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The article focuses on the growing role and importance of socially responsible business behavior. This is associated with a number of factors, such as the increasing ethical consciousness of society, the growing impact of business on the environment and people’s lives, and intensified competition in the market. It is noted that socially responsible business behavior involves respect for human rights, environmental protection, investment in human capital, and the fight against corruption. The purpose of the article is to explore and substantiate the ways to stimulate business towards socially responsible and respect human rights in the economic sphere. This goal is realized in the article by solving the following research tasks: the author analyzes the concept and essence of socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in international legal documents; defines the basic principles of socially responsible business behavior; studies the factors influencing the incentives for business towards socially responsible behavior; and develops and substantiates a complex of measures to stimulate business towards socially responsible behavior and respect for human rights. The author explores the role of business in society and the need to take into account social and ethical aspects in its activities. The author analyzes the impact of socially responsible behavior of business entities on economic development and positive impact on society as a whole. The expected results of the proposed measures are determined. The general conclusion of the article is that socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in the economic sphere are important components of sustainable development in modern society. Specific recommendations are proposed for enterprises to engage in these processes and maximize their social impact. The results of this study can be used to develop and implement state policy in the field of stimulating socially responsible business behavior, as well as for self-improvement of business entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Ukrainian businesses have been forced to make decisions to relocate their production and other facilities to safer regions of Ukraine or abroad. First of all, the relocation of business is directly related to the consequences of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation (one of the types of economically dangerous events). It should be noted that Ukraine currently lacks a unified state policy on the relocation of business entities under the influence of economically dangerous events. This causes additional difficulties both for the business itself (business does not understand the direction of this policy) and for the state (due to the lack of a strategic vision). The article aims at defining the purpose of the State policy in the area of relocation of business entities under the influence of economically dangerous events and the basic principles of this policy. These are the principles on which the State policy is based and which ensure its effectiveness. The principles of the State policy in the field of relocation of economic entities under the influence of economically hazardous events are based on the principles of the State regulatory policy in the field of economic activity, which are most relevant. As a result of the study, the author defines the purpose of the state policy in the field of relocation of business entities under the influence of economically hazardous events, namely: to facilitate the continuity of economic activity under the influence of economically hazardous events by relocating production and other facilities to safer regions of Ukraine For the first time, the author outlines the main principles of the state policy in the field of relocation of economic entities under the influence of economically dangerous events: universal (expediency, adequacy, efficiency, timeliness, efficiency, balance, predictability, planning and forecasting, scientific support, transparency and openness, availability of state support); special (validity, security, integration, competition (ensuring a competitive component), promotion of territorial development, social responsibility). Each of these principles was also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern information society, the study of social aspects in the economic behavior of information users is becoming more and more relevant. With the deepening of the use of social networks, the development of a global community and the increase of access to information, the importance of understanding social factors in economic processes becomes an extremely important issue that cannot be ignored. Decisions made at the level of individuals, groups, business entities or society as a whole have a decisive influence on the formation of not only consumer behavior and habits, but also on economic trends and business development. Disclosure of social aspects is an important component for understanding modern economic realities and forecasting future directions of development. As a result of the research, the key factors that determine people's decisions in the economic sphere and their influence on the processes of management decision-making in business were identified and analyzed. These findings help to better understand possible changes in the economic environment and their possible consequences for society as a whole. The research results open up new opportunities for analyzing and forecasting economic trends, and also provide valuable information for developing management strategies and making effective economic decisions.

The article argues that it is expedient to change the approach to the perception of business processes, their analysis and optimization in the context of widespread implementation of information technologies at enterprises. First of all, this requires the use of modelling methods as one of the areas of business process management and can be implemented in the relevant software. Such business process modelling is the process of reflecting a subjective vision of the workflow in the form of a formal model consisting of interdependent operations. Based on a comparison of the features and mechanisms for implementing methods of graphical modelling business processes, the author grouped them, which allowed us to identify, in our opinion, the most modern solutions for modelling business processes, namely, the BPMN and ARIS methods. In particular, the BPMN method is considered to be special in its visual representation of business processes, i.e., it effectively reflects processes at various enterprises using specific symbols and notations that correspond to the complexities of modern business activities. The BPMN graphical style simplifies complex relationships, making it easier to understand processes. For its part, the ARIS method is associated with graphical modeling, performance analysis, integration into other systems, document standardization, change management, and the ability to automate business tasks. Particular attention is paid to the issue of designing visual models of business processes in a more convenient digital format with the help of service designers, which is possible through the use of powerful digital platforms. It is noted that the choice of a particular graphical platform depends on several key factors, including the scale of the enterprise, the level of integration with other systems, the availability of training and support, and the complexity of the processes being modelled. Thus, large enterprises are offered powerful tools (platforms) for managing large projects, including opportunities for collaboration, versioning, and support for complex business processes, while small and medium-sized enterprises are offered simpler solutions with high flexibility and quick implementation. It was found that most of the considered digital platforms for modelling business processes of enterprises support the BPMN method. Given the fact that ARIS graphical tools can be presented in the form of workflow diagrams (BPMN), many of the digital platforms can be easily adapted to use the ARIS method, although in direct use ARIS is used on the Creately and ARIS (IDS Scheer) platforms. Thus, the choice of methods and platforms for modelling business processes of enterprises and their use in the context of digitalization has its own characteristics, which is mainly due to the tasks to be achieved.

A unified set of processes for the enrichment forecasting and strategic planning of the enterprises of mechanical restlessness has been proposed based on the algorithm of the functioning of the mechanism for controlling the enrichment renewal process, which is based on the division of the main workers and workers at work places, focusing on activating labor potential, health care provision of a system of rich coordination of individual actions and functions The industrial-state sector of mechanical engineering has a focus on achieving an integral economic effect in material and intellectual production. The model of rich forecasting of the economy has been expanded and implemented, focusing on the specifics of machine-building enterprises based on the parameters of updating the capacity of their capital and the inclusion of dialectical interaction between the two meant: options for strategic directness of machine-building enterprises and informed forecasts of the reaction of the rich medium to these processes. The purpose of this article is to develop the methodology for managing the renewal of capital in machine-building enterprises based on a vicarious storage system. Scientific novelty and practical value. The model of structure formation in a rich creative process has been proposed for the upstream and downstream directions in order to introduce control over the totality of parameters for the renewal of capital in the machine industry. The algorithm was developed for the formation of an integral economic effect of renewing the capital’s capacity, which is based on the very parameters of the generation potential and external officials, which allows us to create a single a system for optimal management of the manufacturing process and to ensure the expansion of the fixed capital renewal of machinery and equipment enterprises by optimizing the strategic management process.

Recent years have been characterized by significant fluctuations in the economy due to the influence of external factors, such as the pandemic, which significantly affected the economy of Ukraine, and the full-scale invasion of Russia. Value added tax is an essential part of the state budget revenues, which was also subject to constant changes under the influence of these circumstances. During this period, both business practices and legislative initiatives underwent significant changes. The article analyzes revenues to the state budget over the past five years, identifies important components in the structure of filling the state budget, and defines the value added tax as the main revenue part of the state. The tax under study directly depends on external and internal factors that affect the economy and the state in general, and a large number of changes occur due to the pressure of such factors on the functioning of the state and citizens who conduct their activities both in the middle of the country and with foreign counterparties. The latest changes regarding the procedure for registration of VAT payers, changes in VAT rates, both in the general and simplified taxation systems, in relation to VAT benefits, VAT in export and import transactions, the application of fines for violation of VAT legislation, as well as the preparation of tax returns were considered. invoices and tax declaration with VAT. It is taken into account that each country independently regulates the legislation on the tax burden, taking into account the peculiarities of its economic situation, therefore the experience of other countries is taken into account. It was emphasized that the reform of the taxation system should ensure not only an increase in revenues to the state budget, but also should be acceptable to citizens as direct tax payers.

