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The purpose of this article is to study types of parental attitude towards children as a way to achieve adaptive family relationships. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. A pilot research was used as the empirical method. The results of the research. Children of parents with a controlling type of upbringing were obedient, suggestible, fearful, not too persistent in achieving their own goals, non-aggressive. With a mixed style of upbringing children are characterized by suggestibility, obedience, emotional sensitivity, non-aggres­siveness, lack of curiosity, originality of thinking and poor imagination. So, we distinguished three types of parental attitudes that are pathogenic for the emo­tional development of the child: 1. Emotional rejection is the indifferent attitude towards the child, it shows the parents’ unwillingness to satisfy the child’s physi­cal and mental needs, a desire to spend more time without him/her. This also includes cruel treatment, when, along with indifference, parents inflict physical injuries on the child. The reasons are financial difficulties, marital conflicts and mental infantilism of the child. 2. Overprotection is often such style of treatment of the child, which covers up an unconscious rejection of him/her. A feeling of guilt, in the connection with this rejection, often is arisen in parents’ psyche whose child is often and seriously ill. 3. Treatment of the child by a double bind type. The child is completely (and emotionally) dependent on the parents. Conclusions. The classification of parental attitudes towards children suf­fering from neuroses, neurosis-like conditions, psychopathies and character accentuationswas proposed: 1. Indulgent hyperprotection: the child is the cen­ter of attention of the family, and the family strives to satisfy his/her needs as fully as it is possible. 2. Dominant hyperprotection: the child is the center of attention of the parents, who spend a lot of time and energy to him/her, while depriving him/her of independence, setting numerous restrictions and prohibi­tions. 3. Emotional rejection: ignoring the child’s needs, often cruelty to him/her. 4. Increased moral responsibility is in education, increased moral demands are combined with inattention and lack of care on the part of the parents. 5. Cruel treatment includes parents do not strive to satisfy the needs of the child, but at the same time practice cruel punishments for the slightest offenses. 6. Neglect: the child is left to his/her own devices, the parents are not interested in his/her personality and do not control him/her. Lack of care and control are perceived by us as hypoprotection.

The purpose of this article is to show psychological features of post-trau­matic stress disorder of combatants. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The experimental method was the method of or­ganizing empirical research. The results of the research. The following methods were shown to be widely used by psychologists and rehabilitation specialists of military units and unit commanders in the practice of psychological rehabilitation of combatants who had received combat mental trauma: autogenic techniques (performance of mental self-regulation techniques, self-training, meditation, etc.); physiologi­cal methods (deep sleep, rest, quality food, drinking a lot of water, shower, field bath); organizational means (establishing a clear regime of work and rest, in­volvement of servicemen into active combat training, service, preservation of military uniform); medication means (sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, nootropics, psychostimulants, phytotherapy, vitamin therapy, etc.); psychotherapeutic techniques and methods (individual and group rational psychotherapy, music, library, art, nature therapy, etc.). Conclusions. We proved that the situation of hostilities, which take place in the east of Ukraine, leads to pronounced changes in the functional state of mental activity, which is characterized by the development of extremely strong negative emotions, such as anxiety, fear, severe mental and physical fatigue. The rapid transition to a peaceful reality often does not allow combatants to adequately respond to certain circumstances from the perspective of the sur­rounding reality. Post-traumatic stress disorder, becoming chronic, affects al­most every aspect of a combatant’s life, including work, activity, interpersonal relationships, physical health and self-esteem.

Introduction. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a bone metabolic disease that develops as a result of glucocorticoid (GC) use, is one of the most frequent causes of secondary osteoporosis, leads to an increase in the risk of low-energy fractures, disability and mortality of GC users. Despite the few stu­dies conducted in Ukraine on the epidemiology and treatment of GIOP, there have been no national recommendations for its ma­nagement until now, which has become the background for their creation. The purpose was to develop national guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP based on the analytical analysis of modern literary sources to improve the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine, improve management, and reduce the socio-economic burden of the disease. Materials and ­methods. A group of 18 experts, leading Ukrainian scientists in various fields, was created to develop the guideline. An analysis of current literary sources on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GIOP, and monitoring of the effectiveness and safety of its treatment was carried out. Evidence was synthesized ­using the GRADE system, and a critical assessment of the quality of the recommendations was carried out using the AGREE II tool. ­Results. The guideline consists of 12 provisions on screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP. The authors emphasized the need to increase the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine regarding the problem, as well as patients regarding the possible side effects of GC. They presented the features of the clinical assessment of the osteoporotic fracture risk in GC users, as well as modern and available in Ukraine methods of diagnosis and treatment of GIOP. Conclusion. The first Ukrainian guideline for screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP is an important national tool for its management, which is recommended by the Board of the Ukrainian Association of Osteoporosis for use in practical health care by doctors of various specialties.

The article emphasises that for the actors of the security and defence sector, solving various communication situations is a constant and important task which can become difficult to perform if the social intelligence abilities are not sufficiently developed. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social intelligence abilities of higher education students of higher education institutions of the security and defence sector, who study in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”, was carried out. It is emphasized that the specificity of the social situation of the study participants' intellectual abilities development is due to certain features: lockdowns and quarantines of 2020–2021 with the vast majority of distance education, which were caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus infection; martial law, which has been in force since February 2022. The senior students of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs and the Military Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University took part in the study. The empirical data were obtained using J. Guilford’s psychodiagnostic methodology for studying social intelligence. It has been found that the general level of social intelligence of most of the surveyed cadets corresponded to the average level. It has been shown that the general level of social intelligence of the cadets studying “Psychology” was higher than that of the cadets studying “Law”. It has been revealed that the differences in the level of social intelligence of the surveyed groups of cadets were due to a statistically significantly higher level of development of the ability to predict the consequences of the behaviour of others in typical conditions among cadets studying “Psychology” and a more developed ability to understand the logic of interaction situations and the significance of people's behaviour in these situations. It has been established that the most developed ability of social intelligence of the study participants studying in the speciality “Law” was the ability to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of a person depending on the context of the situation that caused them. It has been argued that the specific social conditions of personality formation of higher education students in recent years have not significantly affected the level of development of their social intelligence abilities. The main directions of development of social intelligence abilities of cadets studying in different specialities are presented.

У статті зроблено спробу визначити систему кримінальних правопорушень, що пов’язані з перетинанням державного кордону України незаконним способом та / або зі злочинною метою. Доведено, що кримінальні правопорушення, передбачені статтями 332, 332-1, 332-2, 333, 334 розділу XIV Особливої частини Кримінального кодексу України, посягають не просто на недоторканність державних кордонів України, а на прикордонну безпеку, яка є складовою національної безпеки України. Встановлено, в чому полягає відмінність між перетинанням державного кордону України, переміщенням товарів через державний кордон України та переправленням осіб через державний кордон України. На підставі такого порівняння визначено, що перетинання державного кордону України незаконним способом та/або зі злочинною метою характеризується фізичним переміщенням особи через державний кордон України без мети переміщення певного товару чи іншого предмету. Окрім того, на відміну від незаконного переправлення осіб через державний кордон України, перетинанню цього кордону в незаконний спосіб та/або зі злочинною метою властиве безпосереднє фізичне переміщення особи через державний кордон України, яке саме по собі є кримінально караним, якщо здійснюється в незаконний спосіб та/або зі злочинною метою, тоді як незаконне переправлення через державний кордон України характеризується такою властивістю, як опосередкованість, що має першорядне значення для кримінально-правового забезпечення прикордонної безпеки України. До системи кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних з перетинанням державного кордону України незаконним способом та/або зі злочинною метою, слід відносити фінансування тероризму у формі надання, збору чи зберігання будь-яких активів прямо чи опосередковано з метою їх використання або усвідомленням можливості того, що їх буде використано повністю або частково для будь-яких цілей окремим терористом чи терористичною групою (організацією) для перетинання державного кордону України з терористичною метою (ст. 258-5), перетинання державного кордону України з терористичною метою (для здійснення діяльності, яка відповідно до закону є терористичною) (ст. 258-6), незаконне перетинання державного кордону України (ст. 332-2), порушення правил міжнародних польотів (ст. 334) Кримінального кодексу України.

