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Background. Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases. It is generally accepted that concomitant diseases and syndromes significantly change physiological processes in the body, reduce its adaptive capabilities and treatment effectiveness, and can initiate or activate the pathological process in the perio­dontium. Psychosomatic disorders and stress are no less common. The excessive and prolonged action of stress factors can contribute to developing diseases. Currently, questions concerning the pathophysiological characteristics of changes in the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the pathogenesis of periodontitis associated with stress remain unexplored. The purpose was to investigate the pathophysiological features of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection disorders in periodontal tissues with experimental periodontitis (EP) associated with immobilization stress (IS) and to evaluate the possibility of their pharmacological correction using thiocetam. Materials and methods. Biochemical studies were conducted on 88 male guinea pigs (males) with a body weight of 0.18–0.21 kg, who were fed a standard diet and were divided into five groups. The first group comprised intact animals (controls); the second group included animals with EP and was divided into three subgroups on the 3rd, 5th, and 15th days, respectively; the third group consisted of animals with IS in three subgroups; the fourth group comprised animals with combined EP and IS in three subgroups before treatment; and the fifth group included animals with EP and IS after the therapy with thiocetam, which was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 250 mg/kg once a day between the 6th and 15th days. Results. EP associated with IS at all stages of its development (3rd, 5th, 15th days) is accompanied by a gradual increase in the level of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, a compensatory increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity on the 3rd day of the experi­ment, and subsequently by their significant decline on the 5th and 15th days, which indicated the development of oxidative stress. Thiocetam decreased lipid peroxidation products and increased the activity of these enzymes in periodontal tissues, which showed its antioxidant effect in EP and IS. Conclusions. The association between EP and IS resulted in the enhancement of lipid peroxidation processes against the backdrop of a decreased antioxidant protection in periodontal tissues, particularly on the 5th and 15th days of the experiment, compared to the control group, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The administration of thiocetam had the antioxidant effect (a reduction in the concentration of diene conjugates, malon­dialdehyde, an increase in superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in periodontal tissues) under the conditions of EP associated with IS compared to a group of animals without any treatment.

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Aim. To study the main pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of dystrophic-inflammatory periodontal diseases by analyzing scientific research results covered in current specialized literature. Material and methods. Searching, systematization, processing and analysis of scientific sources, which present modern theories of pathogenesis and development of dystrophic-inflammatory periodontal diseases. Results. The conducted data analysis from modern literary sources proves that the progression of dystrophic-inflammatory periodontal diseases depends not only on the development of local inflammation in the periodontal tissues caused by the dental plaque microflora, but also it is a reaction to the influence of systemic factors. They lead to profound changes in the body internal environment and, as a result, to structural damage of the periodontal tissues. At the same time, the results obtained do not allow the authors to clearly assess the nature of these relationships and require further in-depth studies. Conclusions. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of periodontal diseases allow developing optimal measures for their diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

Background. Genital endometriosis is one of the most urgent problems of modern gynecology. Considering oxidative stress as a pathogenetic link of endometriosis, we believe it reasonable to use a combined drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for genital endometriosis supplemented with the use of superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc, taking into account the leading pathophysiological links of the pathology. Materials and methods. Thirty-seven women of reproductive age with genital endometriosis were under observation. Treatment in the first group was carried out in accordance with the Guideline Development Group recommendations. Thirty-nine women of the second group additionally received a drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The control group included 30 healthy women. The state of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the blood serum and the antioxidant defense system by the content of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. To monitor the patients’ quality of life, pain syndrome was studied using the Visual Analogue Scale. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by means of the standard StatSoft Statistica for Windows 13.0 program pac­kage. Results. The assessment of the pain syndrome in the second group showed that it completely disappeared in women with the first stage of the disease. Among patients with the second stage, pain disappeared in 8 cases, 3 patients had a decrease from severe to mild pain. At the third stage, pain disappeared completely in 5 women, in 4 cases, it decreased from severe to mild, and in one woman, the pain decreased from unbearable to mild. All patients of the second group noted a decrease in pain during intercourse, and in the first stage — its absence, an increase in work capacity (r = 0.64, p

The aim of the study was to highlight the results of modern scientific developments in tracing the mechanisms of local stress-modeling effect of orthodontic appliances on the oral cavity and periodontal tissues during the active period of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. The research methodology was implemented in the collection and analysis of scientific results on the stress-modeling effect of orthodontic appliances in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies obtained from the processed sources – published full-text articles of original and fundamental research by national and foreign authors based on the evidential databases MEDLINE / PubMed, PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and other scientific and practical resources. Results. The main components of the stress-modeling effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on the oral cavity, and particularly on the periodontal tissues, were analyzed. The proportion of various complications is quite high and ranges from 32.7 % to 50.0 % of all cases. The development of oxidative stress during orthodontic treatment is potentiated by microcirculatory disorders and hypoxia of the periodontal tissues. The peculiarities of the periodontal cellular complex reaction, which has the ability to bear stress generated in the actin cytoskeleton by direct mechanical stimulation, to extracellular matrix proteins, affecting the three-dimensional organization of the extracellular matrix and its remodeling, have been traced. The role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and enzymatic reaction of oral and crevicular fluids was also defined. Conclusions. The development of oxidative stress during orthodontic treatment can be caused by local and systemic exposure to metals, corrosion processes in particular; by inflammation of periodontal tissues due to poor oral hygiene and activation of periodontal pathogenic microflora; by aseptic inflammation in the periodontal ligament due to the use of mechanical force. Certain enzymes of the oral fluid, in particular lactate dehydrogenase, can act as a sensitive marker of changes in the periodontal ligament metabolism during orthodontic teeth movement. The localization and nature of free radical pathology are largely caused by the nature of an exogenous inducer of lipid peroxidation and the genotypic characteristics of antioxidant system. It is this ratio that determines the initiation and further chain branching of free radical reactions. Without normalization of all pathogenetic links, successful treatment of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues, in particular in orthodontic patients, is impossible.

The development of pharmacological methods to control oxidant stress manifestations in diabetes can be achieved using organic complex germanium compounds. One of the promising compounds is niacin-oxyethylenediphosphonategermanate (MIGU-4), which is an effective corrector of lipid metabolism and a stabilizer of the lipid layer of erythrocyte and hepatocyte membranes in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. The aim of the work is to determine the dynamics of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) in the brain tissue, as well as the diene conjugate (DC) content, lipid hydroperoxides (LHP), reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver mitochondria, the serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) in experimental diabetes mellitus with the correction using a complex compound of germanium with nicotinic acid – MIGU-4 and insulin, insulin alone as well as in comparison with effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation. Materials and methods. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60.0 mg/kg). MIGU-4 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of ED50 that was 25.0 mg/kg. Mitochondrial membranes were obtained by differential centrifugation of the liver tissue. In rats with confirmed diabetes, parameters of peroxidation and antioxidant protection were studied by generally accepted biochemical and biophysical methods. Results. Glucose levels were 29.4 % lower in rats treated with MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) after 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes than those in untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05), while a decrease was 39.0 % (p < 0.05) upon insulin treatment, and 47.2 % (p < 0.05) – with combined use of the drugs. The MDA content in the brain tissue was 3.48 times higher than that in the control (p < 0.05). At the same time, the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased by 46.4 % and 32.0 %, respectively, the activity of GPO was decreased by half (p < 0.05). In the liver mitochondria, the DC content exceeded that in the control by 53.5 % (p < 0.05), and the MDA and LHP levels were 2.48 times and 31.7 % higher (p < 0.05), respectively. AST activity was almost doubled, ALT activity was 5.48 times increased. Insulin and the biologically active substance MIGU-4 used alone exerted a moderate corrective effect. The combined use of the drugs caused definite therapeutic and preventive effects as the brain content of MDA was 2.4 times decreased, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPO was increased by 45.6 %, 35.2 % and 67.3 % (p < 0.05), respectively. In the liver mitochondria, the DC, MDA, and LHP contents were decreased by 41.0 %, 53.3 %, and 28.4 %, respectively, compared to those in rats with diabetes (p < 0.05). The activity of SOD and CAT as well as GSH content were increased by 2.7 times, 51.9 %, and 23.0 % (p < 0.05), respectively. AST and ALT activities were 42.2 % and 74.3 % (p < 0.05) reduced, respectively. The combined use of MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250.0 mg/kg) caused a decrease in the brain MDA content by 70.1 % (p < 0.05) in experimental rats. The combination of MIGU-4 and vitamin E increased the activity of GPO by 58.3 % (p < 0.05) as compared to rats with diabetes, indicating cumulative effects of these drugs. Conclusions. The use of MIGU-4 prevents the occurrence of oxidant stress manifestations in the brain tissue and liver mitochondria in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The corrective effect size of MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) corresponds to that of vitamin E (250.0 mg/kg).