A healthy lifestyle encourages people to regularly eat more fruits and nuts, including nutritious snack bars, which provide excellent nutritional and energy value and are exceptional convenience foods with the necessary content of macro- and microelements, dietary fibre and biologically active compounds. The article analyses and proves the usefulness of fruits and nuts, which have a positive impact on human health in snack bars. The consumption of nuts demonstrates a positive effect on health, preventing and/or creating a therapeutic effect on a person by reducing some risk factors associated with chronic diseases. The simulation, which reflects the structure of the population's diet, when all snacks between meals, with the exception of drinks, were replaced by nuts, records a significant decrease in added sugar (-17.8 %), solid fats (-21.0 %), saturated fat (-6.6 %) and sodium (-12.3 %), and an increase in monounsaturated (+35.4 %) and polyunsaturated fats (+42.0 %), vegetable omega-3 fatty acids (+53.1 %), dietary fibre (+11.1 %), magnesium (+29.9 %) and a slight increase in potassium (+1.5 %). The available scientific evidence shows that nut consumption (15 to 30 g per week for 3 to 16 weeks) does not provide additional health benefits for children aged 8 to 18 years, but replacing high-calorie, low-nutrient snacks with nuts can help to promote healthy dietary habits as children grow into adults. A survey of 188 respondents (39.3 % male, 60.7 % female) was conducted to investigate the attitudes of Ukrainian youth towards nut consumption and preferences for snack bar flavours. While protein bars can be considered a speciality food for consumers seeking to increase muscle mass, snack bars based on nuts and dried fruits are seen as snacks with an overall positive impact on the body. When eating, a person has a certain sequence of chemosensory sensations that influence the aesthetic pleasure of eating certain dishes, and the taste preferences of respondents show that the most desirable aroma and taste is chocolate (39.3 %), followed by hazelnut (32.8 %) and strawberry (13.1 %). The least desirable flavours for consumers are blueberry (2.6 %), cereal (2.0 %) and banana (2.0 %). In addition to attention to the vitamin content (44.3 %), respondents are interested in the absence of chemical additives (27.9 %) and sugar (16.4 %) in snack bars. Despite the scientifically proven positive effects of antioxidants and dietary fibre on the human body, only 1.6 % of respondents consider their presence to be a determining factor in choosing a food product. Based on the study conducted by the authors, it was found that using a mixture of nuts and dried fruit for snacking creates a balance between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, provides the body with essential vitamins and is desirable for consumption. Snack bars containing nuts and dried fruits are organoleptically the most desirable for consumers and may be useful in preventing a number of diseases. This study can be used to make managerial decisions in the production of healthy food products.

The article analyzes the impact of TNCs on the economic growth of developing countries. The study used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method and method of data systematization. The information base of the study is based on scientific works of foreign and Ukrainian authors, statistical information of UNCTAD, and data from Internet resources. The geographical structure of TNCs’ activities is determined. It is found that today the largest number of TNCs among developing countries is concentrated in India and China. The positive and negative consequences of the impact of TNCs on the economies of developing countries and their social sphere are highlighted. The geographical distribution of foreign direct investment is analyzed in the context of the impact of TNC financial resources on developing countries. Foreign direct investment is a catalyst for the economic growth of developing countries, which is confirmed by the experience of a number of countries which have recently demonstrated high positive dynamics of their economic indicators and significant structural transformation in the modern course of their economies. The most striking examples in this regard are such countries as China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and others. The article suggests promising areas for strengthening the positive impact of TNCs on developing countries. The practical value of the article is that the recommendations set forth in it can be used by the management of TNCs and the government of developing countries.

In recent decades, rapid economic development has significantly affected the state of the planet. Globalization, increased consumption and overpopulation have led to complex economic, environmental and social problems. The depletion of natural resources and the consequences of environmental disasters indicate that traditional methods of production, resource use and waste management are no longer effective and harm the environment and humanity. To solve these problems, it is necessary to change the direction of development of modern society to one that would correspond to the provisions of the concept of sustainable development. One of the directions of implementation of the concept of sustainable development is the transition from the outdated model of the «linear economy», where raw materials are used once, and waste is thrown away, to the model of the «circular economy». The purpose of the study is to outline the role of accounting and analytical support in the management of circular economy enterprises. The countries of the European Union are global leaders in the direction of the implementation of the circular economy, developing the appropriate legal framework and successfully applying these principles in practice. This model is good for the environment and economic development. The main idea of the circular economy is to minimize waste, reuse resources, reduce the negative impact on the environment and increase production efficiency. In the conditions of European integration, Ukrainian enterprises should take into account the experience of the EU in the circular economy to ensure sustainable development and increase competitiveness. Although this transformation poses many requirements and challenges to enterprises, they can be overcome with the help of the development of accounting and economic analysis as the main tools of information support for management decision-making. Accounting and economic analysis play a key role in the implementation of the circular economy in the company’s activities, which is due to a combination of reasons: monitoring of resources, assessment of the impact on financial results, current management and creation of optimization strategies, disclosure of information.

ESG reporting has become a critical component of corporate transparency, driven by growing stakeholder demands and changing regulatory requirements. The article identifies critical problems, including the need for standardized reporting systems, the complexity of data collection, and the diversity of regulatory and legal acts in different countries. In addition, the article examines the theoretical foundations of ESG reporting: stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and signaling theory. The theoretical foundations emphasize the importance of aligning corporate practices with the expectations of a wide range of stakeholders. The paper examines industry practices and geographic differences in ESG reporting practices, highlighting how different sectors and regions prioritize different aspects of ESG performance. Despite the challenges, the paper argues that the future of ESG reporting is promising. The spread of ESG reporting practices depends on the support of global initiatives to harmonize reporting standards and the growing recognition of the importance of sustainable development. By addressing these challenges, companies can improve their ESG performance, contribute to sustainable development, and strengthen stakeholder relationships. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of ESG reporting and offers insight into its future direction. The research was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine within the framework of the project «Development of a Mechanism for Sustainable Development of Economic Systems in the Conditions of Military Actions and Post-War Economic Recovery» (registration number 0124U000463).

The article presents the results of a study of the interaction peculiarities between the public and private sectors in the field of space exploration in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to identify five key weaknesses and strengths of the Ukrainian space industry, which are a catalyst or inhibitor of further successful development of the industry. It is established that Ukraine has taken several necessary steps to implement a system of relations between the private and public sectors in space exploration. The authors identify five key weaknesses and strengths in the development of the Ukrainian space industry: 1) Russia’s war against Ukraine; 2) lack of a systemic vision for the development of Ukraine’s space industry; 3) legal unregulated interaction between the public and private sectors in space exploration; 4) the unviability of the existing model of stakeholder interaction in space exploration; 5) vested interests and the functioning of financial-political groups. It was noted that, in addition to significant shortcomings, Ukraine’s domestic space industry has a few advantages. And as is often the case, strengths stem from weaknesses: 1) availability of qualified personnel; 2) existence of national space legislation; 3) investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian market; 4) Russia’s war against Ukraine; 5) space brand of Ukraine. It is substantiated that understanding the strengths and weaknesses on the way to implementing an effective model of relations in the triangle “state – business – academic environment” is a prerequisite for reviving Ukraine’s space potential and strengthening its competitiveness on the world scene.

The article analyzes the scientific literature, which shows the slow interest of the domestic scientific community of public managers in the principles of good governance, which, from the moment of our accession to the EU, will become a guide to the lives of not only civil servants, but also all citizens of Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to justify the category «principle of good governance» and conceptual improvement of the modern world system of principles of good governance. The article motivates to understand the principles of good governance as the basic starting points of the functioning and construction of permanent relationships of institutions of public authority, civil society and people-citizens as free individuals in the process of managing political, economic, social and environmental processes of a democratic society for its long-term sustainable development. The theoretical basis of the research is already formed knowledge in the field of management, public administration, public (state) finance, national security, etc. The research methodology is based on the application of general philosophical and general scientific methods, as well as special methods of learning phenomena and processes within the framework of public administration in general and proper governance. Based on the consistent development and analysis of the principles of good governance formed by the UN, the EU, the Council of Europe and the OECD in different years over the past 25 years, it is proposed to develop the existing system of principles of good governance SIGMA (2023) in part of clusters 2 «Development and Coordination of Policies» and 6 «Management Public Finances», as well as the introduction of their new cluster 7 «Human Centrism in Public Administration and Public Policy». The practical implementation of the proposed 8 principles of good governance will contribute to: achieving a balance of stability and flexibility of state administration, strengthening the vector direction on the path to the realization of the goals of sustainable development, defining landmarks in achieving a wide range of security goals, focusing on historical traditions and cultural diversity as the foundation of any of any nation, the concentration of public management efforts on the main end user of public services – man. Continuation of the started research is appropriate.

