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It is pointed out, we can frankly say that European integration transformations in the reform of law enforcement activities have already become an irreversible process and for many years to come this will be the main direction of improving the functioning of Ukrainian judicial, prosecutorial and other law enforcement bodies. Despite the state of war and the continued resolute repulsion of Russian aggression, Ukraine is making significant efforts to implement the necessary transformations in its national legal order. The article examines the international legal standards that regulate the activity of Ukrainian national judicial and law enforcement agencies in preventing the commission of criminal offenses as one of the most important components of the crime prevention process. The thesis that crime prevention in Ukraine, as one of the most important components of the functioning of the law and order system, should be carried out precisely on the basis of international standards, which, in turn, create an atmosphere of orderliness and coordination of the actions of all law enforcement structures of the signatories of international agreements on combating crime as a phenomenon not only at the national level, but also its modem manifestations in the form of cross-border and international organized crime. Based on the analysis of international legal sources and the works of domestic scientists, conclusions are drawn that it is necessary to use the European experience of public administration in combating crime through the implementation of international standards in public administration and planning of the activities of judicial and law enforcement agencies, including in separate areas of combating crime; it is expedient among the priority measures to apply international standards for the prevention of corruption both in the entire system of state bodies in general, and especially for countering criminal corruption offenses that can be committed by officials of any rank in the spheres of judicial, prosecutorial and other law enforcement activities; it is necessary to achieve a high level of public trust in judicial and law enforcement structures; it is necessary to form an anti-corruption culture of law enforcement officers taking into account the requirements of international standards and best global practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A historical and legal study of the legal status and activities of the authorities of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (hereinafter - the UPR) in exile (late 1920-August 22, 1992). It is concluded that, since at the end of 1920 the authorities of the UPR lost influence on the population as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in most of the Ukrainian territories and the UPR actually ceased to exist, which was formally fixed by a peace treaty between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Soviet Russia on March 18, 1921. in Riga, the UNR authorities lost their state status and acquired public status. The content adopted by the Council of People’s Ministers and approved by the Chairman of the Directory on January 9, 1921 was analyzed. a normative act entitled “Law on the Council of the Republic,” in which the Council of the Republic was defined as “a temporary supreme authority of the people, which has full power.” The authorities of the UPR imitated state activity: the Council of the Republic-as legislative, the Council of People’s Ministers - as executive authority, the Head of the Directory-as the head of the UPR. After the termination of the existence of the Council of the Republic in August 1921 the functions of the UNR authorities in exile were carried out by the Head of the Directory and the Council of People’s Ministers. The content of the “Temporary Law on the Reorganization of the State Center of the UNR in Exile” of June 10, 1948, which established the competence of the constituent parts of the State Center of the UNR: President, Vice-President, Government, Ukrainian National Council, was studied. Based on the analysis of the content of this normative act, it was concluded that the State Center of the UPR in exile formally had the status of a public organization, but pretended to be a state authority and imitated state functions. According to this document, the Ukrainian National Council performs “the functions of a temporary legislative representation.” The relationship between the constituent parts of the State Center of the UPR in exile had to be revealed in the rule-making process and in the formation of the Government. The political responsibility of the Government to the Ukrainian National Council and the President of the UPR was envisaged. The Government’s accountability to the Ukrainian National Council and control over the UNR President were established. The UNR President was vested with the right to dissolve the Ukrainian National Council at the suggestion of the Government. The authorities formed on the basis of this normative act had the status of public and performed functions in international, normative, political, scientific and other spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a generalization of those dominant viewpoints on objectives of administrative law that are developed within Ukrainian administrative legal science, the author determined that they are united by the recognition of the following to be objectives of administrative law: (1) specifying and ensuring the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the public-legal sphere through the introduction of mechanisms administrative legal regulation and protection in the public administration