1. The potential of decarbonising rice and wheat by incorporating carbon capture, utilisation and storage into fertiliser production
- Author
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Andrew Smallbone, Abigail González-Díaz, L. Jiang, and Anthony Paul Roskilly
- Subjects
020209 energy ,Supply chain ,food and beverages ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rice milk ,chemistry ,Oil production ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Production (economics) ,Environmental science ,Enhanced oil recovery ,Life-cycle assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of rice and wheat and their supply chains by incorporating carbon capture, utilisation and storage into fertiliser production mainly from the ammonia process, which is a part of the fertiliser that produces most of the carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gas emissions of these grains without carbon capture, utilisation and storage are provided from the results of life cycle assessment in the literature. After that, carbon dioxide emission from fertiliser production is quantified. The alternative considered for utilisation is enhanced oil recovery and it is compared with the conventional way of oil production. The effects of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage on greenhouse gas reduction are presented in terms of the supply chains of rice and wheat to make people conscious about the use and optimisation of food. The reduction of greenhouse gas is around 6–7% in the rice supply chain e.g. rice milk, spoons of uncooked rice and 14–16% in the wheat supply chain e.g. pasta, one slice of bread. Although the alternative for carbon dioxide storage demonstrates marginally higher greenhouse gas reduction, enhanced oil recovery may offer an economic incentive from additional oil production that could reduce the cost of rice and wheat.
- Published
- 2020