The article examines the methods of assessing losses due to war. The focus is on two fundamental approaches in valuation: cost and market. Each approach involves different evaluation methods, which are considered through the prism of their practical application, advantages, and limitations. Cost methods are beneficial for determining compensation for damage and destruction of assets, as they include all costs necessary to restore the lost function of the asset. The market value method determines the current market value of damaged assets, which is relevant for the valuation of residential and commercial buildings. The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to internationally recognized valuation standards to ensure fair and reasonable compensation. Regardless of the legal mechanisms to obtain financial compensation, the assessment process must be transparent and consistent. This quality characteristics is particularly important in international legal institutions, where compensation claims must be admissible to national and international bodies. The results of the study emphasize the relevance of using appropriate assessment methods for developing effective strategies for post-conflict recovery and making informed decisions about allocating resources and planning reconstruction activities.

The article is devoted to capital investments as an object of financial controlling. The purpose of the article is to evaluate theoretical approaches to the determination of capital investments, to analyze the dynamics of capital investment indicators in the country as a prerequisite for identifying the influence of external and internal environmental factors on the investment activity of enterprises, and to justify the need to implement financial controlling tools by business entities. It was determined that consideration of capital investments as an object of financial controlling is considered fragmentary by modern scientists, while the study of investments within the framework of controlling the entire investment activity of enterprises is quite common. Specific features of capital investment as an object of financial controlling are singled out, namely: 1) capital investment is the investment of capital with a predetermined goal - its increase; 2) capital investment is a long-term investment of capital; 3) capital investments have different forms, types and sources of financing; 4) making effective capital investments at the enterprise is a sign of its long-term financial stability; 5) the adequacy and effectiveness of capital investments determines the investment activity of individual enterprises and the state. It is substantiated that the significance of the study of capital investments as an object of financial controlling is due to their importance for ensuring the long-term financial stability of business entities (at the micro level) and ensuring the normal reproductive process of the country's fixed capital (at the macro level). At the same time, the development of market relations determines the transformation of scientific approaches to the essence, forms, methods and principles of capital investments, which determines the need for innovative management technologies, which is the financial controlling system. The conducted financial analysis based on a set of indicators (amounts of capital investments in tangible assets by their types; main types of economic activity, indices of capital investments by types of activity, the impact of the amount of capital investments on the volume of GDP) made it possible to reveal the influence of external factors (political, economic, social, scientific and technological) and internal (production-technical, financial, organizational-management) environment on the investment activity of business entities. Awareness of the negative impact of external and internal environmental factors on the investment activity of enterprises in recent years requires the search for new adaptive management technologies aimed at restoring the level of investment activity, including with the help of the tools of the financial controlling system. Prospects for further scientific research should be linked to the modelling of the system of financial controlling of capital investments at enterprises.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of big data in improving the efficiency of enterprise financial management. In today’s business environment, ensuring corporate finance management requires integrating big data, artificial intelligence, and other advanced technologies to analyze and predict financial risks. Digitalization is becoming an essential element for achieving strategic advantage. The article aims to study the role of big data in corporate financial management and the potential limitations of its use. The main tasks are to analyze the sources of big data and existing technological solutions, evaluate the effectiveness of relevant solutions in reducing financial risks, and develop recommendations for their integration into the financial management of companies. The methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature were used to study the impact of technology on financial risk management and to assess the effectiveness of technological solutions. The study showed that integrating big data technologies into corporate financial management significantly increases the efficiency of risk management. Advanced analysis methods allow for more accurate forecasting of financial risks, reducing their impact on the operations of companies. Implementing automated systems also helps reduce human errors and increase operational efficiency. Big data integration is essential to ensure the financial security of enterprises in today’s environment. Despite its many benefits, implementing these technologies faces technical complexity, cybersecurity, and financial constraints. To maximise the potential of technology, it is important to combine it with expert human judgement and ensure an integrated approach to financial risk management.

The pension system of Ukraine has three levels, the third level of which is represented by non-state pension funds (NPF) with different structures: corporate, professional and open. The article deals with the last ones listed because they are available to all citizens of Ukraine. After the pension reform of 2003, as a result of which the three-tier structure of the pension system arose, changes in it were mainly carried out in the first level – the solidarity system of mandatory state pension insurance, and there were many attempts to introduce the second level – mandatory accumulative pensions. Currently, only the first level is working and the third level of the system is being formed. The article analyzes the profitability assessment process of several large open non-state pension funds in Ukraine, constructs econometric models of changes in the value of units of pension assets of these funds, and conducts a comparative analysis of the dynamics of these units. It was shown that the approach of assessing the efficiency and profitability of pension funds by determining the net value of a unit of pension assets fully corresponds to the economic and financial principles of their creation and operation. The authors proposed regression equations that allow monitoring the change in the net value of pension assets for the four largest open pension funds over a certain period of time. This will allow more objective selection of NPF for investment. The effectiveness of these funds over time intervals of different durations was examined and it was established that even taking into account the crises, they allow obtaining a certain real yield. The analysis of the coefficients of nominal income, real income and profitability of the NPF made it possible to prove that the funds overcome the influence of inflation in most cases. This article is a continuation of previous work in which the profitability of the studied non-state pension funds with reinvestment of the amount of the tax credit, inflation and exchange rates was evaluated.

Passenger transportation plays a critical role in ensuring efficient functioning of the economy, as it provides labour mobility, access to markets, cultural, and social services, and promotes the development of international tourism and social integration. Thus, the purpose of the research was to analyse methodological foundations of the functioning of the passenger transportation market and to assess the war impact on the condition and development of air, bus, and rail passenger transportation. With the help of the bibliographic method, key scientific papers have been analysed in the article to study the theoretical foundation and identify problematic issues, calling for improvement and development. Using the generalisation method, leading organisations, ensuring the functioning of the passenger transportation market, have been identified and summarised, and the general principles of its functioning have been formulated. Using comparative and grouping methods, methodological approaches to air, bus, and rail passenger transportation in the context of economic, regulatory, technological, ecological, and social foundations have been proposed. The necessary prerequisites for the effective functioning of the passenger transportation market have been determined by grouping the most significant aspects, such as liberalisation and competition, state regulation and standardisation, investments and innovations, as well as effective cooperation between stakeholders in the field of passenger transportation. Using tabular and graphical methods, the war impact on air, bus, and rail passenger transportation has been considered through the lens of the caused damage, the amount of destruction, and the necessary restoration and reduction of passenger traffic. The peculiarities of enterprise operation in wartime have been identified with the emphasis on strategically important features of functioning and development, and patterns in passenger transportation have been revealed with the help of the content analysis method. The results of the research can be useful for specialists in the field of passenger transportation and tourism when analysing the passenger transportation market, forming strategies, and considering development trends

An increasing number of tourists face risks and unforeseen situations while travelling: the limited availability of insurance products, deficiencies in risk coverage, and the failure to meet individual needs make relevant the issue of insurance in the international tourism business. The purpose of the article was to analyse current problems in the field of insurance at the international level and to highlight possible ways to solve them, as well as to determine the prospects for the development of this segment aimed at ensuring maximum safety and convenience for tourists. The article examines the state and prospects for the development of the international market of travel insurance services. With the application of the analysis method, a thorough review of the shortcomings in the activities of insurance companies was carried out, which made it possible to clearly determine the level of importance and provide practical recommendations for their solution. The abstract-logical method was applied to make conclusions based on the study of policyholders’ behaviour, their tendency to risk, and the choice of insurance products. The increase in the volume of tourist trips in the world is accompanied by the increase in appropriate insurance. It causes insurance companies and tour operators a number of problems, such as insufficient adaptation of insurance products to the needs and risks of tourists, limited geographical coverage, and complex registration and compensation procedures. However, there are also prospects for the development: new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, which can contribute to the automation and facilitation of insurance processes. Expanding geographic coverage and adapting insurance products to the specific needs of tourists can also ensure the growth of the insurance market in international tourism. The practical value of the conducted research is determined by the development of recommendations for international insurance companies aimed at overcoming problems and reducing risks in the field of travel insurance, both for representatives of the insurance business and for travellers

