducted by author (simultaneously publication in other journal).

The results showed that the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.4 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA resulted in the highest significant value in the percentage of response to callus induction of 96.67% compared with the other combinations of growth regulators. The results showed that a combination of 9.5 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 NAA which was added to the MS medium recorded the highest percentage of response to indirect adventitious shoot formation from callus of Lantana Camara, several shoots per 100 mg callus and shoot length reached 96.67%, 10 shoots per 100 mg callus and 3.00 cm, respectively, after 12 weeks of culturing. The adventitious shoots of indirect organogenesis of Lantana Camara were rooted when cultured on the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA after 8 weeks of planting.

Studies on invasive plants focus on their biology with little knowledge over socio-political reasons for invasions. The increasing realization that the socio-political scenario favoring invasion is the primary cause of biological invasion has changed the perception and facilitates to identify policies and pathways alterations which are needed to prevent future invasions. This study attempts to explain the social dimensions of invasion of two major invasive plants of Kerala—Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata. Different literatures—books, journals, popular articles, state manuals, state reports, checklists and personal communications were referred to identify the socio-political reasons for the introduction of these species. The study identified that the solemnity of British to exchange and introduce plants across their empire through Agri-horticultural societies, Botanical Gardens and missionaries provided beneficial situations for the purposeful introduction of L. camara to the Calcutta Botanical Garden, India from London. The study also identified species introduction to the Lalbagh Botanical garden, Bangalore from Sri Lanka. These circumstances also led to the accidental introduction of C. odorata to the Calcutta Botanical Garden along with intentionally introduced plants. Lantana camara was reported from Kerala in 1872 indicating its spread facilitated by the admixture of various agents- missionaries, shifting cultivation, linear intrusions, botanical gardens, human movements and birds. The need of survival during Second World War led to the accidental introduction of C. odorata to Kerala from Assam along with the labourers returning from war. Circumstances during the war period led to the movement of people from Kerala to Assam, Sri Lanka and other War participating countries as labourers and militants.

Fruits and fermentation methods are important sources of organic acids that determine organoleptic properties, microbiological and biochemical stability of fruit wines. This study is aimed at investigating total titrable acidity and organic acids of fruit wines produced by response surface optimization of cactus pear and Lantana camara fruits blend and cactus pear fruit alone. The predictive mathematical model of the blended fruit wine is well fitted (R2 = 0.9618 and absolute average deviation (AAD) = 2.06%). The optimum values of fermentation temperature, inoculum concentration, and Lantana camara fruitjuice concentration to produce predictive total titrable acidity of 0.8% (w/v citric acid) were 24°C, 10% (v/v), and 10.7% (v/v), respectively. The blended fruit wine was with lower total titrable acidity (w/v citric acid) of 0.83 ± 0.058% compared to wine produced from cactus pear fruit alone 1.06 ± 0.27%. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of both produced wines revealed the difference in concentration of citric (±3.35 mg/ml), L-tartaric (± 3.71 mg/ml), and L-ascorbic acid (± 0.07 mg/ml). Citric acid was predominant organic acid in both fruit wines, and its content in the cactus pear is 7.09 ± 0.07 mg/ml and blended fruit wine 4.74 ± 0.07 mg/ml.