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The aim. The aim of our study was to establish the expression levels of long non-coding RNA H19 and hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the myocardium and leukocyte fraction as a possible mechanism of adaptation to remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in patients with ischemic heart disease during off-pump isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. To assess hemodynamic parameters, data from 31 patients (14 in the RIPC group, 17 in control group) were analyzed. The RIPC procedure was performed in patients before surgery by applying a blood pressure cuff to the right forearm. The cuff was inflated to a pressure of 200 mmHg and left for 5 minutes. This was followed by a reperfusion step which lasted 5 minutes. Periods of ischemia and reperfusion lasting 5 minutes were repeated three times. The expression level of long non-coding RNA H19 and HIF-1α was determined in the myocardium and leukocyte fraction by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. At the stage of formation of distal anastomoses in patients with RIPC cardiac index (CI) was 24% higher, and stroke volume index (SVI) was 18% higher. Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was significantly lower in patients of the RIPC group (p 0.05). Conclusions. Based on hemodynamic parameters, it can be concluded that patients with RIPC were more hemodynamically stable. Significant changes in the expression of long non-coding RNA H19 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α demonstrate the importance of these molecules in adaptation to ischemic preconditioning. However, the mechanisms of RIPC involving H19 and HIF-1α need further study.

ANRIL (Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus, also known as CDKN2B-AS1) – 3.8-kb long non-coding RNA transcribed from the antisense strand of INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It is known that ANRIL overexpression is associated with development of oncological pathologies of different localization. In addition, there are a number of studies devoted to role of ANRIL genetic polymorphism in emergence and progression of tumors, including tumors of genitourinary system. The aim of the study was to check the possible association between ANRIL gene polymorphism rs4977574 and kidney cancer development in representatives of Ukrainian population. Whole venous blood of 101 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) (42 women and 59 men) and 100 patients without oncology history (34 women and 66 men) was used in the study. DNA from blood white cells was extracted using GeneJET Whole Blood Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Genotyping of rs4977574 ANRIL gene polymorphic locus was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method in the presence of TaqMan assay C_31720978_30. The mathematical data were processed using the SPSS software package (version 17.0). P values

ANRIL (Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus, also known as CDKN2B-AS1) – 3.8-kb long non-coding RNA transcribed from the antisense strand of INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It is known that ANRIL overexpression is associated with development of oncological pathologies of different localization. In addition, there are a number of studies devoted to role of ANRIL genetic polymorphism in emergence and progression of tumors, including tumors of genitourinary system.The aim of the study was to establish a possible association between rs4977574 ANRIL gene polymorphism and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) development in representatives of Ukrainian population which are smokers and non-smokers. Object and methods. Whole venous blood of 101 patients with CCRCC (42 women and 59 men) and 100 patients without oncopathology history (34 women and 66 men) was used in the study. DNA from blood white cells was extracted using GeneJET Whole Blood Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Genotyping of rs4977574 ANRIL gene polymorphic locus was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method in the presence of TaqMan assay C_31720978_30. The mathematical data were processed using the SPSS software package (version 17.0). P values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. It was found that difference in rs4977574-genotype distribution between patients with CCRCC and control persons was absent in general group (P = 0.216). At the same time, the statistical analysis stratified by smoking showed that both in non-smokers and smokers rs4977574-genotypes frequency also did not differ significantly between comparison groups (P = 0.511 and P = 0.099, respectively). However, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking habits statistically significant association between rs4977574 ANRIL gene polymorphism and risk of kidney cancer development was detected in smokers subjects under superdominant inheritance model (P = 0.043). It was revealed that heterozygotes (AG-genotype) have 2.85-fold higher risk of CCRCC development (95% CI = 1.003-7.884) compared to smokers with AA- and GG-genotypes. Conclusion. The rs4977574 ANRIL gene polymorphism is related to risk of kidney cancer development only in smokers. Smokers with rs4977574AG-genotype have higher risk of kidney cancer emergence compared to rs4977574AA- and rs4977574GG-homozygotes.