domain; (2) determination of the standards for the exercise of public management functions by administrative authorities and the provision of administrative services by them, as well as the establishment and improvement of substantive and procedural tools for activities of administrative authorities, including the means of legal protection against violations on their part as well as mechanisms of civil control over their activities. According to the outcomes of the study of approaches to understanding of the tasks of administrative law in world scientific community, the article notes that according to the national tradition of the common law countries, which was adopted by many states that represent the civil law legal tradition, the fundamental objective of administrative law is recognized to be the determination of optimal (from the point of view of the rule of law and good governance) limits of the margin of appreciation of administrative authorities and providing private individuals with legal protection against abuse of administrative power. Moreover, it is particularly noticeable that a special emphasis is placed on guaranteeing the transparency and accountability of administrative authorities to civil society. Less important is the task of administrative law, which consists in establishing the principles, substantive rules and procedures for the performance of administrative functions by government authorities, as well as the accumulation in administrative practice and judicial case-law of the potential for increasing the effectiveness of administrative law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language serves as a unique tool for communication, coordination, and organization across all spheres of public activity, including production, services, households, education, science, and culture. Recognizing accounting as the universal language of business, not only formally but also through the utilization of linguistic tools and the activation of linguistic relativism, can lead to the formation of a new architecture in the accounting paradigm and enhance the information-communication system of an enterprise. The aim of this article is to outline the conceptual principles of the modern accounting paradigm through the utilization of a linguistic approach. Taking into account symbols and rules as fundamental linguistic attributes, accounting can be defined as a language and explored based on theories and methods applied in the study and enhancement of language. The functions of accounting, considering the linguistic approach, should be supplemented by communicative functions, which involve facilitating the process of information exchange and addressing the interests of stakeholders. The distinctiveness of this function from informational lies in establishing feedback with stakeholders to thoroughly understand their inquiries and execute them most effectively. The interpretation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis confirms that accounting is a language, the mastery of which enables the evaluation of situations, comprehension of processes of financial indicator formation, and adoption of more efficient managerial decisions. The linguistic toolkit and linguistic relativism of accounting as a language deepen the conceptual foundations of forming a modern accounting paradigm and stimulate its development towards establishing communication links with users and shaping an accounting worldview, thereby providing a broader information base for making managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of communication processes characterizes modern society due to the expansion of digital and internet technologies, especially in the form of Web 2.0, the development of the post-information society, and post-culture. The communication media space increasingly incorporates networks, digital technologies alter the public sphere as a shared communication platform, the presence of digital identities grows, filter bubbles and echo chambers emerge, and phenomena such as cancel culture, post-truth, and post-journalism rise. Communicative transformations are primarily linked to the impact of new digital media – online media and artificial intelligence, raising questions about how new convergent technologies change the public sphere and, consequently, communicative strategies. It is essential to address a series of questions, including how online communication influences offline communication and how the unconscious and symbolic actor – the digital algorithm AI – shapes specific features of social interactions. The negative impact of artificial intelligence, the spread of pseudoscientific knowledge, and the difficulty of their verification also remain significant factors. The article addresses the emergence of a new social actor – artificial intelligence – and the issue of digital identities that may not fully coincide with a real person or only partially coincide. The purpose of the article is to outline important communicative transformations caused by the development of modern digital media. The implementation of this purpose involves performing the following tasks: describing the main methodological approaches for analyzing the problem of communicative transformations, justifying their dependence on new digital media, and defining general communicative strategies through the emergence of new hybrid digital media. The article concludes that the development of digital technologies, especially AI, leads to communicative transformations in the public sphere, particularly through the formation of echo chambers, digital identities, virtualization, gamification, and blitz communication, shaping the processes of contemporary cultural changes.

