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The article defines the peculiarities of the development of the world pet food market. The current state of the pet food market in Ukraine and the world is analyzed, the main market participants and their advantages are highlighted. The results of a sociological survey of Ukrainians on the question of which pets they keep are presented. It was found that 79% of respondents keep cats as pets, and 61% - dogs. The characteristics of the 5 leaders according to the "Top 101 manufacturers of pet food" according to the results of 2020-2021 are given. Mars, Nestle, Ralston Purina, H. J. Heinz, Hill's, etc. are the largest suppliers of compound feed for pets on the world and Ukrainian markets. Data on the dynamics of the global feed market and growth rates based on the results of 2020-2023 are presented. Experts predict that the growth of the compound feed market for pets is facilitated by the stable economic growth predicted in many developed and developing countries, by 2027 the volume will already reach $534.36 billion with an average annual growth of 7.6%. Among the domestic producers of pet food, the main producer is the company "Kormotekh", which produces both dry and wet compound feed for pets. The main advantages and disadvantages of wet compound feed for pets are given. Analyzed changes in the cost of the main fodder and additives for the production of compound feed for pets for the years 2020-2023, as well as the average prices for wet compound feed for pets depending on the class as of 2023, which are within the range of UAH 124...470/kg. The main factors affecting the formation of a solid base for the production of fodder for animals of domestic origin are highlighted. The trends were analyzed and the main directions of further development were determined. It was determined that the existence of many unanswered questions creates an objective necessity for the study of the domestic pet food market and the formation of demand for it. It has been established that the development of a proposal for the formation of a market portfolio of domestic producers of pet food will contribute not only to improving the level of competitiveness of existing enterprises in the industry, but also to the emergence of new domestic enterprises.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector of the global food industry, signaling a paradigm shift in how we meet the growing demand for fish. The current aquaculture production system relies heavily on fishmeal, which is becoming increasingly unsustainable due to stagnant or declining fish catches, especially wild marine fish stocks. A significant percentage of fish stocks are already almost completely used. This situation, combined with the increasing demand for fish, suggests that fishmeal will become a more limiting ingredient, both from a production and price perspective. In response to these pressing issues, there has been a notable surge in research to explore potential alternatives, such as insect meal, which is one of the critical means to ensure the sustainability of aquaculture and overcome the limitations of fishmeal. Insects hold significant promise in the field of animal nutrition, and further research is needed to fully understand their nutritional value in the context of animal feed applications. Insect farming can be effectively done on human by-products or waste, allowing them to convert this rich, cheap organic waste into protein-rich animal biomass suitable for animal consumption. Analytical review found that insect meal has sufficient nutrient composition suitable for potential inclusion in fish feed as a versatile protein source to create individual nutrient profiles. It is worth noting that a wide range of insect species, their various habitats, developmental stages, feeding behavior and other characteristics can affect the nutritional value of insect meal. This diversity makes insect meal an attractive target for further research as an alternative to fish meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents data on the effect of the phytobiotic additive “Activo” at a dose of 0.2 g/kg of feed on the piglets live weight of the growing and finishing fattening periods. The average daily gain and feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain were determined during the experiment. Among biochemical parameters it was determined the level of total proteins, protein fractions (albumin and globulins), calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The level of morphological parameters in the blood of piglets of both fattening periods was determined. In particular, the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, eosinophils, rod-shaped and segmented granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and hematocrit was determined. As a result of the research, it was found that the addition of a phytobiotic feed additive in the amount of 0.2 g/kg to the growing and finishing feed increased live weight by 8.12 and 3.36 %, respectively. At the same time, feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain was reduced in the experimental group of piglets of the growing and finishing periods by 8.84 and 10.95 %, respectively. Phytobiotic additive at a dose of 0.2 g/kg of feed influenced the level of biochemical and morphological parameters in the piglets’ blood of the growing and finishing fattening periods. In particular, in the experimental group of piglets of the growing period, the level of total protein was higher by 5.25 %, and in the finishing period, it was lower by 7.60 %. Morphological parameters in the blood of piglets of the growing and finishing fattening periods of the experimental group had a higher level of hemoglobin, red blood cells and leukocytes. In piglets of the experimental group in the final period of fattening, the level of platelets, eosinophils and hematocrit was higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of cattle reproduction was and still is one of the main tasks in cattle breeding. Losses of farms from infertility of cows are quite significant and range within 3.19-5.41 per 1 day of infertility. Mycotoxins produced by fungi of the Fusarium family, namely deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) adversely affect not only the functioning of all organs and systems of the cow’s body, but also produce an immunosedative effect. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of the DON and ZEN complex on the main indicators of the immune response of cows and its correction in a comparative aspect using a feed additive based on zeolite and organic acids and recombinant α-, g-interferons. The study material was the blood of cows (serum and stabilized) sick with mycotoxicosis caused by the association of DON and ZEN. Methods used: photonephelometric using E. coli test culture, spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red blood cells according to M. Jondal, modified method of rosette formation according to M. Wansbrough-Jones, R. Limatibul’s method, simple radial immunodiffusion in gel according to G. Mancini, precipitation in a polyethylene glycol solution according to M. Digeon. Experimental studies were performed on black-spotted cows in farms of the Sumy Oblast. The dynamics of the immune indicators of cows during the development of mycotoxicosis and upon treatment with products zeolite-based, organic acids, and an aqueous solution of recombinant α-, g-interferons were studied. It was found that the indicator of bactericidal, lysozyme, complementary, and phagocytic activity of cow blood serum under treatment increased to the indicator inherent in healthy animals. The dynamics of immunoglobulins in the treatment with zeolite and organic acids and recombinant α-, g-interferons was investigated, and an increase to the level of intact cows was established. It was proved that the indicators of the immune response of cows upon using a feed additive based on zeolite and organic acids at a dose of 2.5 kg per tonne of fodder and a preparation based on an aqueous solution of recombinant α-, g-interferons at a dose of 3 ml per animal were significantly higher

The article, a comparative analysis of the productivity of piglets during rearing under a liquid feeding system with fodder mixtures, which were mixed in the feed containers of the Hydro Mix Pro feeding system of the Big Dutchmen company and with the help of the portioned feeding system Spotmix II of the Austrian company Schauer, is made. It was found that the preparation and distribution of feed using the Spotmix II portioned feeding system resulted in 1.5 % better piglet survival, 9.6 % higher piglet growth rate during rearing, 9.5 % higher absolute gains during this period, higher by 7.3 % of the weight of animals when transferred to fattening compared to analogs that were raised on liquid feeding with feed mixing in feed tanks. It has been proven that piglets that were prepared, transported, and distributed feed using the Spotmix II system consumed 6.0 % more feed per day, consumed 7.0 % more during the period, the cost of which was 10.6 % higher. Meanwhile, their feed conversion was 2.3 % better, with almost the exact feed cost per kilogram gain. The feeding of piglets in growing-out using the Spotmix II portioned liquid feeding system led to a 10.6 % higher cost of feed, a 22.1 % higher amortization costs for the equipment for feed distribution and animal feeding, a 9.6 % higher cost of the growing-out process of one pig, and its cost price at the end of the growing period is 3.4 times higher. At the same time, such feeding contributed to higher growth energy of animals during rearing, which caused a 7.3 % higher sales price of piglets, a 17.3 % higher profit from the sale of one head, and a 5.2 % higher profitability of rearing piglets compared to liquid feeding using Hydro Mix Pro system with feed mixing in feed tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To study the effect of addition of hulless oats during the growing period on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of replacement-brood stock of carp. Methodology. The replacement-brood stock of Lubin intra-breed type of Ukrainian scaly carp strain, which were kept in ponds of State Enterprise Experimental Fish Farm of Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IFNAASU) was used for the study. The stocking density was 1000 fish/ha. The experiment was based on four experimental groups. Carps of the first experimental group were fed during the entire growing period with a feed mixture with the addition of hulles oats in the amount of 10 %, while carps of the second group were fed with a feed with the addition of 30 % of hulless oats. The third experimental group received a feed mixture in June – July, and hulless oats in August. The control group of carp was fed with the feed mixture throughout the entire growing period. The stocking density of fish was 1000 fish/ha. Piscicultural studies were conducted in accordance with current methods. Sampling of water for chemical analysis and its processing in the laboratory was carried out according to O. Alokin according to the Standard of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine. Haemoglobin content was determined by the haemoglobin-cyanide method. Blood erythrocytes were counted in a Goryaev chamber. Abundance and weight of natural feeds in ponds were determined according to I.A. Kyseliov, V.I. Zhadin. Zooplankton biomass was determined using tables of individual weights of F.D. Mordukhai-Boltovskoi. Analytical processing of the material was performed using MS Excel. The criteria for the analysis of indicators were their mean (M) and mean deviation (m). Findings. Peculiarities of growth, development of carp and efficiency of feed usage with the addition of hulless oats on the background of similar satisfactory growing conditions were studied. It was found that additional feeding of carp with hulless oats at an amount of 30% was effective. In particular, its addition resulted in an increase in individual weight by 31.1% and survival rate by 2.33%. Studies of the physiological functions of the body of experimental fish during the growing period after adding the hulless oats into the main diet provided an opportunity to recommend its use in the feeding process of age–1+carp in order to increase fish productivity. Originality. The advisability of using hulless oats in the feeding of replacement-brood stock of juvenile carp was studied in Ukraine for the first time. The analysis of productive, physiological and economic indicators has been carried out. Practical value. The results of a comprehensive assessment of piscicultura; and biological parameters provide recommendations for the use of hulless oats in the feeding of replacement-brood stock of juvenile carp.