The work deals with the study of secondary-phase precipitation in binary and ternary zirconium-based alloys with extra-small content of doping within the framework of the phase-field approach. Developed phase-field model is applied to study β-phase precipitation in the model system of commercial Zr–Nb–Sn and Zr–Nb alloys at thermal treatment. An analysis of local rearrangement of doping and equilibrium vacancies during precipitation is provided. Kinetics of precipitation, size and distribution of the precipitates, concentration of the species in precipitates and matrix are studied. Mechanical response including the plastic deformations in precipitated solid is discussed. As shown, the yield-strength change increases during precipitation. Yield and ultimate strength are studied at different shear rates for the annealed alloy. Formation and growth of slip planes and dislocation loop–precipitate interaction governed by elastic-moduli difference is analysed. As shown, the emergence of dislocation loops around precipitates follows the Orowan’s mechanism. Modelling the radiation-induced precipitation during neutron irradiation of zirconium alloys with low content of doping is performed within the framework of the developed phase-field model by taking into account ballistic mixing and the dynamics of point defects with their sinks. As shown, in a sample initially containing precipitates of the secondary phase, irradiation results in the dissolution of precipitates at small doses and reprecipitation with dose accumulation. Analysis of precipitation dynamics and statistical distributions of precipitates with local rearrangement of non-equilibrium vacancies around precipitates at neutron irradiation is provided. As shown, the competition between the ballistic mixing and the thermodynamic force plays a major role in kinetics of radiation-induced precipitation and precipitates’ dissolution. The estimation of mechanical properties of Zr–Nb alloy during irradiation under reactor conditions is provided.

The article highlights the cognitive and linguistic aspects of Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion, focusing on the process of interference of words of foreign origin. Particular attention is paid to lexemes and their reinterpretation through cognitive patterns, such as availability heuristics, negative thinking, the accessibility cascade, the friend-foe pattern, the effect of contrast and stereotypical expectations. The study reveals a variety of stylistic means of comism that are caused by the interference of words of foreign origin in humorous Ukrainian discourse. The main techniques are irony, allusion, comic innuendo, parallelism, paradox, hyperbole, baphos, gradation, metaphor, and rhetorical figures. These stylistic elements of humor play an important role in creating a comic effect and shaping a humorous statement in wartime. The determined communicative functions of Ukrainian humor fragments relate to maintaining an optimistic moral state, promoting the unanimity of the Ukrainian people in the difficult circumstances of the war, creating a negative image of the enemy, and relieving psychological stress that occurs in people during hostilities, air raids, and shelling. The sample has three American tokens, three English tokens, two German tokens, and one Turkish token, which is duplicated in two jokes. All of them are reinterpreted and receive additional meanings and connotations. Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine is based on topics relevant to the country: political, military, cultural-historical, and social. The systematized use of borrowed words in modern jokes can be seen, and it concerns the current realities of Ukrainians. Humor itself is built on situational circumstances, military aspects, and their consequences for society. The interference of foreign-language lexemes leads to the acquisition of specific words and phrases with new and ambiguous lexical and semantic meanings. Most of the sample, which refers to the military aid of Western countries, interprets the borrowed words in a positive sense; the other part, which concerns Russian realities, gives the constructions negative comic and ironic-humorous meanings.

The article researches the functioning and implementing such a discipline as ‘Creative editing in publishing’ in bachelor’s and master’s programs of the USA, Great Britain, and Ukraine. The theory of creative editing in publishing goes beyond normative editing and proofreading. In spite of the lack of clear parameters, creative editing is taught at several universities in English-speaking countries, namely at the University of California, San Diego, and at the Institute of Continuing Education at the University of Cambridge, and has a number of features that characterize the theory of creative editing as a whole. Given that a discipline with this title has not yet been implemented in Ukrainian higher educational institutions, where journalism and publishing are studied, there is a need to examine ‘creative editing of literary and journalistic works’ and identify its characteristic features. In the English-speaking environment, creative editing, unlike normative editing, emphasizes the cooperation of an editor and an author for the sake of a better vision of all elements of the work: plot, images, characters, symbols, dialogues, chronotope, narrative, implicit meanings, etc. The editor can offer not only the improvement and proofreading of the form but also significant changes to the content of the work itself, including the additional use of some literary techniques, stylistic figures, or, on the contrary, their removal. Through the involvement of social networks, an editor can analyze the expectations of the audience and all feedback from the readers and advise an author to make additional changes in the following editions and sequels. At the same time, creative editing of literary works covers three components: development editing, linear editing, and literary editing.

The aim of this study was to study the effect of metformin (Met) on the formation of the conditional passive avoidance skills, markers of neurogenesis and oxidative stress in the brain of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the setting of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 – intact animals (n=8), 2 – T2DM (n=9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n=7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n=7). The passive avoidance test was used to evaluate behavioural activity. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and lactate were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination was performed using general histological staining techniques and immunohistochemical methods for assessment of expression of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), neural cadherine (N-cadherine) and vascular endothelial cadherine (VE-cadherine). In this study, metformin had nootropic (anti-amnestic) activity and decreased oxidative stress markers (AGEs, AOPPs and 8-OHdG) levels by 29.1% (p

This study investigates the processes and means of requirements engineering (RE) of software and complex information systems (SWS). The subject of this study is the instrumental means of SWS RE based on the methods of artificial (computational) intelligence (AI). The goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CCD requirements development processes using AI tools by providing better communications between business teams and technical teams and automating complex requirements collection and documentation processes. The tasks are as follows: to analyze the principles and means of integrating AI tools into requirements engineering processes, the development and verification of which is a critical stage in the development of SWS; to determine the problems of using traditional SWS RE methods and perform their comparative analysis with AI-based methods; and to develop a chatbot architecture for requirements validation and identify characteristics of RE processes that are improved through its use. The results. The results of this study demonstrate that AI tools can significantly improve the accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency of requirements development processes and project team communication. An architecture and software solution for an intelligent chatbot for requirements validation is proposed, and the benefits and limitations of its application are discussed. Directions for further development and research regarding the end-to-end implementation of AI tools in IP processes have been developed.

The purpose of this article is to introduce Psychosemantics of Types of Military Stress of Combatants: we mean Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress and Acute situational stress of combatants with Post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. The results of the research. We proved, that combatants with Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress also observed variability in the occurrence and development of a painful emotional state, but, as a rule, at the first stage there was an accumulation of emotional tension, which, due to the interaction of certain personal characteristics and situational influences, did not find a response. We understood, that the main disorders of the servicemen’s mental activity are related to the experience that traumatizes the psyche and which is caused by military conditions, but their degree largely depends on the totality of the reaction to this factor of the entire unit. The collective reaction has a strong influence on the discipline and organization of military units. Conclusions. Therefore, it should be noted that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders occur in a case of combatants as a delayed or protracted reaction to a Psycho-Traumatic Stress Event or a situation of an exclusively threatening or deadly nature (combat operations, watching the violent death of others, the role of a victim of torture, being in captivity, etc.). In its essence, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an appropriate reaction of a mind and a body to a powerful emotional stimuli of a stressful situation that occurred.

The purpose of this article is to study psychological characteristics and parents-children interpersonal relationships in the family with a child with intellectual disabilities. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The empirical method is a pilot research. The results of the research. Such personal characteristics, as aggression, infantilism, shyness (the result of disrupted relationships between a child and his/her parents) can be attributed to three levels of parent-child interpersonal relationships: Level I – the relationships between parents and a child are characterized as passive-defensive ones, children are in a state of hidden conflict, there is no possibility of establishing emotional intimacy; Level II – there is adaptive atmosphere of emotional incontinence in the family. Children adopt this style and treat their parents in a “mirror” way – it is active-defensive style. Children are confident that their requests and desires will not be satisfied. Accusations are responded to them with aggression. They do not know how to restrain emotional reactions; their behavior is dominated by excitability, conflicts and aggressiveness; Level III – there are the same family characteristics as in the second level, but children are noted to have a weak nervous system. As a result, in response to sharp influences from the side of their parents, physiological disorders arise such reactions, as tic, enuresis, stuttering. Typically, such a child is characterized by obedience, but the possibility of outbursts of aggression towards peers cannot be ruled out. Conclusions. We showed, that the extreme variant of violations of the relationships between parents and children was “maternal deprivation”. This condition is characterized by severe psychological discomfort of the child, occurs in conditions of constant absence of the mother or severe rejection from the side of her attitude to a child. Both in theoretical and experimental studies which deal with the influence of the family situation on the formation of behavioral tendencies and personality traits of children, play the enormous role of the mother. So, in the situation of the absence of the mother or in the situation where the child saw her extremely rarely, the child felt emotional discomfort, cried more often, was stubborn and aggressive.

