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Restoring the energy infrastructure damaged due to military aggression requires consistent political leadership, effective planning, financial resources, and human capital. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of human capital formation and justify the directions of its increase. The issue of human capital formation is presented in the article through the prism of the need for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's energy industry on an innovative basis. Within the framework of the economic mechanism of human capital formation for the needs of the energy transition, a critical component is the system of education and science. The authors assessed the "Human capital and research" factor for post-war recovery based on an input-output analysis of the components of the Global Innovation Index for Ukraine. The study showed a decrease in the contribution of the "Human capital and research" factor to the development of the innovative sphere of Ukraine during 2021-2023. The decomposition of the "Human capital and research" factor allowed us to conclude its further weakening by the following components: the total volume of education funding in % of GDP; the average performance of students according to the PISA assessment; coverage of the population by higher education; expenditure on research and development in % of GDP; the success of Ukrainian universities, measured regarding the success of the top 3 universities in the world according to the version of the QS World University Rankings. Based on the results of the analysis, steps aimed at strengthening individual components of human capital are proposed: diversification of non-state participation in both financing and provision of education, in particular through state stimulation of training at the workplace; support of employment with intensive use of knowledge; determination of priority areas of specialist training. State instruments for the implementation of these steps are: the provision of direct budget support in the form of grants and innovative transfers; the provision of state guarantees for enterprise loans obtained for the implementation of innovation and investment projects; the provision of state support for the export of carbon-free energy products; reduction of the corporate income tax base by the volume of innovation costs and personnel training costs.

The purpose of the article is to study the financial and economic aspects of creating sources of shared water use in rural communities, substantiating their feasibility, importance for providing the population with high-quality drinking water and sustainable economic growth. |The article states the fact of deterioration of water supply in rural areas both in quantitative and qualitative aspects. The way out can be seen in the solution of issues regarding the use of underground water, which is better protected than surface water resources, by increasing the number of sources of shared water supply. It has been substantiated that as a result of free water use, rural communities can receive such advantages as the improvement of the quality of drinking water, the efficiency of water resources, use the reliability, security and stability of the water supply source. The measures of financial and economic regulation of the use of groundwater, among which the diversification of funding sources for the renewal of water management infrastructure facilities, the attraction of credit and grant funds to renew the technical and technological base of water management enterprises, and to improve monitoring procedure for the extraction of groundwater from deep wells, have been systematized. The article reflects the results of a survey conducted in order to find out the opinion of the respondents regarding the sources of water intake, the presence of interruptions in the water supply of populated areas of Chernihiv Oblast, the need to create shared water use facilities in the community and the sources of funding for their creation. The vast majority of respondents have reported that in their communities they use wells, their own boreholes and there are interruptions in water supply, there are problems with wells drying up.

This research investigates an adaptive crisis management model designed for the national economy amid informational crises. The model is built on three foundational components: high technology, human capital, and pragma-psychology. It explores how the strategic implementation of information technologies and virtualization can ensure operational continuity and data security, even in the face of economic instability and limited financial resources. The study also highlights the importance of investing in human capital to enhance competitiveness, advocating for continuous workforce development and innovation. Additionally, it examines the role of pragma-psychology in effective crisis management, including decision-making and leadership strategies.The research further addresses the practical aspects of media branding and the establishment of innovation centers, emphasizing their role in supporting economic competitiveness and development.

The aim of the article is to analyze the relevance of the use of human capital in enterprises in the international context. According to the results of the carried out study, it has been found that human capital is becoming a key factor of competitiveness at the international level. The article examines the relevance of the use of human capital in international enterprises and its impact on their competitiveness. Various approaches to the development and training of staff in different countries of the world, in particular in Japan, the USA, Sweden and Germany, are analyzed. Through the analysis of various models of corporate training and staff management, the article highlights the features of each country and the most effective practices. In particular, Japanese domestic study programs, American corporate universities, Swedish financial well-being programs, and the German dual education system are considered. A general analysis of approaches to the use of human capital in Japan, the United States, Sweden and Germany indicates a significant variety of methods and strategies used in enterprises in these countries. At the same time, there is some convergence in efforts to improve personnel policy and use innovative approaches to human capital management. Japan and Germany focus on long-term development and loyalty to the company, the United States on flexibility and adaptation to change, and Sweden on well-being and social responsibility. The study highlights the importance of adapting human capital management strategies to the specific conditions of each country and to the particular sector of the economy, with a focus on ensuring high productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the global market environment. The carried out analysis helps to understand how each country adapts to the challenges of the modern labor market and the development of its staff.

The article examines the priorities and instruments of youth policy in the countries of Western Europe (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland) in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential. In particular, the main characteristic features of the youth policy of Germany (as one of the most progressive and effective not only among Western European countries, but also in the world) are identified: moderate intervention in the life of young people on the side of the State, social partnership between the State and society on the principles of subsidiarity; a combination of social democratic and liberal orientations; high level of democracy; clear structuring by levels: federal, federal state, and local; availability of a strong legislative framework related to the regulation of various issues of young people’s lives. Taking into account the experience of Germany in the distribution of budget financing of youth policy (in particular, its targeting, taking into account local and regional socioeconomic realities and needs), attention is focused on the expediency of applying in Ukraine such an approach to the implementation of the State-based youth policy, taking into account the different conditions and quality of life of domestic youth in different regions of the country (first of all, depending on the distance from the frontline of the war). The priorities and instruments of social protection of youth in Austria are studied (support for the rights of young people to personal development, ensuring the participation of young people in the educational process; providing material and non-material assistance to the unemployed; social support for children under care outside the family; protection of young people from all forms of violence and discrimination; reimbursement of expenses for outpatient and/or inpatient treatment; financing of expenses related to the implementation of residential care for children by foster parents or social pedagogues, etc.). Taking into account the aggravation of the problem of unemployment of the young population in France, the priorities and instruments of the policy of promoting the integration of young people of this country in the labor market, the development of communication skills, etc., are analyzed. The features of the State policy of promoting the development of a culture of youth entrepreneurship, innovation activity, etc., in the countries of Western Europe (in particular, in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) are studied. The results of the study of the priorities and instruments of youth policy of Western European countries in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential made it possible to trace the gradual transition from the provision of the State aid to some of the most vulnerable groups of the young population to the financing of social programs that promote youth cohesion, development and preservation of human potential. Taking into account the best experience in the formation and implementation of youth policy in Western European countries, the priority directions for improving youth policy in Ukraine are named.

The aim of the article is to study the evolution of scientists’ views on the category of human capital and to reproduce the genesis of this scientific category. Human capital is considered in the article as a multifactorial intellectual system that explores the emergence, development, formation and improvement under the influence of objective and subjective factors. The article analyzes the history of the development of economic thought and the evolution of the theory of human capital. A study of the system of scientific tools of representatives of mercantilism, the school of physiocrats, classical political economy, marginalism, neoliberalism, neoclassical theory, Keynesianism, institutional school and neo-institutionalism is carried out and the possibilities of its application in the global context of human development are determined. The objective economic, organizational, historical, scientific-technical, social and institutional prerequisites for the formation of the conception of human capital are defined. The conception of human capital is a new socioeconomic paradigm, the basis for the formation of which was the transition from the traditional economic system of development to the modern or innovative system. Within the framework of the theory of human capital, a person is considered through the prism of economic processes: social production, reproduction, economic activity. This was the basis for the rapid formation and spread of the theory of human capital. Objective reality emphasizes the importance of the formation and effective use of human capital, and significant scientific achievements on this issue confirm the long process of evolutionary development and relevance regardless of time intervals. The directions for further research include the development of methods for assessing human capital, in particular on the basis of the Human Development Index, a powerful tool for analyzing global processes and transformations in society.

The research is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of the transformation of intellectual capital (IC) properties in the pre-war period of the country. The study enhances and categorizes contemporary indicators for assessing intellectual capital properties, classifies indicators based on their qualitative impact on the level of intellectual capital, normalizes indicators for constructing radar charts, and determines the level of intellectual capital in Ukraine. The research identifies the impact level of the dynamics of intellectual capital properties on the country's GDP changes. Methodology: To achieve the set goal, the study employs the dialectical method, analysis, and synthesis (investigation of human, organizational, and structural (client) capitals and changes in their properties), graphical method (for illustrating research results); system-structural and expert analysis (to determine the impacts of changes in intellectual capital properties on GDP). Scientific novelty lies in determining the influence of transformations in intellectual capital properties on GDP changes to define a strategy for optimizing the country's intellectual capital structure. Practical significance involves recommending indicators for assessing IC properties for further development of incentive measures using digital technologies and artificial intelligence to enhance the structure of intellectual capital, providing grounds for developing a strategy for IC optimization in the country.

