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The aim of the research was to evaluate the main causes and trends in the defoliation of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) trees in different natural zones of Ukraine according to forest monitoring data. Mean defoliation of common ash in 2001–2015 was the highest in the Steppe zone, and the highest proportion of damaged trees (42%) was in the Forest zone. In the Forest zone, diseases played the greatest role in damage to common ash trees, and the proportion of trees damaged by pathogens increased over three five-year periods. In the Forest-Steppe, about half of the damage to common ash trees (48.2%) was associated with abiotic factors, however, it decreased from 64.5% in 2001–2005 to 34.9% in 2011–2015. The proportion of trees affected by pathogens (41.6%) increased from 21.9% in 2001–2005 to 56% in 2011–2015. In the Steppe zone, the proportion of common ash trees damaged by insects prevailed, however, in 2006–2010, it was comparable to drought damage. The proportion of trees affected by ash dieback and foliage diseases increased from the Forest zone to the Steppe zone. The proportion of trees affected by bacterial cancer (tuberculosis) decreased from the Forest zone to the Steppe zone, and the proportion of trees affected by wood-decay decaying fungi was the largest in the Forest-Steppe zone. In the Forest zone and Forest-Steppe zone, bacterial cancer was most common. However, in the Forest-Steppe zone proportion of infected trees decreased from 72.4% in 2001–2005 to 38.9% in 2011–2015. The proportion of trees affected by ash dieback (caused by invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) increased in all zones and made up 25.8%, 5.9%, and 81.7% of all trees affected by diseases in the Forest, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe zones, respectively. However, in some cases, similar symptoms in the Steppe could be related to non-infectious dieback as a result of a lack of moisture.

The subject matter of the article is models, methods and information technologies of monitoring data aggregation. The goal of the article is to determine the best deep learning model for reducing the dimensionality of dynamic systems monitoring data. The following tasks were solved: analysis of existing dimensionality reduction approaches, description of the general architecture of vanilla and variational autoencoders, development of their architecture, development of software for training and testing of autoencoders, conducting research on the performance quality of autoencoders for the problem of dimensionality reduction. The following models and methods were used: data processing and preparation, data dimensionality reduction. The software was developed using the Python language. Scikit-learn, Pandas, PyTorch, NumPy, argparse and others were used as auxiliary libraries. Obtained results: the work presents a classification of models and methods for dimensionality reduction, general reviews of vanilla and variational autoencoders, which include a description of the models, their properties, loss functions and their application to the problem of dimensionality reduction. Custom autoencoder architectures were also created, including visual representations of the autoencoder architecture and descriptions of each component. The software for training and testing autoencoders was developed, the dynamic system monitoring data set, and the steps for pre-training the data set were described. The metric for evaluating the quality of models is also described; the configuration of autoencoders and their training are considered. Conclusions: The vanilla autoencoder recovers the data much better than the variational one. Looking at the fact that the architectures of the autoencoders are the same, except for the peculiarities of the autoencoders, it can be noted that a vanilla autoencoder compresses data better by keeping more useful variables for later recovery from the bottleneck. Additionally, by training on different bottleneck sizes, you can determine the size at which the data is recovered best, which means that the most important variables are preserved. Looking at the results in general, the autoencoders work effectively for the dimensionality reduction task and the data recovery quality metric shows that they recover the data well with an error of 3–4 digits after 0. In conclusion, the vanilla autoencoder is the best deep learning model for aggregating monitoring data of dynamic systems.

The issues of carbon stock and dynamic in different carbon pools in forest stands of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are considered. The aim of the study was to evaluate carbon stocks and their changes in main pools: trees biomass and mortmass. Data of two repeated observations on 19 permanent intensive forest monitoring plots in Kharkiv and Sumy regions were used. Conversion method was used. Study of increment and mortality dynamics at monitoring plots showed, that two processes impact carbon balance: biotic damage which leads to trees dieback, and partial removal of dead wood from stands. Oak stands have, on average, higher carbon stock in trees biomass and mortmass (102.9 t С ha-1) than the pine stands (98.7 t С ha-1), which is associated with a higher representation of mature and overmature oak stands. While comparison by age classes showed that pine stands, in general, have higher values of C in trees biomass, due to higher productivity. The increase in carbon stocks with age is observed. The annual change of C stock in trees biomass is the highest in younger stands, and it decreases with age; while in mortmass it increases. Mature and overmature oak stands have negative trees biomass and positive dead wood growth. At age 81-100 years oak forest stands have higher carbon storage capacity than pine (total carbon stock in main pools (biomass, mortmass, litter and soils (30-cm layer)) is 191.7 t C ha-1 for oak and 175.4 t C ha-1 for pine stands). Trees biomass carbon prevails among other pools (50.3 % in oak forests, and 57.6% in pine), the next is soil carbon pool (45.9 and 29.0%, respectively). National forest inventory will provide data for assessments of carbon stocks and dynamics in trees biomass and mortmass pools. However, forest soil monitoring is necessary to evaluate carbon pools in soils and litter.

The possibility of using the gradientless n-parametric minimization of Powell'64 in the tasks of monitoring the workflow of ship diesel engines is considered. Monitoring the workflow of ship diesel engines includes the problem of cyclical analysis of indicator diagrams in the working cylinders. The problem of data synchronization should be solved - the transfer of pressure charts from the time function to an angle of crankshaft rotation function. It is shown that the hardware detection of the crankshaft rotation phases applying pick-up sensors configured in statics will have errors when the engine is under load. The synchronization task should be solved with the help of an algorithm by analyzing the indicator diagram in real time. Examples of the search for a global minimum of the Rosenbrock test function are given. Applying the Powell'64 method, least square method functionals are minimized in problems of synchronization and modeling of compression-expansion curves in the working cylinder. Cases of data synchronization calculation for low-speed two-stroke and mid-envelope four-stroke marine diesel engines are shown. Taking into account the assumptions made in practice, it was shown that at the point of maximum pressure growth rate on the compression curve, the cylinder volume above the piston can be calculated applying the known geometric dimensions of the cylinder and the P and dP/dφ values obtained from the indicator diagram. The next step is to calculate the first approximation of the position of the top dead center of the piston, and the application of the digital filters is necessary. Finally, the synchronization problem is solved on the basis of the equation dP/dφ = 0, compiled for the section from the start of compression to the start of combustion in the cylinder. The selection of boundary conditions for modeling is shown. The advantage of applying the Powell'64 method is its high efficiency for quadratic functionals. Unlike gradient methods, the Powell'64 method does not require the calculation of derivatives and is universal to minimize complex nonlinear functionals of a general form. The original author's algorithm for data synchronization by analyzing indicator diagrams, which applies the Powell'64 method, is used in the latest versions of the D4.0HT marine diesel engine monitoring systems

Influence of a complex treatment with β-blocker on the data of 24-h Holter ECG monitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by occupational dusts was established. The decrease of premature ventricular beats in nebivolol in a complex treatment in patients with COPD has been shown. The decrease of frequent monomorphic and absence of coupled repetitive ventricular extrasystoles (VE), as well as tendency to the decline of monomorphic occasional and polymorphic VE with the administration of nebivolol in a complex therapy after 6 months of treatment was shown. The use of nebivolol in a complex treatment results in the decline of sympathetic activity. At the end of supervision period in patients of the nebivolol group the increase of indices characterizing heart rate variability (HRV) - SDNN and SDNNi, as well as increase of rMSSD and pNN50 was established, this testifies to the decrease of sympathetic and increase of parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). After 6 month of treatment worsening of the respiratory function was not registered. The administration of nebivolol in a complex therapy in patients with occupational COPD does not worsen respiratory status, being safe for this category of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many as 50 patients presenting with unstable angina were examined for clinicofunctional status, using bicycle ergometry [correction of veloergometry], transesophageal electrocardiostimulation and 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring during 1-yr follow-up. The results of exercise tests at enrollment into the study suggested a dramatic decrement in the patients' exercise tolerance, as to Holter, with the painless myocardial ischemia tending to be more common among them than the painful one. A follow-up study a year later showed the course of the illness to be most variable among those cases presenting with unstable angina. A correction of their management being warranted, the latter was then tailored to the individual on the basis of findings from a comprehensive evaluation of each of them at the original admission to a hospital.