Introduction. It is well recognized that drug metabolism products in the liver can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the development of hepatocellular injury. As a potential agent capable of counteracting the hepatotoxic effects of drugs, we focused our attention on a domestic biotechnological preparation – cryopreserved placental extract (CPE). The aim. To characterize gender differences in the effect of esomeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole (E/C/M), and CPE on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system in tetrachloromethane (CCl4) hepatitis with a background of ethanol-induced cirrhosis (ETCM). Materials and methods. The study was conducted with varying levels of sex hormones on 112 male and female rats. Chronic ETCM was induced by administering a 50.0% oil solution of CCl4 at a dose of 8 ml/kg body weight of the animals twice a week, in combination with a 5.0% ethanol solution for drinking over a period of 45 days. The content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates was determined spectrophotometrically by the method described by Asakawa T. et al. Catalase activity in liver homogenates was determined spectrophotometrically according to the method of Korolyuk M.A. and co-authors. Results. The most pronounced increase in lipid peroxidation processes was observed in females with chronic ETCM-induced liver damage and administration of antiulcer drugs following ovariectomy, resulting in a TBA-RS content of 36.1±2.79 μmol/kg of tissue. Administration of E/C/M in animals with chronic liver damage led to a suppression of the antioxidant system, as evidenced by a decrease in catalase activity in liver tissues. Conclusion. The combined use of anti-ulcer drugs and CPE on the background of chronic ETCM mitigated the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, which was indicated by a statistically significant (p < 0.001) 2.7-fold lower content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates. Additionally, it was established that the administration of CPE was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in catalase activity in females, more prominently than in males. In females without changes in hormonal status, the introduction of CPE resulted in a growth (p < 0.001) of catalase activity by 75.0%, with the most significant increase observed in females after ovariectomy – catalase activity statistically significantly (p < 0.001) increased by 2.6 times compared to the indicators of females not administered with CPE. The administration of CPE in female rats without altering hormonal status was accompanied by a twofold (p < 0.01) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index compared to male rats, indicating more pronounced antioxidant properties of CPE in female rats.

Heavy metals are common in Antarctic habitats. However, the adaptations of Antarctic microorganisms to heavy metals are poorly understood. One of the mechanisms of toxicity of transition metals is the formation of free radicals which damage the cell macromolecules. In 2020, we isolated the bacteria Paenibacillus tundrae IMV B-7915 from a sample containing moss, soil, and underground parts of Deschampsia antarctica (Berthelot Islands, Maritime Antarctic). The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of copper (II) chloride on the specific growth rate, the content of products of free radical damage to lipids and proteins, the activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes, and the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances in P. tundrae IMV B-7915. The bacteria were incubated for an hour in Tris-HCl buffer with 2–8 mM copper (II) chloride, then washed and inoculated into the tryptic soy broth. The bacteria were cultured for 72 hours. The content of copper in the cells was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The content of indicators of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), oxidative modification of proteins (carbonyl groups in proteins), the activity of the antioxidant defense system enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase), total thiols, exopolymeric compounds (exopolysaccharides and proteins) were determined photometrically. Within an hour, cells accumulate 1.5–3.4 mg Cu/g of biomass, leading to a decrease in biomass accumulation and specific growth rate within 24 hours. In cells, copper ions induce free radical reactions of damage to cell macromolecules, reflected in the increase in the content of primary lipid peroxidation products and carbonyl groups in proteins. Cell division is inhibited. In response, P. tundrae IMV B-7915 cells activate efflux systems, as evidenced by a significant decrease in copper content during prolonged cultivation, and enzymes of antioxidant defense and synthesis of exopolysaccharides. The complex of the studied adaptation reactions ensures the detoxification of copper accumulated in cells, reflected in the restoration of the specific growth rate.

To date, there is no consensus on the pathogenesis of miscarriage. In modern life, human health is signifi cantly infl uenced by environmental factors. In this regard, 37 years after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, the question of remote cytogenetic and hereditary eff ects in the off spring of parents aff ected by radiation remains relevant. Ecosystems contaminated with radioactive substances are a source of exposure for humans. Internal irradiation is the cause of reproductive losses. Radiation stress aff ects the course of redox processes in the body. Biochemical indicators are markers of the infl uence of environmental factors on a person. The study is dedicated to determining the state of peroxide hemostasis in the case of miscarriage. Aim: to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of the detoxification system in case of miscarriage due to the accumulation of 137Cs. Material and methods. The fi rst (research) group included women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy; the second (control) group included women with an uncomplicated history and course of pregnancy. Additionally, the fi rst group was divided into subgroups according to pregnancy outcomes: А – 38 women who gave birth at 37-40 weeks, despite the complicated course of the current pregnancy, В – 13 women who gave birth at 28-36 weeks + 6 days, С – 9 women who birth at 22-27 weeks + 6 days. The state of peroxide hemostasis in women was studied using biochemical studies. Accumulation of 137Cs with diff erent activity was detected in the placentas of the examined women of both groups using β-spectrometry. Morphological examination of placentas was performed according to the protocol. The severity of placental damage was studied by Olympus BX51 and Axioskop 40 microscopes. Analyzing the results revealed a relationship between biochemical indicators, the activity of 137Cs, and pregnancy scenarios. Statistical data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (2016) and Fisher angular transformation. The diff erence between comparative values was considered signifi cant at p < 0.05 (probability index greater than 95 %). Permission to conduct research was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology named academic Elena M. Lukyanova of the National Аcademy of Мedical Sciences of Ukraine» (protocol No 3 of 07.06.2017). Scientifi c research work is to «Develop the latest and improve existing technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of premature termination of pregnancy in women with miscarriage taking into account the passport of the placenta» (2018-2020). Code VN.20.00.02.18, state registration number 0118U000039, KPKV 6561040. Results. It has been confi rmed that the state of the environment plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of miscarriage. It has been proven that placental dysfunction caused by abnormal oxidative stress due to the action of incorporated 137Cs leads to pregnancy termination. As a result of the depletion of the antioxidant reserve, the compensatory capabilities of the placenta decrease. It was established that activity in the placenta up to 1.0 Bq/kg of 137Cs does not aff ect the course of gestation. The compensatory capacity of the placenta remains preserved even with the accumulation of 1.1 to 4.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs. At the same time, it is possible to prolong the pregnancy until the term of timely delivery. Internal irradiation with an activity of 4.5-10.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs causes damage to the stroma of the maternal surface of the placenta and premature birth at 28-36 weeks + 6 days. At the same time, newborns are viable due to the preservation of compensatory reactions in the placenta. Accumulation of more than 10.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs causes antenatal death of the fetus and early premature birth due to damage to maternal and fetal structures of the placenta. An increase in the content of malondialdehyde and a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood indicate the severity of radiation damage. Conclusions. Internal exposure to 137Cs disrupts the architecture and functional capacity of the placenta. Extreme eff ects depend on the activity of 137Cs, the compensatory capabilities of the placenta, and the pregnant woman’s body. Activation of lipid peroxidation acts as a biochemical amplifi er of radiation exposure. An increase in the blood of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and free SH groups is associated with the severity of radiation damage. An early marker of primary placental dysfunction, premature birth, and antenatal fetal loss is an increase in MDA content in the blood by 12.0 % and a decrease in SOD by 6.5 % relative to permissible values. An early marker of exhaustion of the compensatory reserve is an increase in the content of MDA in the blood by 23.3 % and a decrease in SOD by more than 18.2 % relative to the permissible values. Decompensation of adaptation mechanisms in the system «mother- placenta-fetus» leads to antenatal losses.

