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In the article, the authors considered the challenges for space law, which are created by the intensive development of production technologies of unmanned spacecrafts and space drones, as well as their use in the space industry. The authors clarified the term “space object”, which is used in the Space Law. This helped reveal the difference between the terms “unmanned spacecrafts” and “space drones”, which are synonymous in the Air Law. The authors investigated the basics of the space law and proved that in the existing formulations, the space law is not able to regulate the modern space exploration. Based on the study, the authors proposed: (1) to consolidate the influence of public organizations created in the space industry and specializing in the space exploration in the space law; (2) to change approaches to space law; space law should be considered as an effective regulator capable of ensuring the sustainable development of the mankind;. (3) under the space law, to create a holistic concept for using all types of space object on the Low Earth Orbit.

Abstract. The data of mathematical modeling of the thermal state of a cutting tool under conditions of laser hardening are presented. The features of the implementation of the method of polyargument systems for solving the three-dimensional heat transfer problem with a localized movable laser heating source are considered. The data of numerical studies to establish patterns of the influence of the radius of the heating spot on the temperature regime of the hardened tool are presented. It is shown that varying this parameter can be used as an effective way of influencing the thermal state of a cutting tool during its hardening by a laser beam. The results of modeling the temperature conditions of the tool in a wide practically important range of changes in its sharpening angle are presented.

Abstract. ITL Inc. through its 30 years of activities in space exploration developed a number of unique processes for impairing new properties to space-bound materials that are exposed in LEO, GEO and planetary environments to space factors like atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, charged energetic particles, etc. For materials flown in LEO missions, the atomic oxygen remains the major hazard. We developed a number of surface modification processes like Photosil, Implantox to change the surface structure of many polymer materials and paints and make them atomic oxygen resistive. For systems operating in GEO orbits the charging effects are among the major hazards. Two surface modification processed developed by ITL successfully solved these problems, while keeping the RF transparency of materials where necessary.