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The article examines the environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The problems of bringing the aggressor state to responsibility for ecocide are analyzed. Having found a legislative enshrinement in the national criminal law (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), ecocide has not been enshrined in international criminal law. It is not recognized as a crime either in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or in any other international legal act. As of today, Russian crimes against the environment can be investigated by the International Criminal Court as war crimes. The author of the article supports the proposal regarding the need to include the crime of ecocide in the Rome Statute. The ecological and legal aspect of the formation of an international compensation mechanism is studied, the components of which are: 1) an international register of damages; 2) compensation commission (which will consider individual applications for compensation by the Russian Federation for losses from citizens, companies and the state); 3) compensation fund (which will accumulate funds to pay commission decisions, including at the expense of confiscated Russian assets). The mechanism of compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is analyzed, and ways of its optimization are proposed. The future compensation mechanism should be based on the «ecosystem services approach», which will significantly increase the amount of environmental damage that the Russian Federation will pay to Ukraine. The international practice of compensation for environmental damage caused by the aggressor as a result of military actions and temporary occupation was studied and analyzed. The author emphasized the need to reform the state environmental monitoring system. Without reliable monitoring data, it is difficult to prove a causal relationship between the illegal actions of the aggressor state and the damage caused to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of mass digitalization of all existing spheres of human activity, the amount of data is constantly growing and it is crucial to be able to work with such volume of data for the solution of various problems. One of the most common data structures is a time series — a sequence of data points, collected over some period of time, usually in chronological order. The time series comprise various financial indicators, environmental monitoring data, medical information, etc. Wide range of application areas makes the problem of time series analysis important and relevant. The quality of the time series forecast greatly depends on the quality of the performed analysis, which may include data standardization, detection of significant indicators, correlation analysis, etc. Anomaly detection occupies very important place among these steps. Anomalies are data points that differ in some way from other values in the dataset or violate certain data behavior patterns. The presence of similar records greatly affects the ability of machine learning models make accurate predictions, is why it is necessary to have the possibility for the identification of these anomalies. New method of local anomalies identification of the environment state indices using half-wave decomposition has been developed. Main idea of the method is to decompose the time series into half-waves, using trend points where the fall changes growth or vice versa and split the series into fragments. Each fragment is analyzed separately and is checked for anomalies by combining numerous methods. The accuracy of the methods is verified, applying the expert method. Main steps of the proposed method are described and the example of the method usage on real air quality monitoring data obtained from one of the stations of the EcoCity public monitoring network within the international program “Clean Air for Ukraine” is given. The proposed method was implemented and tested on the Kaggle platform’s notebook. The result of the anomaly detection was used for the construction of the Facebook Prophet model and the accuracy of the time series approximation was compared with the results of the Prophet model operation with the default parameters. Tests have shown 11 % decrease of approximation error of time series for RMSE metric and 8 % decrease for MAE metric. This result confirms the effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective: to determine the diagnostic value of biomarkers of placental dysfunction at different stages of gestation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2015–2022 on the basis of the municipal non-commercial enterprise “Maternity House No.5” of the Odesa City Council. We analyzed the course and clinical outcomes of pregnancies in 118 women (the main group) who developed and established placental dysfunction (PD) during pregnancy at different stages of gestation. The control group included 78 healthy women whose pregnancies occurred without PD. In women of both groups the frequency of detection of risk factors for PD was assessed by analyzing the content of placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) biomarkers in blood serum, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and β-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Fetal growth retardation was determined by deviations of fetal metric indicators (abdominal circumference, head circumference, biparietal size, thigh length, estimated fetal weight) below the 10th percentile. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using Statistica 14.0 software (TIBCO, USA). Results. Among the examined women of both groups, cases where the pregnancy occurred at the age of 30 years or more and was the first pregnancy that did not end in abortion prevailed. The average age of women in the main group was 33.4±2.3 years, the control group – 29.3±1.4 years. The main group had more women with a history of multiple abortions (odds ratio (OR)=5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–18.8). Disorders of the menstrual cycle in history were found in 39 (33.1%) women of the main group and in 18 (23%) women of the control group (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 0.9–3.2). Concomitant gynecological diseases were represented by uterine fibroids – in 16 (13.6%) pregnant women of the main group and in 8 (10.2%) women of the control group (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 0.6–3.4), benign ovarian tumors – in 13 (11.0%); OR=20.1, 95% CI: 1.2–343.1), mastopathy – in 19 (16.1%; OR=30.8, 95% CI: 1.8–517.6) women of the main group. A significant number of women in the main group had a hypertrophic nutritional status – the body mass index (BMI) at the time of pregnancy was on average 26.7±0.9 kg/m², women in the control group were represented by the normotrophic type (BMI – 22.2±0.3 kg/m² ), in 4 women the indicator was more 30 kg/m² . In the vast majority of pregnant women (68 persons – 57.6%) of the main group the signs of placental malperfusion were registered up to 34 weeks. In 12 (10.2%) cases a primary PD was established. The content of PIGF in women of the main group at the 20th week of pregnancy decreased to 83±4 pg/ml, which is significantly less than the reference values (≥100 pg/ml). On the other hand, in the control group the PIGF concentration was 147±8 pg/ ml (p<0.05). The sFlt-1 amount in the main group corresponded to the level of 3395±62 pg/ml. Therefore, the ratio of sFlt-1/ PlGF was equal to 40.8±0.4, which is prognostically unfavorable. The PAPP-A indicator, according to monitoring data at the 20th week of pregnancy, was 0.77±0.08 mU/l. In pregnant women with lower values in the future PD occurred earlier. As for the indicators of the β-subunit of hCG, the levels of this hormone in most cases corresponded to the normative values, amounting to an average of 4.7±0.1 IU/l in a pregnancy with a male fetus and 8133±21 IU/l in a pregnancy with a female fetus. Signs of preeclampsia were determined in 22 (18.6%) pregnant women of the main group. The value of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in these pregnant women exceeded 50.0. Conclusions. In the vast majority of pregnant women of the main group (68 – 57.6%) the signs of placental malperfusion were found up to 34 weeks. In 22 (18.6%) pregnant women with placental dysfunction (PD) the signs of preeclampsia were detected, the development of which increases when the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio exceeds 50, starting from the II trimester of pregnancy, which is an early biomarker of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented in the article information is of a scientific and methodical character. The generalizing approach and the method for solving the problem of evaluation the angular distortions of modern Earths reference systems, which are caused by the influence of geodynamic processes, are proposed. The method is intended for use of Earth monitoring data using global navigation satellite systems GNSS. The method is based on the theory of transformation of images of the Riemannian space in the form of complex diffeomorphic manifolds. The complex manifold is the tangent Euclidean space, which is parameterized by a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. This choice is justified by the fact that this parameterization system is the geometric basis of modern reference systems and is subject to monitoring by the GNSS method. The problem of evaluation the distortion of reference systems is considered in relationship with the problem of evaluation the deformations of the Earth. The article provides theoretical justifications, the algorithm for creating the functional model based on the homeomorphism of the transformation of space, and the results of solutions, which together form a method for evaluation of three-dimensional deformations of the Earth. The general conditions of homeomorphism of transformations make it possible to evaluate the nonlinear deformations of the Earth regardless of their scale - global, regional or local. The article focuses on the ability of the method to express the rigid rotation of the Earth. It has been proven that exactly this sign of the deformation is associated with angular distortions of the coordinate system. Analytical expressions of the absolute indicators of angular distortions of the coordinate system for arbitrarily chosen epochs of observations relative to the initial orthogonal state are derived. The method can be recommended for monitoring of the conventional static and, to the greatest extent, the kinematic reference systems of national and regional scales in territories with increased activity of geodynamic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of pollution of small rivers of Ukraine and the search for ways to solve them were and remain quite relevant. In connection with the intensive exploitation of Kryvbas iron ore deposits and significant quarry and mine drainage, specific hydrochemical conditions have arisen in this region. It is also important that as of March 1, 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine once again allowed mining enterprises of the Kryvyi Rih Basin to discharge return water from tailings in the Ingulets River and Saksagan River "to prevent an emergency situation at hydrotechnical facilities". The work investigated and analyzed the current physico-chemical state of the Saksagan River with the help of own monitoring studies and online state monitoring data, provided an assessment of the state of the river as a source of economic, drinking and fishery use. The research was conducted in the summer of 2023, 9 monitoring points on the Saksagan River of the Kryvorizka district, Dnipropetrovsk region were selected for chemical analysis of water, previously the points were grouped into 3 groups of three according to territorial characteristics. According to the research results, it was found that the water in all experimental areas does not meet the normative indicators of water quality for fishery needs in terms of sulfates, chlorides and general mineralization. With regard to sulfates, the water does not meet the fishery standards at all moritoring points, and only points 1 and 9 meet the sanitary stan-dards. The water does not meet the normative indicators of water quality for drinking, household and other needs in terms of chlorides and general mineralization, and at almost all points in terms of sulfates (points No. 2, 4-8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock salt development brings risks of harmful impact on water resources, in particular the Tysa River, posing a threat of cross-border spread of saline pollution on the border between Ukraine and Romania (Solotvyn rock salt deposit, Transcarpathia, western Ukraine). The impact of technogenic load (underground mining of rock salt) within the deposit led to deformation of the structure and nature of water exchange, intensification of suffusion and karst processes, ground surface deformations, catastrophic inflows of groundwater into mines, and, as a result, to the cessation of development of this deposit in 2010. However, the suspension of salt mining did not stop the development of the above-mentioned hazardous geological processes caused by both natural and man-made factors. In order to justify measures for prevention pollution of the Tysa River basin, a hydrogeological model of the Solotvyna rock salt deposit and surrounding areas was created, which allowed to predict the direction and flow rate of fresh and saline groundwater. The model was developed using new data on the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the study area (groundwater monitoring data). The modernised hydrodynamic model includes five layers (main aquifers and confining layers). As a result of modelling, maps of the velocity vectors and head contours for two aquifers (Quaternary and Tortonian) were obtained. Based on the results of solving a number of inverse problems, the functional correspondence of the model to natural and anthropogenic conditions was proved. According to the preliminary calculations of the actual groundwater filtration velocity and the path lines of the inert pollutant spreading, it was found that the time of its migration from the salt contour to the Tysa River is approximately 2-3 years. The developed groundwater flow model will be used to substantiate the network of hydrological and hydrogeological observation points in order to optimise the monitoring of water pollution processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the system of monitoring the quality of the natural environment. The article emphasizes that the main source of information on the qualitative state of the natural environment, as well as information on the state of natural resources, is environmental monitoring. In order to obtain reliable environmental information, the state system of environmental monitoring must function properly and have an appropriate legal basis. Attention was drawn to the fact that today the state system of environmental monitoring needs substantial reformation and improvement of the legal framework for management activities in the specified area. Attention is drawn to some problems in the system of information provision of nature management and environmental protection. The shortcomings of the system of monitoring both the state of the natural environment and the qualitative state of Ukraine's land resources are highlighted. The author highlights the main tasks and focus of environmental monitoring. It is emphasized that the leading role in the formation of the system of information support for the rational use and protection of natural resources belongs to environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to land and soil monitoring. It is emphasized that the function of land and soil monitoring is entrusted to the central executive body that implements state policy in the field of land relations, the central executive body that implements state policy in the field of environmental protection, which in turn will help to eliminate the problem of the monitoring organization system. At the same time, land and soil monitoring data will be collected in one database, which will help to compare them and carry out an appropriate analysis of the qualitative state of lands and soils. Changes to the environmental legislation regarding the legal regulation of the functioning of the state environmental monitoring system have been studied and analyzed. Legislative norms aimed at improving the legal regulation of information on the state of the environment and mechanisms for ensuring access to it are analyzed. It was emphasized that the reform of the state environmental monitoring system is a new stage in the improvement of the information system and its interaction with similar systems in other countries of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Solving tasks of interdisciplinary research deepening during sustainable development problems solutions search for real social-ecological-economical objects based on systemological modelling and introducing information-entropy space of such objects state and functionality determining for making managerial decisions in uncertainty conditions. Objective. Modelling current situation of researched social-ecological-economical object as the cooperative connection «studied system-environment» based on systemological model, which determines object study goal conditions due to discovery of internal and external factors interaction inside information-entropy space of object functioning representation. Method. The paper presents the logical-experimental research results of complex social-ecological-economical objects state estimation, their development in stochastic environment conditions from the point of view of sustainable development requirements match based on proposed approach. This approach is the systemological basis of studied object entropy model creation and algorithmization by ecological functional of quality of the complex system objects goal state. The quality functional is the interrelation of «object systems-environment» state entropy functions and their interaction processes, which are gotten through monitoring data statistical analyses of objects that belong to technogenic (economical), social and natural systems. Results. The usage of systemology basis complex union for studied object structure identification is suggested for the first time, along with identification of theoretical knowledge for informational entropy for any object system element description and entropic description of states and process. The relative accordance functional is introduced for final evaluation of the studied object equilibrium. It allows to estimate the presence of system and processes unstable points on the basis of nested system structure. It is important for decision making with synergistically positive feedbacks prediction. Conclusions. The systems and process states entropic estimation complex approach is determined. The systemological model «object-environment» is the basis for determining conditions of studied object sustainable development due to usage of found spontaneous and natural synergistically feedbacks. The universal research base for complex systems study was received for their state and functionality estimation due to process synergy and «object-environment» connections that are based on complex usage of systemological modelling and input information entropy estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the actual problem of groundwater contamination with petroleum products and its transformation under the influence of climatic factors. The global experience of studying the influence of groundwater table fluctuations on the transformation of petroleum contamination, in particular, the processes of redistribution of mobile petroleum products, dissolution, evaporation, and biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds, as well as the difference between the actual thickness of a mobile petroleum product layer in porous media and the apparent thickness of a mobile petroleum product layer in a monitoring well was analyzed, which is important to plan remedial actions. The impact of groundwater table fluctuations on transformation of the petroleum contamination source within the warehouse of fuels and lubricants of the Boryspil airport was studied. As a result of groundwater table fluctuations, kerosene was “smeared” in the vadose zone, which led to an increase in the soil contamination area. During the observation period, a mobile kerosene layer almost disappeared when a groundwater table rose and restored when a groundwater table decreased, while the vadose zone was additionally contaminated since a new capillary zone was formed during each rise ofa groundwater table and kerosene. The long-term amplitude of groundwater table fluctuations was 2.4 m, and apetroleum contamination zone was also within these limits. During the observation period, the largest area of groundwater contamination with dissolved petroleum products was observed at the lowest groundwater table elevations in 2016. The highest concentration of dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater (75.98 mg/dm3 ) wasfound within amobile kerosene lens. Beyond the mobile kerosene lens, spreading of groundwater contamination with dissolved hydrocarbons is limited. The analysis of the monitoring data of the petroleum contamination source within the warehouse of fuels and lubricants of the Boryspil airport indicates that at present subsurface contamination with petroleum products is localized, and its further spreading is not expected. It is recommended to continue in the future monitoring of the natural attenuation of subsurface contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of continuous air monitoring during active hostilities near Kyiv was turned off in order to ensure security and mask the movement of Ukrainian military equipment. A study was conducted to determine the impact of military actions on the movement of air masses contaminated with fine dust: solid particles up to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) and 10 microns (PM10). During the fall or detonation of rockets, artillery shells and mines, as well as during the movement of a large amount of heavy military equipment, a large amount of finely dispersed dust of PM2.5 and PM10 fractions is formed, which spreads over long distances and settles on buildings, soils and plants. Getting this dust into the lungs negatively affects the human body in the form of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular complications. Usually, it is almost impossible to collect and analyze all the factors and factors affecting the person and the environment, because it is too complex a system in which accurate data and calculations are difficult, especially during active military operations. The collected monitoring data can help in the general assessment of the impact on the population and the surrounding natural environment and assess the potential damage caused by aggressive military actions. During the study, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 solid dust particles in the atmospheric air after missile, artillery, bomb attacks and other influential factors of a military nature was analyzed, as well as an assessment of the potential impact of such particles on the health of the population and the environment. Sampling was carried out on the territory of the city of Kyiv in the Shevchenkivskyi, Holosiivskyi, Obolonskyi, Svyatoshynskyi, Solomyanskyi districts. Due to the fact that it was impossible to predict the place of fall or impact of projectiles, some measurements were made in places as close as possible to the points of impact. The results of the analysis of the impact of PM2.5 and PM10 fine particles on the environment showed that due to atmospheric air pollution, the particles can settle on plants, enter the soil, water and subsequently negatively affect the state of local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Forests are an integral component of the environment. However, in recent years, there has been a trend towards deforestation in the Volyn region. The main causes of losses were felling and destruction of forests by pests, diseases and fires. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the forest cover of the Volyn region, its verification, assessment of the current state of the forest cover, determination of the trend of change and outline of the main measures to improve the protection and rational use of forest resources. Methods. Research methods: expeditionary (to study the state of forest cover in a specific area of interest), mathematical statistics (for statistical processing of monitoring results), expert evaluation (to establish the reasons for changes in forest cover), remote sensing (to assess the extent of change in forest cover). Used Ecological passports of the Volyn region for 2017-20, materials of own research, data from web services for monitoring the forests, Sentinel-2 satellite images. Results. Data on the area of forests and deforestation in the Volyn region, obtained from various sources, are compared with each other. For example, according to EOS Forest Monitoring data, the area of forests in the Volyn region in 2020 was 1,108 million ha, according to Global Forest Watch – 0,733 million ha, according to the results of determining the area of forests in Google Earth Engine – 0,853 million ha. Forest cover was 55,02%, 36,38% and 42,35%, respectively. According to official information from the Ecological Passport of the region – 34%. Such differences are understandable and are explained by the difference in the method of definition. For the period 2001-21 forest losses amounted to 0,103 million ha. The area of non-forest land for forestry purposes is growing. In 2017, their area amounted to 1692.3 ha, in 2018 - 32459.3 ha, in 2019 - 34136.86 ha, in 2020 - 42436.33 ha. Evidently, in 2018, there were changes in the approach to defining these lands. The area of dead forest plantations is decreasing. If in 2017 it amounted to 2915 ha, then in 2018 it decreased by 43.01%, in 2019 - by another 22.36%, in 2020 - by another 33.22%. Most of the forest plantations died from pests and diseases. The above-mentioned decrease in the area is explained by effective and large-scale sanitary felling in previous years. The area of forests destroyed by fires is insignificant. Forest losses were caused by extreme weather conditions in some years (2017, 2019). Measures for the rational use and protection of forests in the Volyn region are proposed. The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to compare different assessment methods for a definition of the current state of forest cover in the Volyn region and the trend of its change. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results for the development of a set of measures for the rational use and protection of forests in the Volyn region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective: to study the clinical-psychopathological features and psycho-emotional symptoms and borderline mental disorders in women of reproductive age after hysterectomy due to leiomyoma. Materials and methods. An assessment of the psychological state of 160 women after hysterectomy for leiomyoma was carried out. 90 patients of them (average age – 45.9±1.3 years old) had transvaginal hysterectomy, both classic and laparoscopically assisted one with opportunistic salpingectomy (I group) and 70 patients (average age – 47.2±1.6 years old) – abdominal hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy (II group). The control group included 50 women 45.7±1.3 years old with asymptomatic leiomyoma. Clinical psychopathological, anamnestic and experimental psychological methods were used. Pathopsychological methods included methods of visual presentation of the personality profile using the Minnesota Multifaceted Personality Questionnaire. The survey was conducted at the pre-operative period, during the adaptation period and during 12 months. Statistical processing of monitoring data was carried out according to the φ-criterion using the statistical analysis software package STATISTICA v. 10 and Microsoft Office Excel application. Results. The results of the questionnaire determined that 44 (48.89 %) patients of the I group and 33 (47.14 %) women of the II group had disorders related to anxiety, and 6 (6.67 %) and 5 (7 .14 %) of the patients of both groups, respectively, were diagnosed depression before surgical treatment. After hysterectomy the number of patients with an anxiety disorder increased to 52 (57.78 %) in the I group and 41 (52.57 %) – II group, with depression – to 10 (11.11 %) and 8 (11.43 %) women, respectively. However, the psychopathological analysis with psychologists in 12 months after hysterectomy determined affective symptoms in 11 (15.7±7.0 %), and latent depression with a somatopsychic correlation, manifested by a feeling palpitation, cardialgias, vegetative disorders was found in 8 (11.4±6.0 %) cases. The type of personality accentuation influenced the development of psychoemotional manifestations. In this structure, the largest rate consisted of psychoasthenic and hysterical character traits. The age of the patient was important when analyzing additional psychological factors. Women under 44 years old associated hysterectomy with loss of femininity with premature aging of the organism. The patients with successful implementation of their role in the family and society had better postoperative psychological adaptation. Conclusions. There is a trend toward an increased number of anxiety and depressive disorders after hysterectomy in women with leiomyoma. After 12 months, affective symptoms were present in 11 (15.7±7.0 %) cases and in 8 (11.4±6.0 %) cases – hidden depression. Postoperative rehabilitation should include a consultation with a psychologist to identify and treat borderline mental disorders, which will lead to the initiation of compensatory and adaptive reactions of the body and the normalization of the psycho-emotional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study of the daily blood pressure profile, taking into account the polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene in patients with arterial hypertension with past myocardial infarction. The study involved 36 men with stage III hypertension, grade 1-3 arterial hypertension, with past myocardial infarction. The average age in the study group was 57.0 (52.0; 64.0) years, the experience of hypertension was 6.3 (4.0; 15.0) years. The average period after a heart attack was 48.0 (12.0; 144.0) months. The study of the type 1 angiotensin II receptor gene on the DNA-sorb-B test system was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction method with the restriction of products by endonuclease. 24-hour blood pressure monitoring was performed according to the standard method. It was found that, in general, in the group, the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to the median corresponded to the target ones. But the blood pressure load indicators both for the day and separately during the day and at night exceeded the normal range. In an intergroup analysis, significantly higher blood pressure figures and pressure load indices were registered in patients with the CC genotype of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene. In addition, this group of patients showed a high incidence of adverse variants of circadian fluctuations in blood pressure. In accordance to the daily monitoring data, only 13 (34.2%) patients achieved the target level of blood pressure: with the AA genotype – in 6 (15.9%) patients, with the AC genotype – in 6 (15.9%) patients and in 1 (2.6%) patient with CC genotype of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene. In 4 (10.5%) patients with the AA genotype and in 3 (7.9%) patients with the AC genotype of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene, achievement of the target level of blood pressure was registered in the normal range of blood pressure load indices. In other cases, the target level of arterial pressure was accompanied by an increase in pressure load indices, which indicates incomplete daily control of arterial hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the multi-criteria task of optimizing the operating modes of cathodic protection stations (CPS), considering monitoring data, geological conditions at the pipeline installation site, climatic or seasonal changes, and other factors. The relevance of this research is associated with a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the durability and reliability of trunk pipelines to reduce accidents at their facilities by ensuring the efficiency of electrochemical protection (EChP) systems. The problems of existing EChP systems are analyzed, where the elimination of anode zones ("lack of protection") due to cathodic polarization is carried out without operational consideration of environmental conditions, as a rule, with a margin in terms of protective potential, which often leads to "overprotection", resulting in increased power consumption, gas formation on the metal surface, and detachment and wear insulation of pipelines. The aim of this research is to create a method for optimal regulation of the operation modes of the main pipelines and an adaptive electrochemical protection system that provides control and parameter management of cathodic protection stations, considering changes in external conditions on individual linear sections of main pipelines. Tasks: to develop an adjustment method for finding the effect of the CPS on the value of potentials at control points along the pipeline route; to develop a multicriteria optimization model for regulating the operation modes of the CPS; and to provide an example of testing the method of optimal regulation on the objects of the linear part of the existing main gas pipeline. The following results were obtained. A method is proposed for determining the effect of CPS operating modes on the value of potentials at control points in the mode of interrupting the protection current of other stations. An optimization model was formed according to the criterion of uniformity of the distribution of the protective potential "pipe-ground" along the pipeline route and according to the criterion of the minimum total protective current of all CPSs on a given section of the main pipeline. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is associated with the development of an original optimization method that allows scientifically determining the operation modes of the CPS to ensure the protection of the main pipeline both in time and length with reduced operating costs and adaptability to changes in climatic, seasonal, and geological conditions at the pipeline installation site. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the regulation of the parameters of the CPS based on the monitoring data of the section of the main gas pipeline of the oil and gas complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Topicality: The variety of manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in otolaryngological practice has made this problem relevant for the past decades. The development of LPR is associated with impaired function of the upper esophageal sphincter, which allows reflux to enter the larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity and middle ear cavity. In a number of studies, pathological reflux has been identified as one of the factors in the development of cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. Aim of the study: to improve methods fors creening and diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer stage I-II (T1-2N0M0). Materials and methods: The study group included 93 patients with stage I-II laryngeal cancer (T1-2N0M0). The control group was represented by 36 patients with reflux-associated benign neoplasms of the larynx. For preliminary diagnosis and objectification of complaints used the RSI test. To increase the accuracy of interpretation and objectification of laryngoscopic manifestations of LPR, the RFS scale was used. The daily pH-monitoring was carried out using an AG-1pH-M acidogastrograph with an electrode system. The severity of reflux was determined according to DeMeester criteria. According to the results of pH monitoring, clinical groups were formed. Results: When analyzing the results of the examination, the RSI index exceeded "9" in 41 (44.1%) patients. When tested on the RFS scale, the indicator "13 and higher" was recorded in 48 (51.6%) patients. All patients (41) with a positive RSI test received 24-hour pH monitoring. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (80.1%) patients with a positive RSI test. The study group consisted of 33 (80.1%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx T1-2N0M0. After 24-hour pH-monitoring, we obtained the data: mild LPR was observed in 6 (18.2%) patients, moderate severity of LPR in 18 (54.5%) and severe LPR in 9 (27.3%). In patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR, the DeMeester criterion exceeded 14.72. Conclusions: Comparison of pH-monitoring data and visual-analogue scales reaches 80.1% of compliance in patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (35.5%) of the examined patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Using the modified The Reflux Symptom Index and The Reflux Finding Score scales is a highly reliable method for screening the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Perspectives / Medičnì Perspektivi is the property of Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modeling predictions are presented of radionuclide transport processes in the zone of influence of the Zahidne uranium mill tailings situated at the Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (PChP), Kamianske. The groundwater transport model was developed using the NORMALYSA software. Refined estimates of parameters of water exchange in the zone of uranium mill tailing (obtained from field studies and modeling of groundwater flow processes) were used to parameterize the model for radionuclide transport in groundwater. Calibration of the radionuclide transport model using monitoring data on radioactive contamination of groundwater in 2005 - 2021 allowed to estimate the sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) for the most hazardous contaminants 238,234U isotopes (Kd = 8 ± 2 l/kg) and estimate the rate of uranium migration in groundwater. According to modeling, during the next 800 to 1100 years, uranium concentration in wells in the zone of influence of uranium mill tailing (at 500 - 800 m distance) will be determined mainly by the contamination of the alluvial aquifer, which was formed during the operation period of the uranium mill tailing. According to modeling predictions, usage of groundwater (partial drinking water consumption, irrigation) outside the PChP site downstream of the uranium mill tailing will result in doses exceeding the relevant reference level (annual effective dose > 1 mSv/year) in 380 - 440 years, while the toxicological impact will result in the exceeding of the acceptable hazard index for uranium (HI > 1) in 200 - 260 years. Modeling results indicate the importance of restricting the use of groundwater downstream of the uranium mill tailing within the PChP industrial site and, in the longer term, beyond its boundary. At the same time, contamination of the Konoplyanka River due to the migration of radionuclides from the uranium mill tailing does not pose unacceptable radiological and toxicological risks for the considered scenario (irrigation, fish consumption) due to the dilution of contaminants in surface waters.

