Search

In modern realities, an important place for the effective management of the cattle breeding industry is a properly implemented selection and breeding process with the sampling of cows that are marked by the highest indicators of a set of productive qualities. In this case, the application of entropy and information analysis is one of the most expedient, as it makes it possible to assess the economic and useful qualities of animals as fully as possible. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and analyze the degree of organization of the biological system of dairy cattle productive traits under the influence of hereditary factors such as the age and origin of cows. During the research, methods generally accepted in zootechnics and methods using information and entropy analysis, which are adapted and modified in animal husbandry, were used. The data obtained from the entropy and information analysis show that for cattle of the Black-and-White breed of different lineal affiliations, the level of organization of systems varies – R from 0.009 to 1.341 bits. Moreover, the most stable trait from the point of view of variability was the fat content in milk, the level of unconditional entropy in the section of lactations was equal to 3.333-4.550 bits, which indicates a smaller influence of disorganized factors on the level of manifestation of this trait, and a greater dependence on hereditary factors, i.e. origin. Although in general, a reliable influence of the lineal affiliation of cows on indicators of unconditional entropy and organization of the system was not established, the influence of the age factor on indicators of entropy was observed. Thus, the researched livestock is not characterized by uniformity and consolidation in terms of the main selection characteristics, except for the fat content in milk, which indicates a wide range of variability and serves as a flexible material both for selection and breeding work and for increasing the level of milk productivity. Therefore, the use of empirical data of information theory can be a kind of marker when predicting hereditary traits of a particular productivity, since entropy and information analysis provides wider and deeper values of trait variability

Effective management of water resources is possible only with an effectively organized monitoring system. After the emergence and development of information theory, the concept of information entropy found its place in the field of the development of water monitoring systems. The purpose of this work is to review research related to the construction of water monitoring systems and networks that applied the entropy theory in the design process. Methodology. Entropy terms used in the construction of water monitoring systems are summarized. Recent applications of the entropy concept for water monitoring system designs classified by precipitation are reviewed; flow and water level; water quality; soil moisture and groundwater. The integrated method of designing multifactorial monitoring systems is also highlighted. Results. The review analyzes studies and their implementation in the design of water monitoring networks based on entropy. The use of various methods of information theory and their adaptation for use in the design of monitoring networks is demonstrated, with the goal of network design methods being the selection of stations that provide the most information for the monitoring network, while being independent of each other. Through extensive testing, information theory has proven to be a reliable tool for evaluating and designing an optimal water monitoring network. Scientific novelty. This review focuses on studies that have applied information theory or information entropy to construct monitoring networks and systems. Information theory was developed by Shannon in the middle of the last century to measure the information content of a data set and was subsequently applied to solving water resources problems. To date, there are no review studies regarding the design of water monitoring networks based on the concept that entropy will be able to characterize the information specific to the monitoring station or monitoring networks. The main goal is to have the maximum amount of information. Practical significance. The optimal design of the monitoring network can be built based on the specified design criteria; however, the practical application of a new optimal monitoring network is rarely evaluated in a hydrological or other model. It is also important to identify the benefits of entropy-based network design to convince decision-makers of the importance of entropy-based approaches. The optimal network can be subjective, based on the choices made during the entropy calculation and the design method chosen, especially when additional objective functions are considered in the design. This applies to the method chosen to construct the optimal monitoring network, whether it is found using an iterative method where one station is added at a time, or a collection of stations that are added simultaneously. Research has also shown that data length, catchment scale, and the order can affect optimal network design. when using discrete entropy, it was shown that the binning method affects the final network design. Therefore, when selecting options based on the intended application of the monitoring network, a clear understanding and further research is needed to provide recommendations specific to water monitoring networks. In particular, more work is needed on the spatial and temporal scaling of the entropy calculation data to provide robust recommendations for decision-makers.

Effective management of water resources is possible only with an effectively organized monitoring system. After the emergence and development of information theory, the concept of information entropy found its place in the field of the development of water monitoring systems. The purpose of this work is to review research related to the construction of water monitoring systems and networks that applied the entropy theory in the design process. Methodology. Entropy terms used in the construction of water monitoring systems are summarized. Recent applications of the entropy concept for water monitoring system designs classified by precipitation are reviewed; flow and water level; water quality; soil moisture and groundwater. The integrated method of designing multifactorial monitoring systems is also highlighted. Results. The review analyzes studies and their implementation in the design of water monitoring networks based on entropy. The use of various methods of information theory and their adaptation for use in the design of monitoring networks is demonstrated, with the goal of network design methods being the selection of stations that provide the most information for the monitoring network, while being independent of each other. Through extensive testing, information theory has proven to be a reliable tool for evaluating and designing an optimal water monitoring network. Scientific novelty. This review focuses on studies that have applied information theory or information entropy to construct monitoring networks and systems. Information theory was developed by Shannon in the middle of the last century to measure the information content of a data set and was subsequently applied to solving water resources problems. To date, there are no review studies regarding the design of water monitoring networks based on the concept that entropy will be able to characterize the information specific to the monitoring station or monitoring networks. The main goal is to have the maximum amount of information. Practical significance. The optimal design of the monitoring network can be built based on the specified design criteria; however, the practical application of a new optimal monitoring network is rarely evaluated in a hydrological or other model. It is also important to identify the benefits of entropy-based network design to convince decision-makers of the importance of entropy-based approaches. The optimal network can be subjective, based on the choices made during the entropy calculation and the design method chosen, especially when additional objective functions are considered in the design. This applies to the method chosen to construct the optimal monitoring network, whether it is found using an iterative method where one station is added at a time, or a collection of stations that are added simultaneously. Research has also shown that data length, catchment scale, and the order can affect optimal network design. when using discrete entropy, it was shown that the binning method affects the final network design. Therefore, when selecting options based on the intended application of the monitoring network, a clear understanding and further research is needed to provide recommendations specific to water monitoring networks. In particular, more work is needed on the spatial and temporal scaling of the entropy calculation data to provide robust recommendations for decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is the development of a method for implementing the arithmetic operation of adding the residuals of numbers, which are represented in the system of residual classes (RNS). This method is based on the use of positional binary adders. The purpose of the article is to improve the performance of computer systems (CS) and their components by introducing new ways of organizing calculations based on the use of RNS. Tasks: to analyze and identify the shortcomings of the existing number systems that are used in the construction of computer systems and components; explore possible ways to eliminate the identified deficiencies; explore the structure of binary positional adders, taking into account the scheme for adding two residues of numbers modulo RNS; to develop a method for constructing adders modulo RNS, which is based on the use of a set of binary single-digit positional adders. Research methods: methods of analysis and synthesis of computer systems, number theory, coding theory in RNS. The following results are obtained. The paper shows that one of the promising ways to improve the performance of the CS is the use of RNS. The mathematical basis of RNS is the Chinese remainder theorem, which states that an integer operation on one large modulus can be replaced by a set of operations on coprime small modules. This opens up broad prospects for optimizing calculations. On the one hand, it is possible to significantly simplify the performance of complex and cumbersome calculations, including on low-resource computing platforms. On the other hand, calculations for different modules can be performed in parallel, which increases the performance of the CS. Conclusions. The article considers the operation of adding two numbers. This operation is the basis for both traditional positional number systems and RNS, i.e. forms the computational basis of all existing CS components. A new method for calculating the sum of the residuals of numbers modulo an arbitrary is proposed, and examples are given that clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This method can be used in various computer applications, including for improving computing performance, ensuring fault tolerance, etc.