The impact of the environment on human health in modern conditions cannot be underestimated. The study of the pathogenesis of disease is impossible without establishing the factors of destabilization of biological membranes. The article highlighted the problem of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense associated with the accumulation of radiocesium in the placenta. Objective: to determine the biochemical markers of miscarriage associated with the accumulation of 137Cs in the pla& centa. Materials and methods. According to the research design, pregnant women were divided into groups. Group 1 included 153 women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy. Group 2 (control) included 30 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and medical history. The women of Group 1 were divided into subgroups: 1a - in which the pregnancy ended with timely delivery, despite threatening signs of termination; 1b - pregnancy ended in late premature birth; 1c - pregnancy ended in early premature birth. Accumulation of 137Cs with different activity was detected in the placentas of both groups by β&spectrometry. The effect of 137Cs is the activation of free radical processes. The strength of oxidative stress was studied by the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the activity of catalase, glutathione&S&transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical studies were per& formed using a spectrophotometer «Specol&11» (Germany). Results. The increase of DC in the 1st trimester by 2.25 times, in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters by 1.25 and 1.5 times indi& cates the activation of free radical reactions. The trigger for late preterm births is an increase in MDA in the 1st trimester by 17.4 %. An increase in MDA by 23.4 % in the 1st trimester indicates the risk of early premature birth and intrauterine death of the fetus. A decrease in the activity of SOD in the 1st trimester by 13.0 % can be a predictor of premature birth. Decreased activity of SOD by 18.2 % in the 1st trimester indicates decompensation of adaptation mechanisms. As a result of oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta, the activity of GST decreases almost 2 times. In the 1st trimester, catalase activity in the blood of pregnant women of the 1b and 1c subgroups was reduced by 39.2 % and 44.9 %. The dynamics of catalase in the 2nd trimester indicate the activation of adaptive reactions. After 25 weeks, catalase activity is inhibited in pregnant women of subgroups 1b and 1c due to depletion of antioxidant protection mechanisms. The activity of 137Cs in the placenta above 4.5 Bq/kg causes depletion of antioxidant mechanisms, which is confirmed by persistent inhibition of catalase and SOD activity against the background of high levels of DC and MDA in the blood. Critical for pregnancy is the activity of 137Cs in the placenta above 10.4 Bq/kg. Conclusions. The accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation beyond the capacity of the antioxidant system. Extreme effects depend on the 137Cs activity and placenta compensatory ability. Indicators of MDA, DC, SOD, and catalase are prognostic regarding the power of oxidative stress and pregnancy scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to studying psychoneurological disorders and biochemical parameters, such as medium molecules, oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation, occurring in patients after suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The authors analyze the results of studies aimed at determining the impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system, particularly on neurons and astrocytes. The research is focused on studying the connection between neuroinflammation and mental disorders and the possibilities of anti-inflammatory treatment in the context of post-COVID syndrome. Particular emphasis is placed on determining the optimal methods of diagnosis and monitoring the levels of medium molecules, as well as considering the importance of oxidative modification of proteins in the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome. This article is aimed at specialists in the fields of neurology, psychiatry, and immunology, as well as anyone interested in studying the neuropsychological aspects of post-convulsive syndrome and possible treatment strategies for these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Genital endometriosis is one of the most urgent problems of modern gynecology. Considering oxidative stress as a pathogenetic link of endometriosis, we believe it reasonable to use a combined drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for genital endometriosis supplemented with the use of superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc, taking into account the leading pathophysiological links of the pathology. Materials and methods. Thirty-seven women of reproductive age with genital endometriosis were under observation. Treatment in the first group was carried out in accordance with the Guideline Development Group recommendations. Thirty-nine women of the second group additionally received a drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The control group included 30 healthy women. The state of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the blood serum and the antioxidant defense system by the content of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. To monitor the patients’ quality of life, pain syndrome was studied using the Visual Analogue Scale. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by means of the standard StatSoft Statistica for Windows 13.0 program package. Results. The assessment of the pain syndrome in the second group showed that it completely disappeared in women with the first stage of the disease. Among patients with the second stage, pain disappeared in 8 cases, 3 patients had a decrease from severe to mild pain. At the third stage, pain disappeared completely in 5 women, in 4 cases, it decreased from severe to mild, and in one woman, the pain decreased from unbearable to mild. All patients of the second group noted a decrease in pain during intercourse, and in the first stage — its absence, an increase in work capacity (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), a decrease in irritability and anxiety in the perimenstrual period (r = –0.59, p < 0.05) and overall satisfaction with the treatment result. Side effects were not noted in any of the patients. Conclusions. Improving treatment for genital endometriosis by supplementing therapy with superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc is pathogenetically justified, as it has a significant positive effect on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system, compared to the traditional treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was a preclinical assessment of acute toxicity, skin resorptive, irritant effects, cumulative and catalase activity, as well as sensitizing properties of the local gel composition “Benzidaflaziverdine” (GCB) used for the treatment of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. Materials and methods. 119 animals were involved in the experiment, assigned to seven main and two control groups. GCB was administered intragastrically in doses of 300–600 mg/kg and intradermally of 200 μg into the outer surface of the ear. The native solution of GCB was applied to the skin and mucous membranes, administered orally by the method of “subchronic toxicity” and to the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed by the level of diene conjugates (DCs) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the antioxidant system by catalase activity. The specific leukocyte agglomeration reaction (SLAR), the specific leukocyte lysis reaction, and neutrophil damage indicators were used. Results. The median lethal dose LD50 for rats and mice of both sexes exceeded 5000 mg/kg. The irritant effect of GCB on the mucous membranes was manifested by hyperemia on the second day. Symptoms of irritation disappeared after 3–4 days without medical intervention. An analysis of the CAM blood vessels after exposure to GCB in two observations at the 120th second showed the beginning of hemorrhages. In one observation, GCB caused minor hemorrhages at the 300th second of the experiment. It was found that the coefficient of GCB irritant action was 5 (the mean score of Me (Q1; Q3) was 5 (4; 5)). The coefficient of cumulation (Kcum) exceeded 8.2. An insignificant increase in the median or mean values of catalase enzyme activity, DCs, and the amount of LPO end product such as MDA was observed compared to the control group animals. The SLAR test indicated the development of a delayed-type allergic reaction under the influence of GCB in a 1:10 dilution. One-hundred-fold dilution did not cause significant changes in the indicator in the main group compared to the control one. Conclusions. GCB belongs to the 4th class of toxicity – practically non-toxic substances, does not have sex- and species sensitivity, has weak cumulative activity, minimal effect on the system of LPO. GCB can be recommended for the use in clinical periodontology for medical support of orthodontic patients.

Background. Male infertility is one of the most serious medical and social problems. Idiopathic infertility accounts for about 30 % of cases of infertile men. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a decreased fertility potential. The aim of the present work was to determine the lipid peroxidation level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in seminal plasma and blood plasma of infertile men with idiopathic infertility and concomitant autoimmune joint pathology (rheumatoid arthritis). Materials and Methods. 45 infertile men aged 22–48 were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: first group – 23 somatically healthy patients with idiopathic infertility; second group – 22 infertile men with rheumatoid arthritis. The control group consisted of 27 males with normal semen profile according to the WHO criteria and confirmed parenthood. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured in the blood and seminal plasma. Results. When analyzing the seminal fluid, we found that the TBARS content was 4-fold greater in infertile men with autoimmune pathology compared to fertile men (p

Background. Lyme disease is a common tick-borne infection. Untimely diagnosis and treatment lead to the chronicity of the process with the development of late lesions of various systems and organs and possible disability. The purpose of the study was to develop a program of rehabilitation measures for children with Lyme disease. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the Ternopil Regional Children’s Hospital. Twenty children, residents of the Ternopil region, who applied to the Ternopil Regio­nal Children’s Hospital for tick bites and, as a result, diagnosed Lyme arthritis, took part in the study. To assess the severity of pain, we used scales and questionnaires for the diagnosis of DN4 neuropathic pain. Laboratory and instrumental studies were performed such as evaluation of the level of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, superoxide dismutase. Results. Clinical examination of tick-affected children with Lyme disease showed that the most common primary clinical manifestation is a typical skin lesion — erythema migrans. In case of arthritis, all children notice inflammatory changes and pain in the joints. As a result of the conducted studies, the activation of peroxidation in children with Lyme disease was detected (an increase in the level of malondialdehyde and a decrease in superoxide dismutase, diene conjugates). It was shown that combined therapy with the use of magnetic laser therapy leads to the normalization of lipid peroxidation. Conclusions. All children with Lyme arthritis have a pain syndrome of varying severity. In patients with Lyme disease, there is an increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the functional capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Children who underwent traditional treatment for Lyme arthritis reported a partial normalization of lipid peroxidation as evidenced by a significantly decreased level of diene conjugates compared to controls. In the group of patients who underwent combined treatment for Lyme arthritis (antibacterial therapy + magnetic laser therapy), the activity of antioxidant defense was normalized. Combination of magnetic laser therapy with antibacterial therapy demonstrates an improvement of pain status and faster rehabilitation of children.

The development of pharmacological methods to control oxidant stress manifestations in diabetes can be achieved using organic complex germanium compounds. One of the promising compounds is niacin-oxyethylenediphosphonategermanate (MIGU-4), which is an effective corrector of lipid metabolism and a stabilizer of the lipid layer of erythrocyte and hepatocyte membranes in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. The aim of the work is to determine the dynamics of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) in the brain tissue, as well as the diene conjugate (DC) content, lipid hydroperoxides (LHP), reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver mitochondria, the serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) in experimental diabetes mellitus with the correction using a complex compound of germanium with nicotinic acid - MIGU-4 and insulin, insulin alone as well as in comparison with effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation. Materials and methods. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60.0 mg/kg). MIGU-4 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of ED50 that was 25.0 mg/kg. Mitochondrial membranes were obtained by differential centrifugation of the liver tissue. In rats with confirmed diabetes, parameters of peroxidation and antioxidant protection were studied by generally accepted biochemical and biophysical methods. Results. Glucose levels were 29.4 % lower in rats treated with MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) after 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes than those in untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05), while a decrease was 39.0 % (p < 0.05) upon insulin treatment, and 47.2 % (p < 0.05) - with combined use of the drugs. The MDA content in the brain tissue was 3.48 times higher than that in the control (p < 0.05). At the same time, the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased by 46.4 % and 32.0 %, respectively, the activity of GPO was decreased by half (p < 0.05). In the liver mitochondria, the DC content exceeded that in the control by 53.5 % (p < 0.05), and the MDA and LHP levels were 2.48 times and 31.7 % higher (p < 0.05), respectively. AST activity was almost doubled, ALT activity was 5.48 times increased. Insulin and the biologically active substance MIGU-4 used alone exerted a moderate corrective effect. The combined use of the drugs caused definite therapeutic and preventive effects as the brain content of MDA was 2.4 times decreased, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPO was increased by 45.6 %, 35.2 % and 67.3 % (p < 0.05), respectively. In the liver mitochondria, the DC, MDA, and LHP contents were decreased by 41.0 %, 53.3 %, and 28.4 %, respectively, compared to those in rats with diabetes (p < 0.05). The activity of SOD and CAT as well as GSH content were increased by 2.7 times, 51.9 %, and 23.0 % (p < 0.05), respectively. AST and ALT activities were 42.2 % and 74.3 % (p < 0.05) reduced, respectively. The combined use of MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250.0 mg/kg) caused a decrease in the brain MDA content by 70.1 % (p < 0.05) in experimental rats. The combination of MIGU-4 and vitamin E increased the activity of GPO by 58.3 % (p < 0.05) as compared to rats with diabetes, indicating cumulative effects of these drugs. Conclusions. The use of MIGU-4 prevents the occurrence of oxidant stress manifestations in the brain tissue and liver mitochondria in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The corrective effect size of MIGU-4 (25.0 mg/kg) corresponds to that of vitamin E (250.0 mg/kg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of visual disability and irreversible blindness worldwide, and significantly affects quality of life. An improvement in the early diagnosis and prevention of primary glaucoma has a special value due to increasing social significance of the disease. Purpose: To investigate the value of the factors affecting vascular endothelium (oxidative stress, complement components and blood lipid profile) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and Methods: Ninety two patients (age, 65 to 80 years) with POAG and 30 controls (somatically healthy individuals of a similar age and no known eye disease) were included in the study. They underwent an eye examination including visual acuity, Maklakoff tonometry, non-contact tonometry, biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, and pachymetry. Plasma lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity levels, blood lipid composition and blood C3 and C5a levels were assessed. Results: Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with POAG were 87% higher compared to controls. Blood C3 levels in patients with POAG were 18% higher compared to controls. The C5a complement is a multicomponent plasma enzyme system that exhibits lysis and opsonization functions during activation. Blood C5a levels were 6 times higher in patients with POAG than in controls (13.86 ± 0.44 mg/scale division versus 2.33 ± 0.11 mg/scale division). Conclusion: Increased C5a activity, hypersecretion of active oxygen species (in the presence of insufficiently efficacious antioxidant system of blood), and increased atherogenic plasma index (in the presence of low levels of high-density lipoproteins) are a mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in POAG. We found an imbalance between the prooxidant and antioxidant systems, abnormal composition of blood lipids (e.g., hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) and elevated C5a levels in patients with POAG.