Purpose. The aim of the work was to study certain morpho-physiological parameters of carp as a result of additional introduction of a mycotoxin sorbent to a feed with signs of spoilage. Methodology. During 2019–2020, two experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The first one included 7 groups-analogues of age-1+ Nyvky carp, 20 fish in each group, with an average weight of 22.5 g. The control group of fish was fed for 24 days with a compound feed with signs of spoilage, «Mykosorb» was additionally added to the diet of the experimental groups in the amounts of 0.05, 0.1; 0.15; 0.2; 0.25 and 0.4%, respectively. The second group included 4 groups of age-1+ fish, 12 fish in each group, with an average weight of 20.0 g. The diet of the control group was identical to that of the first experiment, and the experimental groups with the addition of 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% of «Mycosorb», respectively. During the study, optimal conditions for keeping fish were provided. Fish after were measured and weighed at the end of the experiment and their weight gains were analyzed according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxidation products depending on the composition of the diet were studied. Findings. The studies used compound feed with signs of spoilage as a result of violation of their storage technology, which identified three groups of toxins: Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol. As a result of the first stage of the study, the rates of application of mycotoxin sorbent into the diet of carp at amounts of 0.05 - 0.2% were determined. At the same time, there was no clear proportional pattern of changes in the average weight of fish depending on the amount of introduction of «Mycosorb», the value increased in all experimental groups compared to the control by 0.4 – 15.2%. Muscles of age-1+ fish were found to have higher (p

It has been established that the level of blood parameters in the body of sheep is not always stable and often depends on the breed, sex, their physiological state, the level of productivity, feeding and housing conditions. Among the factors that determine the optimal sheep nutritional level, not the last place is occupied by their provision with a sufficient amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine, methionine, cystine, and vitamins, given their physiological importance for the animal body. The overwhelming amount of them is able to be synthesized in the sheep rumen with the help of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, however, some of them are irreplaceable, that is, those whose balance must be replenished through feed rations. The article describes the use of the vitamin-amino acid complex "Аlphabet for Animals" in sheep, containing a complex of fat-and water-soluble vitamins, as well as amino acids, which contribute to the normalization of metabolism in the body of small ruminants, increase its resistance, have a positive effect on productivity, safety and reproductive animals functions. During the research, the effect of this feed additive on hemocytopoiesis and the exchange of essential micronutrients in ewes were studied. After a double use of the additive, an increase in the processes of erythrocytopoiesis was established, as evidenced by an increase in the number of blood erythrocytes by 21.2% and the hemoglobin content by 11.2%, stabilization of the size and degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin, as evidenced by a decrease in MCH and MCV indices. There were no significant changes in the content of essential micronutrients in the blood serum of sheep under the influence of the "Alphabet for Animals", and a slight increase of zinc content in the blood was noted in sheep after the second injection of the drug. At the same time, in the blood of experimental animals group a significant increase the iron content on average up to 129.5±7.33 μg/100 ml (p

The production of fodder from ecologically clean raw materials is an effective way of increasing the volume of fodder while reducing the economic costs of their production. The use of natural feed additives in feed improves their consumption. Innovative engineering in the technology of production of feed additives is carried out through the improvement of the technology of feed additives using fruit and vegetable raw materials. At present, sufficiently large stocks of fruit and vegetable raw materials are permanently accumulated in Ukraine, which are insufficiently used in fodder production. At the same time, improving the consumption and increasing the efficiency of the use of feed, as well as obtaining the maximum livestock productivity is increasingly ensured by the use of natural feed additives in the composition of feed. That is why the production of fodder from ecologically clean raw materials, as a transition to alternative technologies, is one of the most effective ways to increase the volume of fodder with a decrease in the economic costs of their production. Today, there is no such practice in private households. The inclusion of fruit and vegetable raw materials in feed formulations is relevant for improving their quality. The aim of the work was to expand the range of animal feed and to improve the production technology of extruded feed mixture. The laboratory and analytical method was used in the work. The authors presented the technology, which consists in preliminary preparation of raw materials: cleaning, grinding, dosing according to the composition of the recipe, mixing and special processing to improve technological properties and increase feed value with processes: pre-mixing, aging and extruding the mixture, cooling and grinding the product depending from the purpose of feed. The results can be used to improve the technology for the production of nutritious feed for animals and provide more farms

