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BACKGROUND: Training the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) has the potential to benefit patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions as well as the aged population. Isolated foot exercises, often standard in clinical practice, are difficult to perform, whereas functional exercises are much easier to accomplish. However, it is unclear whether functional exercises are comparable to isolated foot exercises in activating the PIFMs. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the activation of PIFMs between functional exercises versus isolated foot exercises. METHODS: Using surface electromyography (EMG), muscle activation of three PIFMs was measured in four functional exercises (i.e. normal/unstable toe stance, toe walking, and hopping) versus a muscle-specific isolated foot exercise in 29 younger adults, resulting in 12 comparisons. RESULTS: Functional exercises showed larger mean EMG amplitudes than the isolated foot exercises in 25% of the 12 comparisons, while there was no difference in the remaining 75%. CONCLUSION: Functional exercises provoked comparable or even more activation of the PIFMs than isolated foot exercises. Given that functional exercises are easier to perform, this finding indicates the need to further investigate the effectiveness of functional exercises in physical therapy to improve muscle function and functional task performance in populations that suffer from PIFM weakness or dysfunction. ispartof: PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce translational mobilization theory (TMT) and explore its application for healthcare quality improvement purposes. Design/methodology/approach TMT is a generic sociological theory that explains how projects of collective action are progressed in complex organizational contexts. This paper introduces TMT, outlines its ontological assumptions and core components, and explores its potential value for quality improvement using rescue trajectories as an illustrative case. Findings TMT has value for understanding coordination and collaboration in healthcare. Inviting a radical reconceptualization of healthcare organization, its potential applications include: mapping healthcare processes, understanding the role of artifacts in healthcare work, analyzing the relationship between content, context and implementation, program theory development and providing a comparative framework for supporting cross-sector learning. Originality/value Poor coordination and collaboration are well-recognized weaknesses in modern healthcare systems and represent important risks to quality and safety. While the organization and delivery of healthcare has been widely studied, and there is an extensive literature on team and inter-professional working, we lack readily accessible theoretical frameworks for analyzing collaborative work practices. TMT addresses this gap in understanding.

Recently, Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) have attained considerable recognition because of their efficiency and applicability in different types of real-life applications. This paper provides a comprehensive research study on MRS coordination, starting with the basic terminology, categorization, application domains, and finally, give a summary and insights on the proposed coordination approaches for each application domain. We have done an extensive study on recent contributions in this research area in order to identify the strengths, limitations, and open research issues, and also highlighted the scope for future research. Further, we have examined a series of MRS state-of-the-art parameters that affect MRS coordination and, thus, the efficiency of MRS, like communication mechanism, planning strategy, control architecture, scalability, and decision-making. We have proposed a new taxonomy to classify various coordination approaches of MRS based on the six broad dimensions. We have also analyzed that how coordination can be achieved and improved in two fundamental problems, i.e., multi-robot motion planning, and task planning, and in various application domains of MRS such as exploration, object transport, target tracking, etc.

The versatile coordination behavior of the P4 butterfly complex [{Cp*Cr(CO)3}2(μ,η1:1‐P4)] (1) towards Lewis acidic pentacarbonyl compounds of Cr, Mo and W is reported. The reaction of 1 with [W(CO)4(nbd)] (nbd=norbornadiene) yields the complex [{Cp*Cr(CO)3}2(μ3,η1:1:1:1‐P4){W(CO)4}] (2) in which 1 serves as a chelating P4 butterfly ligand. In contrast, reactions of 1 with [M(CO)4(nbd)] (M=Cr (a), Mo (b)) result in the step‐wise formation of [{Cp*Cr(CO)2}2(μ3,η3:1:1‐P4){M(CO)5}] (3 a,b) and [{Cp*Cr(CO)2}2‐(μ4,η3:1:1:1‐P4){M(CO)5}2] (4 a,b) which contain a folded cyclo‐P4 unit. Complex 4 a undergoes an unprecedented P1/P3‐fragmentation yielding the cyclo‐P3 complex [Cp*Cr(CO)2(η3‐P3)] (5) and the as yet unknown phosphinidene complex [Cp*Cr(CO)2{Cr(CO)5}2(μ3‐P)] (6). The identity of 6 is confirmed by spectroscopic methods and by the in situ formation of [{Cp*Cr(CO)2(tBuNC)}P{Cr(CO)5}2(tBuNC)] (7). DFT calculations throw light on the bonding situation of the reported products., Unprecedented P1/P3‐fragmentation: The versatile P4 butterfly complex [{Cp*Cr(CO)3}2(μ,η1:1‐P4)] reacts with [Cr(CO)4] fragments to afford a folded deltoid cyclo‐P4 unit stabilized by [Cp*Cr(CO)2] and [Cr(CO)5] moieties. The new chromium compound undergoes a selective P1/P3‐fragmentation. Hereby, the cyclo‐P3 complex [Cp*Cr(CO)2(η3‐P3)] and the as yet unknown phosphinidene complex [Cp*Cr(CO)2{Cr(CO)5}2(μ3‐P)] are obtained (see scheme).

Coercive mate guarding, where males use aggression to control female movements, is a form of sexual coercion which functions to constrain female mate choice. Non-human primates, for example, herd females to keep them away from competing males, but male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) also herd females to keep them close to their alliance partners. Indeed, pairs and trios of male dolphins work together to sequester single estrus females and defend them from competing alliances. Yet how males facilitate such coordination remains unknown. Here, we investigate the vocal behaviour of allied male bottlenose dolphins during the herding of individual females, examining how the production of whistles and ‘pops’ (a threat vocalisation) varied with behavioural state and inter-animal distances. Allied males produced both whistles and pops significantly more often and at higher rates during social interactions, though they differed in function. Whistle rates increased significantly when new individuals joined the consorting group, consistent with previous work showing that whistles are part of a greeting sequence for this species. Whistle matching also appeared to play a role in within-alliance coordination. Pop vocalisations increased significantly when the nearest male to the female changed, likely inducing the female to remain close as the males coordinate a guard switch. Building upon prior research examining female movements in response to pops, we show that males approach the female and current guard whilst popping, leading to a guard switch. Our results provide new insights into the use of vocal signals during cooperative mate guarding between allied male dolphins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10071-019-01290-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Starch composition and the amount in endosperm, both of which contribute dramatically to seed yield, cooking quality, and taste in cereals, are determined by a series of complex biochemical reactions. However, the mechanism regulating starch biosynthesis in cereal seeds is not well understood. This study showed that OsbZIP58, a bZIP transcription factor, is a key transcriptional regulator controlling starch synthesis in rice endosperm. OsbZIP58 was expressed mainly in endosperm during active starch synthesis. osbzip58 null mutants displayed abnormal seed morphology with altered starch accumulation in the white belly region and decreased amounts of total starch and amylose. Moreover, osbzip58 had a higher proportion of short chains and a lower proportion of intermediate chains of amylopectin. Furthermore, OsbZIP58 was shown to bind directly to the promoters of six starch-synthesizing genes, OsAGPL3, Wx, OsSSIIa, SBE1, OsBEIIb, and ISA2, and to regulate their expression. These findings indicate that OsbZIP58 functions as a key regulator of starch synthesis in rice seeds and provide new insights into seed quality control.