Предметом дослідження в статті є система комунікаційних мереж БпЛА (літальних мереж, ЛМ), що використовують технологію LiFi для передачі інформації від джерела до приймача в умовах фізичних перешкод і кіберзагроз, а також стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності (СРЗН) ЛМ. Мета роботи – розроблення критеріїв і алгоритмів вибору СРЗН ЛМ, що забезпечують необхідний рівень надійності та ефективності за умови заданих обмежень. У статті розв’язуються конкретні завдання: систематизація стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності літальної мережі; формулювання принципів і розроблення алгоритму вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; надання рекомендацій щодо вибору оптимальних стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності літальної мережі. Упроваджено такі методи: системний аналіз для вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності; теорія надійності та ефективності системи. Досягнуті результати: розширено класифікатор стратегій розгортання ЛМ завдяки додатковим ознакам ремонту й обслуговування, а також наявності кібератак; сформульовано критерії вибору стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; розроблено алгоритм вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; проаналізовано та наведено приклад застосування розроблених алгоритмів для ілюстрації покрокової процедури вибору стратегії, що супроводжується розрахунками показників надійності. Висновки: запропоновані множини, критерії та алгоритм вибору стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності комунікаційних мереж БпЛА дають змогу обґрунтувати сукупність параметрів і спланувати реалізацію оптимальної (за визначеним критерієм) політики впровадження автоматичної системи підтримки комунікацій на об’єктах критичної інфраструктури в умовах руйнувань та кібервпливів, а також підвищити ефективність (мінімізувати вартість) застосування літальних мереж.

To 90 anniversary selebration of Professor Michael Ystrebenetsky

In the condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the brain develops a series of complex metabolic changes, including protein carbonylation, enhanced lipid peroxidation, impaired neurotransmitter release, and imbalanced energy supply, that are associated with the development of different functional disorders so the search for preventive medications in this pathology is very important. Edaravone is considered a supplementary drug in the treatment of different functional disorders of the central nervous system, but the mechanisms of its protective action remain under question. Aim. This comparative research aimed to study the effects of edaravone on the biomarkers of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) in rats with traumatic brain injury. TBI was caused by mechanical damage with a metal weight (450 g) falling from a height of 170 cm. Methods. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls (PC370/PC430) were studied using spectrophotometry in serum and fraction S1 in brain cortex and hippocampus of experimental animals. Edaravone supplementation may provide significant protection against brain hemorrhagic complications by reducing COS and oxidative modification of proteins. Resylts. In our study, edaravone demonstrated moderate efficacy in reducing serum PC430 and AOPP levels, indicating its ability to attenuate TBI-induced oxidative damage. In addition to its systemic effects, edaravone exerted targeted effects on COS-modified proteins in the hippocampus, even though such biomarkers were not altered significantly by TBI alone. Concluson. Further research is necessary to elucidate the primary mechanisms of action of this drug based on the data obtained.

The shelf life of fermented dairy products is only 3-5 days and is extended by the addition of preservatives to the production process, but the biological value of the kefir beverage is reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using hop extract in the biotechnology of fermented milk beverage. Three samples of kefir beverage were produced: control (K) – using traditional technology based on dry starter “Kefir VIVO”; experimental (D1) – with the above type of starter in the amount of 0.05% by weight of milk and hop extract in the amount of 5% by weight of milk. The experimental sample (D2) was fermented using hop extract (10% by weight of milk). It was found that when using only hop extract for fermentation of the prototype kefir beverage, the duration of the technological process of its production is the same as when using dry starter and does not exceed 7-8 hours. The number of beneficial viable lactic acid microorganisms (Lactococcus lactis ssp.) in the fermented milk beverage made based on hop extract was 1.0∙107 CFU/cm3 . These microorganisms have probiotic properties, which makes it possible to classify beverages enriched with hop extract as functional foods. In the experimental samples made using hop extract, yeast colonies were found in the amount of 3∙107 and 8∙107 CFU/cm3 , respectively. During the experimental storage period, the pH of all product samples was (4.71-4.46). Therewith, the acidity of the sample (D2) increased more slowly. Its organoleptic characteristics were improving. The shelf life has been extended to 10-15 days. The results of the study showed that milk can be fermented with hop extract, resulting in a new functional type of kefir beverage with high organoleptic characteristics, viability of beneficial microflora (lactic acid bacteria and yeast) and extended shelf life

The subject of this study is unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless networks in an obstacle-ridden environment. The aim of this study is to develop methods and software to ensure reliable LiFi communication using swarm UAVs in an obstacle-ridden environment. The objectives are as follows: 1) to describe the problem of providing a reliable UAV swarm-based LiFi network, requirements for the composition and use of UAVs, and assumptions; 2) to develop the methodology for solving research tasks; 3) to develop the method and algorithms for solving the problem, considering the requirements, assumptions, and practical limitations; 4) to explore the algorithms by developing software for modeling and searching for rational UAV placement to ensure the required UAV-based LiFi network characteristics; 5) to provide experiments and illustrative examples of the developed tool’s application. The following results were obtained. 1) The requirements for the composition and use of UAVs for creating LiFi networks, as well as assumptions and limitations for the methodology development and research task solving. 2) An obstacle avoidance method using the left and right angles algorithm. 3) A method for obstacle avoidance using the controlled waterfall algorithm. 4) A software tool for modeling and searching for rational UAV placement to ensure the required LiFi network characteristics. The tool allows route construction under obstacles in 2D space and a comparison of the developed algorithms for various variants of obstacle placement. Conclusions. The main contribution of this research is a set of methods, algorithms, and software tools for providing communications between two points using LiFi technologies and a swarm of UAVs supporting these communications as transmitters in conditions of mechanical obstacles.

Underground pipelines during operation are affected by mechanical and corrosive factors. The susceptibility of cathodically protected pipe to hydrogen degradation increases, which contributes to stress-corrosion cracking. It is believed that the main factor in pipeline steels degradation is deformation aging, which increases strength and reduces plasticity. Volume microdamages also develop in long-time exploited steels. But in many cases, the base metal and welded joints of long-term operated pipelines retain satisfactory performance. Due to the high value of viscosity and plasticity of the metal in an as-received state, the metal state of long-term operated gas pipelines can be considered satisfactory.

The object of this study is a programmable logic controller (safety PLC), which is part of an information and control system designed for safe management of important technological processes. The subject of this study is the substantiation of the legality of reusing the results obtained during the development of the safety PLC in accordance with the requirements of functional safety to assess the level of its cyber security. The purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of "cross" evaluation of the safety characteristics of the safety PLC, namely, the possibility of evaluating the level of cyber security of the programmable logic controller based on known data regarding its level of functional safety, in order to optimize the use of available resources in the project. The study tasks are following: to provide a theoretical basis for the relationship between safety PLC characteristics such as functional safety and cybersecurity. Determine the metrics by which it will be possible to assess the degree of reuse of existing results. Perform an analysis of potential cyberattacks depending on the architecture of the information and control system, which performs security functions, as well as on the possible modes of its use. Determine and evaluate the degree of "cross" influence of critical characteristics of the research object. To perform a calculation analysis of the potential financial and time gain from the reuse of already known results for the minimum configuration of the safety PLC. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the relevance of the question of assessing the cybersecurity of a programmable logic controller based on the use of existing data, regarding its level of functional security (SIL). The proposed approach provides opportunities to significantly optimize the use of resources in safety PLC certification projects. However, the main methodological conclusion is that the well-known principle of Security Informed Safety can be developed and used in practice in the opposite direction, as Security supported/assessed by Safety. That is, to the principle of "assessment of functional safety taking into account/on information (cyber) security" the principle of "assessment of information (cyber) security with the support of/taking into account the results of the assessment of functional security" is added.

Introduction. One of the main factors affecting postoperative outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is the cardiopulmonary status. Several studies have reported that preoperative multifactorial rehabilitation and physical fitness can lead to reduced postoperative morbidity, mortality, shorter length of stay, and improved quality of life in cancer patients. The issue of adaptability to physical activity of overweight and obese patients who undergoing debulking surgery is insufficiently studied. The study of compensatory changes that occur in physically inactive obese patients remains relevant, especially against the background of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the conditions of preoperative preparation with ERAS-recommended physical activity. The aim of the study is to determine the differences between women with advanced ovarian cancer and obesity compared to women with normal weight in terms of heart rate variability during exercise. To assess the adaptive capabilities to physical activity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer and obesity at the stage of preoperative preparation, who undergoing debulking surgery. Result. Achieved METs, peak HR, CI, and HR recovery were higher in nonobese women, whereas training had no significant effect in obese women. Women who had already received neoadjuvant CT achieved a lower level of MET (6.8 ± 3.2 vs. 8.9 ± 4.1; P < 0.001). Also, peak HR and CI were lower in women after neoadjuvant CT (126±27 vs. 138±20; P = 0.001 and 0.65±0.22 vs. 0.71±0.22; P = 0.001, respectively). BMI was a significant predictor of exercise capacity only in the obese subgroup, whereas age, peak HR, and prior adjuvant HT were always significantly associated with METs achieved. Conclusions. No significant difference was found between trained and untrained women with comorbid obesity in HR behavior or physical capacity. Different heart rate behavior in patients of this group is thus explained by obesity as such, regardless of the degree of physical training.

