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Plant microbiome plays a crucial role in the plants’ performance and fitness to the environment. The latter is especially significant for the plants withstanding the unfavorable conditions of the Antarctic. The study aimed to evaluate the microbiome of Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. growing in the wide range from the South Shetland Islands in the North to Marguerite Bay in the South (63°S – 68°S) in the maritime Antarctic. The composition of C. quitensis microbiome (rhizosphere and endophytes of the plant's aerial part) was studied by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic sequencing on Illumina Novaseq 6000. The number of operational taxonomic units and diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Faith PD) of the endosphere microbiomes were lower (p < 0.05) than in the rhizosphere microbiomes, and the ANOSIM test revealed a difference (R = 0.9, p = 0.0001) in the microbiomes’ taxonomic structure. The diversity of the barren’s microbiome was lower compared to the rhizospheres’. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia were dominant in the rhizosphere. Similar phyla were found in the barren, yet the ratio of Actinobacteria was higher. Proteobacteria dominated in the endosphere, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota. Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria represented a large proportion of the core microbiota of C. quitensis rhizosphere. The endophyte microbiome’s core was mainly composed of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes. On the family taxonomic level, Rhodobacteraceae, Microbacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Oxalobacteraceae were determined as the core for rhizosphere and endosphere. The correlation was low (R = 0.22, p = 0.04) between the rhizosphere microbiome composition and the latitude. Nevertheless, differential abundance of some bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere was attributed to the region of the plant’s growth: Northern, Central, or Southern part of the maritime Antarctic. The shift in the composition of microbial communities can be associated with the changing of the climatic conditions southwards along the Western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.

The use of biological products in sunflower cultivation technology, based on bacterial strains that stimulate plant growth and improve their nutrition, is a tool that enhances crop productivity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the museum bacterial culture Bacillus subtilis 5006T on the formation and development of the species composition of rhizosphere micromycetes of sunflower variety Zaporizhzhia Kondyterskyi during the main time of the vegetative period (100 days). Seeds were soaked in a suspension of an 18-hour culture of Bacillus subtilis 5006T . After 15 hours of soaking, the seeds were planted in soil, which was previously placed in sterile 2-litre bottles. Cultivation prior germination of sunflower seeds was carried out in the laboratory, and further germination took place in the open air. The dynamics of the formation of of the microbial association in the sunflower rhizosphere was studied from seed germination to 2/3 of the vegetation period. Determination of the number of micromycetes in the rhizosphere soil before planting sunflower plants was carried out on two nutrient solid media. In parallel, the total microbial number of bacteria was determined by the method of serial dilutions. It was found that the total number of micromycetes in the soil at the beginning of the vegetation period decreases compared to their number before planting seeds, and at the end of the vegetation period it increases slightly. At the end of the growing season, a significant decrease in the total microbial number was observed both in the experiment and in the control. Before planting seeds, the soil was dominated by fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and among phytopathogenic fungi -- Alternaria alternata. At the beginning of the growing season, representatives of the genera Trichoderma, Rhizopus, and Sclerotinia also appear in the rhizosphere of experimental plants. At the end of the growing season, fungus Aspergillus niger dominated. It was established that the effect of bacterial culture Bacillus subtilis was manifested already at the beginning of the growing season of sunflower plants and consisted in the disappearance of the fungi Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus flavus from its rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of studies the total number of bacteria, micromycetes and azotobacter in the rhizosphere of winter peas, depending on the use of different rates of herbicide MaxiMox (0,8; 0,9; 1,0 and 1,1 l / ha), separately and in tank mixes with plant growth regulator Agriflex Amino (1,0 kg/ha) on the background of bacterization seeds material with the microbial preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t) and without background. The obtained results showed the dependence of the functioning of the rhizosphere microbiota of winter peas on the application of different herbicide rates, but with the complex application of MaxiMox (0,8–1,0 l/ha) with the plant growth regulator Agriflex Amino (1,0 kg/ha) on the background of bacterization seeds material with the microbial preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t) was observed to reduce the negative impact of xenobiotics on the soil microbiota, which was manifested in an increase the total number of bacteria by an average of 3-21%, micromycetes - 42-73% and azotobacter - 2-9%.