By means of a laboratory experiment, we study the impact of the endogenous adoption of a collective punishment mechanism within a one-shot binary trust game. The experiment comprises three games. In the first one, the only equilibrium strategy is not to trust, and not to reciprocate. In the second we exogenously introduce a sanctioning rule that imposes on untrustworthy second-movers a penalty proportional to the number of those who reciprocate trust. This generates a second equilibrium where everybody trusts and reciprocates. In the third game, the collective punishment mechanism is adopted through majority-voting. In line with the theory, we find that the exogenous introduction of the punishment mechanism significantly increases trustworthiness, and to a lesser extent also trust. However, in the third game the majority of subjects vote against it: subjects seem to be unable to endogenously adopt an institution which, when exogenously imposed, proves to be efficiency enhancing.

Background: Care coordination is defined as good communication between professionals to enable access to services based on need. Aims: To explore patients' experience of care coordination in order to inform current debates on how best to coordinate care and deliver services in end-of-life for patients with lung cancer and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A qualitative study involving serial interviews was performed in 18 patients recruited from three hospital outpatient clinics situated in a hospital. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed thematically. Results: Data comprised 38 interviews. Patients experiencing services related to lung cancer reported good access enabled by the involvement of a keyworker. This contrasted with COPD patients' experiences of services. The keyworker coordinated care between and within clinical settings, referred patients to community palliative care services, helped them with financial issues, and provided support. Conclusions: For patients with lung cancer, the keyworker's role augmented access to various services and enabled care based on their needs. The experiences of patients with COPD highlight the importance of providing a keyworker for this group of patients in both secondary and primary care.

This working paper critically analyses the coordination between the African Union (AU) and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) towards achievement of continental integration. The AU and RECs have a common goal of achieving regional integration. However, little progress has been made, and one of the challenges and criticisms of the institutions’ efforts towards achieving the African Integration Agenda, is poor coordination. The paper examines the AU and RECs’ structures and role as regional integration bodies. Then, the research discusses and evaluates the regulatory frameworks governing coordination; the coordination mechanisms employed; and the principles governing coordination between the institutions. The research asserts that efficient coordination and harmonisation between the AU and RECs is essential to accelerate achievement of the continental integration agenda.

Social life offers innumerable instances in which trust relations involve multiple agents. In an experiment, we study a new setting called Collective Trust Game where there are multiple trustees, who may have an incentive to coordinate their actions. Trustworthiness has also a strategic motivation, and the trusters' decision depends upon their beliefs about the predominant convention with regard to trustworthiness. In this respect, the Collective Trust Games offers a richer pattern of behavior than dyadic games. We report that the levels of trustworthiness are almost thirty percentage points higher when strategic motivations are present rather than not. Higher levels of trustworthiness also led to higher levels of trust. Moreover, strategic motives appear as a major drive for trustees, comparable in size to positive reciprocity, and more important than concerns for equality.

Social norms of cooperation are studied under several forms of communication. In an experiment, strangers could make public statements before playing a prisoner’s dilemma. The interaction was repeated indefinitely, which generated multiple equilibria. Communication could be used as a tool to either signal intentions to coordinate on Pareto-superior outcomes, to deceive others, or to credibly commit to actions. Some forms of communication did not promote the incidence of efficient Nash play, and sometimes reduced it. Surprisingly, cooperation suffered when subjects could publicly commit to actions.

Purpose Although service research typically asserts that institutions coordinate actors’ value creation processes, institutions and resources are not necessarily transparent, aligned, or pre-existing. This paper aims to develop a more granular perspective on how actors coordinate for value. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the established concepts of signaling and screening theory, this paper adopts a service marketing perspective to explore how independent heterogeneous actors coordinate for value creation at the individual level. Illustrative cases of corporate startup collaborations are presented in support of the proposed conceptual framework. Findings Actors share and acquire information through signaling and screening activities in a coordinative dialogue with other actors. These resource integration activities (for resource creation and matching) affect actors’ valuations and future actions. Originality/value The one-sided explanations of coordination in the existing literature reflect the dominance of the institutional theory. By contrast, the proposed agency-oriented perspective based on the integration of signaling and screening functions offers a more granular conceptualization of the resource integration process. As well as capturing how actors use coordinating dialogue to match resources and institutions, this account also shows that matching is a core element of resource integration rather than an antecedent. The findings indicate paths for future research that focus on the actor.

This paper aims to assess current theoretical findings on the origin of coordination by salience and suggests a way to clarify the existing framework. The main concern is to reveal how different coordination mechanisms rely on specific epistemic aspects of reasoning. The paper highlights the fact that basic epistemic assumptions of theories diverge in a way that makes them essentially distinctive. Consequently, recommendations and predictions of the traditional views of coordination by salience are, in principle, based on the processes related to the agent’s presumptions regarding the cognitive abilities of a co-player. This finding implies that we should consider these theories as complementary, and not competitive, explanations of the same phenomenon.

We consider a start-up firm which applies for a bank loan to implement a project based on complementary activities. The firm has the possibility to improve the complementarity effect by coordinating the activities. Coordination is costly and can be made either by using internal human resources or by hiring a consulting firm. In the former case the choice of coordination is not verifiable by the bank and a moral hazard problem arises, while in the latter information is symmetric. The role of consulting services is thus to mitigate the informational problem. Without consulting, the firm does not coordinate and either obtains no funding or the surplus of the project is not maximized.

Models of governance of higher education in large and heterogeneous countries with numerous universities significantly differ from approaches to coordinating universities in unitary states. The research literature still lacks in-depth analysis of these differences. At the same time, achievement of national goals for the higher education’s development in federal countries requires an effective model for the distribution of responsibilities between government’s federal and regional levels. The paper studies the structure of a model of federal-regional relations in higher education in the Russian Federation. For this purpose, I consider the history and preconditions for shaping the model of federalism in higher education. Additionally, I examine the present balance of federal and regional powers in governance of higher education. The article analyses the structure of federalism in higher education in the Russian Federation in comparison with eight countries characterised by heterogeneous regional higher education systems. The study’s results have shown that Russian model of federalism in higher education remains one of the most centralised among comparable countries. Budget and tax policies are the prerogatives of the federal government, as the regions have limited opportunities to influence the development of universities, including restrictions on co-financing the federal universities. The model of governance of higher education in Russia is based on the principle of “pragmatic” federalism. This principle implies that the balance of federal-regional relations should solve specific problems facing the country in general, not individual regions. Based on the analysis, the paper suggests directions for changing the balance of federal-regional relations in higher education. They involve the expansion of the principle of subsidiarity between levels of government, with the preservation of the majority of powers at the federal level. Governance of regional higher education systems should enable concentration of federal and regional resources on certain university programs and development projects.