The subject of research of the article is the methods of image classification according to the set of descriptors of key points in computer vision systems. The aim is to increase the efficiency of classification by introducing a multicomponent data model on a set of descriptors for the base of reference images. Applied methods: ORB detector and descriptors, apparatus of set theory and vector space, metric models for determining the relevance of sets of multidimensional vectors, elements of probability theory, software modeling. Results are obtained: a modified method of image classification based on the introduction of a multicomponent model for data analysis with a system of centers is developed, methods of constructing a set of data centers are identified, the most effective is the set medoid and centers based on it. The effectiveness of the modification significantly depends on the method of forming the centers, the applied classification model, as well as on the data itself. The best results were shown by the classification with the integrated indicator separately for each of the standards in the form of the sum of the values of the distributions for the set of centers; experimentally tested the effectiveness of the classification, confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method. The practical significance of the work is the construction of classification models in the transformed data space, confirmation of the efficiency of the proposed modifications on the examples of images, the creation of software for the implementation of developed classification methods in computer vision systems.

The subject of this research is noise reduction methods in the sound sequence as a part of the proposed speech-to-text (STT) module for converting a verbal lecture or a lesson into a written text form on digital educational platforms. The goal is to investigate the influence of noise reduction methods on the operation of the acoustic signal recognition system. 3 methods of noise reduction were considered for integration in the proposed acoustic artifact recognition system and for the researching: spectral subtraction method; fast Fourier transform; Wiener filter with software modeling of every method. The obtained results: after testing the system with integrated noise reduction modules in it, based on the fast Fourier transform, Wiener filter and spectral subtraction method, it was concluded that the module using the Wiener filter improves the identification results by 25%, which is the highest result. However, performance testing has shown that fast Fourier transform is the fastest method. The practical significance of the work is – the identifying acoustic events system was developed, different noise reduction methods were integrated and researched into the module for converting a verbal lecture or a lesson into a written text form in a proposed system with the aim of increasing of speed and accuracy.

The article considers the possibility of determining the source of higher harmonics of currents and voltages in the electrical network in the directions of power of the respective components. The research purpose is evaluating the effectiveness of theoretical methods, computer modeling of a fragment of the electrical network and electrical load receivers operating in parallel. Different combinations of active, reactive and nonlinear loading are investigated. Larionov's scheme was used as a nonlinear load. According to the results of the study, conclusions were made about the effectiveness of the method used. Thus, in particular, in the case of parallel operation of nonlinear and mixed active-nonlinear load, the source of higher harmonics is determined incorrectly. Suggestions for ways to improve the algorithm are made.

The fiber-optic communication lines and fiber-optic transmission systems using fiber-optic cable, receiving and transmitting optical modules based on WDM and DWDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing & Dense WDM) technologies are studied. A method for calculating the transmission characteristics fiber-optic communication lines is proposed and relationships are obtained that establish an analytical relationship between the length regeneration section and the transmission rate. This paper discusses the study and analysis indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral WDM and DWDM technologies.

Detection and recognition of loud sounds and characteristic noises can significantly increase the level of safety and ensure timely response to various emergency situations. Audio event detection is the first step in recognizing audio signals in a continuous audio input stream. This article presents a number of problems that are associated with the development of sound event detection systems, such as the deviation for each environment and each sound category, overlapping audio events, unreliable training data, etc. Both methods for detecting monophonic impulsive audio event and polyphonic sound event detection methods which are used in the state-of-the-art sound event detection systems are presented. Such systems are presented in Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) challenges and workshops, which take place every year. Beside a majority of works focusing on the improving overall performance in terms of accuracy many other aspects have also been studied. Several systems presented at DCASE 2021 task 4 were considered, and based on their analysis, there was a conclusion about possible future for sound event detection systems. Also the actual directions in the development of modern audio analytics systems are presented, including the study and use of various architectures of neural networks, the use of several data augmentation techniques, such as universal sound separation, etc.

The experience of the International Medical Device Regulators Forum in the use of products for oxygen therapy based on the study of guidelines, international and European regulations on medical devices is considered. Emphasis is placed on issues related to the metrological support of pulse oximeters. The global situation with the pandemic increases the relevance of selected topics. Continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation is one of the most important elements in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Despite the fact that the use of pulse oximeters does not require special medical knowledge, calibration and special maintenance, it is still necessary to control their reliability and accuracy of measurement. The study of pulse oximeter MD300M in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 8893:2019 "Metrology. Pulse oximeters. Calibration Method” 2020. Analysis of MD300M pulse oximeter calibration results revealed that this pulse oximeter was calibrated by the saturation and pulse measurement channel, as the maximum deviation of the measured saturation value from the pulse oximeter calibration measure does not exceed the pulse oximeter measurement documentation specified in the operating documentation. The discreteness of the MD300M pulse oximeter and the discreteness of the reference device MPPO-2, which are specified in the passports for the respective devices, have the greatest influence on the measurement uncertainty.

Traditional technologies for reliability analysis of semi-Markov systems are limited to obtaining a stationary state probability distribution. However, when solving practical control problems in such systems, the study of transient processes is of considerable interest. This implies the subject of research - the analysis of the laws of distribution of the system states probabilities. The goal of the work is to obtain the desired distribution at any time. The complexity of the problem solving is determined by the need to obtain a result for arbitrary distribution laws of the duration of the system's stay in each state before leaving. An easy-to-implement method for the analysis of semi-Markov reliability models has been suggested. The method is based on the possibility of approximating probability-theoretic descriptions of failure and recovery flows in the system using the Erlang distribution laws of the proper order. The developed computational scheme uses the most important property of Erlang flows, which are formed as a result of sieving the simplest Poisson flow. In this case, the semi-Markov model is reduced to the Markov one, which radically simplifies the analysis of real systems.

The paper presents an intelligent method for detecting UAV spoofing. A distinctive feature of the method is the use of subtrajectory calculation technology based on visual odometry subtrajectories and GPS positions in a sliding window, taking into account the intelligent estimation of the optical flow and the formation of UAV “Ego-movement” descriptors. In the course of the study, an analysis and comparative studies of a wide range of UAV spoofing methods were carried out, the most frequently recommended and practically used methods were identified. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the problems of GPS spoofing. The analysis of methods of protection against UAV GPS spoofing has been carried out. Promising directions for intelligent detection of UAV spoofing using methods and means of visual odometry are identified. In the course of studying methods for fixing input data, an approach was proposed for estimating the optical flow using a sliding window. At the same time, the need for intelligent processing of input data is argued. The estimation of the optical flow and the formation of descriptors was carried out using recurrent convolutional neural networks. As a result, a block diagram of the UAV spoofing detection method was developed. This allowed us to study the developed method. The results of the experiment for two spoofing scenarios showed the efficiency of estimating the positions of at least two of the three indicators under the conditions of using sliding windows of size 15 or more, with a time delay of half the window size.

The subject of research in the article is the methods of testing digital devices implemented on programmable logic devices (PLDs). The aim of the research is to substantiate the approach to diagnosing microprocessor systems based on PLD, which is a further development of the self-diagnostics method. The following tasks are solved in the article: the analysis of existing methods for testing digital devices is conducted, their advantages and disadvantages are disclosed; analyzed the existing approaches to the diagnosis of microprocessor systems, which are based on integrated circuits with a programmable structure; an approach to diagnosing microprocessor systems based on PLDs is proposed, which is based on the principle of interaction between processors by introducing a service processor into a multiprocessor system. The following results have been obtained: it has been proved that the implementation of the proposed models of interaction between processors in a multiprocessor system will provide the service processor with diagnostic information about the technical state of the system. It is noted that the availability of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the microprocessor system is the basis for making a decision to restore the system by reprogramming the PLD. Conclusions: the problem of diagnosing microprocessor systems in the PLD basis is considered. The analysis of existing methods for testing integrated circuits with a programmable structure has been conducted, their advantages and disadvantages have been noted. It is proposed to use the built-in service processor as a diagnostic device, the main function of which is to collect diagnostic information and make a decision on the reconfiguration of the microprocessor system in order to quickly restore its functioning automatically.