Abstract. The search for new strategies for the correction of exogenous toxic liver lesions is due to the steady increase in the incidence of hepatitis and cirrhosis among the working population, which is an important medical and social problem. The aim is to determine the effect of cryopreserved placenta extract (CEP) on the state of the liver of rats with tetrachloromethane (CCl4)-induced damage by indicators of lipid peroxidation (LP) and markers of cytolysis. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 28 male rats. Acute CCl4-induced hepatitis was reproduced by a single injection of 50.0% CCl4 oil solution. KEP was administered 1 time per day for 5 days before the introduction of CCl4. The material for the study was whole blood and liver homogenates, in which the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-RP), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, alanine aminotransferase (AlAt) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) activity, as well as γ-glutamyl activity were determined. γ-glutamyl transpeptidases (γ-GTP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) according to standard methods. Results and discussion. The study showed that the content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates was lower (p

Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00–10.0 % of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, prima­rily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Stu­dies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weig­hing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi et al. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa et al., catalase acti­vity — spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A. Korolyuk et al., the content of reduced glutathione — spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler et al., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic me­thod. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. ­Results. The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and ener­gy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p

Introduction. The problem of stress is currently one of the main problems not only in Ukraine, but also in the whole world. True, stress does not lead to damage in everyone, some adapt to stress. Studying the impact of different durations of stress, in particular, clarifying the mechanisms of their impact on the body, is relevant. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the processes of lipid peroxidation in the blood of rats of different sexes that have experienced stress of different durations. Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on 56 white male Wistar rats aged 3.5-4 months. The animals were divided into 4 groups: 1 – control, 2 – stress during 1 hour (Stress 1), 3 – stress during 2 hours (Stress 2), 4 – stress during 3 hours (Stress 3). Stress was induced by gently fixing the animal's on a plate with its back down. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (SOD, CAT), the concentration of diene and triene conjugates (DC, TC), Schiff's bases (SB), TBA-active products (TBA-ap) were determined in blood serum. Research results and their discussion. In male rats with Stress 1, compared to the control, there was an increase of DC by 11.1%, TC – by 14.9%, SB – by 26.3%, TBA-ap – by 27.5%, SOD – by 12.5%, CAT – by 31.3%. In female rats with Stress 1, compared to the control, there was an increase in DC by 4.2%, TC – by 8.9%, SB – by 45.2%, TBA-ap – by 14.1%, SOD – by 15.5%, and CAT – by 7.3%. Such results indicated greater activation of lipid peroxidation processes in males and greater activation of antioxidants in females. In males with Stress 2, compared to the control, the content of DC increased by 83.1%, TC – by 97.4%, SB – by 65.1%, TBA-ap – by 2.6 times, SOD decreased by 9.5%, CAT increased by 44.5%. In females with Stress 2 the content of DC increased by 30.3%, TC – by 28.2%, SB – by 35.5%, TBA-ap – by 85.6%. SOD was at the same level as in the control, CAT increased by 23.1%. Such results indicated a greater activation of lipid peroxidation processes in males and a decrease in their antioxidant activity. In males with Stress 3, compared to the control, the content of DC increased by 2.6 times, TC – by 2.8 times, SB – by 75.8%, TBA-ap – by 3.2 times. SOD decreased sharply by 41.9%, and CAT increased by 66.6%. In females with Stress 3 the content of DC increased by 2.5 times, TC – by 2.5 times, SB – by 45.2%, TBC-ap – by 2.9 times. SOD sharply decreased by 19.6%, and CAT increased by 35.4%. Such results indicated a significant activation of lipid peroxidation processes when antioxidant activity was depleted in males. It was also noted the presence of erosions on the mucous membrane precisely during stress lasting 3 hours, when spot hemorrhages appeared after 2 hours, and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa - after 1 hour. Conclusion. Animals adapt to stress lasting 1 hour. With stress that lasts for 2 hours, disadaptation of animals occurs. With stress that lasts for 3 hours, the animal's body becomes exhausted. In male rats, lipid peroxidation processes occur at a higher level, compared to females.

Background. Many types of tumors are sensitive to changes in prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Thus, further studies on reactive oxygen species inducing antitumor drugs that generate oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxic effects are promising. Our previous works showed that thiazole derivatives in combination with polymeric carriers have a pronounced cytotoxic effect on tumor, while not being cytotoxic against pseudo-normal cells in vitro. It was found that thiazole derivatives in complex with PEG-based polymeric carriers affected the antioxidant system of lymphoma cells in vitro. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effect of the complex of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) in combination with polymeric carriers poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th1), poly(PEGMA) (Th3) and poly(PEGMA-co-DMM) (Th5) on the level of lipid peroxidation products in NK/Ly cells. Materials and Methods. The experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with a grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were inoculated into mice intraperitoneally. Abdominal drainage with ascites of anesthetized mice was performed with a sterile syringe on the 7th–10th days after inoculation. Investigated compounds BF1, polymeric carriers Th1, Th3, Th5 and combination of BF1 + Th1 (Th2), BF1 + Th3 (Th4) and BF1 + Th5 (Th6) at a final concentration of 10 μM were added to the lymphoma samples and incubated for 10 minutes. The level of lipid peroxidation products, such as lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-positive products) were determined according to the techniques described below. Results. All applied complexes based on thiazole derivative BF1 and PEG-based polymeric carriers at a concentration of 10 μM increased the activity of lipid hydroperoxi­des in the lymphoma cells by 29–36% compared to control. Complexes Th2 and Th6 increased the significance of BF1 influence on lymphoma cells from P

The work shows that growing peas in Ukraine produces a significant amount of a secondary resource - unused straw, which is inexpedient from both economic and environmental points of view. This also contradicts current global trends regarding the most efficient use of all available types of food and feed raw materials to ensure food security of the population, and reduce the negative impact on the environment. It is shown that the use of pea straw in the feed industry will allow returning a significant amount of natural resources into the chain of creating products for people, in addition, it will contribute to an increase in the production of animal protein. The reasons for the low efficiency of using straw as a component of enriching the nutritional value of compound feed products are given and the expediency of using it as a component with functional properties is shown. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of the consumption of flour from pea straw on the state of lipid peroxidation in the digestive system under conditions of experimental dysbiosis. We used flour from the vegetative parts of peas (straw). Dysbiosis was reproduced in rats using the antibiotic lincomycin. The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissues of the digestive system (mucous membranes of the cheeks, small and large intestines, as well as in the liver). Pea straw flour was added to the compound feed in the amount of 10% instead of wheat grain. The experiment lasted 18 days. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase was also determined, and the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated from the ratio of catalase and MDA indices. An increase in lipid peroxidation intensity and a slight decrease in catalase activity in rats with dysbiosis were found. Consumption of flour from pea straw reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation, especially in the colon mucosa. It was found that dysbiosis in the digestive system stimulates LPO to a greater extent in organs with low catalase activity. Pea straw flour has antioxidant properties.