The current state of socio-economic development, characterized by a radical change in the technical and technological paradigm in a globalized world, is marked by new phenomena and processes. In contrast to previous eras, when the formation of new technological methods of production was based on a small number of breakthrough inventions that changed the structure of production, today we observe an avalanche-like development of inventions, the products of which destroy the stability of all spheres of society. Accordingly, all resources possessed by a modern company must meet the requirements of the time in terms of their quality. Under such conditions, not only intellectual capital but also other components, that enable companies to maneuver in their innovative development, become very important. Based on the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to determining the essence of the categories “structural capital” and “intellectual capital”, the article forms the concept of “national structural capital”. The latter is presented as an infrastructure for the formation, implementation and development of national human capital, an organizational and institutional system for the expanded reproduction of knowledge and skills of members of society. For the quantitative measurement of national structural capital, a methodological framework is proposed, which is based on the integral index of national structural capital created by the authors; its components are justified: knowledge & technology outputs, intangible assets, research & development (R&D), knowledge workers, knowledge absorption. Based on the proposed methodology for determining the integral index of national structural capital, its value was calculated for 26 countries for 2018-2020 and the dynamics for the period under study were shown.

The article is aimed at researching the capitalization of intellectual potential based on the analysis of the indicators of the created multi-level model to increase the efficiency of the use of human resources both in individual organizations and in the country as a whole. Theoretical aspects of intellectual capital management, structural components and approaches to its evaluation have been considered and summarized. It has been determined that insufficient attention is paid to intellectual potential as a capitalization resource in modern research, and the assessment of the capitalization of intellectual potential from the point of view of the income approach causes conflicting opinions among scientists. At the institution of systematization of scientific research, its own view on the concept of “capitalization of intellectual potential” has been substantiated and formed. It has been proven that the management of capitalization processes of human resources at the micro and macro levels is a determining factor of economic development, as it contributes to the growth of the value of assets and the quality and well-being of the population. A multi-level model of the process of capitalization of human potential has been proposed in order to reflect the cyclical transformation of human capital in the creation of added value and to reveal the possibilities of improving the management of the process of capitalization of human potential when combining the resources of education and entrepreneurship. It has been established that the level of capitalization of the intellectual capital of Slovakia is several times lower than the level of capitalization of the labor potential, which indicates a decrease in the prestige of education and the need to deepen the knowledge and skills obtained at the level of general secondary education. Based on the results of the analytical observation, a number of negative factors affecting the indicators of the level of capitalization of intellectual potential have been revealed. It has been established that at the global level, Slovakia’s economy has three times less ability to capitalize intellectual potential than most developed European countries, which indicates a much lower level of competitiveness of Slovakia in terms of attraction, use and development of intellectual potential. Strategies for the development of higher education have only a formal nature, which affects the real management of the system, and long-term priorities are not translated into other areas of the functioning of institutions, such as marketing, partnership development and strategic management of human resources. To date, the topic of cooperation between the educational and business sectors remains one of the most controversial and problematic, since the education system, which has been operating for years, has been rather slow in implementing the latest management methods and does not take into account mutual readiness for cooperation. The need to implement and improve cooperation measures between educational institutions, the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports and the business sector is substantiated.

The article reveals the processes of digitalization of social relations in the sphere of hired labor, which should be evaluated primarily from the point of view of matching the interests of the working person, satisfying his needs, since it is the working person who is the creator of material and spiritual goods. Accordingly, the state is obliged to refrain from arbitrary interference in natural and social processes and focus on its main task: protecting the rights and freedoms of working people who may be threatened by such processes. It is noted that the development of information technologies led to the formation of a new social and labor structure, which is characterized by innovative forms of employment. Digitization is gradually changing the nature of work. And the matter lies not only in the growth of remote work, but also in the emergence of relations, the legal nature of which remains debatable: the spread of crowdworking, work that is organized online with the help of Internet platforms that allow all or part of the work, as a result, to transmit through information and telecommunication networks. All this also requires professional development, professional growth of employees. It is noted that the processes of digitalization of production will require the solution of not only technical, legal, but also ethical problems, which will require the introduction of new rules and a ban on making any decisions based only on information processing without the participation of the employee. Accordingly, this will require not only legislative, but also collective agreement regulation. It is concluded that the introduction of innovative technologies in the labor sphere and their registration in the legal sphere cannot replace the important function of labor law - the social one, which at the same time forms respect for the values of the law, fixed in it by a person. It is from these positions that the so-called «heritage» in labor law with its historically and naturally acquired values should be respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at researching the capitalization of intellectual potential based on the analysis of the indicators of the created multi-level model to increase the efficiency of the use of human resources both in individual organizations and in the country as a whole. Theoretical aspects of intellectual capital management, structural components and approaches to its evaluation have been considered and summarized. It has been determined that insufficient attention is paid to intellectual potential as a capitalization resource in modern research, and the assessment of the capitalization of intellectual potential from the point of view of the income approach causes conflicting opinions among scientists. At the institution of systematization of scientific research, its own view on the concept of “capitalization of intellectual potential” has been substantiated and formed. It has been proven that the management of capitalization processes of human resources at the micro and macro levels is a determining factor of economic development, as it contributes to the growth of the value of assets and the quality and well-being of the population. A multi-level model of the process of capitalization of human potential has been proposed in order to reflect the cyclical transformation of human capital in the creation of added value and to reveal the possibilities of improving the management of the process of capitalization of human potential when combining the resources of education and entrepreneurship. It has been established that the level of capitalization of the intellectual capital of Slovakia is several times lower than the level of capitalization of the labor potential, which indicates a decrease in the prestige of education and the need to deepen the knowledge and skills obtained at the level of general secondary education. Based on the results of the analytical observation, a number of negative factors affecting the indicators of the level of capitalization of intellectual potential have been revealed. It has been established that at the global level, Slovakia’s economy has three times less ability to capitalize intellectual potential than most developed European countries, which indicates a much lower level of competitiveness of Slovakia in terms of attraction, use and development of intellectual potential. Strategies for the development of higher education have only a formal nature, which affects the real management of the system, and long-term priorities are not translated into other areas of the functioning of institutions, such as marketing, partnership development and strategic management of human resources. To date, the topic of cooperation between the educational and business sectors remains one of the most controversial and problematic, since the education system, which has been operating for years, has been rather slow in implementing the latest management methods and does not take into account mutual readiness for cooperation. The need to implement and improve cooperation measures between educational institutions, the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports and the business sector is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the priorities and instruments of youth policy in the countries of Western Europe (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland) in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential. In particular, the main characteristic features of the youth policy of Germany (as one of the most progressive and effective not only among Western European countries, but also in the world) are identified: moderate intervention in the life of young people on the side of the State, social partnership between the State and society on the principles of subsidiarity; a combination of social democratic and liberal orientations; high level of democracy; clear structuring by levels: federal, federal state, and local; availability of a strong legislative framework related to the regulation of various issues of young people’s lives. Taking into account the experience of Germany in the distribution of budget financing of youth policy (in particular, its targeting, taking into account local and regional socioeconomic realities and needs), attention is focused on the expediency of applying in Ukraine such an approach to the implementation of the State-based youth policy, taking into account the different conditions and quality of life of domestic youth in different regions of the country (first of all, depending on the distance from the frontline of the war). The priorities and instruments of social protection of youth in Austria are studied (support for the rights of young people to personal development, ensuring the participation of young people in the educational process; providing material and non-material assistance to the unemployed; social support for children under care outside the family; protection of young people from all forms of violence and discrimination; reimbursement of expenses for outpatient and/or inpatient treatment; financing of expenses related to the implementation of residential care for children by foster parents or social pedagogues, etc.). Taking into account the aggravation of the problem of unemployment of the young population in France, the priorities and instruments of the policy of promoting the integration of young people of this country in the labor market, the development of communication skills, etc., are analyzed. The features of the State policy of promoting the development of a culture of youth entrepreneurship, innovation activity, etc., in the countries of Western Europe (in particular, in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) are studied. The results of the study of the priorities and instruments of youth policy of Western European countries in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential made it possible to trace the gradual transition from the provision of the State aid to some of the most vulnerable groups of the young population to the financing of social programs that promote youth cohesion, development and preservation of human potential. Taking into account the best experience in the formation and implementation of youth policy in Western European countries, the priority directions for improving youth policy in Ukraine are named. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes modern trends in the functioning of the labor market, emphasizes the leading role of the labor market in ensuring the effective functioning of the national economy and shaping the future potential of its development. It is emphasized that the national economy in the conditions of full-scale military aggression feels a significant need for the effective functioning of the domestic labor market, the maximum efficiency of the use of available labor and material resources, which is the basis of ensuring the national security of the state. The existence of a leading role in the digitalization of financial relations during the spread and use of possible monetary instruments of direct and indirect regulation of the labor market, ensuring the productivity of the use of available human capital is substantiated. It has been proven that despite the fairly widespread opinion regarding the gradual replacement by artificial intelligence and robotic technology of a significant part of professions, the performance of which is currently provided by a person, these transformations are still at the stage of formation, and therefore the issues of development and preservation of labor potential do not lose their relevance. The key factors that act as deterrents to the return of the country's population from abroad are summarized, including: security, economic, infrastructural. The presence of systemic transformations of the labor market in modern conditions is emphasized, as well as the leading role of the education system in ensuring rapid adaptation of labor resources to the latest challenges, through qualification improvement, adult training, and the possibility of expanding professional skills. The author's approach to building an adaptive mechanism of monetary regulation of the labor market in conditions of digitalization is proposed, the action of which is aimed at balancing the demand and supply of labor resources, strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy and the ability to form the potential for future development of the state. The leading role of state regulation in over-coming existing imbalances in labor market transformations is well-founded, which requires the implementation of a set of measures to ensure proper conditions for the life of society, the practical implementation of which can be carried out at the expense of monetary instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a critical overview of different conceptions concerning positive business reputation formation. Hence, the aim of the study is to explore the impact of organizational behavior on building positive business reputation as one of the main tasks of chief executive offices. This research employed a qualitative method to obtain a comprehensive understanding of corporate reputation as an intangible and critical asset in sustaining business operations, its formation being a challenge of organizational behavior management. The topicality of the investigation problem makes it necessary to analyze the effect of organizational behavior on company’s performance as far as managing business reputation in conditions of growing expectations by versatile stakeholder groups. Among the main determinants of business reputation management risks is insufficient internal and external communication between various functions and structures, with their own, sometimes contradictory, beliefs and expectations. When expectations change and the nature of the company remains the same, the gap between reputation and reality widens and risks increase. No less important is the responsibility of management for the formation and protection of business reputation, as well as the possession of appropriate methods and tools for measuring reputational risk. The issue of a robust causal link between the behavior and reputation of a company becomes even more obvious in the process of developing staff loyalty. A refined synthesis of the literature on the relationship between employee loyalty and organizational performance in the context of risk management highlights various indicators of employee loyalty to the company and organizational performance. However, the problem of managerial levers that can consolidate or improve organizational efficiency requires further research. The results obtained show that employee loyalty is a strategic tool of organizational behavior management to increase the organization's bottom line. This research contributes to staff loyalty management as a process that allows the organization to optimize its human capital, increase the efficiency of the organization performance and the personnel involvement in the work, that is, to form high-level staff loyalty.