The actuality of the power to improve the accuracy of the results was determined in order to make a decision about the process of testing the software security. An analysis of the methods of support for making a decision was carried out. The necessity and feasibility of improving the accuracy of the results was determined in case of further software security inconsistencies in the minds of the fuzziness of input and intermediate data. With this method, on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic, the method of support for making a decision about the security of software security has been developed. The main feature of this method is the synthesis of an improved method of generating the initial vibration in the process of starting a piece of neural string. Within the framework of the model, the next stages of follow-up are reached. For the mathematical formalization of the process of accepting the decision and designation of the input data, the model of forming the vector in the input data was developed. Depending on this model for shaping the input data, an anonymous sign of potential inconsistencies and undeclared possibilities of the PP is valid until the data of PVS-Studio Analysis Results. To improve the accuracy of the classification of data collected, the method of creating a piece of neural array has been improved, which is modified by the method of generating a sample, which is being developed. This generation method includes three equal generations: generation of the initial vibration, generation of the initial butt and generation of a specific value of the safety characteristic. This made it possible to increase the accuracy of classification and acceptance of the solution by 1.6 times for positive elements in the selection by 1.2 times for negative elements in the selection. To confirm the effectiveness of the development of the method of support for the decision on how to ensure software security, a ROC-analysis was carried out over the course of the above procedures. The results of the experiment confirmed the hypothesis about the efficiency of the divided method of support to make a decision about the security of PZ up to 1.2 times equal to the methods, which are based on the position of discriminant and cluster analysis.

The goal of the work. Development of methods for performing basic arithmetic operations with interval complex numbers, which are presented in hyperbolic form, their modulus and argument. Results. The paper considers the method of extending interval numbers defined in hyperbolic form (hyperbolic interval numbers) to the field of complex numbers. To do this, the real and imaginary part of a complex number is presented in the form of a hyperbolic interval number. The connections between the representation of interval numbers in the classical form, the CENTER-RADIUS system and the hyperbolic form are established. Methods of performing basic arithmetic operations with hyperbolic complex numbers are proposed, namely: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. A method of raising the positive interval number of a complex interval number defined in a hyperbolic form to an integer positive degree is proposed. Methods for calculating the modulus and argument of a complex number defined in hyperbolic form are proposed. A method for determining the root of a degree from an interval complex number represented in hyperbolic form is proposed. Using the connections between hyperbolic and trigonometric functions, a form of representation of an interval number in trigonometric form is proposed. It is established that it is most expedient to perform addition and subtraction actions with complex interval numbers, which have a classical form or are defined in the CENTER-RADIUS system. The operations of multiplication, division and elevation to an integer power are most expedient to perform with complex interval numbers which are defined in hyperbolic form. The operation of calculating the root of a degree from an interval complex number, presented in hyperbolic form, is most expedient to perform with the combined use of the representation of the interval number in the system CENTER-RADIUS and in hyperbolic form.

The subject of the review is methodology of the subsystem verification and printing 3 D -model online learning system mixed type. To do this, a review of analogues, technologies, stages of printing were identified. Due to the development of technology, the educational process is being transformed. Education uses blended learning, part of which is distance learning. The object of research is use of additive technologies, which can make the learning process more motivating. Thus, if in distance education there is an opportunity to develop a 3D model online, check it for fidelity, send the model to print, it optimizes the learning process. The aim is to design with IP topics that uses the additive technologies in the educational process. Methods used: IDEF- diagram describing the function of the system; authentication rules, verification of 3 D models, sending the model to print, selecting a device online, and basic screen forms. Conclusions. The development of innovative thinking in higher education students should become a priority of modern higher education, and the introduction of new elements in modern education is inevitable. And given the development of 3D printing technologies, additive technologies are the most promising for the use of visualization in online and mixed teaching.

In the modern world, the image is becoming a more powerful means of communication. In the era of digitalization, people can express their thoughts, feelings, and more through images. The main difficulty of the author is always how to prove his authorship. Therefore, the development of the latest technologies for confirming authorship of digital images is relevant. The object of the study is the process of confirming the fact of the right to own a digital image. The subject of the study is the information technology of proof of authorship for digital images. Taking into account modern trends and results of using blockchain for copyright protection, this paper proposes an information technology for confirming ownership of digital images based on blockchain technology and digital watermarks to provide a reliable guarantee of copyright establishment. Proposed digital image ownership information technology using digital watermarking, blockchain, image hash function and IPFS to create a brand new decentralized ownership verification technology in the digital age of the Internet. As far as file types are concerned, this article only mentions digital image copyright management. In the future, the technology could be extended to include audio, video, and other types of media files to create a single system for verifying ownership of any digital content.

The subject matter is the processes of analysis and mechanisms of interaction of EMP-induced currents and voltages with the processes characterizing the functional purpose of radio products, is usually carried out within the framework of the theory of distributed circuits. The presented approach makes it possible to evaluate the performance criteria in general (for example, to evaluate the critical energy characterizing a thermal breakdown), however, issues related to the determination of various types of electromagnetic interactions that occur directly in the components of a product under the influence of EMR remain open. The aim is the possibility of setting up theoretical and experimental studies based on the proposed calculation model for excitation of natural vibrations of a semiconductor structure (exponential growth of amplitude). The parameters of a third-party pulsed electromagnetic field, induced currents and characteristics of semiconductor devices have been established within which the regime of amplification of natural vibrations of a semiconductor structure is observed. The objectives are: mechanisms of interaction of induced currents with surface vibrations of semiconductor components of a radio product under the influence of pulsed electromagnetic radiation. The methods used are: methods of the theory of small perturbations in determining the spectrum of natural oscillations of the system - currents induced by electromagnetic radiation and natural oscillations of the components of the radio product. The following results are obtained: The mechanisms for the appearance of reversible failures of semiconductor components of radio products under the influence of third-party pulsed electromagnetic fields are determined. It has been established that the presence of a current induced by external radiation leads to the establishment of a mode of amplification of natural oscillations of semiconductor components of a radio product (reversible failures). Conclusion. Quantitative estimates of amplification (generation) modes of oscillations of semiconductor devices, distorting their performance depending on the parameters of external electromagnetic influence, allows developing mechanisms for electromagnetic compatibility of microwave radio products. A comparative analysis of the calculated data obtained in the work can be used in the manufacture of radio devices operating in the millimeter and submillimeter range (amplifiers, generators and frequency converters).

The object of research is the process of improving the network architecture of enterprises in order to further optimize production processes. The subject of research is the design and optimization of structured cabling systems to automate the production processes of the enterprise. The aim of the work is to improve the method of designing and optimizing structured cabling systems for the transport needs of the cellular network for the needs of the enterprise. The study determined that the process of planning a radio network to automate production processes of the enterprise must be performed in accordance with the following sequence of steps: design of radio network coverage to determine the location of each base station (5G - gNb) and construction of communication transport segment with location cross-country premises. In this paper, research is conducted on the construction of a communication transport segment with the location of cross-country premises. For this purpose, the scope of the statistical method is determined and the choice of the location of the technical premises of the cross floor is substantiated. Conclusions. The research conducted in this paper allowed to develop methods for improving the network architecture of enterprises in order to further optimize production processes. As part of this, a 5G network planning method was developed to automate the production processes of the enterprise, which is to consistently ensure the design of the radio network coverage to determine the location of each base station using an optimized model to estimate the loss of radio signal power. bandwidth, number of connections and reliability and construction of the communication transport segment with the determination of the optimal location of cross-country premises. The developed method makes it possible to plan the optimal structure of the 5G cellular network to optimize production processes, evaluate and reduce the total cost of building the network, while providing the necessary indicators of service quality of network nodes and its reliability.