The of the study was to determine the quantitative, qualitative composition and taxonomic structure of the eubacterial complex in the rhizosphere of winter wheat using different fertilizer systems.Methods.Microbiological methods were used to determine the content of winter microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, and molecular taxonomic structure and methane of the eubacterial complex of microorganisms were determined. Results.It was found that among large phyla on the variants of the biological system of winter wheat fertilizer the share of Proteobacteria increased to 80,3 %, and the number of Actinobacteria decreased to 12.4% according to the control variant 76,3 and 17,5 %, also similar growth rates were marked on the variant of the ecological fertilizer system. The analysis of families shows that such families as Alcaligenaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were dominant in winter wheat crops with the use of different fertilizer variants. Under the industrial fertilizer system, the share of the family Alcaligenaceae was the highest, but with the application of biological and ecological systems it decreased, while the prevalence of the family Pseudomonadaceae on the contrary – increased. The use of organic fertilizers, compared with mineral, contributed to the formation of a variety of bacteria, so the greatest diversity of prokaryotes according to the Shannon index was in the biological fertilizer system – 4,82, and the least – in the industrial version of winter wheat fertilizer. Conclusions. It was found that in the variant of the biological fertilization system the increase of species diversity was due to the following phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and in the ecological fertilization system due to such philos as: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobac. In general, according to the experiment, the absolute dominants were representatives of bacterial philosProteobacteria – 79,1 %, Actinobacteria – 14,0 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of microbiological processes occurring in the soil and rhizosphere during the soybean cultivation in the conditions of short-term rotation with the use of different fertilizer systems. Methods.The content of ammoniating, amylolytic, pedotrophic, oligotrophic, asporousmicroorganisms, and micromycetes was determined. The soil and rhizosphere microbiological processes were characterized by mineralization – immobilization, oligotrophism, and pedotrophism coefficients. The use of ecological and biological fertilizer systems was accompanied by the increase of ammoniating microorganisms in the soybean budding phase. The use of exclusively mineral fertilizers of soybean has only significantly increased the development of microorganisms which use nitrogen of mineral compounds. The number of oligotrophic microorganisms was the highest, indicating that the stocks of readily available nutrients were depleted and that humification processes were intensified. For the ecological system of fertilizers, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization-immobilization was 0.72-0.83, and for the biological system was the lowest 0.60-0.99. It confirms the equilibrium of the processes of mineralization and immobilization. The oligotrophic coefficients for the ecological and biological fertilizer systems at the stages of budding and browning of beans indicate the good availability of soil microbiota with easily digestible organic substances. The use of an ecological fertilizer system with a balanced combination of mineral and organic fertilizers and a biological fertilizer system with modern organic fertilizers and humates increases the activity of soil microbiota and improves the processes of organic compound transformation of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern studies of the microbiome of leguminous plants have revealed nodule bacteria and non-rhizobial prokaryotic endophytes, which inhabit the tissues of various organs. The interactions of symbiotic and endophytic bacteria, as well as their joint effect on the plant are not well studied. Аim. Тo study the rhizosphere microbiota of soybean and its productivity under complex inoculation by nodule bacteria together with non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria isolated from soybean nodules. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the Kherson region under irrigation conditions in the fields of the Askanian Experimental Station of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Seeds of soybean ultra-fast mature cultivar Diona and middle-mature cultivar Aratta were inoculated with RhizobinK bioformulation based on the association of nodule bacteria strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum UCM B-6018, B-6023 and B-6035, and also with complex of RhizobinK with B. megaterium B-5724, or with one of the endophytic bacteria strain: Paenibacillus sp.1, Bacillus cereus 4, Brevibacillus sp.5, Pseudomonas brassicacearum 6. The number of microorganisms of the main ecologicaltrophic groups in the rhizosphere of soybean was determined using the method of sowing the soil suspension on nutrient agar media. Results. The number of pedotrophic, phosphatemobilizing, oligoazotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was increased in the soybean rhizosphere soil of Diona and Aratta cultivars after inoculation with RhizobinK alone or together with one of the endophytes ‒ B. cereus 4, Brevibacillus sp.5, P. brassicacearum 6. Endophytic-rhizobial inoculation increases the number of beans and seeds on the plant. The highest yield was obtained after complex inoculation of soybean seeds of Diona and Aratta cultivars with RizobinK and B. cereus 4: 3,12 and 2,55 t/ha, respectively, which exceeded the parameters of the control variants by 26,6% and 16,5% respectively with simultaneous increasing of protein and fat in seeds. Conclusions. Research of complex effect of nodule and endophytic bacteria on plants will provide an opportunity to develop a strategy to increase the productivity of legumes based on new endophytic-rhizobial inoculants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Investigate the microbiotа of soil of soybean rhizosphere and its symbiotic apparatus under the using pre-sowing treatment apparatus seeds by microbial preparation of Rhizoactive (Bradyrhizobium japonicum M-8) and pre-emergent herbicides Gesagard 500 FW, suspension concentrate, Primextra TZ Gold 500 SK, suspension concentrate and Kratos, еmulsion сoncentrate. Methods. For inoculation of soybean seeds, a bacterial suspension of Rhizoactive (the titer of bacterial bacteria viable cells Bradyrhizobium japonicum M-8, in 1 ml of preparation 4x109) was used at a rate of 2,0 l/t. For weed control we introduced the soil herbicides Gesagard 500 FW (promethrin, 500 g/l) in the norms of 3,0; 4,0 and 5,0 l/ha; the Primextra TZ Gold 500 SK (S-metolachlor, 312,5 g/l + terbutalazine, 187,5 g/l) in the norms 4,0; 4,25 and 4,5 l/ha and Kratos (acetochlor, 900 g/l) in the norms of 2,0; 2,5 and 3,0 liters per hectare. The study of number of microbiota in soybean rhizosphere and its symbiotic apparatus was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods in soil microbiology. Results. It has been established that inoculation of soybean seed material with Rhizoactive and application of herbicides Gesagard 500 FW, Primextra TZ Gold 500 SK and Kratos affects both the formation of the symbiotic apparatus of soybean, and the number of microorganisms in its rhizosphere. There was a tendency to some decrease in the total number of rhizospheric microorganisms, using as a source of nutrition predominantly organic forms of nitrogen and number of microorganisms of separate ecological trophic groups with an increase in the norms of herbicide application, which was leveled in comparison with the indicators in the control. Conclusions. The inoculation of soybean seeds with the microbial preparation of Rhizoactive and the use of soil herbicides to control weeds contributes to a more active control (without the use of herbicides and microbial preparation) over the formation of a symbiotic apparatus of soybean and the development of certain groups of microorganisms in its rhizosphere. The comparison of different backgrounds of application of herbicides showed that the most optimal effect on the formation of symbiotic apparatus and the total number of microorganisms and their individual ecological trophic groups in the rhizosphere of soybean was the application of the herbicide of the Primextra TZ Gold 500 SK in norms 4,0–4,5 l/ha. Some suppression to the development of individual groups of microbiota, including the nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, was the application of the Kratos in norms 2,0–3,0 l/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field and laboratory experience oil pollution influence (5 %) on biological activity of sod-podzolic soil of Borislav with phytorecultavion activity of plants C. hirta was estimated. The carried out examinations have demonstrated low cellulose activity as in the background and model soil. In the oil-polluted soil, we determined higher resistance of urease compared to cellulase. Cellulase activity decreased, and urease activity increased at the oil pollution. Potential biological activity was higher in comparison with actual both at background and in oil-polluted soil. Oil contamination incremented anaerobic process of cellulose decomposing. Destruction of cellulose of filter disks from a soil surface was slower, than filter disks from beneath soil. The carried out examinations have demonstrated, that growth of C. hirta influenced variation of biological activity of oil-polluted soil. Growth of plants C. hirta enriched biological properties of the oil-polluted soil. In rhizosphere region of plants actual and potential activity was higher compared to a space between rows. Cellulase and urease activity of the background and oil-polluted soil in rhizosphere region of plants C. hirta was incremented compared to a row-spacing.