Financial literacy as a key element of ensuring sustainability and stability of economic systems is becoming important in the process of economic development. Financial literacy contributes to improving the well-being of citizens and the efficiency of financial resource management at the macro level. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop models for evaluating the effectiveness of various financial literacy strategies and their impact on the formation of life projects. A complex of scientific methods, including the analysis of statistical data and modelling of financial behaviour, was used to create a strategic model of financial literacy as a concept of a life project. A methodological approach, encompassing the decomposition of the stages of a person’s life and the identification of the peculiarities, connected with the use of money at each of these stages, was implemented in the research. Approaches to financial literacy focused on various forms of interaction with financial resources were suggested, and effective strategies for improving financial literacy were identified. The concept of financial literacy was examined and specified through the lens of knowledge, skills, and confidence for making responsible financial decisions. The advantages and disadvantages of developing financial literacy in Ukraine were identified, and examples of successful strategies of leading countries were provided. The importance of financial education at different stages of a person’s life was substantiated; the key periods of a person’s life and development, when money can act as earnings, expenses, accumulation, preservation, and transfer, were specified. The assessment of the influence of financial literacy on economic behaviour was carried out, and a life project model that takes into account financial decisions and actions was developed. Monetary models of preservation and accumulation of parental income, pocket money, and earnings from employment were considered in detail. The results of this study can be applied in practice when creating a state strategy aimed at increasing the level of financial literacy of the population and ensuring economic security

Violations of customs regulations by subjects of foreign economic activity and the smuggling of goods are pressing issues for the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the article was to investigate the main causes of smuggling and to develop ways to prevent violations of customs regulations. The work analyses the statistics of customs violations and the volumes of smuggling, which are one of the factors in the significant shortfall of tax revenues to the budget. The method of generalisation was used to summarise the results of a survey by the Institute of Economic Research and Policy Consulting of foreign economic activity subjects regarding the impact of “grey import” problems and smuggling on their performance indicators. Using the chronological method and the analysis method, the chronological changes in the objects of smuggling were analysed according to criminal law, which affects the directions of customs authorities’ work in the customs control process. The study summarises the foreign experience of criminal liability for smuggling, indicating more severe punitive measures than in Ukraine. The volumes of cigarette smuggling and the budget revenue losses from such smuggling were analysed using the statistical method. The results of the analysis indicate that the volume of cigarette smuggling in Ukraine is one of the largest in Europe. The causes of smuggling are identified and can be divided into those related to the activities of customs authorities and those related to the legislative and executive bodies of Ukraine. The main ways to counter smuggling and reduce violations of customs regulations are substantiated, which should be systematic and comprehensive and not only involve the control function of customs authorities but also improve the socio-economic development indicators of the state. The practical significance of the results lies in summarising the causes of smuggling and customs regulation violations and developing proposals for their prevention, which can be used in the work of customs authorities and in the implementation of the strategic goals of the National Income Strategy

Mortgage lending has become the most important part of the financial market. The most common use of a mortgage is the purchase of an apartment or a private house on credit by an individual. Given the importance of the chosen topic, the goal of the research is defined as follows: to identify promising directions for the development of mortgage financing using fintech products. The list of fintech products that can be used in the field of mortgage financing to improve the system of managing mortgage loan processes using methods of generalisation and systematisation has been elaborated. It has been discovered that the mortgage lending process provides for the analysis of a borrower’s risks as well as more complex procedures for determining optimal interest rates for mortgage lending. When the analysis of discount rates is taken as a basis, it is necessary to analyse market volatility. These results have been achieved using methods of analysis and systematisation. Fintech tools are increasingly being used to facilitate the work on data analysis in the development of the mortgage lending system, as they enrich the toolkit for ensuring the security of the mortgage financing process both at the level of financial institutions and state regulation. The peculiarities of using fintech tools have been identified. Main trends and risks of the development of modern mortgage financing using the concretisation method have also been discovered. The possibilities of using fintech tools in the field of mortgage financing have been determined; in particular, an approach to creating a technical task of using fintech tools for further development of mortgage financing has been created. The author’s approach will be of practical significance for both financial institutions providing mortgage financing and mortgage market regulators to minimise risks in the system of providing mortgage loans

Small business branding is a relatively under-researched field, and available research largely excludes the African region. As a result, the brand development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets is a topical issue. The aim of this study was to analyse whether brand development factors such as brand barriers, brand characteristics, perceived advantage, and brand perceptions are perceived by owners/managers as having a positive effect on retail SME brand development. A cross-sectional survey method was used to obtain data from 265 owners/managers of SMEs in South Africa using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling, with the results showing that brand barriers, brand characteristics, and brand perceptions have a significant positive effect on brand development, while the effect of perceived advantage was found to be insignificant. It is recommended that SME owners/managers invest more resources in brand development efforts and management develop better attitudes towards branding, as the study revealed that owner/manager perceptions of the brand and the branding process have the biggest impact on brand development. Further, SMEs are encouraged to find innovative ways to engage in brand development, considering that brand barriers do not seem to particularly affect a firm’s ability to engage in brand development. This study contributes towards an understanding of SME brand development in emerging markets, hence SMEs in these markets can benefit from its findings. The practical findings of this study should be of interest to SME owners/managers, as they carry the responsibility for the SME brand development process

Purpose. The goal of the study was to assess trends in providing food security with a special emphasis on efficiency of the local fisheries and offer evidence-based improvements, which can improve resource management and protect disadvantaged population in the Maldives from nutrition insecurity aggravated by strong import dependency. Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of this study was a set of modern qualitative economic and quantitative mathematical methods including factor analyses, econometric and optimisation modelling. This approach ensured holistic research and reasonable recommendations on providing food security and maintaining efficient fisheries management compared to international experience and intrinsic aspects that determine a fish catch and consumption in the Maldives. Results. The conclusions of the paper relate to the further development of fisheries to combat the identified negative trends in domestic fish consumption and an unstable fish catch by atoll in the Maldives. The conducted factor analysis detected relationships between a fish catch, fishing trips, engaged vessels, fish species, and fishing methods. The study findings proved the optimal locations where it is advisable to establish additional fish storages and ice plants taking into account indicators of a poverty rate, a share of children, and a population density. The research conclusions allow the authors to state that the outlined scientific proposals can essentially improve food security in the Maldives, which is threatened by land shortage and overpopulation. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work is in presenting a clarified picture of challenges that Maldivian fishermen face nowadays. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of weaknesses in fisheries management and the proposals of areas of potential growth that are crucial for ensuring food security not only on poor islands but for the whole country. Practical value / implications. The main practical value of the research results is the development of recommendations for increasing fish catch and organising post-harvest processing, which are vital for the Maldivian fishery, as it is the country's main export sector. In addition, the study contributes to food security in the Maldives through proposed interventions aimed at supporting the most disadvantaged populations in the scattered atolls.

Purpose. The purpose of our article is to research and forecast prices for agricultural products using the example of potato prices based on the most effective models using data science techniques. Methodology / approach. Various forecasting models are explored, starting from baseline models like decomposition and exponential smoothing models to more advanced techniques such as ARIMA, SARIMA, as well as deep learning models including neural network. The data is split into training and testing sets, and models are validated using cross-validation techniques and optimised through hyperparameter tuning. Model performance is evaluated using metrics such as MAE, MSE, RMSE, and MAPE. The selected model is then used to generate future price forecasts, with uncertainty quantified through confidence intervals. Results. The study successfully applied advanced data science techniques to forecast potato prices, leveraging a range of effective models. By analysing historical price data and using various forecasting methods, the research identified the most accurate models for predicting future price trends. The results demonstrate that the selected models can provide reliable forecasts. In particular, the results showed that the model could achieve good forecast results when applied to real problems and, thus, can be effectively used for forecasting tasks especially considering seasonality. In addition, it should be noted that the model has a higher prediction accuracy at the time intervals closest to the original data. The obtained results support using both models simultaneously for forecasting, which can compensate for the shortcomings of each of them. The models can be used separately, to more accurately predict the values for the required period, or a combination of them is also possible. Originality / scientific novelty. The study’s originality lies in development of methods for effectively accounting for seasonality in agricultural price data, such as using seasonal decomposition techniques or more advanced techniques that combine statistical and data science approaches. The novelty implies the implementation of real-time data processing and forecasting system allows for the timely prediction of price changes, enabling stakeholders to make more informed decisions. Practical value / implications. Forecasting potato prices holds significant practical value for various stakeholders. For farmers, accurate forecasts enable informed decisions on the optimal times to plant, harvest, and sell their crops, thereby optimising their profits. In the supply chain, distributors and retailers can use these forecasts to manage inventory more effectively and plan contracts, reducing waste and avoiding shortages. Policymakers benefit from forecasts by anticipating market fluctuations and stabilising prices, which supports both consumers and producers. For consumers, stable pricing ensures better budgeting and helps avoid sudden price spikes, making essential foods more affordable. Overall, accurate price forecasting enhances market efficiency by reducing uncertainty and aiding investors in managing risk.