Medical data processing is one of the priority machine learning areas. Usually, data obtained in the process of medical patient monitoring are complex and have a different nature. Solving the problem of clustering, classification, or forecasting problem these data requires the creation of new methods or improvement of existing methods to improve the decision accuracy and effectiveness. The classical clustering approaches and the c-means fuzzy clustering method were analyzed. Based on the multiagent systems theory, it is proposed to use in the c-means method the separate rules for selecting elites when forming clusters and selecting the best of them in accordance with the chosen intra-cluster distance measures. The result of solving such a problem is the number of clusters, as well as the number of elements in them. The method quality was tested on Fisher iris data set using three measures of intra-cluster distance: Mahalanobis distance, Mahalanobis distance considering the membership function, and Kullbak-Leibler entropy. The highest accuracy of 98% was obtained for the distance measured by the Kullbak-Leibler entropy. Therefore, this measure was chosen to solve the clustering problem of medical monitoring data for prostate disease. Medical monitoring data were divided into four classes of patient states: “healthy persons”, “non-metastatic patients”, “metastatic patients” and “hormone-resistant patients”. The accuracy of clustering according to medical data was 95,6%. In addition to accuracy, the confusion matrix, ROC- and LF-curves were used to assess the method quality. The minimum value of the ROC-curve was 0.96 for Fisher's irises and 0.95 for medical monitoring data, which characterizes the high quality of the proposed clustering method. The loss function value is also quite small (-0.056 and -0.0176 for each considered data set), which means that the optimal cluster number and the distribution of data over them are obtained. Based on the obtained results analysis, the proposed method can be recommended for use in medical information and diagnostic decision support systems for clustering monitoring data.