When a disaster occurs, the single agent does not have complete knowledge about the circumstances of the disaster. Therefore, the rescue agents should coordinate with each other to perform their allocated tasks efficiently. However, the task allocation process among rescue agents is a complex problem, which is NP-complete problem, and determining the rescue agents that will perform the tasks efficiently is the main problem, which is called the winner determination problem (WDP). This paper proposed an enhanced approach to improve rescue agents’ tasks allocation processes for WDP in reverse combinatorial auctions. The main objective of the proposed approach is to determine the winning bids that will perform the corresponding tasks with minimum cost. The task allocation problem in this paper was transformed into a two-dimensional array, and then the proposed approach was applied to it. The main contribution of the proposed approach is to shorten the search space size to determine the winners and allocate the corresponding tasks for a combination of agents (i.e., more than two agents). The proposed approach was compared to the genetic algorithm regarding the execution time, and the results showed good performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Due to the sudden surge of orders, it is difficult for suppliers with a limited capacity to ensure that all orders are delivered in time and all the products are qualified. Suppliers are likely to put more limited capacity into completing orders, thus ignoring the quality of products. This will easily lead to the occurrence of product quality events, and then affect the goodwill of enterprise products. The innovations of this paper are as follows: first, based on the above facts, a negative and dynamic correlation between the delivery level and the quality level is established, which has been involved in previous studies. Second, the joint decision model of timely delivery, product quality, and marketing is constructed. Thirdly, centralized decision-making is the best way of supply chain cooperation, and cost sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain. This paper provides guidance for enterprise managers when making decisions on quality, marketing and delivery. It also provides the basis for enterprise managers to formulate effective cooperation models. We can draw some research implications: when consumers are less sensitive to timely delivery, enterprises should give some coupons and small gifts to consumers in exchange for the extension of delivery time and put their limited capacity into improving the product quality. When consumers are highly sensitive to timely delivery, they can outsource some orders to cost-effective and professional third-party enterprises, which not only improves the delivery rate but also improves the product quality.

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in grassroots healthcare and are essential for achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. While there is a critical shortage of essential health workers in low- and middle-income countries, WHO and international partners have reached a consensus on the need to expand and strengthen CHW programmes as a key element in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The COVID-19 pandemic has further revealed that emerging health challenges require quick local responses such as those utilizing CHWs. This is the second paper of our 11-paper supplement, “Community health workers at the dawn of a new era”. Our objective here is to highlight questions, challenges, and strategies for stakeholders to consider while planning the introduction, expansion, or strengthening of a large-scale CHW programme and the complex array of coordination and partnerships that need to be considered.MethodsThe authors draw on the outcomes of discussions during key consultations with various government leaders and experts from across policy, implementation, research, and development organizations in which the authors have engaged in the past decade. These include global consultations on CHWs and global forums on human resources for health (HRH) conferences between 2010 and 2014 (Montreux, Bangkok, Recife, Washington DC). They also build on the authors’ direct involvement with the Global Health Workforce Alliance.ResultsWeak health systems, poor planning, lack of coordination, and failed partnerships have produced lacklustre CHW programmes in countries. This paper highlights the three issues that are generally agreed as being critical to the long-term effectiveness of national CHW programmes—planning, coordination, and partnerships. Mechanisms are available in many countries such as the UHC2030 (formerly International Health Partnership), country coordinating mechanisms (CCMs), and those focusing on the health workforce such as the national Human Resources for Health Observatory and the Country Coordination and Facilitation (CCF) initiatives introduced by the Global Health Workforce Alliance.ConclusionIt is imperative to integrate CHW initiatives into formal health systems. Multidimensional interventions and multisectoral partnerships are required to holistically address the challenges at national and local levels, thereby ensuring synergy among the actions of partners and stakeholders. In order to establish robust and institutionalized processes, coordination is required to provide a workable platform and conducive environment, engaging all partners and stakeholders to yield tangible results.

The analysis of references in the literature provides the methods of experts’ evaluations, surveys, questionnaires, laboratories, computer and motor tests for evaluation of CMAs (Coordination Motor Abilities), technical skills and other characteristics, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The subjects of this study were the athletes of playing sports events: basketball players, volleyball players, handball players and footballers, athletes involved in single combats (Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling, kickboxing, tae kwon do), acrobats of different age, sex, period of sports experience and skill level. The author of this paper was a tutor of more than 10 dissertations in this field. In this paper we discuss main aspects of coordination training in sport., The Conference is organized by the Faculty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Georgian State Teaching University of Physical Education and Sport

Many manufacturers and retailers have already opened online stores to sell their products. Thus, manufacturers are competing as sellers, and retailers are transforming into dual-channel retailers (DCRs). Such an expansion in business scope and the wide spread of lenient return policies trigger tremendous return volume that requires great deal of logistical efforts. The service levels offered within online stores greatly affect channels’ demand. However, they also influence the channel choice of return for online customers, if applicable, when their purchases are unsatisfactory. Therefore, this paper studies the optimal service level for a centralized DCR. In addition, it examines the optimal levels for a decentralized two-echelon system through the implementation of Nash and Stackelberg theoretical frameworks. Important properties of optimal solutions and vital managerial insights have been devised through analytical and sensitivity analysis. It is found that a DCR may have the following tradeoff: decrease service level to increase the reward from the physical store or increase service level to enhance competitiveness of the online store. The optimal decision depends greatly on how sensitive the customers’ return behavior is to service level. In addition, as the exogenous price increases, the change in the retailer’s offered level depends significantly on the different rates of return.

This paper aims to establish a degree of existence of Hayek’s idea of governmental assembly in the Centre of Government (CoG), which is not only the technical, administrative support for the Prime Minister but has also a regulatory-coordinative, policy role. This paper’s focus is on CoG that is along with the classical tasks of the Prime Minister’s cabinet dedicated to systemic performance. Having this in mind a request was sent by the National Council of the Republic of Slovenia to other parliaments of the EU member states and Switzerland through the ECPRD net to gain information on the effectiveness of national CoGs and/or Prime Minister’s cabinets vis-à-vis their systemic arrangement. Results show the presence of effectiveness, efficiency, economy, and ethics of legislation in countries, but they are not systemic in the eyes of system theory. Countries need to strengthen the inter-agency collaboration, systemic assessment of the effectiveness of general decisions in the real-time dimension, they need to check the relevancy of agency’s reasons for a draft bill, there could be some performance indicators and possibilities to measure citizen satisfaction.