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The article analyzes the sources of financial revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine and the use of financial resources in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war. The changes in the structure of revenues were investigated. It is established that tax and non-tax revenues have significantly decreased, and the main sources of funding have become international loans and grants, non-repayable aid, and funds raised through the issuance of military bonds. Taking into account these changes in the sources of state budget revenues, international financial assistance plays a crucial role. The United States, the European Union, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other countries provide Ukraine with significant financial resources that are used to finance defense, social benefits, infrastructure restoration, and other priority areas. The largest share of contributions comes from Anglo-Saxon countries, with the United States providing the most financial assistance, and the European community including the EU's collective institutions, the European Commission and the Council. Among other donors, Japan, the World Bank Group, and the IMF are leading the way. Humanitarian aid is provided by EU member states, the United States, and Japan. About 42 countries have become donors to Ukraine. In terms of military assistance, Ukraine's largest partners are EU member states, EU collective institutions and the European Peace Fund, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway. The government finances security and defense sector expenditures exclusively through its own tax revenues and military bonds. The most significant increase in expenditures is observed in the following items: defense, public order and security, social protection and social security, general government functions, health care, and intergovernmental transfers.

In the current conditions of globalisation of economic relations, it is important to study the impact of economic theories on the formation and development of customs and accounting of international transactions. Dynamic changes in the economic environment require constant analysis and evaluation of the impact of various economic concepts on the practical activities in the field of customs policy and accounting of international transactions. The article provides the in-depth analysis of the impact of various economic theories on the evolution of customs policy and international accounting. To achieve the goal of the article, the methods of system analysis, literature review and synthesis of scientific information were used. The paper provides a systematic review of the main economic concepts, such as mercantilism, the classical school of political economy, neoclassical and modern theories, in the context of their impact on the practical aspects of customs and accounting for international transactions. The results of the analysis indicate that economic theories have had a significant impact on the formation of customs tariffs, the development of international trade relations and the practice of accounting for international transactions in different historical periods. The study shows that different approaches of economic thought play a key role in determining international business strategies and shaping the economic policies of states. The article will help both students and researchers studying economic sciences and international business professionals to expand their knowledge and understand the importance of theoretical approaches in practical use. Takinginto account the diversity of views and concepts covered in the article, it is possible to gain an objective view of the evolution of customs and accounting in the international context and understand their potential impact on the economic development of a country.

The article examines the process of formation and development of the concept of marketing management in modern conditions, taking into account the European experience. The implementation of marketing management at enterprises is presented in the context of the development of modern client-oriented tools, which allows to optimally take into account the various interests of all market participants and achieve economic and social benefits from economic activity at the same time. On the basis of the presented scientific generalization, the main stages of the evolution of the formation and development of marketing management concepts in the leading economically developed countries are determined. In the proposed system, each of the identified stages reflects the evolution of marketing management concepts, where the focus gradually shifts from the product and sales (marketing) to the emphasis on the consumer, relationships and the use of modern information and digital technologies. The presented separate scientific definitions of the concept of «marketing management» by leading foreign scientists made it possible to state that marketing management is a complex and multifaceted process that is the key to the success of an enterprise on the market. It is justified that the current state of research on marketing management issues in Europe is determined by active scientific research in the field of digital marketing, sustainable development, interaction with customers, data analysis, technological innovations and strategic management of marketing processes. The modern trends and directions of the development of the concept of marketing management in Europe are summarized, among which the following are highlighted: digital marketing, marketing of sustainable development (sustainable marketing), customer interaction and CRM, marketing research and analytics, technological innovations and the Internet of things (IoT), consumer behavior and marketing psychology, international marketing, marketing management in e-commerce, etc. Examples of the use of marketing management tools in leading European companies are presented. Actual problems of development of marketing management in the future are identified.

The article is dedicated to analyzing risks in customs business under martial law. The instability of the state's economic, social, and political components leads to an increase in illegal activities, including in customs affairs, which highlights the relevance of this research. The article examines the essence of customs control, customs risk, and the impact of non-compliance with customs legislation. It considers the goals and levels of the risk management system, its importance for national security protection, and the acceleration of foreign trade. Measures to improve customs control through the automated risk management system (ARMS) are described. The research shows that martial law creates favorable conditions for unauthorized import and export of goods, reducing the effectiveness of customs control and causing financial losses due to infrastructure destruction and reduced supply volumes. The article analyzes the main risks that arise during this period, including smuggling risks, decreased customs revenues, dishonest customs officers, destruction of goods, and damage to customs infrastructure. To effectively manage these risks and minimize their consequences, the following measures are proposed: creation of reserve customs posts and customs offices, expansion of their throughput capacity, strengthening information security, insuring cargo, and forming funds by foreign economic activity entities to cover possible losses. Special attention is given to the digitalization of customs procedures, which will help reduce the level of corruption and improve the overall efficiency of customs control.

A qualitative analysis of the constituent elements of the contractual paradigm, which is the result of a neo-institutional analysis of the market environment, requires a systematic approach. The main purpose of the article is to search for new methodological ways to improve the contract paradigm with the use of axiological aspects and the systemic approach of the methodology of traditional institutionalism. The features of the contractual paradigm of the theory of the firm built on the methodological platform of neoclassicism are investigated. A comparative analysis of market contracting with labor contracting in the context of saving on transaction costs is carried out. It is noted that the emphasis in the theory of the firm has shifted to the analysis of the external institutional environment, to the achievement of welfare through the specification of property rights. The importance of the principal-agent model for understanding the neoclassical theory of the firm, which raised the problem of agency relations in the context of separating managerial functions from ownership functions in the context of limited information, is clarified. It is emphasized that the main contribution of Alchian and Demzetz to the contractual paradigm was the formulation of the problem of incentives arising within the firm. Attention is focused on the differences between a conventional market contract and a contract for hire. It is noted that the possibility of sanctioning opportunistic behavior is important for understanding the theory of the firm as a relationship of hire. It is established that specific assets are of particular importance when choosing the form of contract and the appropriate way of organizing the transaction. A systematic approach to the contractual paradigm based on the methodology of traditional institutionalism will allow avoiding the one-sidedness of the principal-agent model, which absolutizes agency relations in the theory of the firm, and avoiding giving primary importance to certain qualitative components of the institutional system, such as transaction costs. The necessity of creating a contract paradigm on the extended methodological platform of neoclassicism and traditional institutionalism, especially in terms of contracts related to labor recruitment, is substantiated; the holism of traditional institutionalism and system analysis can expand the possibilities of specifying human assets and become the basis for studying the opportunistic behavior of an individual in the contract paradigm.

The introduction of regulation of the rate of return in the electronic communications sector is a decisive step towards realizing our country's digital ambitions and harnessing the transformative potential of modern digital technologies. The article justifies the relevance of such a step in the context of Ukraine's commitments regarding domestic electronic harmonization of the communications market with EU requirements, particularly aimed at supporting market stability and enhancing the well-being of end consumers. Based on an examination of international approaches to regulating the rate of return norms of telecommunications companies in developed electronic communications markets, the nature of their influence on investment activity and innovative potential, as well as ensuring access to affordable and quality digital communication tools for the population, is revealed. Possible options for the rate of return regulation are outlined, proposing a hybrid approach that involves applying a combination of approaches to find the right balance between consumer protection and the development of the electronic communications sector in Ukraine. This study utilized general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis as well as induction and deduction to study existing rate-of-return regulation approaches in the electronic communications sector. The application of the method of scientific description made it possible to reveal the main features of regulatory approaches. Scientific generalization methods were also employed to systematize the obtained results and form conclusions regarding the effectiveness and suitability of various profit regulation models in the electronic communications sector for practical implementation in the context of Ukraine's development.

The article proposes an algorithm for restoring the machine-building complex of Ukraine in wartime. Considerable attention was paid to the restoration of capital, taking into account the specifics of machine-building enterprises to improve the quality parameters of production. Analysis of recent research and publications. Significant scientific and practical experience has been accumulated, both by foreign and domestic experts, on the problem of solving the improvement of economic parameters of the machine-building complex of Ukraine, but the problem of restoring the machine-building complex in wartime is still relevant. The purpose of the article is to develop a management system for the reproduction of the machine-building complex of Ukraine. Scientific novelty and practical value. The theoretical provisions are obtained as a result of experimental studies of machine-building enterprises based on the principles and methods of strategic management of capital quality reproduction processes, which, unlike the existing ones, provide for a number of strategic alternatives, the choice of a comprehensive development strategy, the implementation of selected strategies, and forecasting the level of quality of production capital in machine-building.