Today, a variety of information about forest ecosystems can be obtained using remote sensing methods. The use of space data for forest monitoring is cost-effective because it allows you to quickly obtain the objective information needed by foresters to solve practical problems. Satellite data provide wide coverage of forest lands, high accuracy of results, as well as high frequency of data obtained. Space images of the Ovruch district of the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine in the summer of 2020 were selected for the study. Determination of breed composition was carried out by the methods of controlled classification, namely the Bayesian classifier. It was found that 70 % of forests are pine, less aspen, hornbeam, birch, alder and ash tree species. According to statistics, during 2000-2020, 51.4 thousand hectares of forest plantations in Ukraine were damaged and destroyed by forest fires. Therefore, objective and timely information on the consequences of fires is needed to solve a wide range of applied problems of forestry. An important task in assessing the environmental and economic damage caused to forestry as a result of forest fires is to determine the area of damaged forests. The paper considers technologies for determining the area of the forest where the fire took place, using space images of the Landsat 8 satellite. The normalized NBR fire index before and after the fire and the DNBR index are used to identify areas burned by fire and impression levels. To predict forest fires, a mathematical model based on Bayes' theorem was created and a thematic map with fire hazard classes on a quarterly basis was created. To check the accuracy of the results of the created forecast model, the thematic map was combined with a layer of defined fire areas. This software product is quite flexible and versatile, it can be easily adapted for use not only to identify burned forest lands, but also for other areas.

The main task of path search methods is to generate a possible path through a section of the environment while bypassing obstacles and minimizing the path length. Existing methods focus on the shortest geometric path to the target and do not take into account various parameters, such as energy consumption or the complexity of sections of the path. This article proposes a method for finding a path and determining its optimality using Petri nets. In addition to generating solutions based on several parameters, this method allows you to expand the visual feedback. When calculating the optimality of the model using the geometric distance from the entry point of the robot to the goal along a certain route and the cost of the abstract amount of energy to move each route. The object of research is Petri nets and their use to model the process of creating routes and finding a way for autonomous robots. The subject of research is the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets and the feasibility of their use in modeling the process of creating routes and finding a way for autonomous robots. The research aims to demonstrate the benefits of Petri nets for visual modeling of the process of finding the path and motion of autonomous robots. Conclusions. The presented technique is suitable for use in modeling the process of finding a way and provides comprehensive statistics for further processing and analysis.

Modern information technologies include the use of server systems, virtualization technologies, communication tools for distributed computing and development of software and hardware solutions of data processing and storage centers, the most effective of such complexes for managing heterogeneous computing resources are hybrid GRID- distributed computing infrastructure combines resources of different types with collective access to these resources for and sharing shared resources. The article considers a multi-agent system that provides integration of the computational management approach for a cluster Grid system of computational type, the nodes of which have a complex hybrid structure. The hybrid cluster includes computing modules that support different parallel programming technologies and differ in their computational characteristics. The novelty and practical significance of the methods and tools presented in the article are a significant increase in the functionality of the Grid cluster computing management system for the distribution and division of Grid resources at different levels of tasks, the ability to embed intelligent computing management tools in problem-oriented applications. The use of multi-agent systems for task planning in Grid systems will solve two main problems - scalability and adaptability. The methods and techniques used today do not sufficiently provide solutions to these complex problems. Thus, the scientific task of improving the effectiveness of methods and tools for managing problem-oriented distributed computing in a cluster Grid system, integrated with traditional meta-planners and local resource managers of Grid nodes, corresponding to trends in the concept of scalability and adaptability.

The subject of research in the article is dynamic control systems with optimal slow motions. The goal of the work is to obtain an asymptotic approximation of the control in the form of feedback, which, not being uniform in the domain of the system definition, forms slow motions of the system uniformly close to optimal ones. The objectives of the study are to conduct an asymptotic analysis of the controller for small values of the parameters. Applied methods: methods of minimization of quadratic functions and methods of matrix algebra. The obtained results: the problem of the optimal equation with two small singularly exciting parameters is considered. Requirements for the characteristics and controllability of the selected system have been introduced. The problem under consideration, in contrast to well-known studies, is connected with a fundamental problem: as the system parameters tend to zero, certain components of the matrix that satisfies the Ricatti equation, due to the limiting condition for it, acquire singularities in certain time intervals. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that with the use of minimization methods, general methods are obtained for constructing a uniform region of asymptotics for optimal control systems with two small singular-exciting parameters with respect to another small parameter.

The subject of the research is methods of identifying the state of the Computer System. The object of research is the process of identifying the state of a computer system for information protection. The aim of the research is to develop the method for identifying the state of a computer system for information protection. This article is devoted to the development of method (boosting ensemble) to increase the accuracy of detecting anomalies in computer systems. Methods used: artificial intelligence methods, machine learning, decision tree methods, ensemble methods. The results were obtained: a method of computer system identification based on boosting ensemble with special preprocessing procedure is developed. The effectiveness of using machine learning technology to identify the state of a computer system has been studied. Experimental researches have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method, which makes it possible to recommend it for practical use in order to improve the accuracy of identifying the state of the computer system. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, ensemble classifier of computer system state identification based on boosting was proposed. It was found that the use of the proposed classifier makes it possible to reduce the variance to 10%. In addition, due to the optimization of the initial data, the efficiency of identifying the state of the computer was increased. Prospects for further research may be to develop an ensemble of fuzzy decision trees based on the proposed method, optimizing their software implementation

Об’єктом дослідження є процес побудови хмарної інформаційно-комунікаційної системи автоматизації виробничих процесів. Предметом дослідження є метод забезпечення надійності підключення вузлів до інформаційно-комунікаційної системи підприємства на базі 5G. Метою даної роботи є підвищення надійності підключення вузлів до інформаційно-комунікаційної системи підприємства на базі 5G. для оптимізації виробничих процесів. У результаті дослідження були розглянуті поняття, що характеризують надійність розподілених інформаційно-комунікаційних мереж 5G. Було формалізована постановка синтезу функціонально стійкої структури розподіленої інформаційно-комунікаційної мережі 5G підприємства Також було розроблено метод планування мережі 5G для автоматизації виробничих процесів підприємства, що полягає в послідовному забезпеченні проектування покриття радіомережі із визначення місця розташування кожної базової станції з використанням оптимізованої моделі оцінки втрат потужності радіосигналу на шляху розповсюдження з урахуванням обмежень по мінімальній пропускній здатності, кількості підключень та надійності та побудови комунікаційного транспортного сегменту із визначенням оптимального місцезнаходження кросових приміщень. Висновки. Розроблений метод надає змогу проводити планування оптимальної структури стільникової мережі 5G для оптимізації виробничих процесів, оцінювати та зменшувати сукупні витрати на побудову мережі, при цьому забезпечуючи необхідні показники якості обслуговування вузлів мережі та її надійності.

The subject of research in the article is is the processes of constructing explanations in intelligent systems using causal relationships. The aim is to develop a representation of the entities of the subject area, taking into account the temporal aspect in order to represent the binary relations in time between the properties of the same entity. The construction of temporal relations between the properties of entities makes it possible to determine the probabilistic causal relationships between the states of these entities and use these dependencies to form explanations for the implemented decision-making process in the intelligent system, taking into account possible alternatives. Tasks: structuring the objects of the subject area, taking into account their essential properties for the decision-making process, including temporal; definition of classes of essences of subject area; determination of equivalence classes of entities of the subject area taking into account changes in the properties of these entities over time; development of a temporal model of representation of essences of subject area for construction of explanations in intellectual systems on the basis of definition of dependences in time between properties of essences. The approaches used are: set-theoretic approach, which is used to describe the classes of entities and classes of equivalence of entities of the subject area; linear temporal logic, which provides a representation of the relationship between entities in the temporal aspect. The following results were obtained. The structuring of the objects of the subject area is performed taking into account their properties, which are used in the decision-making process in the intellectual system; defined classes of entities; the classes of equivalence of entities of the subject area are defined as a kind of class of entities with the same values of key attributes, which makes it possible to take into account changes in these values over time; a temporal model of representation of the essences of the subject area is developed, which takes into account their static, dynamic properties and properties of time. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results is as follows. An equivalence class for entities is distinguished, which contains entities with the same key static properties and different dynamic properties considering the time of their change, which allows to reflect changes in the state of the entity in the decision-making process in the intelligent system. The temporal model of representation of essences of subject area which contains classes of equivalence of essences, and also temporal communications between properties of elements of these classes is offered. The selection of classes of equivalence of entities makes it possible to present the decision-making process in the intellectual system in the form of a sequence of temporal connections between the properties of entities of the subject area, and to form on this basis casual relationships between states of entities.