The article outlines the approaches and basic principles of forming a new social policy, which Ukraine should pursue in post-war reconstruction. It was determined that the primary goal of such policy should be a change in the paradigm of interaction between the government and society, which would ensure a transition to more pragmatic and effective relations between these parties, social compensation to alleviate social contradictions, as well as “depreciation” of conflicts. The authors emphasized that social protection should become less aimed at providing benefits and assistance to people experiencing poverty and more emphasis on supporting the self-help of Ukrainians. The focus is not only on delivering consumer goods but also on stimulating initiative and self-sufficiency skills. The article outlines the goals and tasks of the new social policy, which consist of restoring public trust in the state, comprehensive transformation of approaches to wages, taxes and social insurance, promotion of adequate employment, ensuring real efficiency of social expenditures, unification of efforts of society, business, and government. The new social policy’s principles should be determined: humanism and social justice, systematicity and comprehensiveness, preventive measures, targeting, adaptability, and multi-subjectivity. The authors suggested mechanisms for implementing the new social policy, among which a special place is taken by a social dialogue based on a four-way (employees, employers, state, local self-government bodies) and four-level (national, branch, territorial and local) model. Corporate social responsibility is defined as a means of deepening social dialogue and the need for its implementation in the form of a national policy model and its normative consolidation, as well as strengthening the joint efforts of business, the state, and civil society organizations to implement such a model, is emphasized.

The article examines the current state and main trends in the development of Ukrainian households under the influence of russian aggression and outlines the main investment opportunities of households in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The study is aimed at identifying the opportunities for transforming household savings into an investment resource for economic development based on an analysis of the current state of Ukrainian households in the process of post-war recovery. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scholars on this topic. The set aim was achieved by a sequential problem solving using the dialectical, historical, and logical approaches. The investment behavior of households is formed under the influence of many factors. Investment decisions are influenced by internal factors such as the age structure of the household, its financial situation, educational level and the availability of investment skills of household members, etc. The formation of financial resources and investment potential of households is also influenced by macro-environment factors, e. g.: trends in economic globalization, expansion of labor markets, migration processes, etc. Household investment resources will be of strategic importance for the national economy during the post-war recovery. Among the priority tasks that need to be addressed for more effective attraction of household savings (including those with labor migrants) as an investment resource for the recovery and development of the country’s economy are: increasing the level of financial literacy of the population; stimulating the development of the stock market and simplifying households’ access to government bonds and other financial instruments; development of mechanisms for attracting financial resources of migrants and representatives of the diaspora that are considered as investments in the development of local social and infrastructure projects. Taking into account foreign experience, further scientific research is required on the creation of the necessary conditions for the reproduction and development of human capital by households (taking into account demographic changes and migration flows), the growth of household savings (including those with labor migrants) and the development of stimulating mechanisms for their transformation into investment capital for the reproduction and development of the economy of Ukraine at both the State and local levels.

It is determined that the economic nature of such a phenomenon as recession of any economy always outlines the alternative choice: the model of institutional inertia for the sake of protecting the internal ecosystem of a national economy or changing its configuration for the purposes of transformation and strategic development. It is concluded that the need to overcome the system challenges facing the Ukrainian economy and ensure sustainable development in the current conditions proves the expediency of intensifying the formation of a public system of innovations and, too, of strengthening the strategic scientific and technological forces. By deepening the reform of scientific and technical education, it is necessary to form a system of technological innovations, which considers enterprises as subjects of the innovations, which is market-oriented and provides an in-depth integration of production organizations, universities and research institutions. It is expedient to strengthen support for small and medium-sized enterprises in their innovative activities, to stimulate the commercialization of the results of scientific and technological activities, to form an innovative culture, a culture of protection and use of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to train a large contingent of strategically valuable scientific and technical personnel of the international level, leaders of scientific and technological activities, young specialists in the field of science and technology, to create high-level innovative teams. The creation of a modernized economic system is an urgent requirement due to the need to overcome barriers and the strategic goal of development. It is necessary to put quality first, giving priority to efficiency.

The aim of the article is to analyze the existing approaches to determining the essence of the intellectual capital of an organization and its structure. According to the results of the carried out analysis of interpretations of the category of «capital of enterprise», it is determined that such a capital is considered as resources (financial, material, intangible) that, in turn, form the enterprise’s assets; the accumulated values in the form of fixed assets, intangible assets, marketable securities, inventory assets; the accumulated values both in the form of money and the tangible, intangible and financial components. The results of the further study of the interpretation of the category of «intellectual capital» by domestic and foreign researchers showed the existence of the following basic approaches to the consideration of intellectual capital: as the sum of knowledge of employees that can be assessed and can bring additional profit to the enterprise; as a result of employees’ intellectual work – intellectual products together with resources of the enterprise; as intangible assets of the enterprise; as economic relations that arise in the process of both formation and use of the intellectual resources of the enterprise. The authors draw the conclusion that the category of «intellectual capital» acquires a fairly broad meaning. It includes the human capital of the organization, which is its most dynamic and complex component and provides the basis for the formation of structural capital. In other words, intellectual capital means all the intellectual resources and capabilities of the enterprise, which constitute the source of the future income and represent a factor in terms of the growth of market value. Prospects for further research in this direction are consideration of intellectual capital in the context of its impact on the formation of enterprise potential.