The evolution of the concept of flexible change management in the activities of an organization is studied, the main stages of its development are formed, the features and characteristics of its formation are determined. It is proved that the Agile Change Management methodology involves continuous improvement and an iterative flexible approach throughout the life cycle of any company. The flexible approach to change management creates new thinking in a complex and uncertain world. Agile change management is based on customer focus, innovation, focus on productivity, creativity, entrepreneurial thinking, and fostering a culture throughout the organization. The benefits of implementing agile change management include: an iterative approach with clear cycles of the change process, usually constant monitoring of the process and review of results; high degree of involvement and motivation of executors, organizers and initiators of changes in the process; customer focus in initiating and implementing activities to take into account changes in the internal and external environment of the organization; minimization of risks due to a flexible system of making changes. The weaknesses of this concept are: the formal and philosophical nature of the methodology, since Agile is not a clear instruction for action, but a whole philosophical concept; responding to changes and their implementation requires constant professional development, communication and information exchange between employees, an effective motivation system and a high level of self-organization of each team member (as a result, it has a positive impact on the organization’s activities), or otherwise it is a strong resistance to change. It is proved that the introduction of a flexible change management system creates opportunities for the successful development of a modern organization. It is substantiated that an effective tool in business practice will be the use of a strategic balanced scorecard, which mobilizes the potential of the organization for strategic thinking, focuses on the implementation of the developed strategy, is a strategic management tool and should be a necessary tool for flexible change management in an organization, without which its strategic development is impossible.

The development of technology and the growth of people’s living standards and quality of life have made adjustments to the use of various materials for the production and packaging of products and goods. One of these really useful inventions of mankind, which has greatly simplified our life and contributed to the development of technology, was the development and introduction of various polymers / plastics and other synthetic substances into widespread use. However, there is also a negative impact of such innovations, in particular on the human body and the environment. The article analyzes and proves the negative impact of synthetic substances through migration from packaging materials into food and water or through the household use of products containing them on the human body. The study also included a survey of Ukrainian youth about their attitudes toward the use of plastic packaging. A total of 127 university-age respondents (18...23 years old; 47,2 % men, 52,8 % women) took part in the survey. Respondents used a 10-point scale to answer the questions, where 1 meant a clear desire to switch from single-use to reusable packaging before signs of wear and tear, and 10 meant absolute rejection of the idea of reusing plastic packaging. The idea of reusing plastic packaging for berries in supermarkets (returning used packaging for re-packaging) was generally favored by 60,7 % of respondents. Regarding the reuse of plastic packaging for ready-to-eat meals, respondents expressed a large number of arguments that prevent the effective implementation of such an initiative. All objections are divided into three broad groups: concerns about the microbiological safety of reusing packaging; distrust of the significant environmental benefits of such measures; and the impossibility of spontaneous purchases due to the need to come to the store with their own packaging. When developing and implementing possible solutions to the crisis of plastic pollution and synthetic materials in general, it is concluded that transparency is the key to success. At every stage of the life cycle of plastics, synthetic materials and other harmful components used in production, decisions must be made in compliance with the human rights to health and a healthy environment.

The current state of the security environment in the world has reached an extremely low level, which causes the need to review the approaches to the defense capability of each of the countries of the world as a whole, and the most powerful of them above all. The article examines the military budgets of the Big 20 countries and defines the key features of the structure of each of them. The elaboration of the 2014 Manual on State Finance Statistics, as well as the spread of the phenomenon of providing international military aid on an irreversible basis from foreign countries and international organizations to countries participating in military conflicts, motivated the need to expand the thesaurus of military finances and defense finances, which should include: incoming military capital transfers , incoming current military transfers, incoming capital military grants, incoming current military grants. Under incoming capital military transfers in the context of domestic realities, it is proposed to understand - transfers in kind and monetary forms, which involve: the transfer of ownership of a military asset (except for cash or circulating assets of military purpose) from international partners (governments of other countries or international organizations) to by our country represented by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as the main manager of budget funds under the «Defense» function; the emergence of the obligation of our country in the person of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as the main administrator of budget funds under the «Defense» function, to purchase a military asset (except for monetary funds or circulating assets of military purpose); voluntary termination of the obligation of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as the main administrator of budget funds funds under the «Defense» function to purchase a military asset (except cash or current military assets) from international partners (governments of other countries or international organizations) with their refusal in the future to collect the debt. Incoming current military transfers, in turn, are transfers in kind and cash received from international partners (governments of other countries or international organizations) by our country in the person of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as the main manager of budget funds under the function «Defence», which include all incoming military transfers except capital transfers. In turn, incoming capital military grants and incoming current military grants received the following appropriate interpretations: incoming capital military grants are incoming capital military transfers for a specific purpose; incoming current military grants are all other incoming targeted military transfers, except for capital. The proposed terms are distinguished by their correlation with the generally accepted terminology of international public finance, and also form logical subtypes of capital / current grants / transfers in the context of the implementation of the country’s defense function and its financial support. Their introduction into the state military finance subsystem will contribute to the development of a clear and effective mechanism for the formation, provision, use and control of military aid to the countries of the world.

The article examines the role of cloud technologies in the organization of accounting, taking into account changes in traditional management through the introduction of continuous accounting models. Cloud accounting facilitates the seamless integration of real-time data from various sources, such as banks, ERP systems, and point-of-sale terminals, ensuring that information is always up-to-date and accessible. By automating routine tasks such as reconciliation, variance analysis, and transaction matching, cloud accounting reduces the time delays and errors associated with traditional period-end processing, allowing accountants to focus on more strategic value-added activities. Based on cloud technologies, the Continuous Accounting model replaces the traditional approach of fixing information on a specific date with a dynamic workflow that supports continuous financial analysis and decision-making in real-time. This approach increases operational efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness, providing management with timely information on economic indicators. In addition, the article examines the challenges of implementing cloud accounting, including data security, system stability, and authentication, emphasizing the need for robust security measures and comprehensive risk management strategies. By leveraging cloud accounting, businesses can significantly improve financial transparency, productivity, and cost-effectiveness, ultimately contributing to better strategic planning and business success. The results of the study emphasize the transformational potential of cloud technologies in shaping the future of financial management and accounting practices.

Global biofuel production is growing rapidly due to the demand for alternative energy sources and the desire to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. With its abundant biomass resources, Ukraine has great potential to develop the biofuel market. The prospects for the biofuel market in Ukraine are good, and the country has the potential to become a leader in the production and use of biofuels in Europe. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for improving the accounting of biofuel production. It has been established that accounting for biofuel production is an important means of achieving sustainable development goals. Performing its information function, accounting can provide internal and external users with the necessary information and optimize the production and sale process of biofuel, while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. This, in turn, contributes to sustainable development and environmental protection in the energy sector. Taking into account the peculiarities of biofuel production, the organizational and methodological support of accounting was improved in terms of the development of the application of the elements of the accounting method: a working plan of accounts was developed for enterprises engaged in the production of biofuel, the sequence of displaying operations in the accounting was improved taking into account the peculiarities of biofuel production, additions were made and modification of the calculation, which takes into account the specifics of the use of biofuel, a management report on the production of biofuel has been developed, which will allow more effective control and management of the enterprise's impact on the environment and contribute to its sustainable development. All the above-mentioned improvements and proposals aim to develop the organization of the activities of biofuel industry enterprises in accordance with the provisions of the concept of sustainable development.