The prohibition of using antibiotics with growth-stimulating properties in the European Union led to the search for new, safer, more effective, and cheaper feed additives. One of these substances was rare earth elements (REE, atomic numbers 57–71) due to their low toxicity and protective and antioxidant properties. At the same time, higher efficiency of organic forms of REE was noted. Thanks to this, it is possible to assume their even more pronounced effect in nano-sized form as feed additives and the need to conduct research in this direction. Therefore, this work aims to study the metabolic parameters of the blood in rats under long-term oral administration of nanoparticles of one of the representatives of rare earth elements – gadolinium orthovanadate (NP GdVO4:Eu3+) under food stress. Experimental samples of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles activated by Europium (spindle-shaped geometry; size 8×25 nm; initial concentration 1.0 g/dm³ ) were used in work. Experimental studies on rats were carried out based on the vivarium of the NSC “IEKVM”. The object of research was 140 mature male Wistar rats with an initial weight of 180–200 g. Four groups of animals, 35 rats each, were formed according to the principle of analogs. During the experiment, animals of the control group received drinking water without additives; rats of the І experimental group were given a solution of NP GdVO4:Eu3+ at a dose of 0.2 mg/dm³ (≈ 0.03 mg/kg of body weight); II research group – at a dose of 1.0 mg/dm³ (≈ 0.15 mg/kg of body weight) and rats of III research group – at a dose of 2.0 mg/dm³ (≈ 0.30 mg/kg of body weight). Drinking was carried out for 56 days, then it was completed, and the rats were observed for another 14 days. A nutritionally unbalanced diet was used as a stress factor. Taking into account the results of biochemical studies, the adaptogenic effect of NP GdVO4:Eu3+ in the range of doses of 0.2–1.0 mg/dm³ of drinking water (≈ 0.03–0.15 mg/kg of body weight) on the body of white rats was established under conditions of food stress with optimal duration of action – 28–42 days. Under the conditions of administration at a dose of 2.0 mg/dm³ of drinking water (≈ 0.30 mg/kg of body weight), a hepatic(cyto-)toxic effect of nanoparticles was detected, which was accompanied by an irreversible decrease in the structural indicators of lipid metabolism, the consumption of antioxidant resources and the induction of intensity processes of lipid peroxidation against the background of alanine aminotransferase hyperenzymemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the environment on human health in modern conditions cannot be underestimated. The study of thepathogenesis of disease is impossible without establishing the factors of destabilization of biological membranes.The article highlighted the problem of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense associated with the accumulationof radiocesium in the placenta., Objective: to determine the biochemical markers of miscarriage associated with the accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta., Materials and Methods: According to the research design, pregnant women were divided into groups. Group 1included 153 women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy.Group 2 (control) included 30 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and medical history. The women of Group1 were divided into subgroups: 1a - in which the pregnancy ended with timely delivery, despite threatening signsof termination; 1b - pregnancy ended in late premature birth; 1c - pregnancy ended in early premature birth.Accumulation of 137Cs with different activity was detected in the placentas of both groups by β-spectrometry. Theeffect of 137Cs is the activation of free radical processes. The strength of oxidative stress was studied by the contentof diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood. The antioxidant capacity was determined by theactivity of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical studies were performed using a spectrophotometer «Specol-11» (Germany)., Results: The increase of DC in the 1st trimester by 2.25 times, in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters by 1.25 and 1.5 times indicates the activation of free radical reactions. The trigger for late preterm births is an increase in MDA in the 1sttrimester by 17.4 %. An increase in MDA by 23.4 % in the 1st trimester indicates the risk of early premature birth andintrauterine death of the fetus. A decrease in the activity of SOD in the 1st trimester by 13.0 % can be a predictor ofpremature birth. Decreased activity of SOD by 18.2 % in the 1st trimester indicates decompensation of adaptationmechanisms. As a result of oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta, the activity of GSTdecreases almost 2 times. In the 1st trimester, catalase activity in the blood of pregnant women of the 1b and 1csubgroups was reduced by 39.2 % and 44.9 %. The dynamics of catalase in the 2nd trimester indicate the activationof adaptive reactions. After 25 weeks, catalase activity is inhibited in pregnant women of subgroups 1b and 1c dueto depletion of antioxidant protection mechanisms. The activity of 137Cs in the placenta above 4.5 Bq/kg causesdepletion of antioxidant mechanisms, which is confirmed by persistent inhibition of catalase and SOD activityagainst the background of high levels of DC and MDA in the blood. Critical for pregnancy is the activity of 137Cs inthe placenta above 10.4 Bq/kg., Conclusions: The accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation beyond thecapacity of the antioxidant system. Extreme effects depend on the 137Cs activity and placenta compensatory ability.Indicators of MDA, DC, SOD, and catalase are prognostic regarding the power of oxidative stress and pregnancyscenarios., (A. A. Zhyvetska-Denysova, I. I. Vorobiova, L. A. Lozova, O. V. Shamaieva, S. K. Stryzhak.)

The use of herbicides for sowing grain cultures, including grain sorghum, is an integral condition for high yield indicators. However, upon penetrating into plant organisms, herbicides can intensify synthesis of the reactive oxygen species, which leads to the aggravation of lipid peroxidation and activates antioxidant systems, namely superoxide dismutase enzyme. It is known that phytohormones and microbial preparations, if included in the cultivation technology, can improve plants’ ability to resist oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the integrative influence of herbicides, phytohormones, and microbial preparations on activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme as well as on lipid peroxidation intensity in plants of grain sorghum is understudied, which preconditioned the purpose of this study. The objects of this study were as follows: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) of the Milo W hybrid, herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, phytohormone Endofit L1 and biopreparation Bioarsenal. The study was conducted following the requirements of vegetation method. The activity of lipid peroxidation was investigated according to the number of malondialdehyde formed in the plant tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (EC 1.15.1.1) was investigated according to its ability to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide anions resulting from interaction between the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and phenazine methosulfate. The study revealed that under the effect of the herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, indicators of the lipid peroxidation activity in plants averaged 26.2-93.2% higher than in control sample, depending on the herbicide rate and the day after application. Activity of superoxide dismutase in these conditions exceeded that in the control sample by 18.2-96.8% on average. However, provided the joint use of herbicides, phytohormones, and biopreparation, the plants demonstrated a decrease of the lipid peroxidation activity. It lowered by 14.5-19.1% against the background of superoxide dismutase increase by 22.0-38.7% relatively to the variants where only herbicide was used. Results of the experiment attest the positive influence of the phytohormone and biopreparation on the grain sorghum’s resistance to the oxidative stress caused by herbicides. The observed data can become a cornerstone for the further development of biologised cultivation technologies of this culture

Here, we have studied the impact of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) particles on erythrocyte membrane state in a model of hypothermic storage of blood samples by examining the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) primary products and hematological indices (free and total hemoglobin, hematocrit and hemolysis levels). After hypothermic storage of blood samples within 5 weeks, no significant difference in hematological indices between the control and experimental groups was revealed. In 2 weeks of hypothermic storage, the cells from experimental group in NCD presence showed an increased content of mainly those primary LPO products, which precursors were polyunsaturated fatty acids with two double bonds (conjugated dienes and oxidienes), thereby indicating the free radical processes activation. Four weeks' storage demonstrated significantly decreased content of all primary LPO products in the experimental group cells in contrast to the control group. To the final step of the study (5 weeks of storage), the content of all primary LPO products in experimental and control groups was similar, that was an evidence of the ability of NCD particles to affect the erythrocyte membrane as well change the LPO intensity depending on storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Various modes of transport are among the main sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals and other pollutants. Bryophytes are known to accumulate heavy metals; however, metabolic changes in mosses under conditions of metal accumulation have not been extensively studied. The aim of this article was to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals, the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system in Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. moss collected in urban areas with an intense load created by road and railway transport. Materials and Methods. Gametophyte shoots were collected at three sampling sites in the city of Lviv (Ukraine). Site 1 was selected in a park zone, which was considered a control one; sites 2 and 3 were selected in areas with heavy road and rail traffic, respectively. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the moss material were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The levels of LPO products, namely lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, were determined by standard methods. The results were processed using the methods of variation statistics. Results. Moss D. rigidulus growing in the park area (site 1) accumulated metals in the following order of decreasing concentration: Zn> Cr> Ni> Pb. Gametophyte shoots of D. rigidulus collected at site 2 accumulated higher levels of Pb, Zn and Ni (by 2.27, 1.78 and 1.45 times, respectively), and at site 3, higher levels of Pb and Zn (by 1.8 and 1.67 times, respectively) compared to gametophytes collected in the park zone. In the moss samples from these sites, no significant differences in the Cr content were found as compared to the control. Concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the moss sampled at sites 2 and 3 was 4.26 and 3.75 times higher, respectively, compared to the control, and TBARS production was more intense in plant material from site 2 than from the control site. SOD and catalase activities were considerably increased in D. rigidulus moss from site 2 compared with those from the control area; however, the activity of both enzymes in the moss samples from site 3 did not significantly exceed the control levels. Conclusions. Both road and rail traffic loads contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals, especially Zn and Pb, in D. rigidulus moss growing in the surrounding areas. Under such conditions, LPO process is stimulated, which is more pronounced in moss growing in area with heavy road traffic. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) in moss growing in this area can play an important role in protecting bryophyte cells against metal-induced oxidative stress under conditions of intense metal accumulation.