Copyright of Medicina Neotloznyh Sostoanij is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Èlektronnoe Modelirovanie is the property of Pukhov Institute for Modeling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bioeconomics & Agrarian Business / Bìoekonomìka ta Agrarnij Bìznes is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aktual'naa Infektologia is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To assess an impact of the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) activity on the control area (CA) environment according to environmental and radiation monitoring data over time of 2011-2017 as a component of the radiation safety system. Materials and methods. Review of geographical and natural features of the territory of the «Rivne NPP» manufacturing facility was carried out to assess its CA environment. Assessment of environmental and radiation situation of the CA was carried out according to the data of RNPP monitoring systems and a number of state institutions of Rivne oblast over time of 2011-2017. Opinion of the CA population about the RNPP environmental impact was studied. The sampled population of respondents was calculated based on the total population living in CA. The sampling error no more that 7.0%. Data from sociological survey of population were calculated using the statistical programs. Results. The radiation impact of RNPP on environment is related to emissions and discharges of radioactive substances generated in the production cycle. Over time the total index of radionuclide discharge to the Styr River since 2011 is of a marked downward trend from 2.11 % to 0.18 %. The maximum concentrations of 60Co and 137Cs radionuclides at the three sampling points along the Styr River over time of 2011-2016 were about one thousandth of a percent, and of 131I - one hundredth of a permissible value according to the Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (RSSU). Emissions of inert radioactive gases and long-lived nuclides into the atmosphere were less than 0.2 % and iodine emissions were 0.01 % to the emission limit. Average radionuclide concentrations in the natural air of the RNPP CA settlements did not exceed the admissible concentration limit (ACL). Concentrations of chemical pollutants in discharges of the RNPP to the Styr River over time of 2012-2017 did not exceed the ACL. Integral wastewaters of municipal enterprises of the CA and RNPP result in an increased index of biochemical oxygen utilization and ammonium salt content in the Styr River, exceeding the ACL in fishery reservoir water. No exceedance of ACL of repugnant substances in the open air of settlements was observed regarding the pollutants under study. According to population survey the radiation contamination of territories as a result of the ChNPP accident and RNPP activities, which cause anxiety, are the key factors determining an environmental situation at the place of residence. The correlation coefficients between anxiety index and public estimates of environmental situation are established. Conclusions. Content of radionuclides in emissions and discharges generated in the RNPP production cycle under everyday conditions does not exceed the allowed RSSU-97 values. The combined discharges of collective enterprises and RNPP are the main sources of chemical pollution of surface waters in CA. There is a higher correlation coefficient between the anxiety and somatization rates and environmental sphere parameter in rural population compared to urban one. The combined effect of environmental, radiation and psychological factors on the RNPP CA population makes the health studies necessary in the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulation of the problem. The transition from territorial-administrative to basin-based water resources management in Ukraine requires an assessment of the load of water bodies with pollutants from diffuse and point sources. Among the various components of the chemical composition of water entering water bodies, organic matter and nutrients are the most important. The Danube is the second largest river in Europe, with a basin covering the territories of 19 countries and is an important transportation waterway. Within Ukraine, the Danube is divided into the Lower Danube sub-catchment and the Tisza, Prut, and Siret River basins within the Carpathian region. The scientific results presented in this paper were obtained during research within the framework of state budgetary research works of the UHMI, the implementation of which will contribute to the further development of knowledge in the field of hydrometeorology. The results presented in the publication are important for supplementing information when writing the Danube River Basin Management Plan, which is being developed in accordance with Ukraine's obligations under the Association Agreement with the European Union. Aim of the study. To calculate the supply of nutrients and organic matter from diffuse sources to the rivers of the Danube basin within the Ukrainian Carpathians. Methods. Monitoring data of organic substances and nutrients provided by the Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory (the state surface water monitoring network of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine) for 2018 were used for calculations. To assess the load of water bodies by diffuse sources, a conceptual scheme was developed that allowed to take into account the main pathways of substances supply, i.e precipitation; water runoff from arable land, forests, meadows and pastures, built-up areas, rock outcrops, as well as from the population of rural regions without sewage systems. Scientific novelty. For the first time: the load of nutrients and organic matter in the Danube rivers within the Ukrainian Carpathians by the sources of their income was evaluated; it was found that agricultural land is the main source of emissions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Practical value. The analysis of the diffuse load by nutrients and organic matter in the Danube rivers can be used as an important part of the River Basin Management Plan. The results of the calculations can also be used to develop measures to achieve certain environmental objectives. Results. The main source of organic matter in the water of rivers of the Carpathian region ere agricultural enterprises locating within rural settlements that are not equipped with sewage systems. Surface water of Prut and Tisza River basins is the most polluted by organic matter. By source, the nutrient emissions are distributed as follows. For the Tisza and Prut rivers, more than 50% of the total nitrogen compounds emissions come from agricultural land, while for the Siret River the source of nitrogen compounds are forests (46% of the total nitrogen emissions). Accordingly, the total phosphorus runoff for the Tisza and Prut rivers was distributed as follows: the dominant share (up to 45%) comes from agricultural land, the load caused by population not connected to the sewerage systems is 36%. For the Siret River, agricultural land and forested areas are of equal shares (33%) among the sources of phosphorus compounds.