The sources of noise and artifacts arising during thermal imaging and the methods for thermal images filtering, including methods specific for processing of images generated by infrared sensors, are considered. In particular, distortions caused by the process of microbolometrer matrices self-heating due to internal and external heating sources and the methods for compensating such distortions are studied. The purpose of the study is to create a mathematical model of a bolometric matrix self-heating based on heat transfer equations and to develop an algorithm for suppressing of distortions introduced into thermal images by self-heating. The exponential models describing the propagation of heat in the microbolometer matrix are proposed and it is shown that the coefficients of the models after logarithming can be determined by the least squares method. For real thermal images, the coefficients of the model are determined, and situations are considered when the base temperature of the object is known and when it is necessary to restore it, and modifications of the exponential model in the form of an exponent from a complete and incomplete square are proposed. Computer simulation of the proposed distortion compensation algorithm has been carried out, a set of thermal images before and after processing has been presented, and a quantitative estimation of the degree of noise suppression caused by heating of bolometric arrays has been obtained. Based on the results of the work, it was determined that the exponential model provides a sufficient degree of closeness of the experimental and theoretically predicted temperature data, and the degree of difference between the data and the model was estimated. Recommendations are developed for the application of the proposed methods at known and unknown base temperature of the matrix. Proposals have been developed for further improving the mathematical model, including the situation of temperature changes over time, and for improving the efficiency of self-heating noise suppression algorithms.

В статті проведено аналіз існуючих основних методів визначення ваги тіла космонавтів і об'єктів малої ваги в умовах невагомості та розкрито їх особливості застосування. Найбільш зручним і перспективним способом визначення інерціальної ваги тіла в умовах невагомості вважається використання різного роду осциляторів та приладів, що дозволяють вимірювати параметри тіла космонавта (об'єктів малої ваги приладів тощо), яке коливається. Можливо використовувати залежність періоду коливань пружини від ваги закріпленого на ній тіла космонавта тощо. Розглянуто вимірювач ваги «ИМ-01М», його технічні характеристики, склад та принцип дії. Такий вимірювач можливо доповнити системою зважування космонавтів (астронавтів) за методом Кармело Велардо, який дозволяє отримати данні про глибину об'єкту вимірювання (форму і розміри космонавта та його рухи). Об'єктом дослідження є осцилятори та прилади, що дозволяють вимірювати параметри тіла космонавта і об'єктів малої ваги, які коливаються. Предметом дослідження є математичний апарат щодо визначення частоти власних коливань динамічної системи. Метою наукової роботи є розробка методу контролю частоти власних коливань для визначення ваги тіла космонавта і об'єктів малої ваги в умовах невагомості. Висновки. Запропоновано метод визначення ваги тіла космонавтів і об'єктів малої ваги в умовах невагомості та його реалізацію за зміною частоти власних коливань. Представлено аналітичні вирази для розрахунку частоти власних коливань динамічної системи та відповідні графіки. Розроблено пружно-ваговий пристрій для проведення вимірювань. Приведено схемо-технічне рішення пристрою, розкрито його склад і принцип дії. Пристрій спроможний визначити вагу об'єкта контролю та його стан (неоднорідність, наявність рідкого наповнювача, частин, що коливаються тощо).

The rapid development of mobile Internet technologies LTE (Long-Term Evolution) not only predetermined the further development of cyber-physical systems, which are based on the synthesis of technologies of classical computer systems and LTE technologies, as well as integration with Internet-of-Things technologies. As a result, the emergence of sociocyberphysical systems predetermines further development based on this integration. The creation of mesh- and sensor networks also allows the development of smart technologies and systems based on their conglomeration. The development and creation of a quantum computer, on the one hand, will make it possible to make a technical breakthrough in computing resources, use artificial intelligence, and on the other hand, it can lead to “chaos” in ensuring the security of modern technologies and systems. So, based on the algorithms of Shor and Grover quantum cryptography, symmetric cryptosystems based on traditional cryptography algorithms, as well as asymmetric cryptosystems, including systems based on elliptic curve cryptography, can be broken. The paper proposes to use a new approach to building security systems based on the concept of internal and external security contours. At the same time, security contours of continuous business processes are considered. This approach provides an objective assessment of the current state of security of the socio-cyber system as a whole.

. The problem of modeling the propagation local magnetic fields and spatially dispersed sources is large errors compared to field measurements. An important aspect of adequate modeling is the use of the correct mathematical apparatus. It is shown that in order to obtain reliable models of the propagation magnetic fields around electrical machines (generators, electric motors of different power, geometric dimensions and poles), it is advisable to apply the Gauss equation for a scalar potential. The solution of the equation in polar coordinates makes it possible to take into account not only the fundamental, but also other harmonics of the magnetic field (dipole, quadrupole, octupole). This allows, depending on the number of spatial harmonics taken into account, to obtain a model with the required accuracy (error) for predicting the magnetic field strength at any point around the machine. It is considered in the paper that an electronic machine is an object of base radius R0. The presented approach makes it possible to unambiguously determine the location of zero field points at a distance from the source (for a quadrupole source and zero field lines, for an octupole source). The results of modeling and their verification by full-scale measurements for the most common four-pole machines (quadrupole source) are presented. The main task of modeling the propagation the magnetic field of such sources is to ensure the required accuracy based on the goals of modeling. It is shown that the modeling accuracy and the presence of zero field points are due to different field levels near the electrical machine housing for different harmonics. The dipole harmonic at the cabinet is 20% of its own harmonic. But it falls more slowly with distance. This necessitates taking into account a different number of harmonics depending on the value of the ratio R0/R, R is the distance to the point of determining the field strength from the source. Therefore, with the ratio R0/R=2/3, the eighth harmonic is essential. At R0/R=1/5, already the fourth spatial harmonic can be neglected. Such data allow you to choose a rational number of harmonics. This reduces the amount of calculations and simplifies the process of modeling the propagation of the magnetic field around the source.

Актуальність Роботу присвячено вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми в галузі інформаційних технологій – аналізу систем інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення у сфері адміністративного управління з урахуванням вимог комплексності, підтримки прийняття управлінських рішень на базі знання-орієнтованих засобів, а також інтеграції систем інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення з дотриманням інтероперабельності. Результати. Проведена деталізація функцій органів адміністративного управління та особливостей діяльності в сучасних умовах, яка показує, що як основний засіб в підготовці рішень розглядається інформаційний простір, що, у свою чергу, потребує створення національної системи інформаційних ресурсів та відповідної електронної інфраструктури країни. Побудовано концептуальні структури органу управління та запропонована модель інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності в органі управління, для забезпечення розв’язування проблем інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності. Науковими результатами досліджень є основи нової теорії ситуаційного регулювання технологічних процесів в органі управління при автоматизованій обробці інформаційних потоків, застосування поняття „виконавчої обов’язковості” з реалізацією відповідної політики, теорія обробки інформаційних документальних потоків як складова теорії телетрафику, моделі дослідження специфіки інформаційного навантаження автоматизованої системи в стаціонарному режимі. На підставі цих парадигм визначено можливість побудови комплексних корпоративних систем на базі апробованих рішень, при цьому складовими загальної методології використання інформаційних технологій мають бути чинники, отримані в результаті наших досліджень.