The article is aimed at substantiating the prospects for improving public administration on the basis of project management in the context of aggravation of crisis phenomena in the national economy of Ukraine. Modernization of the modern system of territorial organization of power along with reinforcing of future victory by creating the foundation for strengthening Ukraine’s national security in the future is of great importance. In turn, this necessitates the study of project management technologies of public authorities, which are more focused on solving specific tasks both at the State level and at the level of the territorial community. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing scientific research, the issue of improving the project approach in the sphere of public administration in Ukraine during the wartime was considered. As a result of the study, the main components of the project are characterized. The views of scientists on the characteristic features of project activities of public authorities are considered and generalized. Two groups of approaches to determining the characteristic features, which most informatively and effectively demonstrate the peculiarities of implementation of project activities in public administration bodies, have been allocated. The main directions of project activities in public administration are determined, taking into account wartime conditions. The prospects of using project management technologies in the sphere of public administration in Ukraine under conditions of crisis are outlined. The advantages provided by the use of new public administration model in accordance with the ideas of project management are indicated. Prospects for further research in this direction are the issues of training public administration sector employees to organize teamwork within the project, improving control over project implementation. The issues of ensuring the effective implementation of projects in the digital economy, the peculiarities of the project activities of public authorities in the context of the aggravation of the crisis in the national economy of Ukraine remain insufficiently studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research purpose is to find out how the national myth of T. Shevchenko began to penetrate into the public sphere of Katerynoslav (Yekaterinoslav) which was one of the largest multi-ethnic industrial Ukrainian cities at the end of the nineteenth century. The relevance is based on the modern historiographical situation, which is dominated by populist and local lore approaches for studying the regional reception of Shevchenko's heritage. Research methodology. The key to research is the concept of a myth which means a closed semiotic system with a set of universal symbols, which through a ritual is able to perform its regulatory function. In the public space, the myth is (re)produced as a result of public actors' activities. In order to define and analyze these public actors it is proposed personal and institutional approach. In addition to general scientific and historical methods, content analysis and case study methods are used. The author has developed a model for studying the genesis and assimilation of Shevchenko's myth in the regional public space. Conclusions. The national myth of Shevchenko had a nonlinear path of formation and development in Katerynoslav. Originating in the public space in the mid-1880s, the myth was circulating in a narrow circle of the local intelligentsia (I. Manzhura, M. Bykov), who had an attempt to shape the populist myth of Shevchenko. However, in the early 1900s, a completely different institutional and personnel environment emerged in Katerynoslav. The new public agents of Shevchenko's discourse were representatives of "personnel import" of the humanitarian profile who were committed to the Ukrainian idea (D. Yavornytskyi, A. Syniavskyi). They promoted the national myth of Shevchenko both through acting in public organizations and working in official institutions. On the one hand, the product of the assimilation of this myth was its instrumentalization by diff erent local ideological groups; on the other hand, the crystallization of national identity and self-identification in urban public space had a place. The proposed research model can be useful not only for studying the functioning of the Shevchenko's myth in other regions but also for intellectual and regional history studies in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-political participation online is of great importance for the development of democracy, so the study of the institutionalization of online activity is extremely relevant. Given the digitalization of all spheres of life, it is advisable to study the processes of institutionalization of online activity taking into account the features of metamodern society, as well as taking into account the transformation of social values and norms. A significant role in the legitimization of online activity is played by citizens` appropriation of the public sphere, as well as its dynamic digitalization, which directly affects the expansion of public participation and involvement of a much wider audience in the socio-political process. Therefore, the article analyzes the role of the digital public sphere in the development of online activity is analyzed, the research approach to the concept of institutionalization as a whole is defined. The process of institutionalization of social and political online activity in Ukraine is also analyzed. The article also notes that the institutional infrastructure, as well as the legality of socio-political online activity, is provided by the state, but the question is whether Ukrainians accept new social requirements, rules, and norms that are formed in the conditions of digitalization of social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing is the property of Institute of Sociology NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Proceedings of Ostroh Academy National University Series, Economics is the property of National University of Ostroh Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a social regulator, law is intended to resolve conflicts. However, the law is characterized by conflict, it is an