Purpose. To evaluate the variability of the histological parameters of individual organs and tissues of sterlet, to establish the level of effect of heat stress on the physiological status of fish and the degree of their adaptation. To determine the perspective of using histological monitoring data in fish farming practice. Methodology. The primary materials were obtained in aquarium conditions of the Aquatic Bioresources Laboratory of the Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University. The laboratory processing of histological samples was performed according to generally accepted methods and manuals. Histological studies were carried out using the author’s equipment and original methods, specially intended for the diagnostics of fish tissues. The obtained results were processed by methods of variational statistics using a package of appropriate MS Excel applications, with emphasis on the standard error. Findings. Microanatomical studies of sterlet showed that under conditions of heat stress, the most significant changes occur in adipose tissue, somatic and cardiac muscle tissue, thyroid gland and renal tissue, which can conditionally be considered as bioindicative zones. Under the potential influence of the thermal factor, the response of sterlet is expressed in a decrease in the lipid content in the accompanying muscles of adipose tissue. The effect is visualized in the fragmentation and subsequent shredding of lipid vacuoles, which leads to variability in adipocyte shape from stellate to spindle-shaped. The obtained results indicate a decrease in the excretion of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland and is expressed in a gradual increase in the diameter of the thyroid follicles (by 16.0 µm and 26.5 µm) and a corresponding decrease in the height of the follicular cells (by 1.1 µm and 2.0 µm), which is statistically significant. Intensive development of “additional” follicles inside existing ones indicates the prevention of thyroid intoxication of the body, which indicates the development of an adaptive reaction of the body. Comparative studies of the ventricular myocardium of fish allowed establishing certain morphological differences in the form of moderate interstitial edema of the tissue and intracellular edema of cardiomyocytes. In the final phase of the experiment, karyopyknosis was locally observed in the ventricular cardiomyocytes of 50% of stressed fish. Somatic muscle tissue is generally resistant to stress, but the rate of its development at elevated temperatures slows down. Characteristic signs of the histological picture of muscle stress are approximately the same ratio of stromal and parenchymal components, the central orientation of the nuclei within a single muscle fiber and insufficient filling of the fibers with the fibrillar component. Antidiuretic hormone is forcedly released in fish under conditions of heat stress, which leads to a decrease in the volume of the primary filtrate. Evidence is a narrow gap in the urinary space between the visceral and parietal layers of the renal corpuscle. Originality. New data are presented and existing data on the histological structure of individual organs and tissues of sterlet under stress loads are significantly expanded. For the first time, a detailed histological analysis of the structure of muscle, adipose tissue, as well as the kidney and thyroid gland of sterlet under heat stress conditions was carried out. The comparative analysis, current and updated information on compensatory changes in tissues demonstrate their adaptive potential, which was developed during the evolution of the species. Practical Value. The information obtained is of value in morphophysiological studies as well as in fish farming practice in connection with the modern problem of a decrease in the life status of fish under stress. The use of the obtained data allows a qualitative assessment of the physiological state and can be used in the process of developing corrective measures in order to consolidate hereditary resistance, which is ultimately aimed at preventing diseases of valuable aquaculture objects.