In a transition to 100% renewable energy, public regulation has to deal with, among other issues, price efficiency, security of supply, and the transition from sector based fossil fuel systems to sector integrated smart energy systems based on energy conservation and renewable energy. Most studies and practical policies only focus on building “green incentives” into the money flows. There is less research focus on the importance of citizen and consumer ownership models in the green energy transition process. This is problematic, as different ownership models have different influences on price efficiency as well as the ability of the smart energy system to integrate large amounts of fluctuating energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze citizen and consumer ownership models both with regard to their influence on consumer prices and their capability to handle the multitude of coordination tasks in a transition from sector based to integrated smart energy systems. A consumer ownership model has positive potentials both in terms of maintaining low energy prices and securing low coordination transaction costs in smart energy systems. The realization of these positive potentials is dependent on the concrete institutional context and public regulation in which a given ownership construction is embedded. In a transition to 100% renewable energy, public regulation has to deal with, among other issues, price efficiency, security of supply, and the transition from sector based fossil fuel systems to sector integrated smart energy systems based on energy conservation and renewable energy. Most studies and practical policies only focus on building “green incentives” into the money flows. There is less research focus on the importance of citizen and consumer ownership models in the green energy transition process. This is problematic, as different ownership models have different influences on price efficiency as well as the ability of the smart energy system to integrate large amounts of fluctuating energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze citizen and consumer ownership models both with regard to their influence on consumer prices and their capability to handle the multitude of coordination tasks in a transition from sector based to integrated smart energy systems. A consumer ownership model has positive potentials both in terms of maintaining low energy prices and securing low coordination transaction costs in smart energy systems. The realization of these positive potentials is dependent on the concrete institutional context and public regulation in which a given ownership construction is embedded.

This paper explores the use of bound forms in coordination constructions and ʔijjā and ʔijja in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Jordanian Arabic (JA), respectively. Using the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2005) as a theoretical framework, the paper proposes that the use of bound forms in such constructions is ruled by a Phonetic-Form constraint that prohibits cliticization of a bound form onto another bound form, i.e. the combination of two bound forms does not result in a free form; hence it is blocked. The paper demonstrates that the use of ʔijjā and ʔijja in MSA and JA, respectively, is a direct consequence of this constraint, so that ʔijjā/ʔijja is a Phonetic-Form object used to serve as a lexical host of bound forms (cf. Fassi Fehri 1993). The use of ʔijjā/ʔijja is also shown to be prosodically ruled; it is prosodically dependent so that ʔijjā/ ʔijja should be a member of the prosodic unit which also includes the preceding word.

Admittedly, organized interests are a relevant element in shaping national industrial relations systems. This paper, however, focuses on the functions of the state as a factor limiting or enhancing the ability of social actors to participate in the design of these national systems. It compares the role of the state in Norway and Spain as far as regulation and coordination are concerned. The coordination function is compared at two different levels: bipartite cooperation and tripartite cooperation seeking to understand how coordination at the upper level might influence the lower level. Regulation is then compared in its effects on the interactions among the parties and their autonomy as the fundamental principle of industrial relations. Sin duda alguna, los intereses de clase son un elemento fundamental en la configuración de los sistemas nacionales de relaciones industriales. Este artículo, sin embargo, adopta la perspectiva de las funciones del estado como factor que limita o refuerza la capacidad de los actores sociales para participar en el diseño de los respectivos sistemas nacionales. El estudio compara el papel del estado en Noruega y en España en lo que se refiere a regulación y coordinación. La coordinación se compara a dos niveles diferentes: la coordinación bipartita y la coordinación tripartita con el fin de entender de que manera la coordinación en el nivel superior influye en el nivel inferior. A continuación, se comparan los efectos de la regulación sobre las relaciones entre las partes y su autonomía como principio fundamental de las relaciones laborales. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3210650

Objectives: this paper aims to analyze boundary-crossing strategies, henceforth BCS, a complex and relatively new coordination trend in public administration. To do so, we investigated how three prioritized coordination policies from different sectors were designed and implemented in Brazil. Methods: following a literature review on BCS, the paper employs content analysis of the programs’ legislation and government white papers. To understand how the programs actually functioned, we interviewed key government stakeholders. Results: they suggest that two macro policies incorporated most of the boundary-crossing features in their formal design and, more importantly, implementation processes. However, the degree to which these characteristics are present varies according to the research focus or the interviewee’s position. Conclusions: main findings of BCS strategy are that policy effectiveness and continuity depend on the consensus of different stakeholders about policy goals; the empowerment of leaders; adoption of new coordination instruments; and continuing policy prioritization. Finally, by exploring the adaptation of an international trend to the Brazilian public administration context, the paper shows crucial insights for innovation in terms of policy coordination and implementation. RESUMO Objetivos: este artigo tem como objetivo analisar estratégias de gerenciamento transversal, também denominadas em inglês de boundaries crossing strategies (BCS), uma tendência de coordenação complexa e relativamente nova na administração pública. Para isso, investigamos como, no Brasil, foram elaboradas e implementadas três políticas prioritárias de coordenação em diferentes setores. Métodos: após uma revisão de literatura sobre BCS, o artigo emprega análise de conteúdo da legislação dos programas e documentos oficiais do governo. Para entender como os programas realmente funcionavam, entrevistamos importantes gerentes e dirigentes. Resultados: sugerem que duas das macropolíticas analisadas incorporaram a maioria dos recursos das estratégias de gerenciamento transversal em seus processos de elaboração formal e, mais importante, de implementação. O grau em que essas características estão presentes, no entanto, varia de acordo com o foco do objeto da pesquisa ou com a posição do ator envolvido. Conclusões: as estratégias de BCS demonstram que a eficácia e a continuidade das políticas dependem do consenso de diferentes partes interessadas sobre os objetivos das políticas; o empoderamento dos líderes; adoção de novos instrumentos de coordenação; e contínua priorização. Por fim, ao explorar a adaptação de uma tendência internacional ao contexto da administração pública brasileira, o artigo traz percepções cruciais para a inovação em termos de coordenação e implementação de políticas públicas.

Im Zuge der Flüchtlingskrise sind in Deutschland zahlreiche Vollzugs- und Koordinationsprobleme im Bereich der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik zu Tage getreten und es kam zu einer partiellen Überforderung des politisch-administrativen Systems. Eine wesentliche Ursache für die beobachteten Defizite liegt in Problemen der Verwaltungsverflechtung (Überflechtung, Unterflechtung, Koordinationsmängel). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird Verwaltungsverflechtung als ein "missing link" der Föderalismusforschung adressiert und als konzeptioneller Rahmen für die Analyse des Verwaltungshandelns in einer Krisensituation zugrunde gelegt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die gegebenen Kompetenzzuordnungen im Bundesstaat und das Prinzip des Verwaltungsföderalismus zu erheblichen Schnittstellenproblemen geführt haben, die die sektoren- und ebenenübergreifende Koordination erschwerten und Defizite im Verwaltungsvollzug nach sich zogen. Dadurch sind die potenziell mit Verflechtungsstrukturen verbundenen Kooperations- und Koordinationsvorteile bei der Bewältigung der Flüchtlingskrise nur bedingt eingetreten. Stattdessen haben sich in bestimmten Bereichen eher Verflechtungsnachteile ergeben wie Intransparenz, Doppelarbeiten und fehlende Verantwortung für den Gesamtprozess. Auf der Grundlage einer Analyse der Verwaltungsverflechtungen werden mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen wie Entflechtung, Neu-Verflechtung bzw. die Optimierung bestehender Verflechtungsstrukturen diskutiert. In the course of the refugee crisis, numerous implementation and coordination problems in the area of migration and integration policy have come to light in Germany, and the politico-administrative system has been partially overstretched. One of the main reasons for the observed deficits lies in problems of inter-administrative relations. This paper addresses inter-administrative relations (Verwaltungsverflechtung) as a "missing link" in federalism research and uses it as a conceptual framework for analyzing administrative action in a crisis-situation. The empirical results show that the given allocation of competencies in the federal state and the principle of administrative federalism have led to considerable interface problems that have made cross-sectoral and cross-level coordination more difficult and have resulted in deficits in administrative enforcement. As a result, the cooperation and coordination benefits potentially associated with inter-administrative (multilevel and/or multi-sector) structures have materialized only to a limited extent in dealing with the refugee crisis. Instead, disadvantages of (overly or insufficiently) integrated inter-administrative structures have emerged, such as intransparency, duplication of work, and lack of accountability for the overall process. Finally, possible countermeasures and recommendations are discussed, such as institutional unbundling, integration/re-bundling and the modernization of existing inter-administrative settings.

