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The aim of the article is to study the structure and dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade under the influence of cyclicality of the global economic system development. There analyzed reasons for the predominance of primary sector goods in the structure of Ukraine’s production, which causes a relatively high seasonal volatility of the economic growth rates. The raw material orientation of Ukraine’s exports explains the instability of the Ukrainian economy regarding the fluctuations of the world market conjuncture. Ukraine’s critical dependence on the cyclical fluctuations of the global economic system manifested itself in 2009, when the adverse conjuncture of the world prices for metals and commodities led to a sharp decline in the production volumes in the national economy. It is concluded that the possible ways of solving the above problems in the national economy of Ukraine is the modernization and restructuring of industrial production, increase in the production volumes of goods for domestic consumption, technological and organizational renewal of the fixed assets of manufacturing enterprises, as well as reorientation of the Ukrainian industry to producing goods with a higher degree of processing along with increasing the share of high-tech products in the total exports.

The article is aimed at identifying and describing the key tendencies in the cyclical development of the world economy. In order to allocate the cyclical component in the dynamics of the world-wide GDP growth, a time series decomposition was performed using the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the relationship of economic cycles to the dynamics of different indicators of economic conditions was analyzed. The persistent relationship between inflation, unemployment and the current phase of the economic cycle have been identified and described. The truth of the Phillips curve has been empirically demonstrated: existence of an inverse relationship between the rate of inflation and the level of unemployment. A new classification of branches of economy has been provided according to their susceptibility to the current phase of the economic cycle. According to this criterion, all branches of economy have been divided into the cyclical and the non-cyclical sectors. A hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the average annual growth rate of GDP and the structure of the national economy has been suggested.

The article is aimed at creating a model of economic growth of Ukraine based on an analysis of the structure of its economy. The structure and the pivotal tendencies in the development of Ukrainian economy have been analyzed. The main problems of the Ukrainian economy have been considered, including: institutional backwardness of the economic model, commodity orientation of economy, low technology of production and the high degree of monopolization of individual industry sectors. The priority areas of Ukraine’s State policy to reform the key industry sectors have been characterized in parallel with the optimization of its structure. As a basis for the model of economic growth of Ukraine has been chosen the autoregressive model with the integrated Box-Jenkins moving average (ARMA), allowing to give account of seasonality and non-stationarity of input data.

The article is aimed at characterization of principles of the sustainable economic development of the national economy in terms of the cyclical nature of development of the world economy. The article allocates and describes the priority directions of the State policy to minimize the negative cyclical phenomena in the world economy; the key principles of diversification of structure of the national economy, optimizing the international channels of synchronization of economic processes, optimizing the volume of gold and currency reserves of country. The author has developed the pro-cyclical policy of the State, based on the specific phases of the economic cycle. On the basis of the pro-cyclical policy of the State, the author has analyzed the major economic crises of the 20th-21st centuries, and also described cases of occurrence of economic «bubbles» due to the incorrect State policy in certain phases of the economic cycle.

The article is aimed at analyzing the degree of dependence of national economies at the present stage of development of the world economy. Both the dynamics and the nature of development of the economic globalization were analyzed on the example of various areas of world economy. The key tendencies of the economic globalization have been identified and described, the key indicators of participation of countries in the economic globalization have been analyzed as well. Dynamics of the key stock indices of the developed and developing countries (G7 and BRICS) were researched for synchronism of reaction to positive and negative economic events. Using the results of the research, the degree of dependence of the largest stock indices during 2001-2015 has been estimated by means of correlation analysis and the analysis of critical dimensions, also the fact has been empirically proved, that the dynamics of growth of national economies have more synchronous nature during the period of economic shocks, rather than during the periods of their normal functioning.