It is established that antibiotics are one of the most important medical discoveries of 20th century and will remain an utmost way of treating disease of animals as well as of human beings. We, the human beings, get meat, milk, egg, etc. from animals being very important and inevitable part of our daily nutrition. The irrational, consecutive and extensive use of antibiotics in food producing animals particularly for growth promotion has lead to antibiotic resistance, microbial resistance and possible the drug residual threat for human beings due to consumption of milk, meat, egg, etc. It was found out that during the normal physiology the animals undergo various types of stresses mainly including environmental, pathogenic, etc which suppress the immune system as well as the GIT of animals and due to this the animals become vulnerable to different diseases which leads to immunosuppression, poor health status, increased mortality and decreased production. Due to this ban on using synthetic antibiotics in animals as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), an alternative approach is to use phytochemicals in animals’ feed for growth promotion, optimum production and enhancing or modulating the immunity level of animal. These phytogenic feed additives are important and have many properties i.e. anti-fungal, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, etc which, when supplemented with diet and fed to animals, ensure the protection and improvement of health condition, integrity of GIT and enhance the immunity level of animal. This review illustrates the importance of plant-based feed additives supplemented with other feedstuff and fed to animals particularly their role in immunomodulation to boost the immunity level on animal under stress conditions.

Aim. Determine the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of feed additives on the condition of the periodontium in case of dysbiosis. Methods. As feed additives, we used flour from pea straw (FPS), oilcake from ordinary (high-linoleic) sunflower seeds (OOS) and oilcake from high-oleic sunflower seeds (OHOS), which were added to the composition of feed for rats in an amount of 10% instead of the same amount of grain wheat. The duration of feeding was 18 days. Experimental dysbiosis was reproduced using the antibiotic lincomycin. The activity of urease, lysozyme, catalase, elastase and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the gums of rats. Results. An increase in the level of urease, elastase, MDA and a slight decrease in the activity of lysozyme and catalase were found in rats with dysbiosis. The consumption of FPS and OOS had little effect on the biochemical parameters of the gums; however, the consumption of OHOS significantly reduced the activity of elastase, the level of MDA and normalized the level of urease. Conclusion. Under conditions of dysbiosis, periodontitis develops, which can be prevented by consuming high-oleic sunflower oilcake.

When applied to the main diet of pigs, the growth of feed additives LG-MAX and Sel-Plex was probably higher in the experimental groups compared to the controls: live weight of pigs at the end of the experiment (155 days) in groups D1, D2 and D3 by 4, 92%, 14.95%, and 7.79%, respectively; absolute increase in group D1 by 5.47%, in group D2 - by 17.05%, and in group D3 - by 8.50%, respectively; the relative increase of pigs in group D1 by 0.97%, in group D2 by 5.06%, and in group D3 by 1.83%; the average daily increase in group D1 - by 5.47%, in group D2 - by 17.04%, and in group D3 - by 8.51%; slaughter weight in group D1 by 5.31%, in group D2 - by 1.46%, and in group D3 - by 9.05%; the length of chilled carcass in group D1 - by 2.71%, in group D2 - by 4.54%, and in group D3 - by 3.43%; muscle cell area in the D1 group by 6.61%, in the D2 group - by 7.93%, and in the D3 group - by 4.99%; the thickness of the sleeve in the group D2 by 16.32%, and in the group D3 - by 6.95%; the appearance of meat in the group D2 by 17.39%, and in the group D3 - by 10.87%; meat taste in group D1 by 13.95%. At the same time, group D2 had significantly lower odor (aroma) and taste indicators by 23.40% and 13.9%, respectively; the smell of broth in group D2 by 20.8%, taste, in group D3 - by 21.74%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the main positive qualities of soybean meal and the benefits of using it in poultry feed. Soybean meal is considered to be an ideal protein component of vegetable origin. The physicochemical, consumer value and safety indicators of soybean meal according to DSTU 4593:2006 (soybean meal) are presented. The expediency of replacing soybean meal in poultry feed due to its high cost for cheaper protein components is substantiated. Fodder yeast and sunflower meal are the main protein components of vegetable origin that are close to soybean