Hybrid AC/DC microgrid clusters are key building blocks of smart grid to support sustainable and resilient urban power systems. In microgrid clusters, the subgrid load-priorities and power quality requirements for different areas vary significantly. To realize optimal power exchanges among microgrid clusters, this paper proposes a decentralized self-optimizing power control scheme for interlinking converters (ILC) of hybrid microgrid clusters. A priority-driven optimal power exchange model of ILCs is built considering the priorities and capacities in subgrids. The optimization objective is to minimize the total DC-voltage/AC-frequency state deviations of subgrids. To realize the decentralized power flow control, an optimal-oriented quasi-droop control strategy of ILCs is introduced to not only achieve a flexible self-optimizing power flow management, but also provide an ancillary function of voltage support. Consequently, as each of ILCs only monitors the local AC-side frequency and DC-side voltage signals, the whole optimal power control of the wide-area microgrid clusters is achieved in a decentralized manner without any communication link. Thus, the proposed control algorithm has the features of decreased cost, increased scalability, reduced geographic restrictions and high resilience in terms of communication faults. Finally, the proposed method is validated by case studies with four interconnected microgrids through hardware-in-loop tests.

Measurement realism, the view that measurement targets quantitative attributes and that not all attributes are quantitative, has come under attack both from metrologists and philosophers. In this paper, I take a close look at two influential arguments against measurement realism: the argument from obsolescence and the argument from coordination. I concede that these arguments do challenge the epistemological position traditionally taken by measurement realists, but argue that the metaphysical core of measurement realism survives the challenge posed by these arguments. This metaphysical core is vital to maintaining a clear and ambitious standard for successful measurement.

Organising effective policy coordination has become a key principle of EU policymaking in recent decades. Within the European Commission, interservice consultations (ISCs) play an important role to coordinate between the different directorate-generals. In spite of this importance, ISCs have so far not been analysed in a systematic way. This paper addresses this gap by systematically analysing the numbers, types and content of comments made in ISCs around climate change adaptation. Our analysis shows that ISCs were primarily used to provide substantive comments, related to problem analyses, objectives or instruments, as well as to strengthen or weaken connections with policy efforts in adjacent domains. Institutional comments, related to mandates or resources, proved rare. Moreover, we find that the types of comments given in ISCs are mediated by institutional factors that shape the temporal dynamics of policy processes. Rather than reflecting the ideal types of ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ coordination, the overall pattern of policy coordination in the ISCs typifies an in-between form of ‘incremental policy coordination.’.

Agenda setting determines whether and how topics are discussed and voted in parliament. Many parliaments delegate this task to a specific body charged with coordinating parliamentary business. However, we know little about the composition and powers of these “coordination committees” (CC). This paper maps the existence, composition, and institutional powers of coordination committees across 31 European parliaments. It shows that CCs exist in most parliaments and have a relatively similar composition, usually including the president of parliament, their deputies, and party group representatives, but vary strongly in their agenda-setting powers. Exploring whether this variation is related to the functional need for coordination, we find limited evidence that larger sizes of parliaments and higher ideological polarization between parties are associated with stronger coordination committees. In terms of this HSR Special Issue, we show that CCs as horizontal collective actors exist even in a hierarchical organization such as a parliament and have relevant, albeit variable, resources., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 3 (2023)

Постановка задачи: активное использование информационной сферы в ходе конфликтов в специальной сфере актуализирует вопросы повышения эффективности использования соответствующих информационно-телекоммуникационных систем в интересах обеспечения информационного превосходства. Общая гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что данное повышение обеспечивается посредством реализации механизмов динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в составе информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения за счет получения синергетического эффекта, что обеспечит достижение информационного превосходства в информационном конфликте. Целью работы является разработка метода развязывания взаимодействий при динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в составе информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения в ходе информационного конфликта. Используемые методы: элементы теории координации и теории управления. Новизна: элементами новизны представленного метода являются учет динамики изменения условий протекания информационного конфликта во времени посредством введения множества моментов времени в цикле управления основными (базовыми) силам и средствами, в которые осуществляется распределение или перераспределение устройств телекоммуникаций стороны 2 между подсистемами наблюдения и воздействия стороны 1, а также формализация допустимых стратегий распределения устройств телекоммуникаций с учетом необходимых и достаточных условий оптимальности управления. Результат: использование разработанного метода позволяет реализовать механизм динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в составе информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения. Практическая значимость: использование разработанного метода в качестве общего теоретического подхода при решении задач динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия позволяет сформировать две частные методики, которые отражают частные условия его применения, а именно наличие или отсутствие информации о характеристиках устройств телекоммуникаций противостоящей стороны., Relevance. The active use of the information during conflicts in a special sphere actualizes the issues of increasing the efficiency of the use of the relevant infocommunication systems in the interests of ensuring information superiority. The general hypothesis of the study is that this increase is provided through the implementation of the mechanisms of dynamic coordination of monitoring and impact subsystems as part of a infocommunication system of special-purpose due to a synergistic effect, which will ensure the achievement of information superiority in the information conflict The aim of this paper is the development the uncoupling method of dynamic coordination of monitoring and impact subsystems as part of a infocommunication system of special-purpose during an information conflict. Methods. Elements of coordination theory and control theory. Novelty. The elements of novelty of the presented method are taking into account the dynamics of changes in the conditions of the information conflict in time by introducing a set of time points in the control cycle of the main (basic) forces and means, in which the distribution or redistribution of telecommunications devices of side 2 is carried out between monitoring and impact subsystems of side 1, as well as formalization of admissible strategies for the distribution of telecommunications devices, taking into account the necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimality of control. Result. The use of the developed method makes it possible to implement the mechanism of dynamic coordination of monitoring and impact subsystems as part infocommunication system of a special-purpose. Practical significance. the use of the developed method as a general theoretical approach in solving the problems of dynamic coordination of monitoring and impact subsystems makes it possible to form two particular methodics that reflect the particular conditions for its application, namely the presence or absence of information about the characteristics of the opposing side's telecommunications devices.

