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Aim – to study the features of VEGF, VEGFR-2 and CD31, CD105 immunohistochemical expression in the cerebral cortex in diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and methods. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies of the brain tissue section material were performed in 3 groups of observations: group I – control without DM and cerebrovascular pathology, group II – died with dyscirculatory-ischemic encephalopathy (DIE), group III – died with DM type 2. Results. Increased expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 was found both in dyscirculatory-ischemic encephalopathy and in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (VEGF in the control group – 0.337 (0.232; 0.617) %, in the group with DIE – 0.713 (0.438); 1.304) %, in the group with diabetes mellitus type 2 – 1.003 (0.699; 1.631) %; VEGFR-2 in the group of control – 0.916 (0.550; 1.56) %, in the group with DIE – 1,238 (0.76; 1.61) %, in the group with DM type 2 – 1.15 (0.58; 1.784) %. There is direct correlation between the level of expression of CD105 and VEGFR-2: r = 0.31 for diabetes type 2. The distribution density of microvessels significantly increases in the group with DM type 2. Significant increase in expression of CD105 in the group with DM type 2 (0.434 (0.265; 0.741) %) was found, compared with the group of control (0.346 (0.263; 0.46) %). There are direct correlations between CD31 and CD105 expression in DIE (r = 0,41) and in the group with DM type 2 (r = 0,39, P < 0.05). Conclusions. Angiogenesis is activated in the cerebral cortex in diabetes type 2, which may be due to the activation of the transcription factor HIF-1a.

Background. Neoangiogenesis provides trophic support for neoplastic cells, thus being an integral part of carcinogenesis. However, the features of neoangiogenesis in the most common distal colonic polyps and carcinoma are not completely studied yet. Objective. To compare VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, CD34 expression levels in distal colonic polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies of biopsies of distal colonic polyps from 30 patients and surgical material of colorectal adenocarcinoma from 40 patients were carried out. Results. Distal colonic polyps are characterized by medium and low levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and CD34 expression. Wherein, VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 expression levels in adenomas are significantly higher than the same indicators in hyperplastic polyps: 25,51 (15,25 ; 30,19) vs. 12,82 (10,85 ; 15,00) CUOD and 47,18 (42,02 ; 62,13) vs. 37,08 (30,19 ; 45,12) CUOD, accordingly, p < 0,05. Comparative analysis of the data, obtained for distal colonic polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma of the I stage shows significant difference between these groups by indicators of VEGF-A expression level and microvascular density, evaluated by CD34 expression. So, VEGF-A expression level in carcinoma of the I stage significantly higher the same indicator in adenomas and hyperplastic polyps: 37,80 (30,22; 56,89) vs. 25,51 (15,25 ; 30,19) CUOD and 37,80 (30,22; 56,89) vs. 12,82 (10,85 ; 15,00) CUOD, accordingly, p < 0,05. Microvascular density is significantly higher in non-invasive cancer in comparison to the polyps: 91,50 (51,00; 111,00) vs. 47,00 (33,00 ; 54,00) (adenomas) and 91,50 (51,00; 111,00) vs. 46,00 (30,00 ; 55,00) (hyperplastic polyps), p < 0,05. Conclusion. Adenomas in comparison to hyperplastic polyps are differ by significantly higher VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 expression levels, while colorectal adenocarcinoma of the I stage in comparison to distal colonic polyps differs by significantly higher VEGF-A and CD34 expression expression levels. Activation of neoangiogenesis occurs at the stage of transformation of distal colon polyps into non-invasive cancer.