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Agronomy is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relevance of the research. A scientific and theoretical analysis of the legislation in the field of monitoring of land use and protection was carried out. The problem of information imperfection on the quantitative and qualitative state of land resources, which is the basis of land monitoring, was identified. The problem of land monitoring is the imperfection of the monitoring system itself, namely the collection of information on the land state, the spread of degradation processes by various entities of monitoring. The current Regulations on land monitoring were considered and it is proposed to provide for the expansion of the types of analytical work, to adapt the European standards in the selection, transportation and storage of soil samples, to impose mandatory quality control on all works. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, the main task of monitoring is to monitor the dynamics of the processes taking place in the field of land management. Monitoring data are used in making decisions on construction, establishing permitted types of land use, which help prevent land degradation. The updated monitoring data enable public administration bodies to make appropriate demands to land users to eliminate the violations in the field of land use and protection, as well as to bring to justice those responsible for these violations. To ensure the effective functioning of the unified monitoring system, it is necessary to solve a number of organizational, technical and other problems. The main disadvantages of this system are the obsolescence of technical, methodological and information equipment of the monitoring system centers used during observations; lack of a single observation network; inconsistency of separate information technologies used by different entities of monitoring; inconsistency of normative-technical and normative-legal provision with modern requirements. These problems can be solved by creating a new network of observations, but it requires a large amount of funding. The Concepts of the State Target Program for the development of land relations in Ukraine and the Concepts of the State Program for Environmental Monitoring were considered, which provide for the improvement of the land monitoring by maximizing the existing potential and gradual improvement of organizational, legal, methodological and technical support of the monitoring system, taking into account current information needs and the recommendations of the UN Economic Commission for Europe. A necessary requirement for the effective counteraction to violations of land legislation and non-compliance with the norms of rational land use is the improvement of the regulatory framework for land monitoring. It is necessary to clearly specify the following: the purpose and objectives of monitoring as well as the methods of its implementation; main stages and steps of the land monitoring procedure; powers of the implementation entities of this procedure; basic criteria and standards for evaluating the state of land resources and crisis detection. It is also necessary to develop and legislate the procedure for Ukraine's participation in international monitoring studies on land conditions, etc. Currently in Ukraine there is no single methodology for conducting observations, due to the lack of monitoring networks, as well as a modern information system on the state of natural resources, in particular - land. According to scientists, the monitoring requirements are currently met only by agrochemical inspection of agricultural land, however, it is not monitoring: certification does not give a complete picture of land condition; it is not carried out on permanent plots and by a very limited list of indicators and focuses only on the evaluation of individual characteristics, without identifying numerous other physical, chemical and biological indicators. Conclusions. According to the current legislation, the land monitoring system is improved by defining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection, including protection and reproduction of soil fertility. Improving the land monitoring procedure in Ukraine requires the development and implementation of a set of mechanisms for coordinating the interaction and coordination of all monitoring entities using a single system of methods and technologies in planning, organizing and conducting observations and joint activities, which will facilitate the rapid response of local executive bodies and governments to the occurrence or threat of emergencies and proper control over their development and elimination of consequences. The main areas of developing the land monitoring system include: improving organizational and legal support of monitoring; establishing a single integrated monitoring system; optimizing land monitoring methods, determining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection; ensuring the integration of information resources; strengthening the coordination of the activities of monitoring entities and data management within the state system of land monitoring in Ukraine; participating in international monitoring studies on land condition and harmonization of national standards with the international ones in order to integrate the national land monitoring system in the international systems.