objective reality and is inherent in the law of any civilization, regardless of its level of development. The aim of the article is to analyze the current doctrinal and practical developments in the problem of resolving legal conflicts in Ukraine and abroad. Also, given the adoption in the first reading of the draft Law of Ukraine "On rule-making activities", the purposes of the article should include the development of proposals for this draft Law. The article is devoted to the research of ways to resolve conflicts in legislation, which lead to violations of the integrity and internal coherence of the legal system, which ultimately undermines the law and order. This solution can take the form of elimination or overcoming conflicts that differ as to their subjects, the specifics of the procedure and the consequences. Ways to elimination conflicts include rule-making and recognition of normative acts as unconstitutional or illegal in courts. It has been noted that elimination is the most effective means of resolving conflicts, as it eliminates the contradiction between the norms that generate the conflict. As for overcoming, its main way is the application of conflict rules, which are developed by legal doctrine and establish a certain procedure for overcoming legal conflicts during the realization of the law. The article presents conflict rules for overcoming various types of legal conflicts, both simple and complex, and all of them are illustrated by examples from the legislation. It is emphasized that the most difficult type of conflict is the contenttemporal conflict, because to overcome it, different approaches can be used depending on the relevant conditions. In other words, the general rule "previously adopted special norm will take priority over the general norm adopted later" will not always apply, but there are situations where the legislator adopts new norms and aims to significantly change or abolish the rules of regulation of relations there was a special norm, and therefore the priority will be given to the later adopted general norm, and not to the previously adopted special one. The article also considers the problem of conflict between codified and ordinary laws. It is noted that the most appropriate means of eliminating such a conflict is the inclusion in the Law "On rule-making activities" the conflict rule of the following content "In case of conflict between the code and the ordinary law, the provisions of the code apply. If the code provides the possibility of regulating certain social relations in accordance with the norms of another law, the norms of the law shall apply". The conflicts between the norms adopted by the subjects of rule-making, the place of at least one of which cannot be determined in the system of public authorities ("independent regulators"), cause considerable difficulties today. It is proposed to use the term "competence conflicts" for such conflicts and to resolve them according to the rule "priority is given to an act adopted by a body that, in accordance with the Constitution and laws, is specially authorized to regulate the relevant sphere of public relations". The article proposes to use the conflict rules in the appropriate sequence on the principle of "Applying the earlier rule in the list excludes the application of the following". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia since 1991 G.C has been adopting democracy and federalism as constitutional frameworks of the state. The core objective to maintain the two political cultures is the presence of multiple cultural identities within the state and the actual need for an intersubjective discussion on the public sphere. And one of the major areas of public sphere is the social media. As per the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia citizens of Ethiopia have the democratic rights of Thoughts, Opinion and Expression (Art. 29), so in social media it is natural to expect that individuals talk on the different affairs of the state ‘freely’. Basically the social media is serving as an instrument in maintaining discursive talk among individuals. However, it has been also producing considerable social turmoil across the world. The same is what is encountering in Ethiopia today; on the one hand, social media as a communication platform allows people to communicate effectively with sharing alternative views, attitudes and forming democratic consensus on the social anomalies and responses, and on the other hand, the media is the sphere of communicative maladjustment where misunderstanding, extremism and miscommunication is producing. In the present Ethiopian context the basic source of communication and miscommunication in the social media is the ‘pluriversal identities’ of the cultural horizon. Taking this as a crucial object, this article will discuss the connection between democracy, federalism and social media in the current Ethiopia. On the top of this, the study aims at exploring the following issues: the social media sphere in Ethiopia, the modern and postmodern challenges of social media in Ethiopia and alternatives for the social media reconstruction.

In the multiethnic polity of Ethiopia, the practical realization of federalism in Ethiopia has been characterized by ethnic conflicts, manufacturing of difference and the abandoning of the grand narrative of Ethiopian unity. In this paper, using the notion of a public sphere as a space for public discourse and rationality from critical theory, I argue that the federal experiment in Ethiopia could only grow in the background of a public sphere that sustains a critical societal practice. Ethiopians could only engage in a common quest for societal progress and refinement, when they have a free and autonomous public sphere. This space serves as a platform for reflecting on the contradictions in Ethiopian modernity and also existential problems in the country. Such an effort to evolve a public sphere as a foundation for democracy could have foundations in the different precursors of Ethiopian modernity like Dekike Estifanos, hatata of Zera Yacob and writings of Negadras Gebrehiwot and Hiruy Woldeselassie. It could also be situated on new forms of public sphere like social media and their role in fostering democracy in Ethiopia.