The article is dedicated to the methods developed to calculate the main parameters of “heat islands” that appear in densely built-up urban area. Although remote sensing imaging is ideally used to track and detect frequent land cover changes in urban and surrounding areas as a result of sustainable urbanization and to calculate key parameters of "heat islands" seen in densely populated urban areas, satellite imagery is digitally manually The transformation of a parametric image into a land cover map using existing methods of classification is a long process, and therefore methods are proposed to determine the main indicators of the impact of "heat islands" in urban areas. A modified building density index has been formulated, which is highly informative, involving: (a) the proposed index reaches an extremum when the known building density index BDI and NDVI are equalized, (b) when the specified maximum is reached, it is easy to calculate the LST indicator using the known regression dependences of BDI and NDVI from LST. The method has been developed to calculate the area of “heat islands” on the base of the equivalent radius calculation using the known dependence function of the building density on the distance to the center of the urban area. Our study shows that the distribution of buildings and the slope of the relief affect the surface temperature (LST), in addition, the ratios of different LSTs vary in cities of different sizes, and each city has a temperature difference in LSTs, so the urban heating island To reduce the impact, it is important to identify the characteristics of the thermal environment in cities of different sizes. Urban greening is increasingly valued by cities around the world as an effective measure to reduce the negative effects of the urban heating islands, with different numbers and types of landscape dimensions, different statistical methods used in different surveys, as well as metric scale dependence and contextual differences between cities and we can overcome these challenges by conducting comparative research on time and space using a consistent methodology.

The object of research in the article are the tools and capabilities of the C# programming language for the implementation of cybersecurity analysis software in local computer networks and computer-integrated systems. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of information security of computer and computer-integrated systems in government, military-industrial complex, private business etc., and due to the importance of training cybersecurity professionals in higher education to consider teaching examples in popular programming languages. The goal of the work is to research the possibilities of the C# programming language for the development of software that analyzes cybersecurity in local computer networks and computer-integrated systems. The tasks to be solved are: to develop software for scanning network device ports in computer networks and computer-integrated systems for information security audit, using tools and libraries of the C# programming language, to research the benefits and possibilities of using this programming language for this task. Research methods: theory of computer networks, object-oriented programming, theory of algorithms and data structures, theory of software testing. Conclusions. In this paper the possibilities and advantages of the C# programming language for developing cybersecurity analysis software for computer and computer-integrated systems were explored. In the course of work software that analyzes information security in local computer networks and computer-integrated systems was developed. This software can be used for educational purposes in learning the C# programming language and cybersecurity of computer systems. The developed software has the potential to be further improved and applied in various fields to test the cybersecurity of local computer networks and computer-integrated technologies.

Побудовані моделі передбачення кількості захворілих на COVID-19 з використанням методів машинного навчання. Побудовані моделі навчались на даних зібраних з різних офіційних джерел, включаючи Всесвітню Організацію Здоров’я, з початку епідемії до теперішнього часу. Для навчання моделей передбачення кількості захворілих на COVID-19 обрано Україну та Індію. Методами, що надали високу точність прогнозу для існуючих даних, виявились алгоритми лінійної регресії для України та градієнтного бустингу для Індії. Аналіз даних проводився за допомогою мови програмування Python, з використанням бібліотеки Sklearn, яка побудована на основі SciPy (Scientific Python). Крім того, використовувалась бібліотека алгоритму градієнтного бустингу XGboost. Для розробки моделі обрано багатофакторне прогнозування часових рядів з використанням у якості предикаторів запізнення часового ряду. Визначено характеристики, що враховуються при навчанні моделі, а саме: дата початку події, день тижня, номер тижня, місяць та інші. Проведено аналіз щодо визначення впливу цих параметрів на якість навчання моделі. Оцінені похибки моделей та точність прогнозу з найкращими показниками 0.83 для України та 0.75 для Індії. Побудовані моделі дозволяють передбачати епідеміологічну ситуацію в майбутньому, координувати дії у різних галузях охорони здоров'я та проводити обґрунтовані превентивні заходи на державному рівні.

The relevance of research. Authentication is the process of confirming the authenticity of an object or subject of interaction in an information network by a presented identifier. Usually only one factor is used. However, most information security incidents occur due to the use of one factor. The easiest way to create an extra layer of security for accounts is to use two-factor authentication using 2FA programs. In this case, an additional step occurs, which increases the user authentication time and creates an additional load on the network. Thus, there is a need to create an additional layer of security for accounts in the “Active Directory” directory service without using an additional component on the target system and an additional step in the authentication process, thereby making the authentication process itself simpler and more responsive to the user. The purpose of the article is to develop a model of the two-factor authentication process, which will allow comparison of different approaches to its implementation. Research progress. The proposed model consists of three components: a system submodel, a threat submodel, and a security properties submodel. The analysis performed showed the advantages of using the PERT method for this problem. The simulation of the authentication process was carried out using a third-party service for checking the second factor (DUO) and the proposed method. The final PERT-diagrams are formed. A comparative analysis of these methods in terms of authentication speed was carried out. Conclusion. The developed model makes it possible to assess the quality of two-factor authentication by the selected parameter with a sufficient degree of accuracy. In particular, the proposed method showed more preferable results in terms of authentication speed compared to conventional methods.

This paper presents the modeling of a robot's navigation using ultrasonic sensors under uncertainty. The robot tries to avoid obstacles by using the fuzzy logic controller to process the data coming from three ultrasonic sensors. To assess the performance of fuzzy logic optimized robot navigation controller with ultrasonic sensors, which measure the distance by calculating the time spent on the object and its return, the obstacles are placed in front of, left, and right of the robot. Mamdani fuzzy reasoning system is used for the designed controller for its intuitive properties and fewer setting parameters which reduces the amount of time spent on the programming of the controller. 25 rules are considered to cover a robot’s possible interactions with obstacles. For an easy understanding of navigation architecture and rapid algorithm implementation, in this paper, a MATLAB simulation framework is developed. MATLAB/Simulink is one of the best simulation tools required to design the architecture and verify algorithms with real-time constraints. Resultant models of the fuzzy optimized controller demonstrate the superior performance of the fuzzy logic controller with high adaptability to the environment while maintaining a sufficient level of accuracy. The designed fuzzy controller can be used in microprocessor/microcontroller-based robots owing to easiness in implementation and coding.

The problem of choosing the values of the variable parameters of the digital stabilizer of the cosmic stage of a carrier rocket with a liquid-propellant jet engine and an onboard digital computer in the stabilization loop, which ensures stable movement of the stage along the entire active section of the flight trajectory, is considered. The effect of the stabilizer quantization period on the stability region of a closed-loop stabilization system is considered. It is recommended to choose the intersection of stability regions corresponding to uniformly distributed moments of time along the active section of the stage flight trajectory as acceptable values for the variable parameters of the stabilizer of a non-stationary stabilization object.