Motivation. During nuclear power plant (NPP) monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used as an affordable and cost-efficient tool to deploy a UAV-enabled wireless network (UEWN) for providing the crisis centre (CrS) needed monitoring data from monitoring stations (MSs) of the automated radiation monitoring system in case of damage of wired networks. However, because of the high electrical power requirement, the normal operation time of a UAV of a multi-rotor type (MUAV) is just 20 to 30 min, limiting the operation time of a UEWN during NPP monitoring missions. The subject matter of the paper is the process of ensuring the persistent operation of a UEWN. The aim of this paper is to develop a queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAVs for persistent operation of a UEWN during NPP monitoring. The objectives of the paper are: to propose a scheme of deployment of a UEWN to connect a MS with the CrS of Zaporizhzhia (ZNPP) in case of damage of the wired network between the MS and the CrS; to introduce the main parameters characterizing the automatic battery charging station (ABCS) as a multi-channel queuing system; to develop and describe in detail a queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAVs of the UEWN for persistent NPP monitoring. The following results were obtained. A scheme of deployment of a UEWN, consisting of LoRaWAN and WiFi segments, to connect a MS with the CrS of ZNPP in case of damage of the wired network between the MS and the CrS was proposed and described. A shift schedule for 3 MUAV fleets to ensure the persistent operation of the UEWN during ZNPP post-accident monitoring missions was built. It was shown that the ABCS can be considered as a multi-channel queuing system, in which two or more channels (battery charge points at the ABCS) are available to handle arriving MUAVs. A queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAV fleets of the UEWN for persistent NPP monitoring is developed and described in detail. It was evaluated and illustrated by means of plots how the number of occupied channels of the ABCS depends on: 1) the battery charging time for the MUAV at the ABCS, and 2) the flight distance for the MUAV between its location point in the WiFi segment and the ABCS. The next research steps can cover issues regarding to: 1) scheduling MUAV fleets for numerous UEWNs, 2) developing models of a UEWN operation using a LiFi segment for transmission of monitoring data, and 3) developing reliability/survivability models of a UEWN taking into account UAV failures or/and wireless signal interference.

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This article proposes a mathematical model and computational method for solutions synthesis to the condition prediction problem of patients in medical monitoring systems. Research describes construction method of diagnostic models for quality criteria assessment of a bio-medical system (BMS) elements condition using monitoring data. Authors show an informativeness (significance) estimation method of the systems diagnosing models variables, obtained based on artificial neural networks (ANN) theory. The article describes a forecasting method of multidimensional time series obtained based on the condition variables monitoring data of the dynamic systems. Authors present a method for solving the condition classification problem of the complex systems elements. The developed method for solutions synthesis to the prediction problem is implemented in the computer decision support system (CDSS) for diagnosing patients in medical monitoring systems. Application examples of the described method for solutions synthesis to the condition prediction problem of patients in medical institutions are presented. The paper propose following developed innovations: a) Mathematical method for solutions synthesis to the condition prediction problem of patients based on trend-analysis concept. Unlike existing, this method takes into account the high dimensionality of the states space and informativeness changes of monitored variables, which depend on the patients’ condition. b) Method of informativeness (significance) variables estimation. It takes into account the measurement accuracy of the state variables and the presence of pair correlation between them, that allows to use this method for the analysis of the completeness of the models. c) Statistical method of the patients’ condition classification. It contains orthogonalization procedure and the dimension reduction procedure of the condition variables factor space. In contrast to the existing it uses as a closeness measure precedents in the principal components space and the ability to determine the disease stage, which is not recognized by modern bio-markers (for example, hormone-refractory state); The classification problem of the patients condition was solved for the diagnosing result verification. The results of solving the classification problem of patients condition based on the monitoring data are obtained for the selected type of disease. It was found that with the using developed method and its implementation in CDSS the itself- recognizing probability of the class exceeds 75%.

Illegal logging leads to the destruction of a significant area of forests, which have economic and socio-ecological value, as an integral part of the country's natural capital. One of the ways to reduce illegal logging and control the use of forest resources is properly organized accounting, particularly e-accounting. The article aims to reveal the methods of e-accounting of wood products of forestry in Ukraine to prevent illegal logging, as well as to determine ways to improve it. Investigating the problems of e-accounting of wood products, the authors use abstract thinking, analysis, and synthesis to summarize the essential connections between forestry management issues and accounting methods. Empirical evidence in the study is data from the State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. An analysis of the proposals of foreign scientists was carried out using the methods of analogy, comparison, systematization and generalization to determine ways to improve the e-accounting of wood products in Ukraine. The dynamics of illegal logging of wood was analyzed. Methods of e-accounting of wood products in Ukraine were disclosed. It was found that currently, e-accounting of wood products cannot be called systematic because it does not cover forest resources of wood origin at the root, by-products, by-products from wood, and all products of non-wood origin. Based on the analysis of the results presented in foreign publications, the key directions of the improvement of the e-accounting system in the forestry of Ukraine were determined: methodological (improvement of methods of collection, analysis and evaluation of accounting/management information); informational (expansion of data sources, in particular through more active use in the accounting of the natural meter); technological (implementation of innovative forest monitoring technologies and integrated decision support systems). It is vital to combine e-accounting of wood products with other components (various types of reporting, forest health monitoring data, cost accounting for the restoration and protection of forest areas, assessment of forest sustainability, etc.) to form an integrated forestry management system, the implementation of which will contribute to solving the problems of climate change.

Based on the data of long-term coastal and expeditionary observations, the structure and dynamics of transitional waters in the system of the Dnieper-Bug estuary (the DBE) before the destruction of the Kakhovka HPP are considered as the basis for the future description of changes in the hydrological regime. Average annual and seasonal maps and vertical sections of temperature and salinity are drafted. The article analyzes the main factors of formation and distribution of transitional waters such as river runoff, salinity (density) contrast and surface wind. A number of dimensional and dimensionless criteria and indicators of the transitional water dynamics within and outside the DBE are calculated and analyzed. The analysis of previous studies of river water transformation in the North-Western part of the Black Sea (NWBS) and dynamics of floating plumes in other areas of the World Ocean's coastal zone allows us to establish a 14 P.S.U. isohaline as the outer limit for transitional waters of the NWBS. According to the monitoring data of 1992-2020, the highest degree of desalination of the DBE and output of transition water from the Kinburn Strait was observed in spring, under the conditions of increasing volume of river runoff and predominant wind from the east. At the same time, the increasing repeatability of the south wind contributed to pushing the plume towards the coastal area outside the estuary. In summer, the influence of open sea waters on the DBE increased due to decreasing river runoff and increasing frequency of westerly winds. According to theoretical criteria, under low-wind conditions, the estuary produces a surface-advective plume affected by buoyancy and Coriolis force, with no effect of friction in the bottom boundary layer. The distance over which such plume spreads, even in summer, does not exceed half way from the Kinburn Strait to the Odesa Bay. The ingress thereto of transitional waters of the DBE in spring and autumn can be facilitated by accompanying wind currents. The main factor of the plume's summer dynamics includes both westerly wind and the currents it generates. The latter prevent the spread of transitional waters to the west along the coast, pushing them towards the estuary and to the south off it. This does not negate the possibility of a different plume behavior due to the increasing volume of river runoff and synoptic variability of the wind field during certain years and months.