Постановка задачи: работа является продолжением и развитием проводимого исследования, гипотеза которого состоит в том, что повышение эффективности использования информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения в информационном конфликте обеспечивается посредством реализации механизмов динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в ее составе за счет получения синергетического эффекта, что обеспечит достижение информационного превосходства в информационном конфликте. Целью работы является разработка метода оценки взаимодействий при динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в составе информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения в ходе информационного конфликта. Используемые методы: элементы теории множеств, теории координации и теории управления. Новизна: элементом новизны метода определение в каждый момент времени диапазонов изменения множеств обнаруженных устройств телекоммуникаций, распределенных подсистемам наблюдения и воздействия, при этом конкретные устройства, которые передаются между подсистемами наблюдения и воздействия, выбираются данными подсистемами в том числе с учетом собственных расчетов. Результат: использование разработанного метода позволяет реализовать механизм динамической координации подсистем наблюдения и воздействия в составе информационно-телекоммуникационной системы специального назначения. Практическая значимость: реализация разработанного метода в качестве общетеоретического подхода при синтезе программных продуктов в составе математического обеспечения информационной подсистемы позволит перейти от эмпирического порядка распределения и перераспределения устройств телекоммуникаций между подсистемами наблюдения и воздействия к строго формализованному описанию процесса динамической координации данных подсистем., Relevance. The work is an extension and development of the ongoing research, the hypothesis of which is that the increase in the efficiency of using a infocommunication system of special-purpose in an information conflict is ensured through the implementation of mechanisms for dynamic coordination of the monitoring and impact subsystems in its composition due to a synergistic effect, which will ensure the achievement of information superiority in the information conflict. The aim of this paper is the development of interaction evaluation method in the dynamic coordination of monitoring and impact subsystems as part of infocommunication system of a special-purpose during an information conflict. Methods. Elements of set theory, coordination theory and control theory. Novelty. An element of the novelty of the method is the determination in each moment of time of the ranges of changes in the sets of detected telecommunications devices distributed for monitoring and impact subsystems, while specific devices that are transmitted between the subsystems of monitoring and influence are selected by these subsystems, including taking into account their own calculations. Result. The use of the developed method makes it possible to implement the mechanism of dynamic coordination of the monitoring and impact subsystems as part of infocommunication system of special-purpose. Practical significance. the implementation of the developed method as a general theoretical approach in the synthesis of software products as part of the mathematical software of the information subsystem will allow us to move from the empirical order of distribution and redistribution of telecommunications devices between the subsystems of monitoring and impact to a strictly formalized description of the process of dynamic coordination of these subsystems.

The European continent faces an apocalyptic pandemic that poses mortal danger to millions of citizens. This paper seeks to address the role played by European public policy in addressing the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, each Member State across Europe is applying its own measures to deal with the coronavirus; namely, decentralised decision-making that could trigger political tensions among the states. The paper argues that European public policy must change rapidly and fundamentally if these tensions are to be successfully managed; otherwise, such policy might simply cease to exist. Moreover, the known and notorious problem of collective action, information asymmetries, irrationality, negative externalities and the related free-riding phenomenon persistently are distorting the Member States’ combined efforts, resulting in deficient attempts to contain the spread of Covid-19. The paper also argues that the current unprecedented outbreak of this superspreading virus calls for a bigger EU-wide coordinated response. We argue that the Covid-19 pandemic is a good example of an area in which the central EU level holds a comparative advantage over lower levels of government. In addition, the paper offers several substantive insights into ways to improve the public policy response in the ‘war’ against Covid-19.

Each day, airlines face disturbances that disrupt their carefully planned operations. Events like adverse weather conditions, sick crew members, or damaged aircraft often result in delays in the airline's schedule. An airline recovers from such disruptions through the role played by its Airline Operations Control (AOC). A Multi-Agent System (MAS) approach to airline disruption management was recently proposed under the acronym MASDIMA (Multi-Agent System for Disruption Management in AOC). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this MAS supported AOC approach on its performance and its practical introduction. This is done using a scenario-based analysis to compare the MAS supported policy to human-team based AOC policies. A task-based analysis identifies how well AOC is able to cover a set of tasks using the MAS supported policy. The scenario-based analysis shows that the MAS supported AOC is able to find the optimal solution, and to do this significantly faster. The task-based analysis identified two main challenges for implementing the MAS supported AOC policy: i) to overcome the loss of experience that is caused by significantly automating humans roles in AOC, and ii) to reduce the workload for people that remain in AOC after its introduction. The paper concludes that implementing the MAS supported AOC policy leads to both better and faster resolutions, though the replacement of human roles also poses novel challenges that remain to be resolved: a potential increase in workload for the remaining human role and loss of experience in handling exceptional situations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been developed since the upcoming of Information Technologies beginning in the 1950s. With rising computing power, the discussion of AI usefulness has been refuelled by new powerful algorithms and, in particular, the availability of the internet as a vast resource of unstructured data. This gives hope to construction management in particular, since construction projects are recently becoming larger and more complex, i.e. encompassing more and more participants focusing on diverging interests while the given frames of time and budget are getting tighter. Finally, construction management is used to establish an efficient organisation of all these issues and able to predict the result with a high degree of precision and certainty. This could be accomplished by the human mind when projects were smaller, but with the recent development human mind is clearly pushed to its limits. On this background, the possible support of AI to organisational tasks needs to be investigated on a theoretical level prior to developing tools. This paper is the extended version of the article ‘Artificial Intelligence in Construction Management – a Perspective’, presented at the Creative Construction Conference 2019 where the algorithmic and entropic scope of AI is investigated in the context of construction management. However, efficient organisation is about restructuring systems into a set of well-separated subsystems, where human intelligence is required to bring in mainly two higher principles which AI fails to provide: the ability to prioritise and creativity allowing for new approaches not derived from given data. This paper additionally focuses on the aspect of in-situ coordination. This service is an aspect of organisation which is not separable and can therefore only be treated as self-determined subsystem, located outside of hierarchical control. At this point algorithms of AI need to be investigated not so much as to substitute human mind but to provide significant support.

The aim of the paper is to reflect upon the dilemma or whether the EU will continue the integration process in the Western Balkans or backlash on regional cooperation instruments and initiatives within the framework of the Western Balkans. The Regional Economic Area (REA) is analyzed as the more recent policy of the European Union for the remaining Balkan countries. It is crucial to analyze the idea behind REA, starting from two main assumptions: first, the creation of REA stemmed from EU internal challenges; and second, REA came up as a creative EU approach in efforts to find a specific model for reforms in the Western Balkans in the frame of regional institutions. The paper also discusses regional trade and specifically the role of the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) in coordinating these initiatives in the Western Balkans. Taking into consideration the EU current challenges as well as difficulties of the Western Balkan countries to overcome the political and economic problems, then regional cooperation could appear as an alternative to the EU integration process for the Western Balkans. The main conclusion of this paper is that the Western Balkans needs the EU’s direct support, in particular, since RCC and other regional instruments cannot enforce, support and monitor the initiatives and reforms in the region.

