Search

The relevance of the increase in the incidence of SARS in the human population continues to this day, which creates a constant need to find optimal methods for their improvement and reduction of the percentage of severe complications and mortality. The aim of the article is to summarize modern statistical data on the spread of acute respiratory diseases in Ukraine for the epidemic period of 2021–2022 based on the analysis of data from WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and empirical research on the effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy in the complex management of patients of different age groups based on medical and preventive facilities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, a study was conducted in two stages: detailed summarization of statistical data of the WHO, the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control; an empirical study of the results of the use of various means of immunomodulation in the process of managing children and adults with SARS at the city children’s polyclinic of Lviv and the Lviv regional clinical hospital, infectious department. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that in the control group, which included children, the average duration of the disease was 3–4 days longer, in 5 cases (10 %) the development of bacterial pneumonia was noted with the addition of antibacterial therapy, in one case oxygen therapy was carried out due to low saturation indicators. Recovery in the age group 0–4 years in 10 % of cases (1 person) is incomplete with the transition to a chronic process; in 20 % of cases (2 patients), the development of acute otitis media was noted. Children aged 5–10 who did not receive immunomodulators complained of general weakness and drowsiness for a long time, and among patients aged 11–17, cases of acute bronchitis, tracheitis, otitis and pneumonia were registered. Based on the observation of treatment results, it was found that the average duration of the disease in the adult group was 3–5 days (18–35 years) compared to the control group. Based on the observation of the results of treatment, it was found that the average duration of the disease in the adult group was 3–5 days (18–35 years) compared to the control group, where patients recovered for 7–10 days. The course of the disease in the vast majority of cases was mild (in the control group - moderate and severe). In the studied group, there were no cases of the development of inflammatory processes of the lower respiratory tract (in the control group – 2 cases of acute pneumonia, which was 17 % by age and 7 % of reviewers). Conclusions. On the basis of a multi-stage theoretical and empirical study of the feasibility of including immunomodulatory agents in the complex therapy of acute viral infections in children and adults, it can be concluded that immunocorrection with various modern approaches in any age groups stimulates the immune system to fight against the pathogens of acute viral diseases, warns the development of bacterial complications, shortens the duration of the disease, improves the results of treatment and the course of the rehabilitation period, in connection with which these drugs are recommended for inclusion in the complex therapy of viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Relevance of the study is due to the unrecognized effect of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on bone tissue metabolism in patients with acute otitis media (AOM). Aim: to determine the peculiarities of bone tissue metabolism in patients with AOM caused by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and methods: Our study included 73 patients aged 18 to 79 (29 males and 44 females) who were randomized into 4 groups according to the aim of the research: Group 1 - 17 patients with AOM, Group 2 - 15 patients with AOM combined with paranasal sinus pathology, Group 3 - 20 patients with AOM on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Group 4 - 21 patients with AOM combined with transitory disorders of glucose metabolism. On the basis of clinical examination all patients were tested for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood calcium level and parathormone as a marker of bone resorption and osteocalcin as a marker of bone remodeling. Results of the study and discussion: The statistical evaluation of the indicators identified a reliable difference between groups 1-2 and groups 3-4, while between groups 1 and 2, 3 and 4 reliable difference in metabolic parameters of bone tissue has not been established. The level of glucosylated hemoglobin was significantly elevated even for transitory signs of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (5,17±0,17%, 4,95±0,17%, 9,8±0,46% and 7,78±0,19% in groups 1,2, 3 and 4 respectively).The value of parathormone was within the reference values, but it proved to be significantly (p<0,001) higher in glucose metabolism disorders (56.8±3.02pg/ml and 52.56±2.7pg/ml in groups 3 and 4, respectively).The amount of osteocalcin and calcium tended to decrease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 3) and in transitory disorders (group 4), but without a significant difference (p>0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between glucose and glucosylated hemoglobin levels in patients in group 3 and the average strength in patients in group 4 (r=0.832 and r=0.44, respectively). The increase of parathormone level on the basis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders was due to the presence of correlation with the level of glucosylated haemoglobin in groups 3 and 4 (r=0.705 and r=0.81 respectively). Calcium correlations of r=-0.77 and r=-0.56 with parathormone level and r=-0.79 and r=-0.44 with glucosylated haemoglobin level were found in patients of groups 3 and 4 accordingly. In the absence of glucose metabolism disorders in groups 1 and 2, no significant correlations were found, except for physiologically determined correlations of parathormone and calcium levels in group 1 (r=-0.489). Conclusions: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism negatively affect metabolism of bone tissue due to activation of bone resorption processes. This is manifested by correlated with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin by an increase in the amount of parathormone with pathogenetic significance of both type 2 diabetes mellitus and transitory disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In this category of patients, the level of parathormone and its dynamics, as well as the determination of glucosylated hemoglobin are informative even in transitory disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of upper respiratory tract infection remain relevant at any time of the year and are socially significant. Despite the different approaches described in international protocols, there are common features: these infections are selflimiting and require only symptomatic treatment; at the same time, clinicians also needs to take into account that people may wish to monitor their condition and the state of their children; it is necessary to provide them with information on approaches to modern treatment of the disease from the perspective of evidence. If bacterial etiology is suspected (in some states, specially developed patient assessment scales can help), most protocols tend to use phenoxymethylpenicillin and amoxicillin.

