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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, that affects large intestine. The symptoms of IBS include: abdominal pain, discomfort, change in bowel habits and disordered defecation. The causes of irritable bowel syndrome have not yet been fully investigated and determined.Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita) is a hybrid type of mint, a cross between watermint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata). Peppermint oil is produced in the proces of steam distillation of fresh leaves of peppermint.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. The first step was to find proper publications from the last 30 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.Based on the results of mentioned studies it can be concluded that peppermin oil is effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome due to providing global symptom improvement and significant reduction of abdominal pain, and its short-term use is safe. However, further research is needed to estabilish the role of peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and to determine the optimal duration of treatment, dosage of peppermint oil, and its possible side effects related to long-term usage.

The formation of a thrombus in a vein leads to a narrowing of its lumen and a reduction in blood flow, which results in the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It manifests itself in most cases, including pain, swelling and redness of the affected limb. Data published in 2007 indicate that in 6 European Union countries as many as 370,000 deaths per year are a consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is 75% a consequence of hospitalization. [2] [11] The causes of blood clots are found in the factors of the so-called Virchow triad. The main risk factors for venous thromboembolism as well as its complications of pulmonary embolism include thrombophilia, advanced age, previous VTE, immobilization of trauma or surgery. In the diagnosis of VTE, the determination of D-dimer level plays a key role.

Falls have been recognized by the WHO as one of the most significant problems in aging societies. In the elderly after 65 years of age, they cause 90% of the fractures of the proximal femoral bone (bkk) and 100% of the forearm fractures [5].They usually occur when walking (most often), getting up and sitting down. The consequences of falls, as well as themselves, can be prevented by supplementing vitamin D3 [6] [8] regulating the body's calcium-phosphate homeostasis. It improves neuromuscular function, including the mechanism reduces the frequency of falls. It also affects response time and balance. The concentration of vitamin D3 in the body is variable. Depends on endogenous biosynthesis and food supply. It also shows seasonal fluctuations. Its deficiencies lead to not only orthopedic and dental complications. It has been proven that there is a decreased level of 25 (OH) D3 in serum and such diseases as diabetes, hypertension, depression,neuro-degenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and increased likelihood of cancer, especially breast, prostate, and colon cancers [15].