Purpose. The article is aimed to improve the automated systems operation of the railway technical system parks and switch D.C. electric motors (EMs), taking into account all uncertainties. Methodology. Solution of the problem was obtained through the development of the model and the method for optimal planning for the EMs set operation. The method is based on the information technology with the possibility to assess the parameters of the current and the predicted state of EMs based on their individual models. The models are built both for individual EMs and for the specified groups. The factors of non-determinism in the model are calculated based on the Hurst index. The task of planning is solved as calculating the optimal sequence of the EM facilities services, which provides a minimum of the total expected operating costs. Findings. The analysis of the main known models, the automated technologies and the systems of EM (ASEM) park operation on the basis of the remote monitoring was done in the research. Based on the practice of the EM park maintenance the new category of the analysis objects was proposed – the service group (SG). The new procedure for the processes classification was developed based on using the Hurst index to improve the reliability of EM and SG individual models forecasting. The technological and the economic model for planning the EM parks operation was created. The article presents the results of the developed automated data management system based on the improved model for the operation planning of the D.C. EM parks. The optimal planning model ensures the minimization of the expected operating costs for the EMs operation, due to the selection of the EM groups service queue. The specialized procedure is used to classify non-deterministic EM remote monitoring data during planning, which allows increasing the accuracy of forecasting the object state parameters. Origilnality. The article describes development of the mathematical model and the information technology for the remote monitoring of the railway technical systems park operation, the railway switch EMs based on the formation of EM and SG individual models, as well as on the evaluation of their current and predicted states, taking into account random factors. The proposed model of the optimal planning as the possibility to choose the SG service queue differs by the group maintenance of the EM facilities, as well as application of the specialized procedure for classifying EM monitoring data. Practical value. The practical value of the results is determined by the provision of the new opportunities for the group optimal planning of the EM service based on the criterion of the minimum expected costs. The procedure for the monitoring data classification of the operational processes makes it possible to increase the reliability of the forecasting antipersistent time sequences results. It also provides an interpretation of the observational data classification results based on the need for practical usage.

Background. An integral part of diabetes mellitus (DM) management is its timely diagnosis. The reference method to study the quality of glycemic control is evaluating the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as one of the most accessible and informative tools. However, the introduction of novel technologies, namely the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), has given patients with DM, their relatives and healthcare professionals an access to new indicators of glycemic control such as time in range (TIR), time above range and time below range. These indicators are criteria for compensation of carbohydrate metabolism according to the 2023 American Diabetes Association guidelines. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of using glucometers and the FreeStyle Libre system for flash glucose monitoring in patients with DM. Materials and methods. An examination of 60 patients with type 2 DM who received insulin therapy was conducted. They were aged 45–65 years, with DM duration of 5 ± 2 years. All participants were divided into two equal groups of 30 people each. The first group consisted of patients with CGM devices, the second group used glucometers for daily glycemic control. Additional CGM parameters were used: glucose coefficient of variation, glucose management indicator, which shows the probable level of HbA1c. Results. When evaluating the data obtained from patients who used CGM, it is important to note their high adherence to the use of flash glucose monitoring. The use of CGM made it possible to achieve compensation of carbohydrate metabolism faster compared to patients who used glucometers to correct glycemia. Discontinuation of CGM resulted in poorer glycemic control. The obtained results prove that the compensation of patients depends primarily on their motivation, willingness to follow medical prescriptions, careful glycemic control, and compliance with medical recommendations. Conclusions. For better control of the DM course, patients should use CGM. In order to assess diabetes compensation, it is not enough to consider only TIR. Time below range indicating hypoglycemia, time above range indicating hyperglycemia, glucose management indicator should also be taken into account. Discontinuation of CGM resulted in a loss of approximately half of the initial TIR gain achieved while using CGM. CGM is more favored among patients than a 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing environmental monitoring system in Ukraine does not fully take into account the radioecological factor on the territories near many nuclear objects on the southeast of country (including enterprises for the extraction and primary processing of uranium raw materials, low-level waste storage and the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant), where the current radioecological situation can be characterized as pre-crisis. That is why it was here in the mid-1990s that the creation of a regional system for comprehensive environmental monitoring – SEM «Prydniprovya» on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk region, which has one of the highest man-made loads in Ukraine, was started as a pilot project with further expansion to the entire territory of the country. But at the same time, a significant drawback of this system is insufficient attention to radiological problems, which are connected with the fact that a radioecological situation has developed in the territory of Kirovohrad, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions, which, due to its complexity and danger to the biotic components of the environment and the population health including future generations, has no analogues in Ukraine. This is due to the fact that since the middle of the 20th century, radiation-hazardous industrial and technological processes related to the extraction and processing of uranium raw materials, the production and use of radioactive radiation sources, the handling of radioactive waste, and the activities of the Zaporizhia NPP have been taking place in these regions. Therefore, the further development of the radio-ecological unit during the modernization of the specified SEM «Prydniprovya» is still relevant. At the same time, one of the essential factors determining both the ecological state in general and the radiation state in particular of any region are the peculiarities of its fault-block structure. The presence of a significant amount of geological and geophysical information about the tectonic structure (in particular, the system of Precambrian faults of the earth’s crust, characterized by the single planetary regularities of the placement of tectonic structures) can be one of the bases for forecasting specific directions of dangerous natural and man-made radiological impact of nuclear fuel cycle objects in the conditions of man-made busy regions of Ukraine. Using the example of the territories adjacent to the Zaporizhzhia NPP, the main energy-producing enterprise in the south-east of Ukraine, it is shown the need to involve data on radionuclides of natural origin (Ra226, Th232), which allow for a more detailed study of tectonic (fault-block) information for further planning and interpretation of monitoring data radiological studies. The results of radiological data analysis (in particular, maps of the specific activity of Ra226 and Th232) indicate the possibility of their involvement in the refinement of tectonic zoning maps, constructed based on the results of the interpretation of gravity and magnetic fields based on geological survey wells.

Microbiological monitoring of the uropathogens is an effective «tool» for urinary tract infectious and inflammatory diseases treatment quality improvement. The aim of the article is to determine the range of the urinary tract infectious-inflammatory diseases etiological spectrum groups of pathogens in the child population in Chernivtsi region. Materials and methods. The etiologic spectrum of uropathogens identified in the urine samples of 657 patients who were provided with a specialized medical care in the Nephrology Department of the «Municipal Children’s Clinical Hospital», Chernivtsi (2014–2015) was analyzed in order to dynamically control the possible changes of the «urinary tract infections» (UTI) regional etiological structure and antibiotic resistance of pathogens; identification of age and gender differences of urine microbial diversity in the child population in Chernivtsi region (2014–2015) compared with the monitoring data for the 2009–2013 period. Results. A significant difference has been found in the etiological structure of the urine microbial diversity in children with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract (Gram-positive cocci – p < 0.05; Enterobacteria – p < 0.01; resident microflora – p < 0.01) in comparison with uropathogens extracted in children with urinary tract noninfectious diseases. Administrative and territorial differences have been registered in etiological structure of the urine microbial diversity in children living in the urban areas (p < 0.01) from their peers living in the rural areas. Conclusions. The regional monitoring data showed changes of the urine resident microflora (p < 0.01) without significant changes of etiological spectrum of the UTI pathogens in examined children (0–18 years old) with urinary tract infectious and inflammatory diseases during 2009–2015 in Chernivtsi region. At the same time it as a matter of concern a significant increase in the proportion of «negative results» (no growth) in the urine bacteriological analysis (p < 0.01), which might indirectly indicate the «uncontrolled» use of antibiotics among children in the region.

Since 2000 the recreational infrastructure in the Carpathian region has been affected by a number of changes in the socio-economic, political, demographic, geopolitical and other spheres. They set new requirements for the creation of modern recreational facilities. The primary task in the recreational development of the mountainous areas in Ivano-Frankivsk oblast is to take into account the environmental requirements as a basic element of environmental conservation for the development of recreation. In the previous studies, the analysis and evaluation of the potential of unused recreational resources of the region was carried out and the peculiarities and factors affecting the architectural and planning organization were described. Factors affecting the development of the recreational sphere are divided into five groups: social; economic; demographic; political; ecological; those relating to the material and spiritual culture of the population. The author substantiates the following requirements for the environmental safety of recreational development in the mountainous regions of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, namely: the requirement for compliance with regional development strategies and plans, which provides for the consideration and coordination of the strategies and programs for preserving the high level of environmental safety at all levels of recreational zoning and design; improving the scientific feasibility of design decisions with account of the environmental monitoring data and social orientation of architectural decisions in the formation of recreational environment that involves changing the system of public discussions and work with territorial communities, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of the designed objects, which provides for the use of alternative energy sources, energy saving materials and designs as well as the environmental safety of design solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]