The subject of this study is a method for analyzing threats and vulnerabilities and selecting countermeasures to ensure cybersecurity in augmented reality (AR) applications. The goal of this study is to increase the completeness of cybersecurity assessment of AR applications by using a formalized procedure for identifying and analyzing the risks of common threats, vulnerabilities, and types of attacks. This study is based on the well-known IMESA method (analysis of types, consequences and criticality of interventions), which structures the procedure for analyzing and minimizing risks by introducing appropriate countermeasures to ensure acceptable cybersecurity risks. Objectives: to substantiate the set of major cybersecurity threats specific to AR applications; to identify and describe download vulnerabilities in AR systems; to provide a detailed classification of various cyberattacks aimed at AR platforms, considering the results of a study of recent incidents; to use the IMECA method to describe and analyze cybersecurity issues in a structured manner and to propose reliable countermeasures. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained: 1) a classification of threats with a detailed description of how each of them can affect AR applications, namely threats such as software interference, unauthorized access, and malicious hardware embedding; 2) a critical analysis of weaknesses in AR systems, in particular, insecure data storage and insufficient authentication before using sensors, which provides an understanding of possible attack vectors; 3) a detailed description of various attack methodologies, including AR phishing, AR malware, and man-in-the-middle attacks, each illustrated with real-world examples or hypothetical scenarios. A systematic approach using the IMECA framework was used to identify, assess, and ensure the cybersecurity of AR applications using a set of proposed countermeasures. Conclusions. AR technology, despite its revolutionary nature and great potential, poses a unique set of cybersecurity challenges. These challenges are related to the immersive nature of the technology, dependence on real-time data, and integration with the physical world. The study emphasizes that an understanding of the threat landscape, combined with an IMESA-structured approach to risk management, is crucial for the secure development of AR applications. Developers, users, and managers responsible for security policies need to be proactive, innovative, and aligned in their approach to cybersecurity in AR systems.

The scientific work considers citizen journalism as a modern phenomenon of the multimedia space of Ukraine, modern trends in the development of citizen journalism during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study highlights the main features of this type of journalism, which is actively developing in social networks and other Internet platforms. The main ones include speed and mobility, ease of publication and submission of material, large audience coverage, immediate feedback and the possibility of live communication, crowdsourcing and diversity of viewpoints, activism and promotion. The object of the research is the modern Ukrainian media discourse during the war. Ukrainian news reports and analytics created by public journalists during the Russian-Ukrainian war served as material for the analysis. During the Russian-Ukrainian war, a citizen journalist becomes available to the general public of Ukraine, both amateur and professional. The blog has become a tool for the development and unstoppable growth of the influence of citizen journalism on the formation of public opinion, by providing information from the first sources, efficiency and mobility, ease of submitting material and its perception, a large audience of coverage and interactivity, crowdsourcing and diversity of points of view. The appearance of video materials and text messages of leading bloggers of Ukraine in the columns of world publications and in the TV programs of leading companies in the world indicates the rapid growth and strengthening of trust in this type of journalism. We see the prospects for further research in the analysis of new trends in the development of citizen journalism, the emergence of new features and even genres, convergence of formats of traditional mass media and social platform blogs.

Problem definition. The uncertainty of the consequences of situations related to stressful situations for the child's psyche actualizes the issue of introducing new approaches, methods and tools of psychological influence that would contribute to the preschooler's ability to overcome stress in a constructive way. Problem analysis. Childhood psychological trauma leaves its mark on the subconscious, can shape a person's worldview, beliefs, and identification of the self. And since trauma affects the levels of primary safety, it creates very powerful patterns in the mind. Signs of childhood trauma include mood swings, guilt, anxiety, feelings of abandonment, confusion and impaired concentration, and withdrawal. The conceptualization of traumatic experience is widely presented in scientific literature: theories of traumatic emotional experience (O.S. Kocharyan, R. Lanius, M. Massey, R. Hammer), conceptual foundations of the subverbal model of client-centered psychotherapy (O.S. Kocharyan), theories and typologies of infantile traumas (Johnson St. M., Burbo L., etc.), theoretical positions of procedural-experiential and emotionally-focused psychotherapy (Greenberg L. and Elliott R.), psychoanalytic theory according to Freud Z., ideas about the formation of early maladaptive schemes (Boterhoven de H., Christopher W., Fassbinder E., Hayes C., Katrina L., Yong J.) and others. However, solving many complex problems remains relevant, one of which includes psychological assistance to the most vulnerable population groups in extreme situations, one of which includes children and work with current traumatic experiences. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a multifunctional tool for working with childhood trauma in conditions of long-term traumatic circumstances. Conclusions. The stories about Hibuki, through which the child identified with the hero of the story, contribute to the restoration of internal mechanisms of the psyche, which help the process of restoring the child's psychological health. A psychologist can use these stories both to rehabilitate a child's psyche and to diagnose his or her emotional state.

The subject of this study is to ensure the cybersecurity of systems of multifunctional UAV fleets (SMF UAV). The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the risks associated with the cybersecurity of multi-functional UAV fleets, develop models of threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks, and conduct IMECA analysis of cyber-attacks. Tasks: 1) analyze threats that may affect the security of multifunctional UAV fleets; 2) identify system vulnerabilities and their possible consequences in case of exploitation; 3) develop models of the system infrastructure and threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks, considering the specifics of the functionality and communication between system elements; 4) perform a risk-based analysis, identifying and classifying potential threats and their impact. The following results were obtained. The following results were obtained. 1. Cybersecurity threats to multifunctional UAV fleets are described and classified. 2. Identified and analyzed system vulnerabilities and their potential consequences. 3. Developed models of threats, vulnerabilities, and cyberattacks, considering the specifics of the UAV fleet. 4. Conducted a risk-based analysis, determined the level of threat, and developed recommendations for improving the cybersecurity of the UAV fleet based on the results of the IMECA analysis. Conclusions. The research emphasizes the importance of the developed model and tool for the detection and analysis of cyber threats to the SMF UAV. This allows increasing the cybersecurity and reliability of the system and ensuring timely response to cyber threats. Areas for further research: development of a model and method to consider the specifics of cyber threats and the technological characteristics of the SMF infrastructure; development and implementation of proactive protection tools in the context of combined cyber-attacks; and expansion of the scope of these tools in various industries, including smart cities.

The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of Psychologicallysomatic stress, to describe types of military stress, to show the principles of use the method of Positive Psychotherapy for psychological rehabilitation of combatants with mental disorders. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. We also used the method of Positive Psychotherapy. The results of the research. According to combatants we distinguish the following types of stress: Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress. It is determined by a constant (or prolonged) serious load on a person and causes increased neuropsychological and physiological tension of the body. Acute situational stress is caused by a certain event or phenomenon, as a result of which a person loses his/her mental balance. Constant physiological stress is associated with physical overloads of the body and the influence of various harmful environmental factors on it (uncomfortable temperature, high noise level, etc.). Psychological stress is a consequence of: violation of the psychological stability of the person (for example, affected self-esteem, negative reasons of war, etc.); psychological overload of the person (increased responsibility, large amount of war destroyed activity, etc.). The subtype of Psychological stress is the Emotional stress, that occurs when there is a threat, danger or fear. Informative stress is determined by information overload or information vacuum. Conclusions. The solution of the problem by using the method of Positive Psychotherapy has to be in such a way, that torments, the patient must always go through five main stages: 1. Looking at the situation from a distance. 2. Careful study of each individual detail, without exception, all the nuances. 3. Situational agreements. 4. Verbalization. In Psychology, this is the formalization of feelings and emotions into verbal-logical forms. In simple words, this is a description of how a person feels when he/she is thinking about a problem. 5. Expanding boundaries, setting new goals and drawing up a plan of the action. The main goal of each session is to free a person from the burden with which he/she came. And you need to do it right now, at the current moment in time. Interestingly, according to this scheme, specialists in Positive Psychology build communication with absolutely all their clients, regardless of their problem.