The aim of the study is to identify the impact of digital competencies of human capital on the formation of enterprise digitalization strategies. The article proposes the division of digital competencies into basic, functional, operational competencies, and competencies of the owner. The strategies of digitalization of enterprises, further divided into strategy of digitalization of business processes, strategy of digitalization of products, strategy of digitalization of enterprise, and strategy of digital outsourcing, have been allocated. In the course of the study, applying the methodology for analyzing priorities, a hierarchy of goals, criteria and alternatives for the formation of digital competencies is built. The dependencies of digital competencies of human capital of machine-building enterprises have been formed with consequent separating the digitalization strategies. A pairwise comparison of criteria is carried out on the principle of assessing the relative importance of one of the criteria relative to the other according to the scale proposed by T. Saaty. The article defines an indicator of random consistency. Based on the above methodology, the corresponding indicators were computed using a pairwise comparison, thus allowing to identify the role of each of the criteria (digital competencies) in the implementation of subcriteria (digitalization strategies). The article specifies that the presence of digital competencies in the owner determines the depth of penetration of digital technologies into the processes of production and economic activity. It is noted that the effectiveness of introduction of digital technologies correlates with the development of digital competencies of the owner, who can act as a generator of future digital changes in the enterprise. A structuring of digital competence priorities for each of the strategies is carried out to identify the role of each of the group of digital competencies in the implementation of digitalization strategies of machine-building enterprises. The global priorities of strategic alternatives in the development of digital competencies of employees of a machine-building enterprise are determined. The article identifies requirements for types of digital competencies for each of the strategies and groups them according to the requirements for their scope.

The article is aimed at substantiating the process of formation of human capital through the development of the dual system of education. The article analyzes the main factors that affect the development and formation of human capital of an agricultural enterprise. The accumulation of human capital through the formation of an effective system of training, material and moral stimulation and motivation of staff, which gives the enterprise an advantage in the relevant market segment, is substantiated. The issue of the place of the individual in the development of the strategy of human capital formation is considered both in the individual development trajectory and at the enterprise level. In this regard, the main factors of innovative development of economy in the current conditions of economic management are analyzed. The efficiency of the dual training system is calculated through the analyzed standard methods for assessing human capital and it is revealed that this system is influenced only by wages. Therefore, it is proposed to take into account other costs incurred by the enterprise, such as the «social package» – the compensation provided to the employee, except for wages. Indicators of efficiency of human capital of enterprise are proposed, with the help of which managers can constantly monitor and increase the level of human capital, which will result in an increase in the value and income of enterprise. The issue of public-private partnership in the field of vocational education, which the State should use, was raised. The costs of forming human capital in such a partnership are distributed between the individual, enterprises and the State, where everyone assumes a certain share of risks. The main task is the transition of education from the public sphere to the public-private sphere.

The purpose of the article is the analysis of capital valuation methods in the integrated reporting of enterprises and the formation of an appropriate system of indicators for determining the value of the business. A condition for displaying capital in integrated reporting is their assessment, i.e. characterization using a system of relevant indicators. The analysis of scientific publications and integrated reports of enterprises showed that there are different approaches to the assessment of each type of capital. For this, both financial (monetary and non-monetary) and non-financial indicators are used. Quantitative indicators are very important for explaining the practice of the organization's use of various capitals and their changes. Qualitative indicators help to better disclose information for capital evaluation. There is no formalized or generally recognized list of indicators for characterizing enterprise capital. Therefore, enterprises must independently determine them, based on the type of their economic activity. Likewise, there is no unanimity regarding the methods of capital assessment for their reflection in integrated reporting. Their choice depends on the selected indicator system. The proposed division of indicators into general and additional allows for a more systematic approach to the development of their system by types of capital. In addition, it is advisable to take into account that certain indicators can be used to characterize two or more capitals. The obtained results open up new areas of further research that will help answer questions about the formation of the total value of business, in particular: definition and systematization of a list of universal indicators of capital assessment in integrated reporting (general), which can be used at enterprises regardless of their type of activity (or/and which are most relevant for providers of financial capital); a more detailed analysis of how the value of each of the capitals at enterprises is formed and their impact on the overall value of the business; determination of capital valuation methods and approaches that can be used to reliably determine business value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at studying the analytical prerequisites for efficient management of enterprise personnel as human capital in the context of activation of economic activity of enterprise in foreign markets. The article specifies that the contemporary category of «human capital» has several definitions and is constantly being updated. Thus, it was defined that nowadays the human capital of an enterprise represents a set of qualitative characteristics of a person, an object of investment, part of the total capital, a stock or a set of individual potentials of a person, and can also be considered as an opportunity to use the knowledge and skills of employees. During the study, it was emphasized that today it is the company’s personnel that allows building competitive advantages and achieving results in the professional activities of the enterprise. The authors summarize that this issue is especially relevant for enterprises operating in international markets, since the qualification of an employee should allow timely response to drastic changes that are characteristic of markets of such scale and be responsible of making effective business decisions. The article highlights the currently relevant methods and criteria for analyzing human capital in an enterprise. In particular, the main goals and stages of analyzing the state of the personnel of a company which has a foreign economic vector, are identified. Attention was focused on the difference in the assessing and accounting of personnel (human capital) in national and foreign practices and noted that there is no specific set and uniform indicators for assessing human capital at the enterprise level. In continuation of this statement, the article considers quantitative and qualitative indicators in the context of a comprehensive assessment of human capital of an enterprise – subject of foreign economic activity. In the course of the study, the main quantitative indicators (coefficients) of the impact of human capital on the development of the enterprise were analyzed: the coefficient of seniority, the stability coefficient, the health coefficient, the coefficient of professional growth, the coefficient of personnel education. In accordance with the normative values of such indicators, the necessary managerial decisions and actions in each of the simulated situations were interpreted. As a result of the study, the importance of taking into account the quality of personnel (human capital) for making managerial decisions at enterprises – subjects of foreign economic activity was emphasized.

The physical and economic theory is under-investigated and has no clear definition of its determinants. The main goal of the economic activity of any country is the generation of capital and progress. Azerbaijan is characterised by economic growth, which is accompanied by the country's material resource usage and production of goods by using energy resources and a labour force. The rational use of material resources is quite important, which is the basis for the formation of the country's profitability and the introduction of innovations. That is why the issue of physical economic theory implementation in the economic activity of Azerbaijan is relevant. Establishing the effective use of physical economics in the functioning of the country will help identify the main flaws and develop the main ways to improve the economic activity of Azerbaijan. That is why the study aims to investigate and generalise the aspects of physical economic theory implementation in the economic activity of Azerbaijan. By using the induction method, the determinants of the physical economy were established, which include indicators of industry, energy, trade, and human capital. The analytical method determined that although the economy of Azerbaijan employs a physical economy efficiently, there are problems with the development of production, energy consumption, and labour force. As such, it was determined that the main ways to improve the efficiency of the physical economic theory implementation in the economic activity of Azerbaijan should be: the development and implementation of measures to increase the efficiency of beverage and tobacco, mineral fuel, lubricant, and related material production and employment of measures to reduce energy consumption in the production of non-metallic minerals, iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical products, non-ferrous metals through the introduction of innovative technologies. At the same time, the number of jobs should be increased, the skills of workers should be developed, and the quality of education in Azerbaijan should be improved following international standards. As such, the practical value of the research is predetermined by the characterisation of the main determinants of the physical economy of the country, which can be used in further scientific research to analyse the effectiveness of the physical economic theory implementation in the economic activity of countries

In this era of globalization, human capital as human capital is a determining factor in ensuring social and cultural progress. Human capital is able to develop itself and contribute to understanding the problems that exist in science and high technology, social, and modern economy. In creating quality education, it is determined by the role of human capital, namely the teacher as a role holder in the world of education who has the ability of intellectual capital to transfer knowledge. The quality of human capital will determine the quality of the transfer of knowledge. This study uses qualitative research so that it will produce descriptive data. This study was carried out in a Junior High School in the Malang district. 67% of human capital has carried out skills development in the form of online learning media training, 50% participated in training dissemination from teachers who had attended training, and as many as 33% had never participated in scientific activities. This shows that the quality and motivation of teachers as human capital in self-development is quite high.