The article discusses an approach to technical diagnostics of secondary power supplies for communication facilities. Diagnostics is carried out during the current repair. This takes into account the features of the object being diagnosed, which affect the process of searching for defects. The purpose of the article is to analyze possible options for the development of diagnostic support for secondary power supplies. This takes into account the metrological reliability of measuring equipment. The probability of correct diagnosis is also calculated when searching for defects during routine repairs. Practically implemented recommendations for ensuring the required values of the indicators of the maintainability of communication facilities are substantiated. The possibility and expediency of using effective methods for diagnostics of secondary power supplies of communication facilities, which consider the sources as objects with many inputs, are shown. This allows the design to take into account the requirements for the maintainability of the product. During routine repairs, the time needed to search for defects is minimized. This is done through a rational choice of diagnostic procedures. When choosing, design features and conditions for restoring performance are taken into account. The proposed block diagram of the algorithm for choosing a diagnostic option minimizes the average recovery time of an object. A specific example of using the results obtained in the development of a conditional diagnostic algorithm for the power supply unit of the exciter and the radio receiver of an average power radio station is given. It is advisable to use the results obtained in the development of diagnostic support for promising communication facilities or in the improvement of existing communication facilities without additional costs

The subject of research is models for constructing image classifiers in the description space as a set of descriptors of key points in the recognition of visual objects in computer vision systems. The goal is to create and study the properties of the image classifier based on the construction of an ensemble of distributions for the components of the structural description using various models of classification decisions, which provides effective classification. Tasks: construction of classification models in the synthesized space of images of probability distributions, analysis of parameters influencing their efficiency, experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of classifiers by means of software modeling based on the results of processing the experimental image base. The applied methods are: ORB detector for formation of keypoint descriptors, data mining, mathematical statistics, means of determining relevance for sets of data vectors, software modeling. The obtained results: The developed method of classification confirms its efficiency and effectiveness for image classification. The effectiveness of the method can be enhanced by the introduction of a variety of types of metrics and measures of similarity between centers and descriptors, by the choice of method of forming centers for reference etalon descriptions, by the introduction of logical processing and compression of the structural description. The best results of the classification were shown by the model using the most important class by the distribution vector for each descriptor corresponding to the mode parameter. The use of a concentrated part of the description data makes it possible to improve its distinction from other descriptions. The use of the median as the center of description has an advantage over the mean. Conclusions. Scientific novelty is the development of an effective method of image classification based on the introduction of a system of probability distributions for data components, which contributes to indepth analysis in the data space and increases in classification effectiveness. The classifier is implemented in the variants of comparing the integrated representation of distributions by classes and on the basis of mode analysis for the distributions of individual components. The practical importance of the work is the construction of classification models in the modified data space, confirmation of the efficiency of the proposed modifications of data analysis on examples of images, development of software models for implementation of the proposed classification methods in computer vision systems.

The object of the research are methods and algorithms of optimizing of the Big Data transformation to build a social profile model, the subject of the research are methods of constructing of a social profile. For decisionmaking person, the problem of scientific methodological and instrumental re-equipment is relevant for the effective fulfillment of a set of managerial tasks and confronting of fundamentally new challenges and threats in society. This task is directly related to the problem of building of a model of the social profile of both the individual and the social group as a whole. Therefore, the problem of optimizing of methods of constructing of a mathematical model of a social profile is certainly relevant. During the research, methods of the mathematical apparatus of graph theory, database theory and the concept of non-relational data stores, Big Data technology, text analytics technologies, parallel data processing methods, methods of neural networks' using, methods of multimedia data analyzing were used. These methods were integrated into the general method, called the method of increasing of the efficiency of constructing of a mathematical model of a social profile. The proposed method improves the adequacy of the social profile model, which will significantly improve and simplify the functioning of information systems for decision-making based on knowledge of the social advantages of certain social groups, which will allow dynamic correction of their behavior. The obtained results of testing the method make it possible to consider it as an effective tool for obtaining of an objective information model of a social portrait of a social group. This is because the correctness of setting and solving of the problem ensured that adequate results were obtained. Unlike the existing ones, the proposed modeling method, which uses an oriented graph, allows to improve significantly the quality and adequacy of this process. Further research should be directed towards the implementation of proposed theoretical developments in real decision-making systems. This will increase the weight of automated decision-making systems for social climate analysis

Objects of critical infrastructure require adequate security. The security systems for such objects have a specific requirements. Fulfilment of part of these requirements can provide by an unattended ground sensor complex which uses seismic sensors. The second part of the requirements can be performed by an unmanned aircraft complex. Therefore, it is seen as practical feasibility to combine these two complexes in one security system with three control zones. The first (Further) and second (Hither) control zones are served by an unattended ground sensor complex. The third control zone (intruder escort zone) is assigned on the data from the unattended ground sensor complex: the type of intruder, his speed and direction of movement. The unmanned aircraft complex is used to perform a security system task in the intruder's tracking area on command from the unattended ground sensor complex. You need to know two question answers to implement such a security system. First, what is the efficiency indicator value of the security system will ensure the combination of the existing complexes with their functionality indicators. And the second, what should be the functionality indicators requirements of these complexes in order for the security system to provide the required performance indicator value. Objective. Therefore, the goal of the article is to show the potential value of the efficiency index of the security system formed from the existing complexes, as well as to assess the possibility of increasing its efficiency. Methods. This goal is achieved by the stochastic model of functional behavior, which should reproduce all variants of the security system components reaction to the crossing of three control zones by intruders. Results. The main result is a discrete-continuous stochastic model of the functional behavior of the critical infrastructure object security system in the form of 76 Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations system. The grade of the stochastic model adequacy makes it possible, in addition to the analysis tasks of the security system effectiveness, to solve the synthesis tasks of functionality indicators of the complex components that are integrated into the security system. Conclusions. Research was conducted have shown that it is impractical to create a security system based on existing unattended ground sensor complexes and unmanned aircraft systems for critical infrastructure objects because of the unacceptably low system efficiency. Based on the synthesis task solution, the functionality indicators values of the each complex components, in particular those that will provide the required value of the security system efficiency indicator, are presented. The stochastic model of the functional behavior of the security system can be used in the information technology of its design to find compromise solutions between different variants of composition, structure and functional behavior of the security system.

The article proposes the use of geospatial information to support managerial decision-making by public authorities in the field of reintegration of temporarily occupied territories in Donetsk, Luhansk regions and Crimea. Variants of application of decision support systems in the management of immovable military property of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the existing algorithms and methods of the decision support system in land relations are analyzed. Proposals are presented to support the adoption of managerial decisions by public authorities on the basis of Earth remote sensing data. The algorithm for the functioning of the decision support system in solving the problems of reintegration of temporarily occupied territories has been improved. The proposed sequence of actions of the method of the process of supporting the adoption of administrative decisions by public authorities in the field of reintegration of temporarily occupied territories using geospatial information, mathematical constructions of category theory and predicate logic. The order of implementation of the sequence of actions of this method is given. By improving and detailing the proposed method, it is possible to form a more effective system for supporting the adoption of managerial decisions by public authorities using geospatial information

The calculation apparatus acceptable for assumptions and simplifications and sufficient for errors of final results for modeling the propagation of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields spread over a certain area was proposed. It is shown that to model the propagation of ultra-low frequency electric and magnetic fields (monitors, uninterruptible power supplies, transformers, electric motors and generators) it is possible to consider these sources as dipole and dipole-quadrupole type sources. That is, the field of the local source can be considered as a combination of electric and magnetic dipoles. This makes it possible to delineate with sufficient accuracy the zones of exceeding the maximum allowable field strengths. The calculation apparatus used to determine the radiation intensities of civil aviation radar equipment was adapted to model the propagation of electromagnetic fields of very high and ultra-high frequencies. The calculations of coefficients that take into account the parameters of radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes for the most common radiation sources are given. These ratios and corresponding coefficients can be used to determine the electromagnetic environment in the presence of many high-frequency sources (mobile communication base stations, navigation equipment, radio relay stations, etc.). The proposed approach allows to automate processes of designing the placement of electromagnetic, electronic and radio equipment in production areas and territories, as well as to assess the environmental impact at the stages of design work. This will make it possible to delineate the isolines of the limits of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of electric magnetic and electromagnetic fields for different frequency ranges and categories of equipment and to automatically determine the electromagnetic load at each point of the controlled space.