The aim was to define the enzymatic activity of chernozem typical, humus content in it and to evaluate the directivity of microbial processes in the sugar beet rhizosphere at the different agromeasures. Methods. The humus content has been defined by the Turin method in Simakov modification, the taxonomic structure of prokaryotes of soil microbiome – by the pyrosequencing method. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity have been estimated by Galstyan in Chunderova modification, invertase – by Kuprevych and Shcherbakova, directivity of microbial processes in the soil – by the using of appropriate coefficients. Results. The enzymatic activity of typical chernozem and directivity of microbial processes in the sugar beet rhizosphere are depend on the phase of culture ontogenesis and agromeasures. Have been established, that the biological system of agriculture on the background of surface soil tillage, in comparison with other agromeasures, contributes to the increase of humus content and enzymatic activity of soil. The application of biological agrarian system causes to increase in the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of sugar beet, compared with the intensive system, in which is observed the impoverishment of prokaryotes of typical chernozem. It has established that the synthesis processes of organic matter are dominated above destruction at the biological and ecological agrarian systems, whereas the increasing of microbial assimilation of nutrients from the soil are at the intensive system. The intensity of the microbial transformation of organic matter was increased in the direction from intensive to biological agrarian systems. Conclusions. The application of ecological and biological agrarian systems, unlike intensive promotes the increase of enzymatic activity of soil, species diversity of microbiota, to optimize the humus accumulation and progress of organic compounds transformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The formation features of quantitative composition, morphotypes diversity, the distribution of the dominant forms of eubacterial complex in sugar beet rhizosphere has been analyzed in this article and ecological indices of their diversity has been identified. Prokaryotes metagenome of chernozem typical has been detected and evaluated by the pyrosequencing method for the first time under conditions of forest-steppe of Ukraine. The forms that are not detected by classical microbiological methods formed the significant proportion of metagenome. The application of biological and ecological agrarian systems causes the high diversity of microorganisms, and industrial system leads to the impoverishment of the soil microbiota polymorphism has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microflora dynamics analysis of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower plant genotypes: varieties, hybrid, line was set out. It was found that the number of major ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower depends on genotypic features of agriculture populations and transpiration of root exometabolites that determine the development and activity of trophic groups of microorganisms. Throughout the growing season of sunflower (the phase of "4-6 leaves" to the maturation phase) we observed the qualitative changes in the composition of the microbiota. In the rhizosphere of hybrid, the microcenosis structure was the most stable, whereas the rhizosphere of crop culture had different dynamics during crop ontogeny. The depressive effect of root exometabolites was connected with genotypic features of the line regards the microflora of rhizosphere and rhizoplane. These features can be used in the F1 hybrids cultivation and primary seed production of self-pollinated homozygous lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Carex hirta plants on microflora of the petroleum polluted soil was investigated. Some groups of microorganisms were detected by the modified method of glasses encrustation. Positive influence of Carex hirta plants on microflora of crude oil contaminated soil (50 g/kg) was estimated.