The article is aimed at studying human capital in order to create a model for assessing human capital to achieve higher enterprise efficiency and enhance its competitiveness in the market. The results of scientific and thematic studies on the concept, elements and methods of evaluating human capital have been determined and summarized. It has been determined that the approaches of individual authors, companies and analytical institutions are different, and there is a frequent use of simpler indicators that can be calculated based on the financial statements of companies. In particular, Armstrong notes that there is a difference in how human resource management is theoretically described and how it is applied in practice. The mere replacement of the term “personnel management” with the term “human resource management” does not mean that managers actually apply the main components of the philosophy of human resource management in their approach. From the definition of human capital, it follows that its components are knowledge, experience, skills, talent, competencies, etc. These components simultaneously become the main object of effective management in companies and give names to specific types of management, such as knowledge management, talent management, competent management, anti-crisis management, generation management, etc. The resulting model inherently covers separate blocks for assessing human capital efficiency at two levels, summarizing the theoretical starting points. This is the procedural side of evaluating the effectiveness of the LK itself, which is the central part of the complex approach of the MLK, taking into account its specifics, based on their identification, definition and comparison of opinions about this concept described in the professional literature and other sources. It has been proven that the components of human capital are the main objects of effective management in companies that change the strategic vector aimed at achieving the maximum possible profit, towards creating company value, using non-financial categories. The close relationship between the competitiveness of an enterprise with the use of unique human capital resources has substantiated. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of human capital is proposed in order to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market, taking into account external and internal influencing factors. It has been established that the implementation of measures to assess the effectiveness of human capital can lead to the following effects: a decrease in undesirable turnover of personnel with a high level of human capital, in the development of which funds have already been invested; support of labor motivation of employees through a fairly established remuneration; exchange of knowledge and experience directly related to labor activity, which is a potential opportunity for the stable development of the human capital of the enterprise; improving the image of the enterprise through the introduction of new technologies; creation of a new product based on the results of monitoring competitors’ products and in accordance with modern requirements and customer expectations; positioning the company as a sought-after employer, which is a guarantee of obtaining and retaining qualified personnel.

Just as it is difficult for individual employees to determine a method of self-evaluation, it is also difficult for companies to develop an ideal approach for evaluating the effectiveness of their personnel management systems. This indicates that research in this scientific field is actively conducted by both practitioners and scientists. Evaluation of the effectiveness of personnel management is a systematic, formalized process that provides an opportunity to compare actual work results with strategic goals and focusing on modern, effective methods of personnel management, which significantly contribute to the fulfillment of the company’s mission. The HR performance evaluation system provides information on the strengths and weaknesses of the company’s HR activities and identifies the necessary, result-oriented recommendations and action algorithms to eliminate deficiencies and overcome identified problems. Modern conditions have transformed the process approach, which has caused changes in the personnel management evaluation system. The study of scientific and theoretical works shows the existence of a large arsenal of labor indicators that are used for analysis, but they do not fully meet the modern requirements of the system for evaluating the effectiveness of personnel management. The purpose of the study is to improve the model of HR business processes of a modern enterprise and generalize the methods and indicators for evaluating the personnel management system in terms of business processes. To achieve the goal, theoretical scientific research and recommendations of practitioners regarding the introduction of HR business processes were analyzed. The main HR metrics were developed for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the personnel management system. The results of improving HR business processes and evaluating their effectiveness enable the company to save time and resources, ensure business productivity and effectiveness, improve product or service quality, increase sales volumes, reduce costs and increase profits, increase the loyalty of staff, customers and partners, and increase competitiveness and improve its reputation. For implementing this, there is a need to develop detailed guidelines for evaluating each HR process, by taking into account qualitative and quantitative indicators. However, this is the subject of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The viability of the socioeconomic environment directly depends on the level of development, quality and reliability of infrastructure. In these circumstances, the role of self-organization of communities is growing, which requires, on the one hand, reasonable prioritization in the social spheres and development of infrastructure of life activities, etc. (consistent with the goals and objectives of the development strategy), and on the other hand, assessment of the own and the potential sources of ensuring the implementation of these priorities, which can be made through the development of self-sufficient innovative communities. The aim of the study is to determine the substantial content of the infrastructure and service methodology and its potential in the context of post-war recovery. The infrastructure and service approach involves maximum satisfaction of human needs and requests, as well as the creation of conditions for work and life, and is focused on meeting the needs of the community through attracting and retaining human resources through the development of services and infrastructure. The infrastructure and service approach is focused on adapting the management of the development of innovative communities to the problems of sustainable development as such, which opens up opportunities for studying promising organizational and economic mechanisms for managing service orientation, based on assessing the impact of status changes as a result of military hostilities in the economic space and its effects on the quality of life, living space and human capital. The methodology of the infrastructure and service approach is based on the ideas of the geography of innovations, combining the methods of economic geography, regional economy and innovatics and explores the spatial patterns of creation, implementation and dissemination of new ideas, technologies, products, as well as the impact of these processes on regional (local) development. From these positions, the infrastructure and service approach is relevant, because it relies on the potential of the territories and is aimed at more intensive use of its own capabilities. The infrastructure and service methodology for the development of innovative communities implies the understanding that innovations cover not only technological changes, but also changes in organizational, labor and social practices as those that can potentially affect the well-being of human capital of communities. Service modeling involves describing all processes in communities of different typologies in order to take these processes into account while projecting. Infrastructure and service projecting is the process of organizing space in such a way that economic agents interact as smoothly and efficiently as possible within innovative communities. In this context of the project, service innovations will be considered at the local level as an integration totality of basic factors of living standards, socioeconomic conditions, characterizations of innovative business entities, innovation infrastructure, cluster and network connections. The authors believe that for infrastructure development at the decent level, it is necessary to maximize the existing potential of the community, which is as most effectively possible through the development of innovative communities. Within the terms of practical implementation of the infrastructure and service methodology for the development of innovative communities, it is advisable to consider the hypothesis that development at the regional level should be carried out through a combination of smart-specialization strategies and the objectives of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at forming provisions of the conception of transformation of the innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities (EIAEE), taking into account research by scientists and practitioners, current legislative orders of the State in the sphere of economy, practices of functioning and development of this activity, substantiation of expediency of implementation of these provisions in the wartime and post-war conditions. The article briefly analyzes the state of economy in Ukraine in the current conditions. A grouping of conceptions of innovative development by directions is provided. The concepts of «development» and «innovative development» are closer defined. The following provisions of the conception of transformation of innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities under conditions of limited activity are substantiated: 1) in the conditions of wartime and in the post-war period, the assistance of developed countries and international organizations accelerates the innovative development of the EIAEE in Ukraine; 2) government management of investments promotes innovative development of export-import activities; 3) transformation of innovation development of the EIAEE will take place in several stages; 4) with the help of innovative development of the EIAEE, a systemic economic strategy for the country’s recovery is successfully implemented; 5) government support for the development of entrepreneurial activity contributes to the innovative development of the EIAEE; 6) new signs of innovative development of the EIAEE are the training through export, digitalization of this activity, innovative competitiveness of human capital, increase of innovatively active enterprises, differentiation of the origin of investments and verification of their purity, transition in international trade from off-shoring to friend-shoring, establishment of criteria for determining friendly investments; 7) the results of evaluation, analysis, diagnostics, monitoring of innovative development of the EIAEE create an analytical basis for wartime risk insurance instruments, which is one of the prerequisites for attracting foreign direct investment; 8) formation of a sufficient level of export-import potential ensures innovative development of the EIAEE and its sustainability; 9) in the process of international scientific and technical cooperation, innovative development of the EIAEE is carried out; 10) management of innovation development of the EIAEE consists in choosing the best option for this development; 11) competitiveness ensures the innovative development of the EIAEE. These provisions create a scientific basis for the development of effective management programs, measures at all levels of management both in the war and the post-war situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of professional development, employment and academic career in the USA. It is emphasized that for the successful development of an academic career, it is necessary to apply a systematic approach, in particular, to take into account personal development, continuous learning and career management. The practice of the American National Association for Career Development is considered, the prerequisites and resources for career growth are determined. Presented are practical tools for self-assessment and diagnosis of career paths, an opportunity for researchers at various career stages to participate in a mentoring program for leadership development, sharing experiences, planning and achieving goals, supporting continuous career growth and lifelong learning. The article analyzes the experience of organizing professional development and of support for career of employees in leading USA universities: Harvard University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Attention is focused on the joint mission of the institutions, which consists in the value for human capital development through the comprehensive realization of the potential of each individual, the creation of favourable conditions for life and professional growth, decent financial support and career growth prospects. It is noted that the main trends in the development of the academic career and employment of graduates of the mentioned institutions in the USA include internal mobility, professional development, continuous training and professional development, organization and activity of professional networks, career coaching, mentoring program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocational education is a system that aims to improve existing resources, knowledge, and skills, as well as opportunities for unmotivated young people to continue their education. Individuals benefit from vocational education because it prepares them for the labor market and increases their chances of a successful professional career. In this regard, the issue of vocational education in our country has recently taken on a more serious tone, and attention has been drawn back to this field. The importance of vocational education in employment in advanced countries around the world justifies the development of vocational education in our country. Since young people must be able to continue their lives by participating in business life, making a necessary contribution to development, and meeting the needs of enterprises for qualified workers, in this context, it is important for young people in our country to receive qualified education, employment and participate in public life. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of the newly created vocational education institution – Gabala State Vocational Education Center, on the employment of graduates and to recommend proposals to increase the efficiency of the vocational education system in the participation of graduates in work life.