The need for companies to create robust compliance plans tailored to their specific risks is underscored by tough enforcement and convergence of global anti-fraud and anti-corruption initiatives. The aim of the article is to underscore that businesses prioritize anti-corruption measures, citing growing pressures from stakeholders, regulators, and global initiatives. The hypothesis is a changing economy, businesses must bolster anti-corruption measures to meet regulatory demands, protect integrity, and adapt to market shifts. The study drew from diverse reputable sources including official documents, periodicals, government reports, industry studies, and expert publications. A hybrid methodology combining systematic data organization, statistical analysis, and economic-logical reasoning was employed. The article emphasizes the critical importance of adopting and implementing an anti-corruption compliance program in modern business practice. Considering the need for such measures in crisis situations and their role in shaping ethical business behavior, it becomes clear that compliance with anti-corruption requirements is not just a legal obligation, but a strategic imperative for organizations. The complex dynamics of corruption in Ukraine were studied, analyzing its consequences under the influence of new business rules. The global landscape of corruption is analyzed. It has been studied how the same rules affect corruption trends around the world. Anti-corruption compliance programs for mitigating corruption risks in business are considered, combining preliminary analysis with practical strategies for compliance with regulatory documents. Analyzing the pressures from stakeholders, regulatory bodies and global anti-corruption initiatives, the article urges businesses to review and improve their strategies to effectively reduce corruption risks. The article emphasizes that an effective anti-corruption compliance program is not only a protection against legal consequences, but also a catalyst for building trust, maintaining reputation and contributing to a culture of transparency and honesty. Adopting a robust compliance system is not just a legal requirement, but a strategic imperative to promote transparency, integrity and sustainability. This not only protects the business from legal consequences, but also improves its reputation and strengthens trust among interested parties.

The article analyzes the historical stages of the development of the international taxation system, paying special attention to the role of transfer pricing. The evolution of rules, tools, and methods of combating aggressive tax planning, in particular transfer pricing, is considered. The analysis of changes in the approaches to erosion of the tax base and profit shifting by transnational corporations and the corresponding reactions of international organizations and national tax authorities to the prevention of transfer pricing has been carried out. The prerequisites for the emergence and effectiveness of modern approaches in combating transfer pricing, including the OERS project on the erosion of the tax base and profit shifting (BEPS) and the Two-Pillar Solution, have been studied. The article highlights the disproportion of the international taxation system with the modern challenges of the digital economy. The rapid development of digital technologies gives rise to new forms of business that are difficult to adapt to the existing tax framework. Problems related to determining the location of profits in the digital environment and calculating fair taxation for multinational corporations are becoming obstacles to achieving a balance in the international tax system. The fiscal consequences and impact on international trade and the distribution of tax revenues are analyzed. The article highlights the key trends and challenges that determine the effectiveness and sustainability of the modern international taxation system in the conditions of globalization and the digital economy.

The article examines the concept of sustainability reporting and its evolution from the emergence of environmental threats in the 1960s to modern reporting approaches that encompass not only environmental but also social and economic aspects. Scientific research, particularly in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, demonstrates a significant increase in the number of publications on this topic from 2018 to 2023, indicating a growing interest in such reporting among both scholars and practitioners. A geographical analysis shows that this topic is actively researched in countries such as the USA, the UK, China, Australia, Italy, and India, confirming its relevance at a global level. Studies show that sustainability reporting helps businesses integrate sustainability principles into their strategies and operations, contributing to improved management efficiency and reduced negative environmental impact. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of sustainability reporting, starting with the works of Rachel Carson and Kenneth E. Boulding, which laid the foundation for the development of socio-ecological awareness. The article also examines modern methods for collecting, analyzing, and disclosing data on the environmental, social, and governance aspects of business activities. These methods enable companies to continuously improve and find new ways to reduce their environmental impact and increase profitability. In summary, sustainability reporting is not only an important element of corporate management but also a necessary condition for achieving the overall goals of sustainable development for society.

The article examines issues related to the establishment of the procedure for further actions with the material values of the state material reserve, the release of which cannot be carried out with the loss of their qualitative characteristics or with the expiration of the shelf life. Until recently, the principles of the functioning of the state reserve, these issues remained unresolved. Availability of stocks of material assets in the state reserve with expired shelf life is referred to the priority problems, the solution of which is aimed at reforming the system of the state material reserve. The current law on state reserves provides for the procedure for actions with material values of state reserves, the release of which cannot be carried out due to the loss of their qualitative characteristics and/or the expiration of the shelf life (shelf life), such material values are subject to write-off with subsequent processing, disposal or destruction. Based on the results of the study, the main steps of the algorithm for further actions with the material values of state reserves are proposed, the release of which cannot be carried out due to the loss of their qualitative characteristics and/or the expiration of the shelf life (shelf life, which will ensure the absence of them in the account, will improve the reliability of reporting on the availability of stocks of material assets of state reserves, as well as the accumulation and maintenance of reserves in volumes that are able to ensure the implementation of legally established assignments of state reserves, etc.

The article explores the principles of participatory approach to urban development management in the context of urbanization. The participatory approach involves active community involvement in decision-making, planning, and implementation of initiatives in the urban environment. The significance of this approach is discussed in light of urban population growth and the impact of global trends on urbanization. The problems associated with the traditional approach to urban development are highlighted, where the community is often viewed merely as an object of management rather than an active participant, leading to difficulties in achieving sustainable urban development. Challenges related to urbanization growth and rapid changes in the socio-economic environment are analyzed, including issues of inequality in access to resources and services for different social groups, resulting in increased social tension in cities and violations of social justice. The importance of the participatory approach in addressing these issues by involving the community in governance processes and decision-making is emphasized. The main principles of participatory governance are examined and summarized, along with its application in urban planning, as well as the orientation of these principles. The study concludes the advantages of such an approach and the necessity of its implementation in modern city management to ensure sustainable community development.

This article conducts an in-depth analysis of the critical importance of international financial assistance in supporting and rebuilding Ukraine's economy under the challenging conditions of the prolonged conflict with russia. The study encompasses a detailed examination of the volumes and structures of financial flows received from global financial institutions, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Union, as well as bilateral aid from partner countries during the years 2022–2023. The article elaborately describes how these funds were directed towards the urgent needs of the Ukrainian economy, including macro-financial stabilization, rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure, and other critical sectors affected by the war. The research reveals how international assistance contributed to strengthening the economic foundation of Ukraine, assessing its effect in both the short-term and long-term perspectives. The article analyzes strategies for utilizing these resources not only for recovery but also for the transformation of the economy, focusing on innovation, industrial modernization, and infrastructure development. A significant aspect of the study is the evaluation of opportunities to attract additional international finances for large-scale reconstruction projects that encompass not just physical reconstruction but also the social sphere, including education and healthcare. The article also emphasizes the need for transparency and efficiency in the use of international financial assistance, highlighting the importance of good governance, monitoring, and impact assessment of these investments on the country's recovery and development. The role of the international community in shaping strategies for implementing long-term reconstruction projects is discussed, aimed not only at the immediate restoration of damaged infrastructure but also at establishing a foundation for sustainable development in the future. Initiatives for rebuilding economic structures are examined, which will enable Ukraine to integrate more effectively and competitively into the global economy.

The full-scale armed aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine has caused a deep economic crisis and social upheaval that has a devastating impact not only on Ukrainian society but also reverberates around the world. A huge number of Ukrainian citizens have been forced to flee their homes and emigrate abroad in search of safety and decent living conditions. Migration processes in Ukraine and abroad will be one of the key components that will significantly affect the reconstruction and further development of the economy, society, and the state in the postwar period. The phenomenon of mass forced migration of Ukrainians will require a comprehensive study by scholars in various fields to comprehensively understand its causes, factors, peculiarities of its course and consequences. The article comprehensively examines the scale and consequences of the forced migration of Ukrainians as a result of the full-scale war unleashed by russia against Ukraine in 2022. The author analyzes in detail the statistics on the number of internally displaced persons within Ukraine and Ukrainian refugees who have sought refuge abroad. Attention is focused on possible discrepancies in the calculation methods that could lead to differences in statistics by the Ukrainian authorities and non-governmental organizations. Reported figures are provided, and the dynamics of migration flows and the geography of their distribution are analyzed. A separate content block is devoted to the reintegration of internally displaced Ukrainians after the cessation of hostilities and their involvement in the processes of rebuilding the country and restoring social and political life. The article comprehensively analyzes the migration dimension of the war in Ukraine through the prism of assessments by the state and non-governmental organizations, raising a number of pressing issues of reintegration of society, ensuring the voting rights of internally displaced persons and restoring political processes after the end of the armed conflict.