Background. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. High-risk PE patients have more severe course of disease and poor prognosis. The question of additional factors which may be associated with prognosis in such patients remains poorly understood. The aim is to identify factors associated with mortality in high-risk PE patients and to determine contribution of these factors to the risk stratification of death. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 635 medical cards of patients with PE diagnosis hospitalized in Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital 8 from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2023 was conducted. The diagnosis was verified by multispiral computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and/or by autopsy. Patients were divided into groups: group І — high-risk (113 — 17.8 %); group II — low-risk (522 — 82.2 %). Group I was divided into subgroups: IA — 63 (55.8 %) individuals, who were discharged from the hospital with improved status, IB — 50 (44.2 %) people, who died in hospital. Clinical, anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental parameters were measured. Statistical analysis was performed. Results. Patients from group I were older, there were more women among them. In subgroup ІВ, there are more women, more cases of obesity and deep vein thrombosis. Patients from group IB had lower blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by echocardiography. Bilateral segmental pulmonary embolism according to CTPA was more common in IB group. According to uni- and multivariate analysis, independent factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with high-risk PE were determined, among them: female gender, presence of bifurcation thrombus, lower SBP, SpO2, LVEF. Using the additional regression analysis, the formula for individual prediction of the risk of in-hospital mortality in high-risk PE patients was created. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity of the formula is 64.0 %, specificity is 92.1 %. The SBAFS (S — SpO2, B — Bifurcation thrombus, A — Arterial hypotension, F — left ventricular ejection Fraction, S — female Sex) score was formed, where the score of 2 or more indicates additional high risk of in-hospital mortality in high-risk PE patients. Conclusion. The high-risk PE patients who died during hospitalization had more cases of obesity, hypertension, lower SpO2, SBP, and LVEF, and there were more women among them. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, additional independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality in high-risk PE patients are female sex, thrombus in bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, SpO2, SBP, LVEF. The formula for risk stratification of in-hospital death in high-risk PE patients was created and validated. The SBAFS score was formed to indicate additional high risk of in-hospital mortality in high-risk PE patients.

The importance of personal value orientations for determining the motives of behaviour has been demonstrated. The changes in the polystructural value orientations of the cadets from higher education institutions with specific study conditions for police training under the influence of quarantine measures and martial law have been studied. The study was carried out on the basis of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs. The methodology of polystructural value orientations of personality by S. Bubnov and the U-criterion of Mann-Whitney were used in the study. It has been demonstrated that cadets’ value orientations related to active interaction with society under the influence of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions have decreased in importance. The most important value orientations for the cadets were the following: “having good time, leisure”, “recognition and respect by people and influence on others”, “help and mercy to other people”. The least important for them were such value orientations as “search for beauty”, “social activity to achieve positive changes in society”, “discovering new things in the world, nature, and people”, and “communication”. The value orientation “health” took an insignificant place in the structure of values. It has been shown that such value orientations as “having good time, leisure”, “high-income”, “recognition and respect by people and influence on others” have become less important for cadets under martial law. The most resistant to the influences of the social situation of personality development among the surveyed cadets were such polystructural value orientations as “having good time, leisure”, “recognition and respect by people and influence on others”, and “love”. After being under martial law, certain personal value orientations of cadets have become less important than they were in the so-called pre-martial law period, namely: “having good time, leisure”; “high-income”, “recognition and respect by people and influence on others”, “search for beauty”.

Предметом дослідження є поглиблений семантичний аналіз даних, оснований на модифікації методологій латентного розподілу Діріхле (LDA) та інтеграції її двоспрямованого кодувального подання з трансформаторів (BERT). Актуальність роботи. Прихований розподіл Діріхле є фундаментальною технікою моделювання тем, яку широко застосовують у різноманітних програмах для аналізу текстів. Хоча його корисність загальновизнана, традиційні моделі LDA часто стикаються з обмеженнями, зокрема жорстким розподілом тем і неадекватним відтворенням нюансів семантики, властивих природній мові. Мета дослідження – покращення адекватності та точності семантичного аналізу завдяки вдосконаленню базового механізму LDA, що інтегрує адаптивні пріоритети Діріхле та використовує глибокі семантичні можливості вбудовувань BERT. Упроваджені методи: відбір текстових наборів даних; попереднє оброблення даних; удосконалення алгоритму LDA; інтеграція з BERT Embeddings; порівняльний аналіз. Завдання дослідження: 1) теоретичне обґрунтування модифікації LDA; 2) реалізація інтеграції з BERT; 3) оцінювання ефективності методу; 4) порівняльний аналіз; 5) розроблення архітектурного рішення. Результати полягають у тому, що насамперед окреслено теоретичні основи як стандартної, так і модифікованої моделей LDA, а також детально викладено їх розширену формулу. За допомогою серії експериментів на текстових наборах даних, що визначаються різними емоційними станами, визначено ключові переваги запропонованого підходу. На підставі порівняльного аналізу за такими показниками, як внутрішньо та міжкластерна відстані та силуетний коефіцієнт, доведено підвищену когерентність, інтерпретованість і адаптивність модифікованої моделі LDA. Запропоновано архітектурне рішення для реалізації методу. Висновки. Емпіричні результати свідчать про значне покращення виявлення тонких складностей і тематичних структур у текстовій інформації, що є кроком в еволюційному розвитку методологій тематичного моделювання. Крім того, результати досліджень не лише створюють можливості застосування LDA для більш складних лінгвістичних сценаріїв, але й окреслюють шляхи їх подальшого вдосконалення для неконтрольованого аналізу текстів.

To 70 anniversary selebration of Professor S. I. Dotsenko

BACKGROUND. Hormonal dependence of ovarian cancer remains a debatable issue in modern oncogynecology. Its decision will allow not only to clarify the pathogenesis of the development of ovarian cancer, its prognosis, but also to substantiate the indications for hormone therapy as a component of complex treatment. OBJECTIVE. To study the experience of domestic and foreign specialists regarding the pathogenetic rationale for prescribing hormone therapy to patients with ovarian cancer and its effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Generalization and analysis of scientific publications on the research topic. RESULTS. The article summarizes data on the pathogenetic rationale for the appointment of hormone therapy, as well as the effectiveness of antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of primary ovarian cancer and recurrences of the disease. CONCLUSIONS. To date, indications for the appointment and criteria for the use of hormone therapy in the complex treatment of ovarian cancer are not developed. The question of the reliability of the factors of the disease prognosis, taking into account the hormonal receptor status of ovarian cancer, remains open.

The article analyses the functioning of the war-time Ukrainian humorous discourse in media communication in general and the cognitive mechanisms of humor, including the ‘Availability Heuristic’ cognitive pattern in particular.’ The study aims to examine twelve Ukrainian war-time jokes and to reveal the main cognitive patterns and accompanying stylistic figures producing the comic effect. All jokes manifest the application of the ‘Availability heuristic’ cognitive pattern inherent to the war period when old pre-war realities are changed with new war-time realities and explained in a funny way. The study addresses some cognitive and pragmatic aspects of war-time Ukrainian humor, focusing on the role of cognitive patterns in selecting stylistic humor devices while processing the incoming information and shaping the cognitive frameworks of humor perception and creation. The paper reveals the main cognitive patterns, including the ‘Availability Heuristic,’ the ‘Distinct contrast,’ ‘Negativity Thinking,’ the ‘Superiority or Illusionary Superiority,’ the ‘Easel,’ and their humorous actualization through such stylistic figures as paraprosdokian, irony, bathos, double entendre, pun, metaphor and pastiche in its narrow meaning. The researched Ukrainian jokes are interwoven with the situational context of the dramatic events within the temporality of the speedy streaming news of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The paper explores the main pragmatic functions of Ukrainian war-time humorous discourse and makes additional remarks about a number of affirmations from some humor theories. The war-time Ukrainian humorous discourse is set against the background of the current cruel Russian-Ukrainian war realities. It differs from the pre-war Ukrainian humorous discourse stylistically, pragmatically, and cognitively.

The article aims to describe the technique of schematic visualization of the client's emotional sphere, which is developed for use in group psychotherapy and is aimed at increasing the level of the client's reflexivity by increasing the quality of the process of reflection in this sphere. For productive work with the client in most psychotherapeutic methods, especially the humanistic paradigm, one of the important factors is such a property of the client's personality as the possibility of the existence of the process of self-knowledge, i.e. the client's reflexivity, but it is not always developed to a level sufficient for psychotherapeutic work (in this case, "reflexivity” is used as a broader concept than “reflection”). To solve this issue, it is necessary to develop new techniques, which is proposed by the author of the work. The use of this technique contributes to increasing the ability to manifest one's own emotions and feelings and to the client's visual demonstration and awareness of the features of the structure of his emotional sphere and formations in it, which are characteristic of persons with traumatic emotional experience. For example: "gluing" of emotions of asthenic and sthenic circles; destructive connotation of positive emotions with negative ones; inability to feel "pure" emotion; the phenomenon of potentiation of negative emotionality; loss of resourcefulness of certain emotions, which are contaminated by other emotions; the existence of "through" emotions, which become core characteristics of the emotional sphere of the individual. During the application of the technique, the work is structured in such a way as to maximally involve the dynamics of the group, emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels to increase the quality of reflection of the emotional sphere and the client's reflexivity as a whole. The classification of reflexivity is used for the analytical part in the application of the technique (for example, the comparison of emotional manifestations characteristic of the client in retrospective, prospective and situational vectors), and the idea of "surreality" at the stage of transformation and modeling. In this work, 9 stages of technique application are provided in detail and the role and tasks of the psychotherapist, client and group members at each of them are described.