Introduction. There are evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the acute generalized peritonitis and diabetes mellitus.The aim of study was to examine levels of the products of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidants in rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 66 adult white male rats weighing 220-300 g. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Acute generalized peritonitis was induced with 10% faecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were estimated and compared.Results. Our results showed that during all stages of development of acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes there is the LOOHs decrease and the TBARS increase. We observed statistically significant inverse correlations between the level of LOOHs and SOD in the animals of subgroup 1 (r = -0.88; p Conclusion. Negative statistically significant correlations between the TBARS level and the antioxidants (SOD, CAT, CP) in the blood of animals with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes indicate a predictor role of lipid peroxidation processes in the depletion of antioxidant resources

Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00– 10.0 % of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, primarily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi et al. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa et al., catalase activity — spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A. Korolyuk et al., the content of reduced glutathione — spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler et al., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic method. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. Results. The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and energy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in adenosine triphosphate content by 73.3 %, an increase in adenosine diphosphate (p < 0.001) by 37.3 % and a decrease in adenosine monophosphate (p < 0.001) by 47.6 % that led to an increase in energy charge (p < 0.001) by 35.1 % compared to rats exposed to water-immobilization stress without correction (control group). It was shown that the use of placental cryoextract led to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 3.1 times versus control group, which was (26.60 ± 0.96) and (8.60 ± 0.43), respectively. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of placental cryoextract leads to the restoration of balance in the system of adenyl nucleotides and, accordingly, to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the energy charge by 35.1 % compared to the control animals. Inhibition of stress-induced hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa is one of the mechanisms of its antiulcer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation is aimed at studying the effect of abdominal surgical trauma (laparotomy) on markers of surgical stress and acute phase response as well as markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: 1st (control) group included "pseudooperated" animals (the procedure included the administration of anesthesia, epilation, fixation of animals, compression of the skin of the abdomen with Mikulicz's clamp by one click); the 2nd group included the rats, which were injected Salmonella typhi (in a dose of 0.4 μg/kg body weight 3 times during the 1st week and once a week for the next 7 weeks) before performing the "false operation"; the 3rd group was made up of the rats after laparotomy; and the 4th group involved the rats after laparotomy performed under LPSinduced SIR. The markers were assessed in 7 days following the "pseudo-operation" or laparotomy. The results obtained have demonstrated the combined effect of laparotomy and LPS-induced SIR was accompanied by a significant increase in the marker of surgical stress, the concentration of cortisol in blood plasma, which significantly exceeded the values of the groups 2 and 3 - by 61.8 and 25.1%, respectively. However, the content of acute-phase protein ceruloplasmin, an acute phase reactant, in the serum remained at the level of the 2nd group. Under these conditions, the concentration of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides significantly exceeded the relevant values in the 2nd and 3rd groups. The combined effect of surgical trauma and LPS-induced SIR considerably reduced the activity of constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase, which was significantly lower, by 41.7%, than the value in the group 2, and by 41.7% lower than in the group 3. At the same time, the total activity of this enzyme and the activity of its inducible isoform were consistent with the values of the 2nd group. This was accompanied by the development of decompensated lipid peroxidation (with a considerable decrease in the blood antioxidant potential). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, but the question of mediators of the immunomodulation remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation hormones as well as reactive oxygen species. Mediating role in the immunomodulation of neuroendocrine factors is analyzed in a previous article. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the parameters of nitrogenous metabolites and lipid peroxidation as well as between latter and immune parameters subordinate modulations by nitrogenous metabolites. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats. The plasma level and urinary excretion of the nitrogenous metabolites as well as parameters of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, malonic dyaldehid, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and neuroendocrine-immune complex were determined. Results. According to the canonical correlation analysis, the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites determines the state of lipid peroxidation by 38,8%. The latter, in turn, determines the constellation of immune parameters (subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites) by 61,4%. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and neuroendocrine parameters is 71,5%, and between the latter and immune status – 89,6%. Taken together, neuroendocrine parameters and lipid peroxidation parameters determine the pool of immune parameters subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites by 96,7%. It was previously shown that the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and a number of immune parameters is 95,8%. Conclusion. The obtained results, taken together with the previous ones, prove that uric acid, bilirubin, urea and creatinine realize their immunomodulatory effects both directly through receptors of immunocytes (aryl hydrocarbon, adenosine and TL) and with the participation of mediators of autonomic nervous and endocrine systems and lipid peroxidation.

Objective. To study the lipid peroxidation processes and endogenous intoxication indicators in patients with widespread peritonitis before surgery and during the treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 97 patients (43 men and 54 women) aged from 17 to 69 years with purulent peritonitis. According to treatment scheme, patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 received standard treatment, and in patients in group 2 standard treatment was supplemented by immunoreactions. The concentration of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase activity and the concentration of medium molecular weight peptides were determined in the blood of patients and almost healthy people. Results. The concentration of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and medium molecular weight peptides in the blood of patients with advanced peritonitis increased significantly depending on the clinical stage of the disease, while the activity of the enzyme catalase and the concentration of reduced glutathione were decreased. Conclusions. Immunoreactions in combination with standard treatment leads to normalization of lipid peroxidation and reduction of endogenous intoxication on the 5th and 10th days of treatment.

Background. The influence in vitro of thiazole derivative 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoro­methyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (PP2) on the level of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion radical and antioxidant system activity in lymphoma cells was studied. A pronounced cytotoxic action of the thiazole derivative on the tumor cells in vitro was reported earlier, however, no cytotoxicity of this substance was detected toward non-cancerous cells. In addition, it was shown that the sca­vengers of active forms of Oxygen significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the studied compound. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one on the content of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide radical and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the lymphoma cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were passaged by the intreperitoneal inoculation to mice. Abdominal drainage with ascites was performed with a sterile syringe under ether anesthesia. PP2 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. The product content and enzymatic activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis of obtained results was carried out using MS Excel-2013 program. Results. The influence of the pyrazolopyrimidine derivative on the content of lipid peroxidation products and superoxide radical in lymphoma cells was investigated. It was found that the studied compound did not change the amount of the primary lipid peroxidation products, but reduced the amount of secondary products. A decrease in the MDA content under the action of the studied derivative indicates probable interaction of the substance with the reactive Oxygen species. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative did not change the level of the superoxide radical. The effect of the thiazole derivative on the activity of key enzymes of the antioxidant system in lymphoma cells was investigated. The studied compound at the concentration of 10 µM activated superoxide dismutase. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative decreased the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Such changes in the activity of enzymes can cause the growth of hydrogen peroxide in the cell, which is toxic in large quantities. Conclusions. The obtained results may indicate that the studied pyrazolopyrimidine derivative can realize its cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells though the action on the pro­ducts of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activity. These data can be used to understand the mechanism of action of the studied compounds and for further improvement of their antitumor effect.

This review summarizes the most recent information on the role of lipid peroxidation processes in cell membranes and lipid peroxidation products in the regulation and formation of plant metabolism under the influence of stress factors. It is emphasized that plasmalemma permeability is an integral indicator of determining the functional state of plant cells under stress. The importance of the processes of lipoperoxidation in the formation of protective reactions and maintenance of homeostasis of plants under adverse effects is considered. It is concluded that activation of lipid peroxidation can cause the development of cell damage and then cell death, and at the same time induce the activation of protective mechanisms and the development of adaptive responses aimed at increasing stress resistance. The tasks and prospects of further research of cell membrane lipid peroxide oxidation processes are discussed in order to clarify the role of lipoperoxidation products in signaling, regulation, and maintenance of homeostasis by stressors.

The paper proposes a method for optimizing the prediction of the development of morphological disorders of skeletal muscle in experimental acute ischemia-reperfusion based on combined changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection. The approach is based on the use of neural network clustering.The purpose of the study – to propose a method for optimizing the prediction of the severity of morphological disorders in experimental acute ischemia-reperfusion on the basis of combined changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection by neural network clustering.The experimental model of ischemic-reperfusion lesion was represented by five groups of rats with reperfusion terms of 1 and 2 hours, 1 day, 7 and 14 days (18 animals each). Acute limb ischemia-reperfusion was simulated by applying SWAT rubber tourniquets on the hind right limb of animals for two hours under thiopental-sodium anesthesia. Histological examination was performed at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a sectional course and forensic medicine of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods. Determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the blood serum of each experimental group of rats was performed by the Central Research Laboratory of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine. For in-depth analysis and clustering of the indicators of the studied groups in order to optimize the prediction of the course of ischemic-reperfusion lesion, a neural network approach was used using the NeuroXL Classifier add-in for Microsoft Excel. The greatest prognostic value in relation to the severity of morphological disorders in the early reperfusion period according to the data of neural network clustering have combined changes in the level of TBA-active products and catalase.

In the first hour simulated fecal peritonitis development in the rats blood revealed an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde (p

The article presents experimental data on the effect of nickel citrate obtained using nanotechnology on the biochemical parameters of cows’ blood. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I was the control one. The animals of the II and III experimental groups received a feed additive of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg of dry matter of the diet daily during the ninth month of lactation and the first two months after calving. It was found that the addition of both doses of nickel citrate to the transition cows diet contributed to positive changes in some biochemical parameters. A decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-active products, as well as phenolic compounds was revealed. It should be noted that supplementation cows with nickel citrate in the first month after calving led to a significant increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxides by 15.1% in the third experimental group (P

Much attention has been paid to the ambiguous effects of the tourniquets and hemostatic bandages - namely the local and systemic consequences of planned operations, as well as the changes that occur after the cessation of bleeding from a wounded limb on the battlefield. However, there is still no consensus on the ischemic-reperfusion syndrome (IRS). Aim. Detect changes in the activity of lipid peroxidation in lung tissue on the background of experimental modifications of IRS. For this goal 260 male white rats aged 5-5.5 months were divided into 5 experimental groups: 1) EG1 - imposition of the tourniquet on the thigh for 2 h; 2) EG2 - modeling of venous blood loss in the amount of 40% of the volume of circulating blood; 3) EG3 - a combination of hemostatic tourniquet and blood loss 4) EG4 - mechanical injury to the thigh bone 5) a combination of hemostatic tourniquet and mechanical trauma. The biochemical study in 10 % lung homogenate was performed by reacting of peroxidation derivatives with thiobarbituric acid. Conclusions. It was found that each of these types of intervention caused the activation of lipid peroxidation in the lungs. The peculiarities of the reaction were such increase of this rate, which was the highest on the background of blood loss combined with the use of a tourniquet. However, the concentration of malonic dialdehyde was higher in the group where the imposition of the tourniquet was combined with mechanical trauma, compared with isolated mechanical trauma of the thigh. This has shown the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion.