The article examines the role of financial policy in the economy of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, as the main tool for supporting its financial potential in the conditions of military conflict, in which our state was constantly in after leaving the empire. The methodological basis of the work is general and special methods of scientific research and cognition, including methods of theoretical generalization, synthesis and analysis, comparison, modeling, etc. Scientific articles and monographs of many domestic scientists were used as the main information base, in particular the works of P.Gai-Nyzhnyk, V.Polishchuk, O.Kopylenka and M.Kopylenka, O.Mironenko and others. The study of the financial component of the short-lived functioning of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of the 20th century is an actual scientific and practical task. In particular, the mistakes of the governments of Ukraine at that time, including those in the financial area, led to the state existing for only four years. The geopolitical situation at the beginning of the 21st century looks similar to the one that happened hundred years ago, because today Ukraine is again involved in a conflict with an aggressive eastern neighbor, which again threatens to destroy its sovereignty. The study of achievements and mistakes of the financial policy of the governments of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of the 20th century is an opportunity for modern scientists to analyze their activities with the aim of creating a reliable long-term financial policy for today and for the future, taking into account modern trends and technologies. The study of the financial policy of the governments of Ukraine during the time of the Central Rada, the Hetmanate and the Directory makes it possible today to correctly assess the threats and risks facing the state in a new military conflict «to exhaustion», to apply the right tools to support domestic business and the stability of its own currency, to mobilize its own financial resources and the economy as a whole for their own survival.

Investigating the impact of financial technologies on banking reveals the importance of the development of this segment in the context of a rapidly changing financial landscape. Modern technologies are transforming not only the way financial services are provided, but also the very nature of financial relationships. The article emphasizes the importance of analyzing modern trends in fintech, which accompany the rapid growth of this sector and determine new prospects for the banking sector. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main challenges associated with the development of financial technologies and the determination of ways to solve these problems through the clarification of terminology and the introduction of the latest solutions in the field of cyber security. The specified areas of development of financial technologies reflect a wide range of opportunities, including ensuring user convenience through the development of digital payment systems, mobile applications and various online platforms. At the same time, attention is focused on the importance of ensuring security and protection of information in connection with the growth of cyber threats and the development of the latest technologies in the financial sphere. The importance of financial technologies as a key factor for increasing the competitiveness of banking institutions and ensuring wider access to financial services is highlighted. The detailed analysis of key areas of research in the field of financial technologies allows us to determine their role in shaping the future banking sector. The considered opportunities and prospects emphasize the importance of further research and understanding of these trends for the effective development of the banking sector.

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of ensuring bank security of settlement transactions. The purpose of writing the article is the formation of a settlement and payment mechanism in the banking security system based on the theory of economic mechanisms. The authors formed the structure and specified the elemental composition of the bank security system of settlement operations. In order to structure the banking security system, the article singles out: 1) a functional-purpose subsystem (includes such elements as the purpose, tasks, functions, principles and subsystems of banking security). The functional structure of the enterprise determines the target orientation of the system and emphasizes the fulfillment of its functional purpose; 2) subject-object subsystem (includes banking security subjects and the object on which the influence of the subjects is directed. The settlement and payment mechanism will act as an object within the selected research subject); 3) process-support subsystem (contains a description of processes aimed at ensuring compliance with the appropriate level of banking security and elements of legislative, personnel, information and methodological support). The formation of this subsystem focuses on the processes that are implemented within the system and on the control of the final results. It is noted that indicators (criteria, indicators) reflecting the result of its functioning must be included as separate components of the banking security system. The article identifies the object of the bank security system of settlement transactions – a settlement and payment mechanism, which has a complex structure and is formed on the basis of the adaptation of the theory of economic mechanisms, which includes the target function (the purpose of the functioning of the mechanism), the model and the control unit; management object and a set of management processes (functional unit). Implementation of the proposed bank security system for settlement operations will contribute to the improvement of the state of settlement and payment discipline of banking institutions, continuity and acceleration of the monetary turnover of economic entities through the development of tools and forms of payments and technologies of settlement and payment operations, and as a result – to ensure financial stability as individual banks , as well as the banking system as a whole. Prospects for further scientific research should be connected with the improvement of the functioning of individual elements of the banking system of settlement operations in modern conditions.

The article is devoted to the assessment of approaches to the formation of the financial controlling system. The ambiguity of the positions of scientists regarding the target orientation of the financial controlling system, the structure and composition of the system-forming elements, objects and directions of financial controlling has been determined. The purpose of the article is to structure the theoretical model of the financial controlling system based on the assessment of scientific approaches to the formation of its elemental composition. It is noted that the most common approaches to the interpretation of the elemental structure of the financial controlling system are the following: a system of functions (these are divergent positions regarding the separation of system functions); the system of methods (there is an inaccuracy in the identification of financial controlling methods as elements of the system, the widespread approach is to identify the methods of the system with the functions of the system); set of subsystems of the system (fuzzy and multi-directional selection of specified subsystems); a system of information support for management decisions (in various scientific studies, emphasis is placed on the priority of various elements: accounting, analysis, coordination, etc.). As a result of the critical analysis of the existing scientific approaches, the requirements for the identification of the elements of the financial controlling system were formed, namely: 1) financial controlling is a system that determines the long-term functioning of the enterprise, which provides an opportunity to build it on the basis of the concept of strategic development and to study the interconnection of subsystems strategic and operational controlling; 2) system-forming elements of the financial controlling system (purpose, tasks, methods, subjects, objects, indicators) differ depending on the type of controlling (strategic and operational) and the level of subsystems (functional-target, methodological, object, sub object, organizational); 3) when forming the system-forming elements of the subsystem of the financial controlling system, its orientation should be taken into account not only on the internal, but also on the external environment. The author clarified the components of the financial controlling system, differentiated depending on the type of controlling (strategic and operational) and the level of subsystems (functional-target, methodological, object, subject, organizational). Prospects for further scientific research should be linked to the evaluation of the interaction of selected subsystems and individual elements.

The most important thing in any research, including the analysis of socio-demographic problems, is the professional view of the scientist. It is necessary to analyze the current socio-demographic situation and the trendency of its development to generate professional view. The research considers the negative trend of household development in Ukraine and how Federal Republic of Germany is trying to improve the marriage situation in Germany by financially incentivizing people to get married. The research analyzed households by the number of their members, the average age of men and women at the time of registration of the first marriage, and the trend in the number of registered marriages per year. In addition, a part of the tax system of the Federal Republic of Germany was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the German tax system, a hypothetical situation is modeled to demonstrate how marriage affects the tax burden of households. The results of the modeled hypothetical situation, in particular, the extent to which citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany save on taxes, are demonstrated in this research. The results of this research can be useful for formulating an effective tax management strategy in Ukraine to support household development and family creation.

Purpose. This study aims to introduce a new method for assessing the efficiency of agricultural marketing channels. This innovative method rectifies the deficiencies inherent in earlier methods by encircling all channel participants in evaluating marketing efficiency, thereby delivering a more detailed assessment. Methodology / approach. The present study first identified the shortcomings of the old methods based on a literature review and then attempted to propose a new method for calculating marketing efficiency by overcoming these issues. The efficiency of marketing channels is calculated based on primary data collected from two randomly selected agriculture markets in Delhi, marketing cooperative societies operating in Delhi, and their respective intermediaries, flour mills, and consumers in the channel. The study’s sample size is 179 respondents, including all the channel members. After that, a comparison is made between traditional methods and the proposed method. Results. Results of this study show that the proposed method gives a better idea of the efficiency of marketing channels than the old methods, namely the Acharya’s approach, the Shepard’s method and the input-output approach. These methods ignore the crucial role of producers, focusing on overall margins and costs. They can call a channel efficient even if producers receive minimal benefits, necessitating a revised approach. The proposed method has two parts: (1) the ratio of overall channel benefit to cost, excluding consumers, to avoid misleading results, indicating higher benefits for channel members; (2) the ratio of the net price received by farmers to the price paid by consumers, reflecting farmer earnings. By separating marketing margins and costs, the proposed method simplifies previous complexities. Using the channel benefit-to-cost ratio and the farmer’s price-to-consumer price ratio, this method offers an accurate and comprehensive assessment, addressing flaws in Acharya’s approach. Originality / scientific novelty. The proposed method is the only method that takes care of every channel member rather than just focusing on producers / farmers. This method considers factors such as the price received by farmers (gross and net), marketing margins, marketing costs, and the price paid by consumers. Unlike old methods, this method focuses on adding value per channel, not on the number of intermediaries. Practical value / implications. The proposed method facilitates an effortless comparison of marketing efficiency for all channel members, especially farmers. Its simplicity makes it a valuable tool for policymakers to formulate effective strategies for enhancing overall channel efficiency. Researchers can also use this method in efficiency-focused studies related to agriculture and its products, gaining a comprehensive understanding of agricultural marketing channels.