The peculiarities of the praxeological approach to the study of the phenomenon of tourism hospitality are considered. Modern transformational processes penetrate deeply into all spheres of public life and involve a wide range of tools of cultural practices of human life to new realities. Among them, the dominant area is tourism with a strong system of interdependent links that affect the economy, politics, culture, religion, transport and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the phenomenon of legal reform in the sphere of national security on the example of modern Ukraine through the prism of modern theoretical jurisprudence and national security science. Such a reform is studied as an invariant of legal reforms, which is subject to all the general laws of initiating, organizing and conducting legal reform as a generic phenomenon. It was found that such a reform appears as a complex, multifaceted social phenomenon that reflects a certain level of general theoretical legal thought and national security, features of legal science, the state of legislative and conceptual developments on this issue, based on which it can be considered in various aspects. It is concluded that the legal reform in the sphere of national security provides for systematic, scientifically sound, socially acceptable and justified changes: 1) in the legislation that guarantees national security and protects national interests; 2) in the structure, organization and activities of public authorities and other entities responsible for ensuring national security, in the system of their functions and powers, as well as in the ways (forms, methods) of their implementation; 3) in the qualitative strengthening of the state of protection of the whole array of public relations, centered around national security and covered by the object of reform, from external and internal, real and potential threats. Thus, the reform of national security appears in the unity of three components: normative-legal (regulatory), managerial (subjective) and object (change of the sphere of public relations in the field of national security). It is proved that the reform of national security should take place in the legal plane, by legal means, with the involvement of those constructive elements and developments that have been made within the framework of both general theoretical jurisprudence and branch legal sciences. It is revealed that, from the procedural point of view, this reform is a set of measures initiated, organized and carried out by authorized subjects of national security (usually by higher state authorities) in accordance with existing public needs, lead to significant changes in legal, institutional and/or functional subsystems of national security, which leads to a qualitatively higher level of protection of national interests from real and potential, internal and external threats. Instead, in the institutional sense, such a reform should streamline and rationalize the activities of the state apparatus, in all its necessary components, to implement measures aimed at bringing the entire national security system of Ukraine in line with social needs, ensuring its institutional capacity constantly (continuously), effectively and timely respond (respond) to challenges to national interests, actively and consistently protect these interests both within the state and abroad, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The determination of relevant trends in economic and organizational aspects of public management of society is conditioned by the global character of economic, social, and cultural changes, the spread of new technologies during the IV international revolution, the crises associated with the pandemic of coronavirus, hybrid wars, trade wars, leadership struggle in the global and local scale and other problems of the world and local sort. The article uses the review of publications devoted to the further development of society to actualize the utilization of approaches to the progressive capitalism outlined by J. Stiglitz and the solidary civilization as the purposeful tendencies for the economic and organizational principles of the system of public management. The article ascertains that management of the further development of society requires a modern scientific argumentation and scientific support with the help of the development of the special scientific theory – the theory of public management. The directions of public management in the economic, institutional, social, cultural, and political spheres are proposed considering the stated tendencies in the formation of modern civilization. It is proved that finding an effective consensus between public authorities, entrepreneurs and the general public occupies a special place for economic development and implies that: - all types of public activity must be consistent with the peculiarities of modern civilizational development of the country; - economic interests of society should be an unconditional value in the search and implementation of management decisions that are formed in the constantly updated conditions of the country’s development. In today’s world, social transformation processes in the field of public administration require active theoretical argumentation and appropriate scientific support in order to make and implement socially important decisions on economic, social and cultural issues. Keywords: economic and organizational aspects, sustainable economic development, public management, public sphere, society, digital world, public consensus, progressive capitalism, solidary character of relations. Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 26.

The paper offers a critical reconstruction of Arendt’s concepts of revolution and public freedom. It is shown that, in spite of her self-proclaimed empiricism, Arendt’s approach to understanding politics, including the phenomenon of revolution, is normative. She insists that the main idea of all revolutions is the constitution of a political space of public freedom, and at the same time emphasizes that none of the revolutions has solved this task. Normative premises, on the basis of which Arendt judges the real historical experience, are considered: her interpretations of action, freedom and public sphere. Freedom is understood as the capacity to initiate something new, it is man’s destination and is expressed in action, which is identified with political activity. The action needs a common public space of freedom, which is free from the necessity to satisfy material needs for the maintenance of the biological life process. The distinction between public space and private sphere, which arose in the ancient polis, is a condition of the possibility of politics and freedom: politics is a realm of concern for public affairs, the private sphere is subject to the necessity to meet material needs. This distinction was destroyed in modern era with the advent of the social, when private interest occupied the public political sphere. Analysis of Arendt’s texts leads to the conclusion that she sees the essence of the revolution in the restoration of the original, ancient meaning of politics, which means the establishment of such forms of government that can ensure the political freedom of citizens, their right to participate in political debates and decision making. None of the revolutions solved this problem, because in the minds of both participants and theorists of revolution the “social question” came to the fore, that is, the problem of ensuring collective welfare, which should be solved by administrative methods of management, and not by political means. Representative democracy, established as a result of revolutions, in the end leads to a crisis of democratic legitimacy, since citizens have lost their political freedom to representative bodies. Contemporary experience proves that the condition for overcoming the crisis of democracy is the development of civil society along the lines suggested by Arendt’s concepts of public sphere and political freedom.