Herbicides are able to penetrate plants, where they undergo metabolic transformations (detoxification), as a result is changes in lipoperoxidation processes and enzymatic reactions. The article presents the results of the vegetative exeperiment to study on the influence of biologically active substances (herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation) on the way of reactions of lipid peroxidation and on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme in winter pea plants. The objects of the study were winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) of NS Moroz variety, MaxiMox herbicide (0,8; 0,9; 1,0 and 1,1 l/ha), applied separately and in mixtures with the Agriflex Amino plant growth regulator (1,0 kg/ha) with pre-sowing bacterization (and without pre-sowing bacterization ) of seeds by the microbical preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t). Analysis were performed on the third and tenth day after spraying the plants with preparations. The experiment was performed under strictly controlled conditions with the requirements of the vegetative method. During a research experiment, it was found that treatment of plants with the herbicide separately and in combination with the plant growth regulator and microbial preparation, the course of reactions of lipid peroxidation in winter pea plants changed significantly. In particular, the variants of complex used herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation showed the lowest level of lipid peroxidation (the content of malondialdehyde was lower by 14-27 % than in herbicide-based variants) with the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme. This indicates a faster rate of neutralization of the toxicant, which generally contributed to the reduction level of lipid peroxidation on the background of the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of such pathologies is metabolic cardiomyopathy. This pathology includes dysfunction of amino acids, lipids, mitochondria, and disease of products accumulation. Conditions that can cause such changes include congenital and acquired hormone levels. A good example is the long-term use of dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with allergies or rheumatology diseases. Electrolyte disturbances are often a concomitant consequence of disease or lifestyle. They also contribute to heart damage under these conditions. Cell damage often begins with damage to cell lipid membranes and is accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The purpose of our study was to investigate diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in the animal ventriculs heart tissue of both sex in conditions of long-term action of dexamethasone and high concentration (4%) solution of sodium chloride in drink water. L-carnitine, as an antioxidant and having the ability to influence to energetic metabolism, apoptosis and transcription of DNA may be a promising means for correction disorders. The experiment was performed with the use of 96 mature white nonlinear rats. Dexamethasone with long-term use promotes the accumulation of diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (malondialdehyde is main) in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, more in animals with high content (4%) of NaCl in drinking water, and in males, compared with females. L-carnitine has the ability to significantly offset the negative effects of dexamethasone on the content of lipoperoxidation products in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, including against the background of increased salt content in drinking water.

Background. It is known about the existence of close functional link between adequate working kidney nephrons and bone metabolism. Focused monitoring of renal function is able to provide substantial assistance in the organization of preventive measures against latently emerging osteoporosis. Activation of lipoperoxidation is known to inhibit glomerular filtration, whereas antioxidants prevent this. We set ourselves the goal of clarifying correlations between glomerular filtration, as well as tubular water reabsorption and daily diuresis, on the one hand, and lipoperoxidation parameters, on the other hand. Materials and Methods. Experiment was performed on 50 healthy female Wistar rats 240-290 g, both intact and exposed to water-salt loads. By the size of the diuresis and the level of creatinine in plasma and urine, glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption were calculated. The plasma levels of diene conjugates and malondyaldehide as well as catalase of plasma and superoxide dismutase of erythrocytes were determined. The levels of the first three parameters determined in urine too. Results. In conditions of water-salt loads accompanied by chronic stress, glomerular filtration is downregulated by malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase; diuresis is also downregulated by malondialdehyde, but upregulated by catalase. Lipoperoxidation parameters determine kidney function by 52,8%. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the role of lipoperoxidation as a accompaniment of chronic stress in the regulation of kidney functions.

Introduction. Activation of lipid peroxidation processes, which are exacerbated in cases of limb ischemia-reperfusion associated with temporary application of a tourniquetis a key mechanism of acute blood loss. However, its significance in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction is understudied. The information on the effectiveness of carbacetam administration under these conditions, which has an antioxidant effect, is lacking.Objective. The aim of the research was to investigate the significance of lipid peroxidation processes in renal excretory dysfunction in cases of acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, and to evaluate the effectiveness of carbacetam for correction of these disorders.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 108 nonlinear male rats weighing 160-180 g. All animals were divided into five groups: a control group and four experimental groups (6 rats in each).The first experimental group comprised the animals anesthetized with thiopental sodium, in which a two-hour limb ischemia was simulated with further reperfusion. In the second experimental group the acute blood loss in the amount of 20-22% of a circulating blood volume was simulated to the anesthetized animals by femoral vein dissection. In the third experimental group these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group the animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion were administered with carbacetam intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight for correction. In the control group, the animals were anesthetized with equivalent dose of thiopental sodium; a tourniquet was applied for 2 hours without stopping the blood flow, and subsequently studied in 1 hour.In 1 and 2 hours, as well as in 1, 7and 14 days, the renal function was assessed in the experimental animals by means of the water loading test. Urine was collected for 2 hours and diures is was determined. After urine collection, the rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium andtakenout of the experiment by total bloodletting from the heart. Concentrations of sodium in the urine and serum, as well as protein in the urine were determined. According to these data, sodium and protein excretion wasassessed. Additionally, the content of reagents with regard to thiobarbituric acid –TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation, was determined in the renal medulla.Results and discussion. In cases of limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss and their combination, the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla increased the most in 1 day. Up to the 14thday, the index decreased, but did not reach the level of the control group and was significantly higher in the group of animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion. In cases of the simulated injuries, increased sodium and protein excretion was evidenced compareto the control group.The highest increase in these parameters corresponded to the maximum activation of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla in relation to the terms, and according to the amplitude increased from the group with limb ischemia-reperfusion to the group with acute blood loss and then to the group with combination of these disorders. This pattern was manifested the most significantly in 7-14 days of the reperfusion period. In case of carbacetam administration, the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation and sodium excretionin the renal medulla significantly decreased in 7-14 days, compare to the animals without correction.Protein excretion decreased in 14 days of carbacetam administration. Taking into account the pronounced antioxidant properties of carbacetam, the attained result proved the significance of activation of lipid peroxidation processes in cases of kidney damage after limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss and their combination.Conclusions. With underlying limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss, and their combination, the sodium and protein excretion increase compare to the control group. The highest increase of these parameterstakes placein 1 day of the reperfusion period thatcorresponds to the maximal accumulation of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla in relation to the terms.The amplitude of changes in the studied parameters increases from the group of animals with limb ischemia-reperfusion to that with acute blood loss, and then to the group with their combination that is the most pronounced in 7-14 days of the reperfusion period.The carbacetam administration (at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal body weight) causes a significant nephroprotective effect and up to the 14th day leads to a significant decrease in the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation, reduced sodium and protein excretion in the renal medulla.

Background. There are current data on the role of dyslipidemia and enhanced processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, pathogenic mechanisms which can explain the link between main parameters of lipid metabolism and development of DR, especially in high myopia, are still understudied. Purpose. To study the parameters of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in blood and retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with deprivation myopia with a purpose to reveal the pathogenetic features of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the presence of myopia. Material and Methods. The study was performed on Wistar rats. The rabbits were divided into four groups: group 1, 15 rabbits with axial myopia; group 2, 15 rats with diabetes; group 3, 15 rats with myopia and diabetes; 10 intact rats serving as controls. Eyelids of two-week animals (30 rats) were sutured to induce axial myopia, according to Beuerman R.W. et al. The animals were kept under poor light conditions for 14 days. After a fortnight, the sutures were removed. In two weeks, 15 rats with myopia and 15 intact rats were induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was induced using 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (15.0 mg per 1 kg). The control rats were kept under natural light condition. The criterion of diabetes onset was an increase in the blood glucose level up to 4.5mmol/L. After two months, the animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and the eyeballs were enucleated. To assess myopia severity, axial length was measured post mortem using a digital sliding caliper (Topex) with 0.02 mm accuracy. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [16, 17], diene conjugates (DC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in the blood plasma and DC and MDA levels were measured in the retina. The Atherogenic Index (AI) was calculated. Data obtained were processed statistically with the parametric Student-t test using a software program (Statistica). Results. Expressed disorders were revealed in lipid metabolism, including increased levels of TC, LDL-C, TG, decreased HDL-C, and those in ratios of metabolic parameters in the blood of STZ diabetic rats with and without myopia. No significant changes in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were noted in the rats with deprivation myopia, which gives evidence that there are no disorders in lipid metabolism in the presence of myopia. Our study revealed no significant difference in lipid profile outcomes between the diabetic-only animals and diabetic animals with myopia. Studying LPO parameters in deprivation myopia showed a statistically insignificant increase in the levels of MDA and DC both in the blood plasma and retina of the myopic rats as compared with controls. STZ-induced diabetes resulted in significant changes in the level of LPO products in the rats’ blood plasma and retina. The MDA level was 3.8 times increased in diabetes (р