In the conditions of the knowledge economy, the most important source of competitive advantages of the organization is human capital. The human capital development is based on the relevant management culture to provide proper material and technical prerequisites for motivating both high activity culture standards and productive performance. Hence efficient organizational culture of modern business environment affects almost all aspects of the organization activities and is a must for human capital formation. The need to understand the role of organizational culture as an effective strategic tool in the management of organizational processes in the modern business environment actualizes the topic of this study and determines the goal - to analyze the significance of organizational culture in transforming human potential into human capital as a social resource that makes efficient production and innovation possible. The specified goal presupposes the setting of a number of tasks to identify the essence of such concepts as "corporate culture", "human capital" and "human potential" and to analyze their interdependence in the process of functioning and development of modern business organizations. Methodology. General scientific methods are used to substantiate the theoretical positions and reasoning of the conclusions. The system method allows to consider the nature and instrumental role of organizational culture for the manager to transform the human potential into the human capital of the organization. The results of the study indicate the complex nature of the organizational culture phenomenon as a factor in the developing and managing human capital: on the one hand, it is a tool for transforming human potential into the human capital of the organization, on the other hand, it is an integral attribute of human capital itself.

The aim of this study is to investigate the human capital in the context of innovative ecosystems, determine the structure and state of investment in human capital in Ukraine and provide recommendations on ways to activate investment for the development of an innovative ecosystem. To solve research issues were used articles, statistical information, and databases to which were applied comparison methods, analytical and tabular methods to visualize the analysis of data. The results of the study show that there is a direct relationship between the level of economic development of the country and the number of innovative products created, which is confirmed by the analysis of indicators of global indices. Despite the strengths that have an impact on domestic innovation development, Ukraine is not an innovation leader and its indicators have been deteriorating in recent years, which indicates the lack of use of available innovation potential and the unstable economic and political situation in the country. A comparative analysis of the Human Capital Index showed that the values for Ukraine remained unchanged for a decade. This is influenced by problems of investing in education and healthcare, without which the functioning of the innovation ecosystem is impossible. Currently, the country is experiencing a constant decline in the population, which is associated with high mortality, low birth rates and short life expectancy. The study found that while education costs rose before the full-scale invasion, the number of educational institutions steadily declined due to the closure of schools with a few students. A similar trend continues in the healthcare sector, where, with a relatively stable number of visitors, hospital facilities are being reduced. As a final point, a conclusion involving that the main component of the innovation ecosystem is human capital, which is involved in the creation and production of innovative goods and services and can generate income. The main task for the country today is to attract additional investment in human capital, which will help reduce the burden on the state and help in creating and developing innovative industries that will increase the country's competitiveness in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The article summarizes the practical aspects of the policy of foreign states regarding the involvement of Ukrainian youth and the factors regulating their migration mobility with the aim of preserving the human capital of Ukraine in the conditions of russian aggression. Results. A significant increase in external migration flows among Ukrainian citizens as a result of hostilities and a deep socio-economic crisis in Ukraine had a significant impact on the demographic situation in the state and its regions, led to significant changes in the sex-age structure of the population, a rapid reduction in domestic demand and labor supply, changed the level of population concentration in many regions and caused a number of other significant challenges. However, the problem of migration of Ukrainian youth has become particularly important, since this category of the population is the most active and mobile, but also the least socially and psychologically protected, so it needs special support from the state and public institutions. High migratory mobility of young people to recipient countries can contribute to increasing financial income from tuition fees, integrating educational institutions into the international educational and scientific system, reducing costs for training and education of qualified specialists, increasing the concentration of labor potential, developing the industrial complex, stimulating economic growth, reduction of labor shortage, growth of GDP, increase of revenues to the state budget. But at the same time, it also has the opposite negative effect, which, in particular, is manifested in the growth of competition in the educational services and labor markets, the decrease in the number of jobs, the spread of unemployment, especially among young people without work experience, etc. The article is devoted to the study of effective ways of regulating the migration mobility of Ukrainian youth. The impact of the migration of Ukrainian youth caused by russian aggression on the human capital of Ukraine and the formation of opportunities for its preservation is evaluated. The authors outlines ways to form a rational migration and social policy, which will allow implementing an effective scenario of managing Ukraine’s youth potential at both at the national and regional levels. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the policy of many foreign countries regarding attracting the potential of Ukrainian youth is analyzed. The article outlines the initiatives of foreign scientific and educational institutions to support Ukrainian youth and their adaptation to the educational and social processes of recipient countries. Practical value. Based on the assessment of the migration mobility of the Ukrainian youth and the analysis of the main initiatives of foreign countries regarding the attraction of its potential in the environment of the recipient countries, recommendations were developed to regulate the migration mobility of the Ukrainian youth in order to preserve the human capital of Ukraine and provide opportunities for its reproduction and further development.

Tourism has become one of the fastest-growing sectors in the economies of many countries worldwide since the second half of the twentieth century and an important tool in achieving overall economic prosperity. Today, governments, private entities, and individuals recognize the value of human capital in increasing tourism revenue and accelerating economic development in economies where tourism development is a priority. In this context, efforts to develop human capital, in addition to tourism, should be stepped up. Human capital development is a widely accepted policy for increasing international competitiveness, particularly in developing countries. In this regard, it is preferable to define the role of human capital in the article in order to improve the tourism potential in liberated territories.

The aim of this work was to identify the development trends for the digital development economy during military conflicts in the case of Ukraine. The statistical processing of data from the World Bank and other official sources was applied. The Human Capital Index, the Network Readiness Index, the Digital Competitiveness Ranking, and the Innovation Index were considered. Their dependence on the Global Peace Index was also studied. It was found that the level of development digital economy of Ukraine did not decrease despite the annexation of part of the territory and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, as the readiness of networks did not decrease compared to the pre-war period. The Human Capital Index and the intensity of the introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of life and production have not changed. A certain decrease in investments in research and inventions was established, which may have a negative impact on the development of the digital economy in the future. The conducted research identified trends for digital economy development during military conflicts. These include retaining human capital and its development, the introduction of innovations at all stages of employment, and the support and rapid restoration of the conditions required for digital activity. The results of this study have theoretical and practical significance, as they expand the research methodology of digital economy development in extreme conditions. The study had limitations determined by the lack of some 2022 statistics caused by unfavourable conditions for obtaining reliable data.