The international and European experience in creating and improving integrated systems in the field of occupational safety and health on the basis of research regulatory documents of the International Organization for Standardization, European standards, national standards of Ukraine, industry and methodical documents on management of occupational safety and health of oil and gas complex enterprises is overviewed. The implementation features of OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001 international standards to create an integrated safety management system of professional activity have been studied. The ways of implementing the analyzed requirements in the industry safety standards of occupational activity of oil and gas complex enterprises of Ukraine are considered. A number of hazardous events related to occupational activity at the enterprises: industrial safety, technogenic safety, labour hygiene and safety, ecological safety, psychophysiological safety has been considered and a generalizing scheme of dangers and hazardous events has been created. A model of an integrated management system for occupational safety activities for oil and gas enterprises is proposed based on the involvement of scientific literature, regulatory documents using the structurallogical method, systematization and generalization, and methods of meaningful and comparative analysis. It is proved that the management system, based on the principles of the cyclical model of quality management by E. Deming should include such aspects as: quality and risk management, environmental management, occupational safety management, social responsibility and power management

The paper proposes a system which is electronic data storage (of qualification works of students from different countries) and provides the capability to identify and connect young scientists conducting research on a related problem area. The purpose of developing this system is to provide opportunities for knowledge exchange, research in a team on a common problem, as well as to identify scientific trends in different countries. In this paper, the preprocessing methods influence on the work of classifiers such as Logistic Regression, LSTM, BERT, LightGBM was researched. A study was conducted on the speed of classification and F1 assessment. Conclusions. Lemmatization showed to require a shorter operating time compared to steaming by almost twice and a better score by an average of 5 percent, so it was decided to use the Logistic Regression classifier with lemmatization at the stage of text preparation in the subsequent operation of the proposed ISKE.

The ways of improving the mechanisms of information and analytical support of the command control system in the state of emergency are analyzed. The approach to the application of the ontology of the choice problem for decision-making in the field of law enforcement management using the procedure of integration of information resources based on the binary partial order relation is used. The purpose of the article is to increase the efficiency of decision-making in the management system of the military command in a state of emergency by applying the ontology of the choice problem based on a set of semantically significant results. Results of the research. Analysis and processing of large arrays of information in the field of military command management in a state of emergency should be carried out in an automated mode on the basis of a distributed software environment based on the principles of ontologies. Ontological systems, as a result of the inverse mapping of natural systems, provide the correct aggregation of various thematic processes through the formation of a structured set of information objects-concepts of the subject area, which are defined as a single type of data. The ontological representation of the contexts of units-concepts provides their integrated use in the process of solving complex tasks by the governing bodies of the command in a state of emergency. One of the constructive ways to integrate information resources as passive knowledge systems is to activate their concepts based on the process of forming thematic ontologies and combining these ontologies by building an ontology of the choice problem over them. The uniqueness of the ontology of the choice problem to any homotopy type allows to build the procedure of integration of information resources on the basis of a binary partial order relation. The partial order relation allows to reflect in an integrated way interaction of contexts of the notion-concepts defining subjects of information resources. The contradiction between the increase in the amount of information needed for decision-making in the field of management of interdepartmental critical systems and the constant requirement to reduce the time for its processing in the information-analytical systems has been resolved.

The subject of research in the article is a software security model. The aim of the work is to research the quality characteristics of the software and requirements for the software security in order to improve their safety. The article solves the following tasks: researching the shortcomings of the existing security model in order to identify its main shortcomings; study of the quality characteristics of software that affect its security in order to identify the possibility of improving the quality of software. The following results were obtained: on the basis of the analysis of the existing model of software security, the main features of the attributes of this model were identified, their advantages and disadvantages were given. On the basis of the conducted analytical study, the necessity of improving the existing model of ensuring the security of software has been proved. Existing requirements for software and characteristics that affect its quality are considered. The characteristics of software security are highlighted, the indicators of which should be improved. Conclusions: a software security model has been studied. The need to develop this model is shown by introducing the possibility of adapting the existing requirements for the security of software tools throughout the entire life cycle of software development; the study of the quality characteristics of software showed that to ensure its security, it is necessary to improve the following characteristics: integrity, authentication, confidentiality, access control. However, it was shown that an increase in these characteristics can lead to a deterioration in other indicators of software quality: portability, maintainability, performance.

Relevance. For a given values set of extensive transport network sections lengths an exact method has been developed for finding optimal routes. The method provides an approximate solution when the initial data - are random variables with known distribution laws, as well as if these data are not clearly specified. Fora special case with a normal distribution of the numerical characteristics of the network, solution is brought to the final results. Method. An exact method of deterministic routing is proposed, which gives an approximate solution in case of random initial data. The method is extended to the case when the initial data are described in theory of fuzzy sets terms. The problem of stability assessing of solutions to problems of control the theory under conditions of uncertainty of initial data is considered. Results. A method of optimal routes finding is proposed when the initial data are deterministic or random variables with known distribution densities. A particular case of a probabilistic - theoretical description of the initial data is considered when can be obtained a simple solution of problem. Proposed method for obtaining an approximate solution in the general case for arbitrary distribution densities of random initial data. The situation is common when the initial data are not clearly defined. A simple computational procedure proposed for obtaining a solution. A method for stability assessing of solutions to control problems adopted under conditions of uncertainty in the initial data, is considered.

Direction finding networks have found application in radio monitoring, radio intelligence and passive radar systems. The operation of the direction-finding network in the short-wave range has a number of distinctive features, namely, long range of direction finders (up to several thousand km) due to ionospheric propagation of radio waves and high sensitivity of narrow-band signal receivers. In addition, the distance between direction finders can be hundreds or thousands of kilometers. Therefore the calculations should be carried out due to the location of the direction finders and radio sources on a spherical surface. In this work, analytical relationships are obtained for calculating the accuracy indicators of the estimation of coordinate information (latitude and longitude) at the output of the direction finding network in a rather general form in relation to the features of the short-wave range. The problem is solved in a geographic coordinate system for an arbitrary number of direction finders (two at least) and with their arbitrary location on the surface of Earth. To carry out a comparative analysis and assess the quality of coordinate information for various options for placing direction finders, it is proposed to display accuracy indicators using working zones (for example, round). The use of working areas allows a visual assessment on the map overall spatial pattern for accuracy indicators direction-finding network. The results of the calculation of working areas direction-finding network shortwave when placing it on the territory of Ukraine in the case of the smallest real errors direction-finding, and a mutual separation distance finders maximum permissible selected. The calculation results reflect the limiting possibilities for the accuracy of determining the coordinates of radio emission sources for such a direction finding network with a minimum number of direction finders (3 or 4). The given method of calculating working zones allows for the implementation of the best accuracy indicators to choose a specific option for placing direction finders on the territory of the country, taking into account the influence of all factors (approach of positions, availability of access roads, conditions for accommodating service personnel, etc.). As an example, the work considers 3 options for the location of direction finders with the maximum separation on the territory of Ukraine. The developed technique can also be used for other passive radar systems with direction finding coordinates, when it is necessary to take into account the spherical form of the Earth. Such a system can include two or more aerial reconnaissance aircraft with direction finders on board, as well as one aircraft or unmanned vehicle that determines coordinates by the method of multiple direction finding on the flight route.

The paper deals with the problem of determining the location of an unmanned aerial vehicle from video and photo images taken by surveillance cameras. As the observation area is considered to be sufficiently limited, the area under consideration can be taken as part of a plane. The solution to the problem is based on the construction of a bijective mapping between the known geographic coordinates of three different objects recognized in the images and their coordinates relative to the monitor plane. To this end, the geographical coordinates of the objects (latitude and longitude) are first converted to the Mercator projection, and a bijective mapping is built between the coordinates of the objects calculated in the Mercator projection and the coordinates relative to the camera monitor plane. Then, based on the current orientation angles of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the coordinates of the projection of its position on the monitor plane are calculated, and the geographical coordinates are found by applying the inverse of the constructed bijective mapping.