Epizootiological monitoring studies on parasitoses of domestic ruminants indicate that one of the most common causes of nematodes of the digestive tract in large and small cattle are helminths of the genus Trichuris. Those helminths develop directly – without intermediate hosts, and their embryonic stages became invasive in the environment under favorable conditions. The eggs of those parasites are incredibly resistant and can be infective for a long time contaminating environmental objects. So, to improve the parasitological situation in livestock farms, we have to look for the most effective methods of disinfestation of environmental objects. This study aimed to establish the ovicidal effect of the modern disinfectant “Arquadez-plus” on eggs of nematodes Trichuris skrjabini parasitizing sheep. This product's high level of ovicidal efficiency was seen in experimental cultures of nematodes' eggs at 1.5 % concentration and 60 min exposure (94.2 %) and 2.0 % concentration and 10–60 min exposure (98.3–100.0 %). The ovicidal effect of “Arquadez-plus” on eggs of T. skrjabini was seen as a cessation of development; shrinking embryo plugs destruction, the release of underdeveloped larvae from eggs, and their death. During the use of this disinfectant, the changes in morphometric data of Trichuris eggs in test cultures were noticeable. At the most effective disinfectant concentrations and exposures, the dimensions of eggs were changed significantly: length smaller by 3.8–3.9 % (71.9–72.0 μm) and width more significant by 5.0–5.2 % (34.9–35.0 μm) as compared to those parameters in control (74.8 and 33.2 μm). This is evidence of the violations in nematodes' egg development. The data obtained allow us to recommend the disinfectant of domestic production, “Arquadez-plus”, for effectively controlling and preventing trichurosis in sheep on livestock farms.

The purpose of this article is to present psychological study of the functional state of the patient. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The method of organizing an empirical research was used as an experimental method. The results of the research. The results show, that there are four primary clusters. They consist of one basic variable, with the help of which we identify them. These clusters characterize the current state of patients with ischemic stroke at the time of the start of rehabilitation measures. The interaction of “Factor of deviation from the autogenous norm, pathology of the somatic state” and “Factor of instability of health and well-being” make up the first and second primary clusters, which are dominant. “Anxiety Factor” and “The Factor of passivity, physical limitation of activity” form the third and the fourth primary clusters. Conclusions. Such interaction of the studied variables indicates the presence of psychological discomfort or a state of a physiological discomfort. It is a source of anxiety. In the first place, in order of significance, the restoration of lost motor functions appears in a case of such patients, when the patient feels only a certain anxiety from the view of his/her psycho-physiological state, without giving himself/herself an account of the reason for the presence of anxiety. The limits of psychological capabilities of patients are significantly narrowed – this is evidenced by the value of the interaction of the indicator “Factor of deviation from the autogenous norm, pathology of the somatic state” and “Anxiety Factor”. These indicators are quite low, although their rehabilitation potential is often high (forecast by a specialist neurologist). Such patients are not fully oriented to the process of physical rehabilitation, they have no or rather low motivation to engage in physical exercises. This should also be taken into account when planning and implementing rehabilitation measures, which we have done in the formative experiment.

The subject of this study is systems for detection and identification (D&I) of explosive ordnance (EO). The aim of this study is to develop a concept, general structure, and models of a robotic-biological system for D&I of EO (RBS-D&I). The objectives are as follows: 1) to classify mobile systems for D&I of EO and suggest a concept of RBS-D&I; 2) to develop the general structure of RBS-D&I consisting of robotic (flying and ground) and biological subsystems; 3) to develop models of RBS-D&I including automaton, hierarchical, and operational ones; 4) to describe tasks and planned results of the article-related scientific project; and 5) to discuss research results. The following results were obtained. 1) The general structure of the RBS-D&I. The structure comprises the following levels: control and processing centres (mobile ground control and processing centre (MGCPC) and virtual control and processing centre); forces for detection and identification (fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (FoU), biological detection information subsystem (BDIS), and robotic detection information subsystem (RDIS)); interference; natural covers and a bedding surface; and target objects (all munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials and biological and chemical agents). 2) A concept of RBS-D&I. The concept is based on RBS-D&I description, analysis, development, and operation as an integrated complex cyber-physical and cyber-biological system running in changing physical and information environments. 3) The RBS-D&I automata model. The model describes RBS-D&I operating in two modes. In mode 1, FoU and BDIS operate separately and interact through the MGCPC only. In mode 2, depending on the specifics of the tasks performed, FoU and RDIS can directly interact among themselves or through the MGCPC. 4) hierarchical model. The model has two sets of vertices: EO detection and platforms equipped with the necessary sensors. 5) An operational cycle model. The model describes land release operations via a methodology of functional modeling and graphic description of IDEF0 processes. Conclusions. The proposed concept and RBS-D&I solutions can provide high-performance and guaranteed EO detection in designated areas by the implementation of an intelligent platform and tools for planning the use of multifunctional fleets of UAVs and other RBS-D&I subsystems.

With the continuous development of science and technology, information technology has promoted the development of knowledge economy, advanced science and technology has become an important development in the era of knowledge economy. In this era, knowledge workers are at the core competitiveness, and knowledge compound talents have become the pivotal resources. In order to enhance the enterprise market competitiveness, daily work efficiency and technological innovation and development, one is bound to try to improve and innovate in the enterprise human resource management. The main aim of the article was to substantiate and prove the importance of personnel development management for the competitiveness of enterprises using the example of human resources in China. To achieve the goal, the following main tasks were formulated: in the personnel management system, the place of the personnel development management system is determined and its structure is formed; in accordance with the obtained structure, a conceptual model for managing the development of personnel of enterprises is elaborated, adapting the classification of types of training of personnel in working conditions, forming a system of professional development of personnel at the enterprise, clarifying the meaning of the concept of «personnel development management». The methodological basis of the study was the basis of dialectical logic, attributive and system approaches to the study of the processes of managing the development of personnel of enterprises.

Introduction. The application of non-price criteria in road sector public procurement procedure is an important step towards harmonizing European approaches to tendering. Although Ukrainian legislation allows the use of non-price criteria during the procurement process, it should be noted that the methodology for applying non-price criteria for the implementation of environmental protection measures is not yet sufficiently developed. Problem statement. One of the prerequisites for such criteria effective application in road sector public procurement procedure is methodology updating for evaluating tenders, taking into account European approaches to their evaluation. Purpose. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop non-price criteria for environmental measures implementation (or environmental friendliness of resources used) for public procurement in the field of road management.

Дана стаття присвячена визначенню та ана­лізу основних методів російської інформаційної пропаганди і дослідженню їх реального впливу на створення негативного іміджу України у між­народному співтоваристві. Аналіз зарубіжної преси показав, що західний інформаційний простір представляє собою суміш професійних досліджень, фальсифікацій, пропаганди, відкритого маніпулювання та примітивних тверджень. Важливо відзначити, що сьогодні іс­нує достатньо велика кількість закордонних ви­дань, які, підтримуючи путінський режим, все ще розглядають Україну і росію як нероздільний об'єкт і які практично завжди публікують нега­тивні матеріали про Україну та її народ. До та­ких джерел належать деякі інформаційні ресурси Сербії, Франції, Норвегії, Туреччини тощо. Більш об'єктивну та правдиву інформацію за­хідні оглядачі мають змогу отримувати від офі­ційних представників держави, дипломатів, від впливових світових видань, які надають якісну аналітику та експертні висновки. Через сайти ор­ганізацій, які надають аналітичні та статистичні матеріали. Також відомі блогери, відверто заяв­ляючи про свої політичні вподобання та підтрим­ку, можуть формувати думку частини людей. Серед основних інформаційних методів, що застосовуються росією в боротьбі проти Украї­ни, є маніпуляція історією та подіями сьогоден­ня, перекручування історичних фактів та подій сучасності, створення негативної ідентичності України в очах міжнародної громадськості, спе­куляція фактами, видуванням рейкових новин тощо. Загалом, поширення російської пропаганди щодо України має негативний вплив на сприй­няття її в світі. А це, в свою чергу, може ство­рювати суттєві перешкоди для збереження та підтримки суверенітету України, а також її між­народної інтеграції. Для боротьби з цим явищем важливо продовжувати зміцнювати міжнародну співпрацю у сфері інформаційної безпеки та від­крито висвітлювати факти та правдиву інформа­цію про Україну.