The control and coordination of design and technological innovation pose a dilemma for design-driven organizations because the measurability of design and technological innovation differ. On one hand, a product's aesthetic value might increase if its design is separated from technological innovation and if design is controlled by means other than those used in technological innovation. On the other hand, tight integration is warranted because a product's design affects its cost, technical performance, and manufacturability. This dilemma is the focus of the paper. The paper contributes to extant literature in several ways. First, it conceptualizes control as a process that manages design and technological innovation through distinct, separate control mechanisms. Second, it analyzes and develops three modes of convergence through which the potentially contradictory concerns of design and technological development can be compared and evaluated. Finally, the paper suggests that coordination can be achieved through convergence processes that unfold and develop over time.

Industry 4.0 technologies, sustainability, and coordination are gaining more importance in today's competitive business environment. Motivated by these trends, our research problem is to analyze the effects of Industry 4.0 technologies and coordination on the sustainability of supply chains. We consider two supply chains with three stages. The first one uses classic methods to manufacture and distribute the products, whereas the second one uses Industry 4.0 technologies. Whether the supply chain invests in Industry 4.0 technologies or not and the investment level affect its economic, environmental, and social sustainability. We develop Nash bargaining based revenue-sharing contracts for coordinating the supply chains. The results indicate that even though a more coordinated classic supply chain can dominate the decentralized Industry 4.0 chain in terms of market demand and profitability, coordination is not enough for the classic supply chain to be considered sustainable. Moreover, although a decentralized Industry 4.0 supply chain has efforts in all three sustainability dimensions, its overall sustainability is not guaranteed based on the thresholds determined by the decision maker. On the other hand, when a supply chain uses the advantages of Industry 4.0 technologies in conjunction with coordination, this chain leads the market in terms of overall sustainability. This result shows the joint importance of Industry 4.0 technologies and coordination on the sustainability of a supply chain. Furthermore, as consumers become more sensitive to buy sustainable products, the supply chains are encouraged to invest in sustainability initiatives and Industry 4.0 technologies more, leading to a more sustainable world. © 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers 2019-20-D2-B09 The author would like to thank the editor and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the paper. This work was supported by Doğuş University [Scientific Research Project, Code: 2019-20-D2-B09 ].

The practice of, and research on interprofessional working in healthcare, commonly referred to as teamwork, has been growing rapidly. This has attracted international policy support flowing from the growing belief that patient safety and quality of care can only be achieved through the collective effort of the multiple professionals caring for a given patient. Despite the increasing policy support, the evidence for effectiveness lags behind: while there are supporting analytic epidemiological studies, few reliable intervention studies have been published and so we have yet to confirm a causal link. We argue that this lag in evidence development may be because interprofessional terms (e.g. teamwork, collaboration) remain conceptually unclear, with no common terminology or definitions, making it difficult to distinguish interventions from each other. In this paper, we examine published studies from the last decade in order to elicit current usage of terms related to interprofessional working; and, in so doing, undertake an initial empirical validation of an existing conceptual framework by mapping its four categories (teamwork, collaboration, coordination and networking) against the descriptions of interprofessional interventions in the included studies. We searched Medline and Embase for papers describing interprofessional interventions using a standard approach. We independently screened papers and classified these under set categories following a thematic approach. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Twenty papers met our inclusion criteria. Identified interprofessional work interventions fall into a range, from looser to tighter links between members. Definitions are inconsistently and inadequately applied. We found the framework to be a helpful and practical tool for classifying such interventions more consistently. Our analysis enabled us to scrutinise the original dimensions of the framework, confirm their usefulness and consistency, and reveal new sub-categories. We propose a slightly revised typology and a classification tool (InterPACT) for future validation, with four mutually exclusive categories: teamwork, collaboration, coordination and networking. Consistent use, further examination and refinement of the new typology and tool may lead to greater clarity in definition and design of interventions. This should support the development of a reliable and coherent evidence base on interventions to promote interprofessional working in health and social care.

IF=1.46; International audience; This paper describes a new approach to analyse the way both hands are placed in relation to the steering wheel. The study is based on a 2D-tracking task, in which the stimulus is a steering wheel angle signal recorded while driving on 7 road geometries in real situations at 30 km/h. Hand movements are measured using a 3D-motion capture system. Data analysis is based on the segmentation of the hand angular position using 8 fuzzy angle windows (labelled as approximately 0°, approximately 45°, etc.), when the hand rests on the steering wheel, one window, else. To obtain information about the coordination aspect, 9 × 9 bivariate windows are considered for each time sample (recorded at 25 Hz); then, the average membership values are computed for each individual driving situation. The individual membership value sets related to the road geometries are studied via Correspondence Analysis, allowing to displaying both the inter- and intra-individual differences and the most discriminating bivariate windows. The methodology with 9 × 9 windows is more complex but implies less information loss than alternative ones e.g. when the two hands are separately analysed, which constitutes 9 + 9 windows and contains no information about the coordination aspect.