In childhood, the following forms of acute otitis media are distinguished: acute purulent otitis media in children of preschool and school age; acute purulent otitis media in newborns; latent acute otitis media; recurrent otitis media; otitis in infectious diseases. There are three clinical stages of development: non-perforative, perforation of the eardrum, recovery. Treatment of acute otitis media is divided into general and local. General treatment includes rational antibiotic therapy. Antiinflammatory and detoxification therapy is also performed. Local treatment depends on the clinical stage of the process. Absence of secretions from the ear, normalization of the eardrum, auditory function indicates recovery. Acute otitis media in infants has its own characteristics. We observe the predominance of general reactions of the body over local manifestations. It is difficult to diagnose acute otitis media. This is due to the structure of the eardrum, the external auditory canal. Otoscopy data have their own features. Helps to diagnose tympanic puncture in time. The principle of treatment is little different from the previous form. Antibiotics are administered within 10 days. The causes of latent otitis media can be common diseases, developmental disorders, immune deficiency. Latent disease is characterized by mild symptoms. However, changes in the general analysis of blood are significant. The main result of diagnosis is tympanopuncture. The duration of antibacterial therapy can be 10-14 days. If treatment is ineffective, latent otoanthritis should be considered. Recurrent otitis media can cause deafness. There are three forms: mild, moderate and severe. Influenza otitis media is characterized by high fever, severe ear pain. Now severe forms of scarlet fever otitis do not occur. When measles we can observe early otitis and otitis during peeling. Diphtheria otitis has two forms: primary and secondary.

. The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for recurrent bacterial complications of the upper respiratory tract viral infection (URTI) in children, as well as the clinical and immunological features of the course of such complications. We enrolled 214 children aged 3-18 years with URTIs complicated with acute otitis media or acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Frequency of bacterial complications of URI in 128 children was low (group I) and in 86 children it met the criteria of recurrent course (group II). In addition to the standard examination, lysozyme levels in the oropharyngeal secretion were determined three times during the disease. It was found that children of group II were characterized by an early debut of respiratory morbidity (at the age of 6.00 (4.00, 12.00) months against 13.00 (4.50, 16.00) months in children of group I (p

Copyright of Aktual'naa Infektologia is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents data on the incidence of acute otitis media in the population that make this problem actual in the practice of general practitioner — family physician. In view of evidence-based medicine data, population-based studies of spectrum of major acute otitis media pathogens and the algorithm of empirical antibiotic therapy, we have justified the possible administration of oral β-lactam antibiotic from second-generation cephalosporin group — Zinnat™.

The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for recurrent bacterial complications of the upper respiratory tract viral infection (URTI) in children, as well as the clinical and immunological features of the course of such complications. We enrolled 214 children aged 3-18 years with URTIs complicated with acute otitis media or acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Frequency of bacterial complications of URI in 128 children was low (group I) and in 86 children it met the criteria of recurrent course (group II). In addition to the standard examination, lysozyme levels in the oropharyngeal secretion were determined three times during the disease. It was found that children of group II were characterized by an early debut of respiratory morbidity (at the age of 6.00 (4.00, 12.00) months against 13.00 (4.50, 16.00) months in children of group I (p<0,0001), as well as a longer duration of catarrhal and intoxication syndromes in similar forms of the disease. The most significant risk factors for the formation of the recurring complication pattern were maternal smoking (OR=2.73, 95% CI [1.34, 5.48]), along with gastroenterological pathology and frequent URTI in the mother and a shortened period of breastfeeding. In children with recurrent bacterial complications of URTI, there was an impaired local resistance of the upper respiratory tract mucous membranes (as a decrease in the concentrations of lysozyme) in all periods of the disease, which persisted after recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the current approaches to the indications and carrying out rational antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children.