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the implementation of innovative strategies by Ukrainian farmers, to identify influencing factors, including the influence of global market factors on the effectiveness of the implementation of strategies, and to develop a mathematical approach to assessing the influence of uncertain factors. The methodological basis of the article is the methods and forms of scientific knowledge accepted in science, such as methods: of comparative and abstract-logical analysis, induction and deduction, abstraction, and mathematical formalization. A stratification of the factors of the negative impact of globalization, which slow down the implementation of the innovative strategy and create threats to the activity of agricultural enterprises, is carried out. It is indicated that the main directions of improvement of the innovation strategy should be assessment, consideration, and neutralization of the influence of globalization factors. It is also indicated that this leads to the heterogeneity of the implementation of the innovative management strategy of agricultural enterprises. Prospective directions for the implementation of innovative strategies in agricultural production are stratified. The stages of the implementation of the innovation strategy in the conditions of globalization and the tasks of management for the implementation of the innovation strategy in the global conditions are determined. Peculiarities of the implementation of innovative strategies in Ukraine are revealed. A mathematical model was developed to assess the influence of uncertain global factors, which will allow for reducing risks for the implementation of significant innovative strategies. It is indicated that significant innovative projects could lead to the transformation of agribusiness activities and the need for permanent implementation of innovative processes. It is indicated that thanks to the systemic innovation process, a synthesis of the resource and innovation model of enterprise development could be formed. Taking into account the specifics of innovative strategies and using the developed mathematical approach to assess the influence of uncertain global factors will allow reducing risks in the implementation of innovative strategies and improving their management.

The article solves practical scientific tasks, conducts research on the institutional support of the territorial organization of farms, and provides theoretical justifications based on the achievements of the currently existing science, a generalization of the current legislation and implementation practice. The paper provides the development of practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms and methods of providing high-quality administrative services by local self-government bodies. The modern domestic system of providing administrative services from the point of view of convenience for private individuals is characterized by many shortcomings of an objective and subjective nature. The current mechanism for the provision of administrative services by public authorities needs serious refinement, development of new approaches and their approval, comparison with foreign practice in order to determine the most optimal. To eliminate the shortcomings in this context, what administrative services are, is analyzed in detail. One of the main conditions for the successful reform of the civil servants’ remuneration system is stable financial support. The issue of reforming the system of remuneration of civil servants will be resolved together with the issue of determining additional sources of funding. The costs of carrying out the mentioned reform can be covered, in particular, by increasing the efficiency of public administration and optimizing the number of employees of executive authorities and eliminating vacant positions. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the reform of public administration involves increasing the efficiency of the provision of administrative services. The network of centers for the provision of administrative services is actively developing and the provision of electronic services is being introduced. However, the availability of services and the quality of service differ in different territorial communities. Obstacles to the integration of certain popular services into administrative service provision centers remain due to excessive centralization of powers to provide them.

The purpose of the research is to show psychological peculiarities of examination of children with a diagnosis of “logoneurosis”, complicated with disorders of sensory sphere and disorders of perceptions. Research methods. The research methods were the method of observation and the empirical study of patients. The place of organizing the empirical stage of our research was the psychiatric hospital 1 in Kyiv. With the help of clinical, pathopsychological and anamnestic methods 86 children in the age of 3-12 years old (the average age is 8 ± 0.5 years old) with logoneurosis in anamnesis were diagnosed. The results of the research. We proved, that adverse conditions, which facilitate logoneurosis, are: physically weakened children; age features of brain activity; accelerated development of speech (3-4 years old), when the child’s communicative, cognitive and regulatory functions are developed rapidly under the influence of communication with adults; hidden mental imbalance of a child, increased reactivity as a result of not quite normal relationships with others; a conflict between the peculiarities of the environment and the degree of its awareness; lack of positive emotional contacts between adults and children; insufficient development of motility, sense of rhythm, facial expressions and articulatory movements; disorders of sensory sphere of the person and disorders of perceptions. Conclusions. The ability of a child with logoneurosis to present speech freely depends not only on varying degrees of independence, but also on his/her readiness. So, the speech therapist should trace the features of the appearance of speech spasms depending on whether the child utters a complex or simple phrases, individual words or sounds. On the material of retelling the texts, it is recorded in which cases speech convulsions take a place: only at the beginning of the story, at the beginning of phrases, by use of individual words or sounds. It is being investigated whether speech convulsions do not depend on the level of speech volume. For this purpose, the examinee is asked to speak quietly, loudly, in a whisper.

The conducted research shows that the communicative strategy of manipulation is widespread in the American humorous discourse. The communicative strategy of manipulation can be implemented through the tactic of ambiguity, the tactic of faulty logic, the tactic of comic lies, and the tactic of restraint.This can be implemented through ambiguity tactics and different types of ambiguous communicative acts that use the following variants of double meaning: «Feghoot», «hurricane of puns», «Stealth», «double entendre», «innocent innuendo», «accidental innuendo», «double meaning with clarification», «Lampshaded double entendre» etc. At least in part, they are based on such a cognitive pattern as «Von Restorff» or «Extraordinarity». Modernity is characterized by the process of nomination and standardization of American terminology, which is used for American literature, literary journalism, and cinema, while it actively penetrates into multimedia content around the world.

Problem definition. The constant transformation of external motives, which is caused by frequent changes in society and changes in the education system, requires a corresponding modification of the internal regulation of the students' personality. The existence of institutions with mixed education systems requires a study of the peculiarities of the motivation of the educational activities of the students in them, which is especially important in adolescence. Problem analysis. In the scientific literature, two main groups of types of motives are distinguished in the structure of educational motivation: external and internal. External motives include: social approval, study prestige, communication, fear of punishment, extracurricular educational motivation; to internal ones: achievement motivation, cognitive interest, self-realization, awareness of social necessity. The purpose of the study. To reveal the peculiarities of the motivation of educational activity in middle school students of institutions with different education systems. The research methods. Methodology for diagnosing the type of school motivation in schoolchildren" (E. Lepeshva). For mathematical and statistical processing, we used: factor analysis by the Varimax principal components method and φ - Fisher's angular transformation. Description of the sample. The sample consisted of 84 respondents. These are students of the 6th grade (12 years old) of secondary schools of the Donetsk region. They were divided into three groups. The first two groups consisted, respectively, of girls (30) and boys (24), who studied in classes exclusively with peers of the same sex. The third group is mixed, which included 15 girls and boys each. Conclusions No significant differences were found in the educational motivation of middle school students studying in institutions with different education systems for all motives, except for "extracurricular educational motivation" and "self-realization". The group of internal motives is the most pronounced among representatives of all three groups. The factor structure of the motivation of educational activity was created for each of the groups of motives. In girls who study in mixed classes, the phenomenon of "transformation" of the structure of the motivation of educational activities according to the male type was revealed.

Через швидке поширення в світі та значні фінансові витрати в термінальній стадії захворювання актуальною проблемою стала неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки. Значна кількість робіт із цієї теми потребує систематизації. Новітнім шляхом вирішення проблеми являється створення онтології. Дослідження присвячено розробленню онтологічної моделі "Медична допомога хворим із неалкогольною жировою хворобою печінки", що є складовою онтології "Системна біомедицина". Проведено аналіз і систематизацію літературних джерел і даних за напрямом неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки методом онтології. Пошук статей проводився в спеціалізованих базах даних Web of Sciense, PubMed, Cochrane Library. Для побудови первинного тексту онтології застосовано текстовий процесор word, а для управління посиланнями та бібліографією - програмний продукт EndNote. Усього проіндексовано 506 джерел наукової інформації. Розроблена онтологічна модель має 334 вершини. Інформація в ній представлена в графовому, табличному, об'єктному варіантах. Отже, створена онтологія "Медична допомога хворим із неалко-гольної жирової хвороби печінки" - принципово новий підхід до допомоги лікарю в практичній діяльності, новий інструмент для вдосконалення знань, а для науковця - метод пошуку частково відсутніх або невизначених явно зв'язків між поняттями.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus first discovered in 2019. The infection has spread rapidly throughout the world and affects people of all ages. Thus, 12.7% of all SARS-CoV-2 patients are children. Purpose - to establish the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the course of COVID-19 in children, depending on age to predict the severity of the disease’s manifestation. Materials and methods. The 60 children aged from 3 months to 17 years old with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were examined. All patients underwent general clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and received therapy according to Ukrainian National protocol. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results. Thus, in young children COVID-19 begins acutely (90.0%) with intoxication (75.0%), fever (65.0%), nasal congestion (25.0%), rhinorrhea (20.0%), dry cough (60.0%), increased ESR and C-reactive protein (55.0%). The course of COVID-19 in children 4-6 years is accompanied by acute onset (85.71%), fever (85.71%), pharyngitis (85.71%), lymphopenia (28.56%), and no CT signs of lesions (71.43%). In children 7-12 years old, COVID-19 causes intoxication (88.89%), fever (83.33%), pharyngitis (55.56%), dry cough (77.78%), lymphocytosis (16.67%) with accelerated ESR (38.89%) and pneumonia (38.89%). The course of COVID-19 in children was older than 13 years old characterized by fever (73.33%), pharyngitis (66.67%), dry cough (73.33%), olfactory loss (20.0%), leukopenia (20.0%), ESR acceleration (20.0%), and a decrease in prothrombin (13.33%) without pulmonary lesions (73.33%). Conclusions. These data suggest that the severity and duration of clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 depend on the child’s age. The course of COVID-19 in children of all age groups is mostly of moderate severity with a favorable prognosis ((56.67%) hospitalized children did not have any complications). Only children from 7 to 12 years old need additional attention due to the severe manifestations of intoxication (88.89%) and the risk of complications with pneumonia (38.89%). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