meal in chemical composition. In order to reduce the cost of compound feed, we have proposed the optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for replacement soybean meal in feed recipes. With the help of the software complex "Korm Optima Expert" the recipe of PFA of different composition was calculated. We have selected the following components for the development of recipes: sunflower meal, yeast fodder, wheat flour meal, wheat bran, sunflower oil, lysine monochloride, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, limestone flour. The maximum possible norm of PFA input into the compound feeds was determined by optimization. At the same time, the limitation of input of soybean meal and all PFA components into the poultry feeds were taken into account. The limitation of input of PFA components into the poultry feeds recipes differ at different stages of growth and development of poultry. In view of this, the maximum possible norm of PFA input into the compound feeds ranges from 8 to 18 %, depending on the age and destination of the poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the action of stress factors of different genesis in a living organism, a cascade of adaptive responses, which can neutralize functional disorders of homeostasis, is triggered. Combining the effects of various stress factors can cause excessive formation and accumulation of active forms of oxygen, which entails a number of pathological conditions that create the preconditions for the development of a large number of diseases. One of the indicators of the development of adaptation and the integral indicator of the body's state is the blood system, especially the leukocytic formula, whose redistribution makes it possible to analyze the nature of the effect and estimate the intensity of adaptive processes in the body due to functions that perform different forms of leukocytes. Leukocyte indices in which the parameters of the leukocyte formula were used, allow assessment of the degree of endogenous intoxication, the development of resistance and the character of cellular immunity for the influence of stress factors on the organism of animals and humans.The article considers the possibility of evaluating the preventive effect of natural antioxidants of humic nature on indices of leukocytes on the organism of rats after the influence of combined water-immobilization stress (WICS). for this, the animals were divided into five groups of 6 animals: 1- group of intact animals (control); 2-5 – experimental groups. Animals of all experimental groups were additionally received orally, individually with the help of a probe for 18 days, water, feed additives "Humilid" (at 5 mg / kg of body weight per active ingredient), "Eco-Impulse Animal" (at a rate of 2.5 mg / kg body weight) and vitamin E (at a rate of 50 mg / kg body weight). In animals, 2, 3, 4 and 5 groups simulated stress. It has been established that the effects of water-immobilization combined stress on blood of rats lead to the growth of cells of the leukocyte series, mainly due to the increase of eosinophils and rod-neutron neutrophils. The use of natural antioxidant, a feed additive "Humilid" in the pre-season period causes a decrease in the number of leukocytes by 41% compared to values in animals that received purified water during this period and did not differ from those in intact animals. The change in leukocyte indexes indicates functional changes in the body and the presence of a neutrophilic shear on the background of WICS in rats. Also, the effect of WICS leads to the release of the younger forms of neutrophils in the bloodstream, an increase in both the percentage of eosinophils and the quantitative. For preventive use of feed additives of humic nature, "Humilid" and "Eco-Impulse Animal" and vitamin E, the studied parameters are close to the values of the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presented the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of feed additives with different content of palm oil in the composition of animal feed of laying hens and their impact on vitamin and lipid composition in egg yolk. Studied the quantitative composition of lipids and the ratio of their classes in the yolks of eggs of hens at 180 days of age, depending on the content of palm oil in complete feed. Insertion 2, 3 and 4% of amino acid-vitamin-mineral-lipid complex, in poultry feed mixtures resulted in higher levels of carotenoids and vitamin A. The results of the research showed, that the Insertion of palm oil in the feed birds experimental groups had a positive effect on the lipid composition of the egg yolk. Insertion to the diets of laying hens II and III experimental groups 2 and 3% vitamin-mineral-amino-acid-lipid complex instead of the same amount of soybean meal helped raising the general level of lipids in the yolk of eggs by 5,8% and 9,9%, and esterified cholesterol dominated control group of 5,1% and 4,42%. Feeding birds IV experimental group 4% of vitamin and amino acid-mineral fat instead of soybean meal has led to an increase in the content of total lipids and esterified cholesterol by 11, 22% and 6,28%. It was found, that the addition of feed additives with the introduction of palm fat of poultry in the experimental diet promotes phospholipid classes egg yolks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]