The features of the soybean symbiotic systems formation and carry out the complex es- timate of the rhizobium nodulation ability at the seed inoculation of the microbial composi- tions on the bases of nodule bacteria, azotobacter and phytolectins (soybean seeds lectin, wheat germ agglutinin) were studied in the green-house experiments with a soil cultures. It was shown, that complex inoculants accelerate the process of becoming infected of plants by rhizobia in the early stages of soybean development; contribute to the expansion of the spectrum of genetically determined ability of nodule bacteria in the formation of a certain number of nodules on the host plant during the growing season as well as the formation of more root nodules with more of their weight during the second half of the growing season of soybean and significant increase mass of the one nodule and also slow the root nodules aging process at the end of the growing season compared with a rhizobial monoinoculant. It was proposed to use a complex of criteria in the estimating of the rhizobia nodulation ability in the microbial compositions: "nodulation activity", "nodulation range", "the num- ber of nodules on the plant", "mass of nodules per plant", "mass of one nodule", which are indicative for different stages of the symbiosis formation.

The Relevance. At the recent years in soybean crops the quantity of plant pathogenic fungi has increased. The fungicides of systemic and contact action have been applicated intensively against of them. After introducing into the soil fungicides and/or their deg- radation products can to disrupt the activities of non-target objects - beneficial soil mi- croorganisms, inhibit nodulation process and the nitrogen-fixing activity of diazotrophs. The purpose of the work was to investigate the impact of combined application of fungi- cides with inoculation on the soybean symbiotic system and rhizosphere microorganisms. The Methods. The microbiological and statistical methods, gas chromatography method. The Results. Inoculation of seeds by the highly active Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum UCM B-6035, UCM B-6018 and UCM B-6023 strains the activity of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic systems increased by 1.4-3.4 times in comparison with the variant without of fungicides application and bacterization. Seed treatment by Vitavaks 200 FF fungicide caused a de- crease of'nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizobia industrial strains in symbiosis with soybean by 3-5 times. The seeds inoculation by B. japonicum UCM B-6035 strain promoted to reduce the negative impact of the Maxim Star 025 FS fungicide on the nitrogenase activity of nodulation apparatus. The positive effect of seeds bacterization was observed in the in- crease of the quantity of rhizosphere microorganisms of main ecological trophic groups. In the variant with seed treatment by Maxim Star 025 FS and Kinto duo fungicides was found a decrease in the number of microorganisms of studied groups in comparison with the control variant; the Vitavaks 200 FF fungicide application promoted to improve of these microorganisms development compared with the variant without the fungicides application and bacterization. At the inoculation of rhizobia industrial strains the negative effect of the Maxim Star 025 FS and Kinto duo fungicides to oligoazotrophic and prototrophic micro- organisms was not observed. The Conclusion. The symbiotic system of variant with the combined application of the Kinto duo fungicide with B. japonicum UCM B-6023 strain characterized by the highest nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity.

It has been investigated the effect of fungicide with systemic action of Vitavaks 200 FF, Maxim Star 025 FS, Kinto duo and the complex inoculum Ekovital on rhizospheric microbial communities, diseases resistance and soybean productivity of Annushka biovar. The combined use of fungicides and inoculation has contributed to better formation of nodulation apparatus (the number of nodules on the roots was increased in 1.3-2.8 times), resistance increase to soybean pathogens septoriosis and ascochitosis, plant productivity increase on 17.4-32.1% relatively to the variant with Ekovital. The efficiency of the combined treatment of seeds against septoriosis and ascochitosis has become 45.8-64.1% and 82.0-95.1% respectively, in the flowering-early fruiting stage and 38.1-60.6% and 70.3-82.1% respectively, in the loading beans phase.

The isolates of microorganisms from the rhizosphere of spring barley plants and soil at the use of analytical selection method was isolated. Its isolates on the ability of "nitrogen-fixing activity" was tested. It was shown that isolates of microorganisms had different of the colonies formed and cultural growth on the Eshbi's selective medium as well as the ability to fixing of molecular nitrogen. The different levels of intensity and dynamics of isolates nitrogenase activity in vitro were identified. New isolates of the soil microorganisms complement of the gene pool diazotrophic bacteria. Its isolates are perspectivity for the study as the basis or components of the bacterial fertilizers for the crops.

The comparative analysis of different methods for the isolation of microbial DNA from ordinary black earth and dark-gray podzolic soil of soybean rhizosphere was carried out. All preparations of DNA which isolated from dark-gray podzolic soil after purification using highly dispersed silica (AppliChem, Germany) were suitable for 16S rRNA genes amplification with universal bacterial primers 11F i 1492R. For DNA extraction from ordinary black earth suitable for PCR DNA preparations were obtained using two of the six investigated methods. Isolation of DNA using a commercial Power Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO, USA) can get a small amount of DNA suitable for molecular studies without further purification procedures.

Development of Bradyrhizobium japonicum YKM B-6035 bacterial cells in suspension culture, aseptic soil and rhizosphere of soybean plants inoculated by nodulate bacteria were investigated. The increase of bacteria number on the surface of main root and rhizosphere was determined in nodulated soybean plants. Photosynthetic apparatus of inoculated plants increased due to morphological characteristics: the leaf blade area and width of mezophyll palisade and spongy layers. Morphological changes in the leaf blade development were confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements of main pigments on the leaf blade.

The influence of granulated bacterial preparation of complex action on the growth and yield of barley (H. distichum L.) has been studied. The treatment of barley seeds by this preparation has been established to have a very significant effect on the mass of 1000 grains, grain natural weight and to increase the yield of plants, but to different degree. Consequently, the interaction of certain barley varieties with bacteria-components of the preparation is rather specific. It has been displayed that the treatment of grains of different barley varieties by the bacterial preparation takes a very significant influence on the function of microbial associations in the rhizosphere.