Endometriosis is a condition that determines the presence of functionally active glands and endometrial stroma outside the uterus, causing a chronic inflammation in these tissues. The prevalence of endometriosis varies between 5-10% for all women, 20-25% for gynecological patients and reaches 45-50% for women with infertility. The true frequency of endometriosis is not definitely known, and its growth over the past decades is associated with both the increasing frequency of the disease and the improvement of its diagnosis. Endometriosis occurs irrespective of ethnicity and race, socioeconomic conditions, at any age. Diagnosis of external genital endometriosis includes patients’ complaints, clinical examination, ultrasound examination, sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. Much has been done to understand the mechanisms of endometriosis, but still the "gold standard" of diagnosis is invasive methods, especially laparoscopy. An early diagnosis will allow to timely develop treatment tactic aimed at treating endometriosis and preventing its further spread and recurrence. The search for possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis continues. Among non-invasive methods, the most promising for future study and research is the microRNA and long non-coding RNA. Molecular genetic methods in achieving good sensitivity and specificity results will be able to improve the results of infertility treatment associated with endometriosis through earlier treatment including surgery. In addition, various research groups have high expectations regarding the role of microRNA and long non-coding RNA chains in evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy. The purpose of this review was to collect and analyze data from the world’s literature, search for new non-invasive markers for diagnosing this disease at the preclinical stages, as well as predicting the response to hormone therapy.

HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), the well-studied long noncoding RNA (lnRNA), realizes the regulation of cell cycle genes expression at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels. The results of experiments showed that HOTAIR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) development. Moreover, HOTAIR knockdown inhibits proliferation and invasion of RCC cells. At the same time the role of HOTAIR gene polymorphisms in kidney cancer development is unknown. The aim of the study was to perform a case-control study on representatives of both genders in order to assess the possible link between HOTAIR rs1899663 gene polymorphism and kidney cancer development in Ukrainian population. Object and methods. 141 unrelated Ukrainian patients (42 female, 59 male) with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and 100 healthy subjects (34 female, 56 male) were enrolled to case-control study. HOTAIR rs1899663 polymorphism genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). The mathematical processing of obtained results was done using Statistical Package for Social Science software (SPSS, version 17.0, Chicago, IL, USA). All statistical tests were two-sided, P 0.05). Conclusion. Obtained results revealed that long non-coding RNA HOTAIR rs1899663 polymorphic site was associated with kidney cancer development only in female Ukrainian patients. The risk of CCRCC occurrence in women with GT-genotype was higher than in women with GG- and TT-genotypes.

Herein the results of long non-coding RNA ANRIL gene rs4977574 polymorphism determination in 241 representatives of Ukrainian population: 141 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder (TCCUB) and 100 patients without oncological history (control group) have been submitted. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) method. The genotypes frequency of ANRIL gene rs4977574 locus in general group was not significantly different between control subjects and TCCUB patients. Stratified analysis revealed no significant difference between women, men, nonsmokers and smokers. The results of binary logistic regression showed no association between rs4977574 site and TCCUB risk in general group. Significant association was not found even after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, and smoking habit. Analysis in male, female subjects, in individuals without and with smoking habit demonstrated similar results. Thus, no link between ANRIL gene rs4977574 polymorphism and TCCUB development in Ukrainian population was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a condition that determines the presence of functionally active glands and endometrial stroma outside the uterus, causing a chronic inflammation in these tissues. The prevalence of endometriosis varies between 5-10% for all women, 20-25% for gynecological patients and reaches 45-50% for women with infertility. The true frequency of endometriosis is not definitely known, and its growth over the past decades is associated with both the increasing frequency of the disease and the improvement of its diagnosis. Endometriosis occurs irrespective of ethnicity and race, socioeconomic conditions, at any age. Diagnosis of external genital endometriosis includes patients’ complaints, clinical examination, ultrasound examination, sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. Much has been done to understand the mechanisms of endometriosis, but still the "gold standard" of diagnosis is invasive methods, especially laparoscopy. An early diagnosis will allow to timely develop treatment tactic aimed at treating endometriosis and preventing its further spread and recurrence. The search for possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis continues. Among non-invasive methods, the most promising for future study and research is the microRNA and long non-coding RNA. Molecular genetic methods in achieving good sensitivity and specificity results will be able to improve the results of infertility treatment associated with endometriosis through earlier treatment including surgery. In addition, various research groups have high expectations regarding the role of microRNA and long non-coding RNA chains in evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy. The purpose of this review was to collect and analyze data from the world’s literature, search for new non-invasive markers for diagnosing this disease at the preclinical stages, as well as predicting the response to hormone therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]