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In pursuit of manufacturing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in good yield at lower temperatures, a mixture of d-block elements such as Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt was expected to be advantageous because of the high yield and low temperature (at 220 - 250° C) synthesis. The physical state and aggregation of these catalyst particles in the reaction medium have been found to play an interesting role in obtaining CNTs at better yield. Carbon nanotubes have been successfully produced by an uncomplicated two-step solvothermal method between sodium and dichlorobenzene via Ni/Fe/Co as catalyst precursor. The dependence of yield of CNTs on the catalyst system was determined via different ratios of catalysts and at various other experimental conditions such as different heating temperatures, different durations of heating. The X-ray powder diffraction study has indicated the graphite kind of the products. Microscopic characterizations (SEM and TEM) implied us the diameters of carbon nanotubes are 10-14 nm. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of graphitized carbon in carbon nanotubes. Significant influence by the heating temperature and heating duration has been observed on the product yield.

Carbon dioxide conversion to chemicals and fuels based on two-dimensional based hybrid materials will present a thorough discussion of the physics, chemistry, and electrochemical science behind the new and important area of materials science, energy, and environmental sustainability. The tremendous opportunities for two-dimensional based hybrid materials in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field come up from their huge number of applications. In the carbon dioxide conversion field, nanostructured metal oxide with a two-dimensional material composite system must meet assured design and functional criteria, as well as electrical and mechanical properties. The whole content of the proposed review is anticipated to build on what has been learned in elementary courses about synthesizing two-dimensional nanomaterials, metal oxide with composites, carbon dioxide conversion requirements, uses of two-dimensional materials with nanocomposites in carbon dioxide conversion as well as fuels and the major mechanisms involved during each application. The impact of hybrid materials and synergistic composite mixtures which are used extensively or show promising outcomes in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field will also be discussed.

Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method to alleviate environmental pollution which is caused by organic pollutants. The expanding natural contamination has attracted the overall scientists to deal with the advancement of photocatalyst effectively depends on semiconductor for the treatment of defiled water assets by different natural poisons that are delivered from numerous industries. In this work, the research progress of properties and applications of photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities and understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of different metal oxide nanoparticles are reviewed. The metal oxide nanoparticles are a wide band hole semiconductor that can be eager to create electron opening sets when transmitted with light. Photographs are an actuated electron opening that instigates power hydrogen, oxygen, and debases inorganic/natural/organic mixes to make power. This review aims to examine the wide biological and mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation and antimicrobial applications.

Investigation on the manufacturing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by solvothermal and hydrothermal procedure and the electrochemical behavior of these nanostructured electrode materials for hydrogen storage has been presented. The physical and morphological properties of prepared carbon nanotubes were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning, and Transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of MWCNTs were revealed by galvanostatic charge-discharge and measurement of cyclic voltammetry and the results revealed that both MWNTs exhibited higher electrochemical capacitance and stable cycling performance. Interestingly, MWNTs synthesized from hydrothermal procedure shows an extreme discharge capacity of 423 mAh/g, concerning hydrogen storage of ∼ 1.5 wt%, and MWNTs synthesized from solvothermal procedure shows a capacity of discharge 394.8 mAh/g. corresponds to ∼ 1.4 wt%, was attained reproducibly at 25 °C for about 100 mg of MWCNTs. This outcome infers that the MWNTs are extremely assuring electrochemical hydrogen storage materials for PEM fuel cells and rechargeable batteries.