In Ukraine, an anti-terrorist operation, carried out on a significant territory of the country (about 20 percent) has been going on for eight years. All this time, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians stay in stressful conditions. Changes occur in cognitive, behavioral, value-motivational, emotional and other spheres of these people personality. One of the risk groups is middle-aged people, because the key tasks for this stage of a person's life become difficult to implement. In women, the emotional component of this process is more intense than in men, which becomes an additional stress factor in this situation. There are studies on the emotional component in interpersonal relationships in these women, their tendency to affect, the consequences of receiving traumatic experience, impulsiveness, etc. However, the number of studies on the peculiarities of basic emotions manifestation, level indicators of anxiety, aggressiveness and other components of the emotional sphere remains insignificant, which would make it possible to develop appropriate psychocorrective programs. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of emotional sphere in middle-aged women who have been in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO) for a long time. Research methods – a technique for measuring the level of anxiety (J. Taylor), a scale of differential emotions (K. Izard), a technique for detecting the level of aggressiveness (Bassa-Darky). Mathematical and statistical processing - φ-criterion Fisher's angular transformation. The subjects were 40 middle-aged women employed with higher education. They are divided into two groups of 20: according to the criterion, they were in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO) for a long time and had never been in the specified territory. Conclusions: for the emotional sphere of middle-aged women who have been for a long time (at least 5 years) in the area of anti-terrorist operation (ATO), the phenomena of "level decrease of emotions of the positive spectrum" and "level increase of aggressiveness" and a high general level of anxiety are characteristic. In the anxiety-depressive spectrum of the emotional sphere, guilt becomes the dominant emotion. There is a tendency to increase more open forms of aggressiveness, but the manifestation of anger, on the contrary, is becoming more moderate.

Problem definition world globalization and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine led to a significant increase in the number of Ukrainians emigrating to China. The emigration process has its stages, at each of which the individual solves his tasks of social and psychological adaptation, which requires research. Problem analysis In the scientific literature, the emigration process is divided into three main stages (preparatory, moving and familiarization with new living conditions and adaptation to new conditions), in each of which adaptation is an important psychological component of this process. In the humanistic paradigm, the process of socio-psychological adaptation of the individual is the most developed and researched. The purpose of the study to reveal the stage-by-stage features of socio-psychological adaptation among Ukrainians emigrating to China. The research methods are the Rogers-Diamond diagnostic method of socio-psychological adaptation; questionnaires "Adaptive strategies of behavior" and "Satisfaction with life" according to N. Melnikova; questionnaire "Social well-being". Mathematical and statistical processing of the φ criterion - Fisher's angular transformation and the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Description of the sample the sample consisted of 90 Ukrainians of early adulthood who are in a marital relationship and have a higher education. The sample was divided into 3 studied groups. Group 1 (Gr. 1) includes Ukrainians who plan to emigrate to China, which was confirmed by the documents they drew up for this purpose. Group 2 (Gr. 2) included Ukrainians who lived in China for no more than 1 year after moving. Until the third (Gr.3) - more than 1 year. Conclusions At the second stage of socio-psychological adaptation in the process of emigration, the indicators of emotional discomfort, non-acceptance of others, external conflict and maladjustment significantly increase among Ukrainians, which worsens their adaptation potential, however, at the third stage, its full recovery and return to the level of the emigration planning stage was revealed. At each stage, features of the manifestation of adaptive behavioral strategies, indicators of social well-being and life satisfaction were revealed.

The article presents the results of 1954-2021 studies on the potato polymorphism as a consequence of species evolution and practical application of these investigations. The issue of adaptability of valuable genes of potato, which contributed to its preservation in nature for a long time, is covered, and the potato evolution is traced on living material. It is noted that some species of this crop do not exist any longer and, given this, the importance of the plant genetic bank as a depository of material and intellectual assets of the people of Ukraine is stressed. The studies allowed for identification of valuable potato accessions, analysis of the genealogy of individual cultivars, which provided an opportunity to investigate the relationships between modern cultivars and their ancestors. The identified or newly created valuable potato accessions found further practical use, as they were involved in breeding, scientific and educational programs. Due to multi-year research aimed at targeted involvement, effectively use and preservation of the authenticity of the valuable gene pool of potatoes as well as at optimization of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, a pedigree database on 301 accessions from 18 countries with certificates for 35 valuable unique accessions was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources. We also built-up collections of 6 different types, specifically, a trait collection for yield including 46 accessions from 8 countries; a trait collection for starch content and technological scores (61 accessions from 5 countries); a working trait collection for large tubers (121 accessions from 16 countries); a working trait collection for resistance to viral diseases (31 accessions from 7 countries); and a trait collection for distinctness traits (568 accessions from 15 countries). The above collections and accessions of the potato gene pool are a concentrated reserve of valuable genes as well as material and an intellectual asset of the people of Ukraine; they play an important role in improving the welfare of the nation and the strength of the state, increase its scientific, intellectual and spiritual potentials and need preserving in a viable state and genetic integrity.

From the analysis of the main theoretical provisions of heuristic self-organization systems and logical models, it follows that according to O. G. Ivakhnenko's systems of heuristic self-organization, the first task is to determine the factors content “that determine the essence of different images”. These are the images that characterize the objects of a particular subject area. After determining the composition and content of these images, the next problem is solved, namely, the problem of “generating the new successful heuristic”, which in content is a solution that leads to increased accuracy. Note that we are talking about improving the accuracy of solving the problem of data processing. It follows from the above mentioned that heuristic self-organization systems are data processing systems. This allows the multiplicity of heuristics. Heuristics in content correspond to the logical rules applied in heuristic self-organization systems. The main provisions of the heuristic self-organization system theory were developed by O. G. Ivakhnenko in the eighties of the last century, but they remain unnoticed to this day. At this time, the task is to explain why the neural network makes such a decision and not another. Based on this, the concept of “explainability of artificial intelligence” was introduced for artificial intelligence. It is the content of heuristics that forms the structure of the neural network in the form of logical rules and determines the logic of the decision made. It is established that the derivation rule, which is the basis for constructing artificial neural networks, is an abductive rule, which, unfortunately, does not meet the fourth heuristic and does not meet the definition of intelligence: intelligence is the ability to measure things. Unfortunately, none of the neural networks can measure things. From the analysis of the basic rules content of inference, it follows that the dialectical method of inference is general (generating) for the basic logical methods of inference. The difference lies in the composition and content of the middle member of the triangular relationship, namely, in the form of the element combination of the relationship: the transition from one concept to another. The explainability of artificial intelligence refers to the laws of the structure and activity of artificial neural networks. But modern theories of artificial neural networks ignore the existence of logical rules (heuristics), which were established by O. G. Ivakhnenko. After all, only knowing the rules based on which problems are solved, it is possible to check the correctness of the decision, but not by searching for such rules. The three hypotheses about the explainability of artificial intelligence and the theory of machine identification can be further defined as statements or theorems and strictly proved.

1840–1850-ті роки були важливим періодом для розуміння результатів попередньої і перспектив подальшої політики в Російській імперії у «єврейському питанні». Від першої «зустрічі» з єврейськими підданими імперська бюрократія намагалась їх «покращити», в межах Смуги осілості. Неодноразово влада намагалась контролювати єврейські громади шляхом руйнування їхніх самоврядних інститутів або боротьби з «єврейським одягом». Дослідники часто писали про те, що імперська влада не так багато знала про своїх підданих. Аналіз джерел показує нам, що влада була достатньо поінформована про різні аспекти життя єврейського населення. Ця інформація надходила до вищих кіл бюрократії через постійну комунікацію з представниками на місцях. Важливими інформантами ставали члени єврейських громад, які мали власні мотивації та історії. Знання не означало толерантності у ставленні бюрократії до єврейських підданих. Принаймні для частини істеблішменту було характерним сприйняття євреїв, яке можна описати як орієнталізм і расизм. Однак у середині XIX ст. перевагу мали ті представники влади, які мали іншу позицію. З кінця 1850-х і до початку 1880-х рр. тривала політика «злиття», індивідуальної емансипації для євреїв, із можливістю залишити Смугу осілості.