The recommendations of the Bohemian philanthropist of the late eighteenth century Leopold von Berchtold to travelers were not unique: there were others before and after. In the previous centuries other authors also tended to recommend their readers to pay attention to the economic state of foreign countries and provided them with a long list of questions they had to ask the people in the country of their destination. However, Berchtold's recommendations were the product of his time, the age of Enlightenment, and they mentioned numerous topics and problems characteristic for that period. For instance, the author believed that self-improvement of a traveler had to begin long before the start of the trip. In Berchtold's opinion, a traveler prepared for the journey was a kind of ideal, universal superhuman who was physically proficient, expert in all spheres of science, mechanics, economics, and medicine, who knew many languages, and was a talented artist and musician. Among the topics related to the Enlightenment, to which the author paid attention, were, for instance, patriotism of the traveler, which he understood as civil virtue, destined to improve not only his own country but also the whole of humankind. Moreover, patriotism in Berchtold's interpretation did not contradict cosmopolitanism but rather it based itself on it. Philanthropy -- which in the eighteenth century was a kind of secular religion -- also featured a lot in Berchtold's recommendations. Finally, the theme of doubt, as a basis for a critical assessment of reality and verification of authorities, pierced through the whole text of Leopold Berchtold. So did the topic of the public sphere, especially sociability and creation of social networks. The recommendations of Berchtold are thus valuable as a source that can tell a lot about the age of Enlightenment -- not only about the practical side of traveling but also about the intellectual history of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa / Doksa is the property of I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The statute is assigned to the theoretical foundations of the sphere of public administration, and the very establishment of such theories and practices in the organs of the microscopic selfregulation and organs of the viconavcha power. The foreign and the vital theoretical foundations were analyzed, as well as the prospects of that success in the future in Ukraine. The main changes and shortcomings of the technologies and theories are indicated. There is a lot of visnovka and boule presented propositions, as well as a thorough understanding of the introduction of new and old theoretical aspects of administration, as well as the introduction of new and new theoretical foundations of administration in public administration. For a large bulo, a sufficiently well-primed progress has been made for the present day of an unviable problem for our state and the world. That is, at the present moment, we are guilty of admitting the basic theory of administrative control at the public administration, among other common topics we are guilty of the main thesis, to which an article is assigned [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the development of the digital economy on reformatting the spheres of economic and public life is determined. It is revealed that the significant weight of financial and economic relations in the field of exchange, distribution and redistribution processes, which are manifested in cash flows, began to be occupied by transactions of electronic commodity-money circulation, requiring updated financial relations and providing for the formation and organization of payment systems, instruments based on the circulation of electronic money. The essence of electronic money, its subspecies has been clarified, the scope of application has been determined It is noted that in order to provide an updated path for the development of financial and economic relations, new payment systems are being formed, which, competing with each other, create more efficient and convenient platforms for making electronic payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and analysis of the basic directions of socio-political and journalistic activity of Andriy Zhuk during his Galician emigration is the purpose of the proposed work. The general scientific (analysis, synthesis and method of systematic approach) and special historical methods (historical-comparative, historical-genetic and historical-systemic) used in the process of disclosure of this topic allowed a comprehensive study of the social, political and cultural activities of the representative of Ukrainian political emigration in Galicia and to identify its main achievements in the direction of development and activation of the Ukrainian national liberation movement. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the active activity of A. I. Beetle in various public spheres and his unbridled desire to improve the fate of the Ukrainian people lead to the organization of a number of public associations and political organizations, the largest of which was the Union of Liberation of Ukraine. The functioning of this organization has led to many positive developments in addressing the national issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence and main functions of democracy in modern Europe are analyzed; the author argues that the democratic political regime in the united Europe has become a framework for implementing a sufficiently flexible and effective governance system (with all its shortcomings). In this context, it is possible to speak of a managerial-representative function of democracy as a mechanism for securing and reconciling the interests of many actors of sociopolitical and economic interaction within the EU. Democracy embodies a fair distribution of resources and goods, based on appropriate government and local government. In the European Union, democracy has become a tool for ensuring human rights, high levels of well-being of citizens, freedom of expression and pluralism in various spheres of public life. The effectiveness and functionality of European democracy needs special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence and main functions of democracy in modern Europe are analyzed; the author argues that the democratic political regime in the united Europe has become a framework for implementing a sufficiently flexible and effective governance system (with all its shortcomings). In this context, it is possible