The importance of researching the problem is due to the growing processes of world globalization, in the conditions of which the issue of effective development of higher education has gained special relevance. Thus, the global processes taking place in the world over the past 30 years drew attention to the problems of education and proved their direct impact on the economic situation in the middle of European countries. It was established that the reaction of European countries to the world’s dynamic changes caused by global challenges was the modernization of national higher education systems and the creation of the European Higher Education Area. This is primarily related to the search for mechanisms to improve the quality of higher education and scientific research in European universities, the need for the formation of high-quality human capital and the achievement of the strategic goal of forming a «Europe of knowledge», which articulates, among others, high requirements for the level of qualifications of employees. It was established that the development of the European area of higher education has become one of the directions of modernization of the European educational system and the most successful project of the EU since its creation. It is shown that the key role in the formation of a common educational space belongs to the decisions made within the framework of the Bologna process, which determined the main trends in the further development of education and the countries of Europe and activated the beginning of the movement of national educational systems towards unified criteria and standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of thе presented article is to outline the role of the education system in the formation of human capital, the development of which is a prerequisite for the economic growth of the country. The article carries out a study of the theory of human capital as a defining component that ensures the process of development and accumulation of human capital, on which, in turn, the competitiveness of the country and its place in the world environment depend. The importance of educational resources in the creation of human capital is disclosed. The role of investments in human capital, and, in particular, in the educational process, is revealed. The relationship between the level of education and the employee’s salary is characterized. The main directions of influence of human education on the economic growth of the country are distinguished. The article specifies some recommendations that will ensure guarantees of the preservation of the education sector as a factor in the formation of high-quality human capital of the country. Education is defined as a fundamental form of investment in human capital. Lifelong education provides conditions for the formation of a qualified young worker as an individual and a professional in the chosen direction of training and further work at any enterprise. The main task of education is to provide the country with high-quality human capital for effective economic growth. Education has a positive influence on the labor market not only because it increases the competitiveness of workers, but because it accumulates potentially unoccupied young people. It is emphasized that the development of education and training contributes to solving such important tasks of socioeconomic development as accelerating the pace of economic growth, mitigating inequality in the distribution of incomes, improving the quality of the national labor force, directly reducing unemployment and preventing it in the future.

Purpose. This study aims to examine the relationship between human capital and environmental destruction. Methodology / approach. The analysis includes 56 years between 1961 and 2017 for 14 selected European countries. In the model established for the variables, the ecological footprint is used as the dependent variable, human capital and real national income per capita are used as independent variables. To select the appropriate test method in the analysis, we used the CADF panel unit root test, which considers the cross-sectional dependence. The Pooled Mean Group was used for model estimation. Results. In the study, it is emphasized that human capital has an important contribution to reducing the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental pollution. According to the results of the PMG co-integration analysis, the increase in human capital reduces the ecological footprint in European countries. Since the European countries are developed ones, the availability of a good educational infrastructure is an important factor. It increases human capital. In addition, the high level of education and welfare in European countries is effective in increasing the number of environmentally sensitive individuals. This increases the environmental quality and therefore is an important factor in reducing the ecological footprint. Originality / scientific novelty. There are no studies in the literature examining the relationship between human capital and the ecological footprint of European countries. Therefore, this study closes a gap in the literature and takes its originality from the relationship between human capital and ecological footprint in European countries. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results is that human capital reduces the ecological footprint by protecting natural resources, exhibiting a more environmentally friendly behavior, and realizing production that will minimize the damage to the environment.

The purpose of the article is to study preliminaring (involvement in work through practical training and internship of promising young professionals) as the latest method of finding and selecting employees in enterprises. The scientific works of many researchers are analyzed, the main problems faced by managers of organizations in the field of personnel administration are considered, namely: staff shortages in many areas of activity, which leads to the search for new methods of recruitment. Analyzing the most popular technologies for finding personnel, it should be emphasized that, unfortunately, preliminaring is not a popular way of recruiting, as the labor market develops and becomes more saturated, and therefore companies want to lure only qualified workers with many years of experience who can quickly start working. Therefore, as a result of the study, the main advantages and disadvantages of preliminaring are outlined. The key stages of this process are described, as well as the main tasks that preliminaring solves, and the conditions under which it is advisable to use it. The authors determine in percentage terms the use of various recruitment methods by modern enterprises, among which should be highlighted the following: headhunting, direct search, screening, recruiting, and preliminating. The main actions on the part of both enterprises and educational institutions to accelerate the use of preliminating in most organizations are described. Ways to improve the use of preliminaring and prospects for its development are proposed. It is identified that this process is mutually beneficial for students and businesses who have the opportunity to train interns in accordance with their management style. Further development of preliminaring can improve the socioeconomic indicators of society, including the level of employment, wages, quality of life.

The author’s position on the theoretical basis of the concept of investment activity of enterprises is given. It is proposed to base the concept on the theory of economic development of society, the key ones among which are: the theories of stages of economic development, the theory of structural transformations, the theory of dependence, the theory of sustainable development. Based on the provisions of these theories, the directions of investment in the development of enterprises should be determined, guidelines should be formed for improving the mechanisms for attracting real investments into the economy. At the same time, it is necessary to create certain conditions for economic, social development and improvement of the ecological environment of enterprises. To achieve investment goals, the basic principles of investment activities have been determined. Compliance with these principles will ensure the formation of an approach to investment as a legal, purposeful, systematic and responsible activity, which is based on the optimal and efficient use of investment resources and is aimed at achieving a balanced economic, social and environmental development of the enterprise. Potential partners of enterprises in investment activities have been identified. The key role in this process is assigned to the personnel of enterprises and local and state authorities. ISSN 2664-245Х № 4 (98) 2021 97 The system of implementation of the concept of investment activity of enterprises is proposed. The basis of this system at the enterprise level is the goals, principles and directions of investment, as well as the formed potential. At the same time, the directions of investment should come from the functions of the enterprise, and human capital should be the basis of the potential of the enterprise. On the example of enterprises in the production sphere, the study of the effectiveness of the system for implementing the concept of investment activity was carried out. It has been established that the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises depends on the size and structure of investments aimed at their activities. At the same time, it was found that the increase in investment in human capital is one of the priority areas of investment for enterprises, since it provides a significant increase in the economic efficiency of their functioning.

The article investigates the essence of skills gap as one of the types of skills mismatches. The importance of having progressive cognitive, socio-emotional and technical skills for the employee and the employer is substantiated individually. It is found out that when hiring applicants for a qualified job and appointing them to the position, their skills are assessed by employers in terms of their importance and level of satisfaction (compliance with the employers’ requirements). The difference, which demonstrates the inconsistency of the required skills with the existing ones, forms a skills gap. The study of the essence of the terms identical to skills gaps enables the author to define skills gap as an existing type of their mismatch, namely the lack of each specialized key skill required to sustain high job performance at the appropriate level (medium, high) within the position (professional duties). Based on the generalization and study of the opinions of labour market research experts, three key factors that cause a skills gap are identified. They are technology, education and training. The technological factor determines the importance of educational and training factors, as technological revolutions cause global changes in the world of labour, the emergence of new professions and positions, and, accordingly, affect the need for the formation of new professional skills. Acquisition of modern professional qualifications and mastery of the necessary skills are provided through high-quality education and lifelong learning. Based on the global survey of the existing gap in key skills among university graduates, conducted by QS Global Employer Survey 2018 taking into account the survey among employers and university graduates, a discrepancy is found in almost all 15 skills available in the analysis, in terms of both importance and satisfaction for employers. At the same time, the results of the survey among university graduates show differences in assessments between the two groups of respondents on the criterion of priority of key skills. According to the author, this discrepancy is the result of the diversity of focus on results and expectations of the use of skills among respondents. On the one hand, it is explained by the differences in experience and deep understanding of business fundamentals. On the other hand, it is caused by the mental gap between generation X (most employers belong to this category), Y (millennials) and Z (represented by young people who have recently graduated from educational institutions). Based on the study of behavioral and mental characteristics of these generations, an important role of generation Z in the formation of the world labor force and its growing influence on future global trends in the labor market are highlighted. The study identifies the main causes that deepen the existing skills gap. It is explained by the uncertainty of the procedure for identifying key skills in the employers’ personnel policy, which complicates the process of planning the need for these skills. The other factors include the imperfection of enterprise personnel policy in terms of employment; maladaptation of traditional education to digital transformations; weakness of integration links between business and education, which makes it impossible to bridge the existing skills gap; pandemic COVID-19. The paper outlines the main ways to overcome the skills gap, which is becoming especially important in the post-pandemic period. They include the formation of a modern system for forecasting skills needs for the long term at the macro level; reforming the employment policy at the micro level, more active use of outsourcing services by employers; introduction of the transformed (adapted to modern conditions of viral crisis) model of training enterprise employees through apprenticeship.