There is an increasing need for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) in industrial environments. The capability of autonomous movement and transportation of items in industrial environments provides a significant increase in productivity and efficiency. This need, coupled with the possibility of controlling groups of heterogeneous robots, simultaneously addresses a wide range of tasks with different characteristics in the same environment, further increasing productivity and efficiency. This paper will present an implementation of a system capable of coordinating a fleet of heterogeneous robots with robustness. The implemented system must be able to plan a safe and efficient path for these different robots. To achieve this task, the TEA* (Time Enhanced A*) graph search algorithm will be used to coordinate the paths of the robots, along with a graph decomposition module that will be used to improve the efficiency and safety of this system. The project was implemented using the ROS framework and the Stage simulator. Results validate the proposed approach since the system was able to coordinate a fleet of robots in various different tests efficiently and safely, given the heterogeneity of the robots. This work is financed by the ERDF - European Regional Development Fund, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisa tion - COMPETE 2020 Programme under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agree ment, within project CrossLog, with reference POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039895 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Coordination is one of the important aspects in the management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya. In its implementation, some problems arise such as the problem of ego-sectoral that becomes one of the obstacles in handling this coordination process. Problems related to coordination also appear in various mass media, this fact shows that the problem of coordination related to Covid-19 handling in Surabaya is a strategic and interesting issue to study. The writing method used in this paper is a literature review to find the formulation of appropriate and effective forms of coordination patterns. The writer also collected Primary data from online discussions to describe the pattern of coordination from the other Local Government Agencies as a form of best practice that might be adopted in Surabaya so that they could build better management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya. The results showed that the pattern of coordination in the management of Covid-19 handling that is initiated by the Surabaya City Government needs some improvement. In vertical coordination, it is necessary to strengthen good coordination between the City Government of Surabaya and the Government of the Province of East Java. For Horizontal coordination, Surabaya Government needs to reinforce the coordination with the city or district government in the surrounding area. These things are necessary because Surabaya is an agglomeration area where there are still many people who do mobility in and out. The conclusion from this study is that there is a need to strengthen coordination patterns both vertically and horizontally with various stakeholders involved in the management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya. At the end of this paper, the researcher also gave a recommendation and trying to show best practices in applying the coordination pattern that has been carried out by other regional governments as a form of illustration that might be able to be adopted to improve Covid-19 handling in Surabaya.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the manufacturing site and network perspectives for the purposes of strategy fulfilment, which has rarely been jointly discussed. By doing this, the site and network perspectives are broken into their constituents and linked to one another. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides qualitative research; it conducts a comprehensive literature review and merges the results with the concept of the quality function deployment to link the relevant dimensions. The developed framework is discussed based on a single case study. Findings The proposed framework relates the network and site perspectives in different dimensions, which range from the strategic dimension to the network and site dimensions. The paper, furthermore, offers the groundwork of developing relationship maps of the site and network capabilities, network configuration and coordination, and the structural and infrastructural dimensions. Research limitations/implications The paper contains a single case study and lacks foundation with a broader data set. Practical implications The results support the decision-making process of the manufacturing network managers who assess, design, and develop their manufacturing networks and attempt to gain transparency by using different levels of analysis. Originality/value The paper is the first attempt to show how the different network and site capabilities contribute to strategy fulfilment, to link the configuration and coordination dimensions of the manufacturing network level, and to link the structural and infrastructural dimensions on the site level. Thus, the authors add to multilevel research in operations management because the authors provide a combined framework for the network- and site-level analysis.

The present paper examines the contexts and consequences of sentence splitting in English, Czech and French translated fiction. In the data extracted from a parallel (multilingual) corpus, we analyze first a language-specific context of sentence splitting (sententialization of non-finite verb forms in translations from English and French into Czech), and second, contexts of splitting occurring in all directions of translation. We conclude that sentence boundaries are usually introduced at the point of a sentence entailing the fewest modifications in the target sentence, especially between two coordinate clauses; and that a systematic sentence splitting, deeply modifying the style of the source text, involves the effect of simplification and normalization.

This paper offers an alternative to existing economic theories of goods, which conceptualize goods as bundles of objective characteristics. We present two cases of Starbucks and Disraeli (1929 film) to show that relevant qualities of goods – along with costs and prices – emerge from the process of economic competition. The properties or characteristics of goods should thus not be taken as given. We extend the idea that economic competition is a discovery procedure beyond the discovery of costs and prices to discovery of qualities offering another way of thinking about quality adjustments through the novel theoretical concept of exemplary goods. Exemplary goods, as we argue, have a coordinative role on markets that is complementary to the role of prices. The paper concludes with implications about the delineation of goods, and the emergence of markets challenging some of the current normative conclusions in the literature.

This paper investigates the extent to which spectrum sharing in mmWave networks with multiple cellular operators is a viable alternative to traditional dedicated spectrum allocation. Specifically, we develop a general mathematical framework by which to characterize the performance gain that can be obtained when spectrum sharing is used, as a function of the underlying beamforming, operator coordination, bandwidth, and infrastructure sharing scenarios. The framework is based on joint beamforming and cell association optimization, with the objective of maximizing the long-term throughput of the users. Our asymptotic and non-asymptotic performance analyses reveal five key points: (1) spectrum sharing with light on-demand intra- and inter-operator coordination is feasible, especially at higher mmWave frequencies (for example, 73 GHz), (2) directional communications at the user equipment substantially alleviate the potential disadvantages of spectrum sharing (such as higher multiuser interference), (3) large numbers of antenna elements can reduce the need for coordination and simplify the implementation of spectrum sharing, (4) while inter-operator coordination can be neglected in the large-antenna regime, intra-operator coordination can still bring gains by balancing the network load, and (5) critical control signals among base stations, operators, and user equipment should be protected from the adverse effects of spectrum sharing, for example by means of exclusive resource allocation. The results of this paper, and their extensions obtained by relaxing some ideal assumptions, can provide important insights for future standardization and spectrum policy., 15 pages. To appear in IEEE JSAC Special Issue on Spectrum Sharing and Aggregation for Future Wireless Networks

Prosody has been used as evidence that sometimes coordination in fact involve ellipsis and constitute coordinations between larger constituents that the surface word order suggests (e.g. in Wagner 2005, 2010 and Wu 2021). Wu (2021) reports prosodic evidence that the position of 'either' in a sentence correlates with the size of elided constituents, and concludes that sentences in which 'either' appears to be placed 'too high' always involve ellipsis, as predicted by Schwarz (1999). This paper takes a fresh look at prosody to test the alternative hypothesis that sentences with 'either' often involve syntactic alternative projection. A crucial step will be to control for a potential confound with a stripping parse of certain sentences.

The purpose of this online repository is to openly share all stimuli used for the experiments and recorded data for the paper titled "Signals through music and dance: Perceived social bonds and formidability on collective movement". For implementing the stimuli for research or enquiries, reach via email at mu301hl@gold.ac.uk

Derived measurements involve problems of coordination. Conducting them often requires detailed theoretical assumptions about their target, while such assumptions can lack sources of evidence that are independent from these very measurements. In this paper, I defend two claims about problems of coordination. I motivate both by a novel case study on a central measurement problem in the history of physical geodesy: the determination of the earth's ellipticity. First, I argue that the severity of problems of coordination varies according to scientists' predictive and experimental control over perturbations of the measurement process. Second, I identify a methodology by which scientists can solve hard problems of coordination and gradually increase their predictive control over perturbations. I dub this methodology 'operational pluralism' since it is driven by the introduction of alternative measurement operations that involve different physical indicators.

Published 2019 This paper addresses the implications of the emergence of distributed energy resources (DERs) for competition in the electricity distribution systems. The regulations on industry structures in place today were designed in an era characterized by centralized resources and relatively price inelastic demand. In light of the decentralization of the power sector, regulators and policy makers must carefully reconsider how industry structure at the distribution level affects competition, market development, and cost efficiency. We analyze the economic characteristics of distribution network owners and operators, DER owners, and aggregators and retailers. We translate the foundational theories in industrial organization and the lessons learned during the previous wave of power system restructuring to the modern context to provide insight into three questions. First, should distribution system operations be separated from distribution network ownership in order to ensure the neutrality of the DSO role? Second, should DNOs be allowed to own and operate DERs, or should DER ownership be left exclusively to competitive actors? Third, does the emergence of DERs necessitate a reconsideration of the role of competition in the provision of aggregation services such as retailing? This paper is the first part of a two-part series on competition and coordination in rapidly evolving electricity distribution systems.