The aim to assess the effect of various complex treatment regimens on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in combination with obesity (OB) and biliary tract pathology (BT), based on 6-month follow-up data. Materials and methods. We examined 100 patients with NASH in combination with OB and pathology of BT. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy persons. Patients of all groups within 6 months have been prescribed a lifestyle correction, in particular: diet, exercise, work and rest. Patients of the 1 group (n = 34) received standard treatment for 30 days. Patients of the 2 group (n = 33) were prescribed standard treatment combined with the use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for 30 days at a dose of 15 mg·kg-1·d-1. Patients of the 3 group (n = 33) received standard treatment and UDCA combined with the use of arginine glutamate for 30 days. All LPO-AOP were performed at the beginning and at the end of treatment in all patients and 6 months after treatment in 20 patients in each group of observation. Results. A more significant decrease in the levels of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in blood serum (from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) was observed in patients of the 2 group and especially of the 3 group, as compared to the same values in the 1 group. The maximum effect of UDCA and glutamate arginine on the decrease in the formation of LPO toxic products in the blood was observed in the 3 group compared to the 2 group when studying the indices of diene conjugates and isolated double bonds 6 months after the treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Combination therapy (non-medicamentous and medicamentous) with the addition of UDCA and glutamate arginine to the standard treatment in the comorbid course of NASH can be considered as a promising direction in the treatment of this category of patients, which allows to restore the basic indices of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant protection.

Background. The role of metabolic changes in the anterior eye tissues in the pathogenesis of uveal inflammation in patients with elevated intraocular pressure has been studied poorly. Of particular interest, in this respect, are free radical mechanisms, which can be a trigger of oxidant stress and cause damage to cell membranes in ocular tissues. Purpose. To study the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and levels of lipid peroxidation products in the uvea tissues in the rabbits with experimental anterior non-infectious uveitis against the background of ocular hypertension. Material and Methods. Forty-one rabbits were divided into 4 study groups. Group 1: 10 animals with experimental ocular hypertension; group 2: 10 animals with experimental allergic uveitis; group 3: 12 animals with ocular hypertension and allergic uveitis; and group 4: 9 intact animals serving as controls. To simulate ocular hypertension in the groups 1 and 3, the animals were made a single 0.1 ml injection of 0.3% carbomer into the anterior chamber. The tissues of the uvea and the aqueous humour were studied biochemically. We estimated the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, and the content of lipid peroxides: malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates. The data of the experimental studies were processed using parametric statistical tests with an SPSS package and Statistica 5.5 Results. The activity of pro-oxidants enzymes was increased in all uvea tissues in all study groups; the maximal NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity was in the animals with both ocular hypertension and uveitis. The NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity was increased by 51.1% and 63.9% (р

HIPEC (Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneally chemoperfusion) is a method of treating primary and secondary peritoneal tumors. Perfusion of the peritoneal cavity with solutions with cytotoxic agents at a temperature above the physiological norm (41-43 ° C) occurs when HIPEC. The conducted biochemical studies suggest that with HIPEC, elevated temperature is an important factor and leads to potentiation of the toxic effect of cisplatin. Despite the higher accumulation of platinum in the kidneys during cold solution perfusion, the resulting change in biochemical parameters is higher with the simultaneous action of elevated temperature and cisplatin.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ovariectomy and its combination with stress (femoral fracture) on the periodontal condition in old rats. Materials and methods. A total of 24 white female rats were used in the experiment. The first group consisted of intact rats. Rats of the second group were subjected to an ovariectomy (OE) at the age of 2 months. Rats of the third group underwent a fracture of the one femur 1 month before they were euthanized. The animals were sacrificed at 15 months of age. Results. The level of LPO was increased in the liver, salivary glands and alveolar bone process after experimental ovariectomy; the recession defects on molars were significantly increased. Stress (femoral fracture) aggravated the intensification of peroxidation processes in the salivary glands and liver of rats. The levels of nucleic and higher polyene fatty acids in the liver lipids were decreased in the combination of ovariectomy and stress. The level of LPO in the alveolar bone process was not changed significantly. Histomorphometric study of periodontium in rats revealed a decrease in the upper margin of epithelial attachment. Conclusions. Experimental estrogen deficiency caused the most significant pathogenic effect on the periodontium in old rats. The obtained data demonstrate that female sex hormone deficiency is one of the mechanisms in periodontitis pathogenesis.

The aim of work – to analysis of changes in the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation in experimental animals were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction. The obtained results indicate an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation, starting from the 30th and with further progression on the 60th and 180th days of experimental diabetic retinopathy, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of diene conjugates in the 2nd group, the maximum of which is observed at the 3rd stage. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in the 3rd group had a positive effect, but was not able to reduce the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant activity, so the use of additional agents became necessary. The use of aflibercept and a nitric oxide donor in the 4th group to correct the development of diabetic retinopathy significantly suppressed oxidative stress, the maximum of which occurred on the 180th day of the experiment, but did not reach control indicators. It was proven that the combined administration of bromfenac and aflibercept in the 5th group significantly reduced the number of primary LPO products, but not as significantly as in the 4th group. It was proved that the administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac to the animals of the 6th group reduced the content of diene conjugates already on the 30th and continued on the 60th and 180th days of the study, but it also did not reach the control indicators. The combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline in rats of the 7th group proved to be the most effective correction, as evidenced by the normalization of the level of the studied indicators on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment, and on the 180th, a decrease in the content of markers was detected oxidative stress to control indicators.

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the AOР and LPО system in animals simulated complications of the microcirculatory tract (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy) on the background of type 2 diabetes. It was found that in the group of animals with type 2 diabetes increased the level of DC, TBCproducts and MDA; catalase and FG levels decreased. In animals with simulated DN, AOP disorders were more pronounced compared to animals with DR. This trend can be explained by the fact that in addition to hyperglycemia in these animals, the excessive formation of free radicals contributes to metabolic shifts in ischemic areas of tissues and organs. Disturbance of balance in AOP and LPO in type 2 diabetes triggers a pathogenetic cascade of development of complications of the microcirculatory tract and is accompanied by a tendency to further increase the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of POL in microangiopathies.

It is known that the development of the tumor is accompanied by a change in the oxidative-reducing equilibrium with the participation of active forms of oxygen, by the so-called radical burst, that leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and to the destruction of the membrane structures of the body. In our previous studies, it has been shown that the cluster Rhenium(III) compounds contain an unique quadruple bond, have anti-carcinogenic activity and reduce the intensity of oxidative stress during carcinogenesis. Recently, our colleagues chemists have synthesized new compounds a number of cis-dicarbocylates with adamanthyl, ferulate and indolyl ligands, which are the constitutents of many natural and synthetic biologically active substances that we called biologically active ligands. Among the compounds studied, the compounds with adamanthyl acid derivatives occupied a separate position, since their administration to tumor rats led to virtually complete inhibition of tumors and support for protein-synthesizing liver function. Actual studies of antioxidant properties of cluster Rhenium(III) compounds with biologically active ligands in erythrocytes are in time, as such studies are being carried out for the first time. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Rhenium cluster compounds with adamanthyl ligands in nano-liposomal forms, separately and in combination with cisplatin (Rhenium-Platinum system), on the intensity of lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte integrity and activity of antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells following administration to rats with tumor carcinoma of Guerink. Objects and methods of research. Experiments were performed on the Wistar line rats. 14 animal groups were used. In this work, Rhenium(III) compounds were studied with adamanthyl ligands and cisplatin. The introduction of drugs by 3 methods in nanoliposomal forms to Guerink carcinoma-bearing rats was performed. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, concentration of TBA-active products in erythrocytes and erythrocytic integrity were determined. Research results and discussion. A decrease in the content of TBC-active products was found for the administration of all experimental compounds to rat tumors, regardless of the method of administration to the 6-fold level in comparison to the groups of tumor-bearing rats. The introduction of Re AcAd, regardless of the method, was found to be the most effective in suppressing the intensity of the LPO (5 times compared with the group of rat-tumor carriers) than other experimental compounds. Also, for this group, an increase in the activity of SOD (up to 3 times) and the activity of KAT (on 20%) of erythrocytes for introductions in different ways in comparison with the control was found. The introduction of Rhenium(III) cluster compounds with adamantyl ligands, along with inhibition of tumor growth and activation of SOD, leads to an increase in KAT activity by 13-25% compared with control. Conclusions. Consequently, Rhånium(III) compounds with adamanthyl ligands did not differ from Rhånium(III) compounds with alkyl ligands in terms of the ability to decrease the activity of LPO, maintain the integrity of red blood cells, and increase the activity of SOD, but, unlike alkyl dicarboxylates, these substances promoted the activation of CAT in tumor growth erythrocites. Rhenium(III) carboxylates with trans-configuration has been less effective than cis-dicarboxylates. These data may be partially explained by the different direct interaction between cis- and trans- dicarboxylates and proteins that was confirmed by our recently obtained data. Prospects for further research. The further study of the properties of cluster Rhenium(III) compounds and the Rhenium-Platinum systems is promising for the development of new antitumor compounds that would not only suppress tumor growth but also possess antioxidant properties to overcome oxidative stress.