Ukraine is trying to develop an effective interaction strategy with the world on the socioeconomic and political levels for a long time. There is no tradition of internalized productive economic strategies in Ukrainian society, that is why strategic international interactions has been significantly complicated to our elites for the last three decades. During the period of our independence, we had to learn how to rebuild the state and through trials and errors we were finding those socio-economic strategies that will allow us to achieve the goals. However, the long searching process has not yet allowed us to create a productive socio-economic identity of Ukrainian society, which, in our opinion, is one of the functions of humanitarian education, that it does not perform sufficiently today. The article emphasizes that this phenomenon is fundamental for national determination of economic worldview guidelines in accordance with its contemporary socio-practical needs. During the research was found that socio-economic identity is a dominant ideological economic paradigm in social consciousness and, at the same time, it appears as a foundation of productive socially significant synergistic activities. Actualization of the relevant discourse is an urgent need of Ukrainian society in the dimension of more well-defined awareness for pragmatic national interest value in economic sphere. Therefore, educational practices in the field of humanities should provide an axiological component, focused on training of a comprehensively well-informed and creative personality, capable for critical thinking about prospects and opportunities for socioeconomic development in accordance to actual national economic strategies improvement needs and its necessary formal and informal social institutions.

The article shows the connection between higher education and the country's competitiveness. The competitiveness of a country depends on its human capital. Human capital is determined by the key factors - the level of education of the population, scientific potential, experience of successful projects. The authors argued that the role of human capital formation belongs to the modern university. The modern university is faced with the need to find new ways to integrate with the environment of modern economic society, to be competitive. For Ukraine's competitiveness to increase, Ukraine's higher education must be included in the system of economic relations. Public policy should accelerate the process of cooperation between universities and corporations. The modern mission of the university is teaching, research, the interaction between education, science, business, local communities, and other communities. When the three components of the mission come together, higher education fulfills the goal of modern society. This is the mission of forming an innovative economy. Modern universities are turning into platforms that generate new knowledge, ideas, technologies, strategies of social development. In this regard, public administration of higher education, especially public universities, is a factor in increasing the competitiveness of the society. Therefore, public policy should focus on those areas where the state has the main role. This is the development of education and science. The role of the state is to create and maintain conditions for the development of educational, scientific, scientific, and technical, innovative activities of universities, academies, institutes, colleges, as well as the creation of public-private partnerships in higher education.

Sub-Saharan Africa has been characterized as having a high prevalence of malaria and HIV. The present COVID-19 outbreak compounds and complicates Nigeria’s health and socio-economic problems that require stringent public health measures, improved health facilities and achievable economic policies to tackle. The impact of COVID-19 on national economies depends on the level of preparedness and responsiveness to shocks. This perspective dissected the structure of the Nigerian economy and the effect of the pandemic on Nigeria’s economy, having given mild health implications. The study adopted an exploratory research design and thus, relied on the past socio-economic situation in Nigeria to explain how Nigeria was affected by the pandemic. This perspective concludes that the socio-economic foundation in Nigeria is weak. These weak socio-economic settings have made the economy vulnerable to external and internal shocks. This study recommends that the Nigerian government provide adequate and internationally standard training facilities for her health workers and ensure that they are paid well and as when due. To build a resilient economy that can survive external and internal shocks, there is a need to diversify the economy’s economic base fully. Alongside achieving economic diversification, there is the need to improve the existing agricultural-industrial link. The Central Bank should adopt effective monetary policy measures to facilitate credit to private sectors to promote investment in key sectors in the economy. There is a need to increase stimulus package for all industries and households to sustain and improve employment and consumption levels. There is a need to improve efficiency in government spending. The government should sincerely invest in infrastructures to reduce the cost burden on the private sector. Furthermore, there is a crucial need to increase government investment in the health and education sector to prepare the nation for any other health emergency and build its human capital.

The information and analytical provision of migration mobility empiricism in Ukraine, the effectiveness of the implementation of the State policy of managing migration processes is not formed to the full extent, and the existing one is of poor quality; in addition, there is no methodological algorithm for the implementation of migration monitoring. The elimination of this shortcoming requires the development of a new model for monitoring migration mobility, which should be based on a three-level accounting of migration processes (national, regional and local), taking into account the peculiarities of the course of migration processes and the structural characteristics of both external and internal migration. The article is aimed at improvnig the system of monitoring migration mobility in the projection of socio-economic development of the State in order to build an information and analytical base of the empiricism of influence on human potential. The article proposes a model of systematic monitoring of migration mobility, its information-analytical and institutional-organizational provision is substantiated. Monitoring of migration mobility on the basis of a systematic approach allows to: implement three-level accounting of emigration, immigration flows, processes of acquisition and termination of citizenship, money transfers of migrants; cluster the country’s territories according to the criteria of differentiated socio-economic development and financial imbalances; guarantee flexible control of structural changes in migration processes based on the construction of migration profile and determination of the potential of territories. The implementation of monitoring of migration mobility will allow to simulate the intensity of external migration, taking into account changes in the level of socio-economic development, to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the current policy of managing migration processes on the part of the State.

Statistical information attests to the fact that the share of the Ukrainian population with higher education is one of the largest in the world and comprises more than 82%, which considerably surmounts corresponding indicators for countries with a high level of social and market institutes’ development. A large share of persons with higher education in Ukraine and a comparatively low dynamics of its socio-economic development rise a question of the relevance of the human capital theory for those countries that are currently at the stage of the so-called permanent social and economic transformation. The socio-economic results of such countries’ development suggest certain limitations of the human capital theory, namely those of its postulates whose contents imply the existence of a directly proportional dependency of an individual’s well-being at the level and quality of their education. The controversy between the theory and practices of investment in higher education, especially in the context of comparing an expected and the actual social and economic effect, has determined the need to clarify the opinion of representatives of the present-day society concerning the existence of cause-and-effect connections between quality of higher education and well-being. As an instrument for collecting information on the issue of dependency of an individual’s well-being and that of the state on the quality of higher education, the method of polling was selected and applied in the form of a questionnaire. Representatives of student youth and employers from the eastern oblasts (areas) of Ukraine acted as respondents. On the results of the comparative analysis of 747 respondents’ answers, the authors of this article formulate generalizations and conclusions concerning the object of scientific interest. There is substantiated the expediency of introducing to the scientific circulation and further use of indicators of social and economic devaluation of higher education in practical activities for estimating state policy’s efficiency in the sphere of higher education.

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The article analyses the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth within the knowledge economy. To this end, the essence of social capital phenomena, one of the modern concepts of human capital and institutional economy, which are the main components of intellectual capital, is explained, as well as the impact of research and development activities on economic growth, one of the main indicators of scientific development

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of personnel logistics on the sustainable development of the company. In particular, some aspects and conditions of implementation of human resource logistics in the enterprise are identified. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of strategic management of human capital and the leading statements of the resource concept which takes into account the development of highly effective structural subsystems based on the use of key competencies reflecting the ability of a human capital enterprise to generate new ideas and technologies, self-organization and rapid adaptation to change. Within the framework of the study such general scientific and specific methods of scientific knowledge as analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, and systemic and synergetic approaches were used, on the basis of which the factors on which the process of implementation of personnel logistics system at the enterprise depends were determined. The approach to the management of personnel flows at the enterprise, based on the four main aspects of the enterprise development in terms of transformational changes, has been proposed. It is proved, that the majority of domestic enterprises already need to increase requirements for the quality of human capital of the enterprise and the solution to this problem lies within the limits of personnel logistics.

The relevance of the research topic is to study the methodological foundations of human capital assessment. Purpose: comparative analysis of fundamental methodological approaches to the valuation of human capital. Methods – analysis, synthesis, comparisons and etc. Results of work: the study of the methodology for assessing the development and functioning of human capital is particularly important in modern conditions. The priorities of the global economy indicate the restrictive impact of resource advantages, determining the dominant role of innovative and technological factors, which also include the level of accumulated human capital. Given the low resource intensity of developing economies, the analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the functioning and development of human capital is particularly relevant. Conclusions: the main methodological approaches of human capital valuation are studied. The evolution of their development in the context of various economic doctrines is considered. Formalized algorithms for determining the value of human capital in the context of cost and income evaluation principles are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the studied methods are revealed and the possibilities of their synergistic use are determined.