to speak of a managerial-representative function of democracy as a mechanism for securing and reconciling the interests of many actors of socio-political and economic interaction within the EU. Democracy embodies a fair distribution of resources and goods, based on appropriate government and local government. In the European Union, democracy has become a tool for ensuring human rights, high levels of well-being of citizens, freedom of expression and pluralism in various spheres of public life. The effectiveness and functionality of European democracy needs special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the current stage, the science of criminology faces important tasks able to immediately affect the future of each country in particular and humanity in general. The development of criminology as a science calls for an interdisciplinary approach which will allow a new understanding of the objectives of this science, the problems it encounters, as well as the ways to overcome such problems. The article is aimed at achieving scientific comprehension of the current state of criminology as a science and the problems it faces; and at developing the concept of the criminology science on the global scale subject to the multi-disciplinary approach. With a view to elaborating the concept of development of the criminology science, it would be appropriate to borrow positive experience gained in the field of medicine. Criminology, like medicine, has a need for development of preventive as well as "treatment" strategies, as well as for their widespread introduction into almost all aspects of public and private spheres of society. Over the past 200 years, medicine has made more than one great step forward, and in this connection, in this study the author attempts at applying a strategic model of medicine development over these years for the purpose of offering a strategic model of development of criminology at the present stage. Therefore, having examined the basic principles of development of medicine, the author has found that a significant reduction in the crime rate can be accomplished by taking the same strategic model for criminology as the one that has been selected for medicine 200 years ago, namely, to develop a uniform international academic model; to expand interaction within the criminological science; to strengthen the role of interdisciplinary connections, develop the standards for evaluating research results based on the outcomes of their practical application; to integrate new knowledge not only into scientific community but into the public sector as well. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that efficient development of criminology as a science is possible only with the application of the interdisciplinary approach and with active interaction of scientists and practitioners from different branches. Criminology should continue to follow a multidisciplinary trend following the lead of representatives of medicine, and should turn to all branches and disciplines inviting their representatives to join criminologists in the search for truth. Each branch and discipline has something to offer to criminology in the interdisciplinary context, and this is the only way to comprehensively resolve the crime combating challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article identifies specific problems of applying portfolio management methods and tools in the public sphere, related to both the features of the management system and the characteristics of the portfolio and projects - portfolio components. The analysis of approaches to optimization of the portfolio of projects in the public sphere is presented taking into account the fact that the projects are most often aimed not at obtaining the budget revenue but at achieving the socially significant goal, obtaining the socially significant result. The justification of the three-stage evaluation procedure for the components of the tourist territory development portfolio is provided, which allows: at the pre-selection stage to evaluate and rank each component of the portfolio according to the degree of compliance with the strategic goals of the territory development; in the second stage, supplement the assessment of the portfolio components with quantitative performance indicators showing changes in the tourist flow and corresponding changes in local budget revenues, as well as changes in the revenues of the tourism entities as the most significant stakeholder of the portfolio; in the third stage - to form an optimal set of portfolio components based on efficiency criteria and taking into account the restrictions on the volume of annual investments into the portfolio. The corresponding optimization issue of finding the maximum of the objective function - the volume of revenues from the total tourist flow, subject to the constraints of annual investments, is presented. The experience of forming a portfolio of projects of tourist territory development with its maximum efficiency and limitations on resources is covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main functions of women's social organizations in modern society, their opportunities to be included in political processes are analyzed. It is noted that women's organizations are a real form of political participation of women, promote their promotion in politics and public administration. Drawing attention to acute social problems, they indirectly influence the formation of the agenda of public policy at various levels and sectors. Based on the generalization of experience, the author identifies the main forms of interaction between the state and women's organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annotation. The impact of legal consciousness on the state authority actions and acts is analyzed in the article. According to the author's opinion legal consciousness can appear as means of active, efficient and constructive regulations of authoritative and political relations. It has a direct impact on the character of the state authority actions and acts as well as it determines their legitimacy. In the article the author is one of the first to introduce a concept of civil legal consciousness in the legal lexicon and also includes the following meaning: civil legal consciousness is a type of legal consciousness that is a set of legal views and senses, and which directly corresponds to the activities of public authorities and their legal and fair assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]