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Pittosporum roimata Gemmill & S.N. Carter (Pittosporaceae, Apiales) was established in 2018 as an endemic species confined to the Poor Knights Islands group, off the eastern coastline of Northland Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species was distinguished from P. cornifolium A. Cunn. on the basis of vegetative characters (leaf length, width, petiole length), floral characters (pedicel length, flower colour), and numbers of fruit per stem. The new species was also reported as differing from P. cornifolium by a single substitution within the nrITS cistron, with that data obtained from a paper that did not provide a phylogenetic interpretation of this result, nor specify whether the cultivated plants used were derived from seed obtained from multiple individuals or from cutting grown plants from a limited wild-sourced selection. In this paper the same morphological characters used to separate P. roimata are examined using a much wider sampling of P. cornifolium, and the specimens available for P. roimata. There are very slight differences in leaf width and length, petiole length, and pedicel length in Poor Knights Islands P. roimata specimens seen also in some collections from other northern Aotearoa / New Zealand offshore islands and some mainland stations. Flower colour is not a useful character as this is variable in P. roimata and P. cornifolium, as it is also in many other Aotearoa / New Zealand Pittosporum. On the basis of our morphological assessment we conclude that to maintain the segregation of P. roimata from P. cornifolium at the species rank is impractical, as there is a grading of characters between both species. As plants corresponding to P. roimata occur throughout the range of P. cornifolium, already a variable species, we suggest that, in line with other treatments of Aotearoa / New Zealand Pittosporum, it is better to reduce P. roimata into synonymy of P. cornifolium.

Leptospermum tairawhitiense G.J. Atkins, de Lange & M.A.M. Renner sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is segregated from L. scoparium J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (sensu lato). The new species is endemic to Tairāwhiti / East Cape, Te Ika a Māui / North Island of Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species is genetically distinct from L. scoparium sensu lato, L. hoipolloi L.M.H. Schmid & de Lange, and L. repo de Lange & L.M.H. Schmid, and chemically it is distinguished by having unusually high levels of triketones. Morphologically, Leptospermum tairawhitiense differs from these species in vegetative characters by the shortly and densely branching growth habit; the often suckering growth habit; the patent leaves, arising at 70–90° from the stem; the lamina is narrow-lanceolate, elliptic lanceolate, or rarely narrowly ovate and (3.0–4.8–6.2(–9.0) mm long by (1.0–1.3(–2.1) mm wide and coloured dull green to dark green, red-tinged, ± glaucescent (new growth yellow-green, red-tinged, glaucescent); and in reproductive characters, the flowers are cupped and small in comparison to other species, being 8–14 mm in diameter, with 5(–8) white petals, 5.0–7.0 × 4.6–6.4 mm and 20–32 stamens with white or pink filaments. The capsules of Leptospermum tairawhitiense are up to 6.8 mm wide and 5.5 mm tall when unopened, with exserted valves that comprise half the capsule height in profile, and when opened the valves exceed the capsule rim. A conservation assessment using the New Zealand Threat Classification System is proposed and a revised key to Leptospermum of Aotearoa / New Zealand provided.

Leptospermum hoipolloi de Lange & L.M.H. Schmid sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is segregated from L. scoparium J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (sensu lato). The new species is endemic to Te Ika a Maui / North Island and the northern part of Te Wai Pounamu / South Island of Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species is morphologically distinguished from L. scoparium s. str. by the distinctly sericeous, narrower, and longer (up to 30 × 6 mm) lanceolate to elliptic lanceolate leaves, larger (up to 30 mm in diameter) flowers (these white, pink-tinged, pink-streaked or red); capsules up to 15.1 × 14.1 mm (unopened) and 16.6 × 18.0 mm (opened). Three formae are recognised, f. hoipolloi, for those plants with shorter, narrower, glabrescent leaves, mostly white (occasionally pink tinged or red) flowers, and smaller capsules; f. procumbens L.M.H. Schmid & de Lange f. nov., for those plants with a decumbent / prostrate growth habit, and silver-white to silvery grey hairy leaves, larger, white, pink-tinged or pink flowers, and larger capsules; and f. incanum (Cockayne) de Lange & L.M.H. Schmid f. comb. & stat. nov., for those plants previously recognised as L. scoparium var. incanum Cockayne, and which have an erect shrub growth habit, with longer, often broader leaves, whose young and maturing lamina is invested in silvery-grey or grey hairs; larger white, pink-tinged or streaked, pink or red flowers and capsules. Conservation assessments using the New Zealand Threat Classification System are proposed and a revised key to the Leptospermum of Aotearoa / New Zealand provided.

New combinations in Pentapogon R.Br. (Poaceae) are provided for three endemic Aotearoa / New Zealand species earlier placed in Deyeuxia Clarion ex P.Beauv.: Pentapogon aucklandicus (Hook.f.) de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid, comb. nov. (Deyeuxia aucklandica (Hook.f.) Zotov), P. lacustris (Edgar & Connor) de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid, comb. nov. (D. lacustris Edgar & Connor), and P. youngii (Hook.f.) de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid, comb. nov. (D. youngii(Hook.f.) Buchanan). These three species were omitted from a recent treatment of Pentapogon proposed by Peterson et al. (2022) in which other Australasian Deyeuxia, D. avenoides (Hook.f.) Buchanan, D. densa Benth., D. frigida F.Muell. ex Benth., D. gunniana (Nees) Benth., D. quadriseta (Labill.) Benth., D. scaberula Vickery, and D. valida (Vickery) Weiller, were transferred to Pentapogon.

The lectotype (P00537796) is designated for the name Brachyscome neocaledonica Guill. (now accepted as Pytinicarpa neocaledonica (Guill.) G.L.Nesom), the type species of the genus Pytinicarpa G.L.Nesom (Asteraceae). This action proved necessary as only syntypes for that species name were cited by Guillaumin in the protologue; also, no lectotypification was provided when Nesom erected the genus Pytinicarpa. Some syntypes from the gatherings cited in the protologue of Brachyscome neocaledonica represent a related species Pytinicarpa sarasinii (Däniker) G.L.Nesom (Brachyscome sarasinii Däniker) or mixed collections. Because of that the lectotype designation is important for maintaining the nomenclatural stability and application of names in the genus Pytinicarpa.

Lagenophora schmidiae de Lange & Jian Wang ter sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described, illustrated and differentiated from L. montana Hook.f. The new species was first recorded from Aotearoa / New Zealand in 1974, when it was identified as L. montana. This relatively recent recognition reflects in part the fact that the new species is extremely uncommon, and has often been confused with the superficially similar L. barkeri Kirk, with which it often grows. A conservation status for L. schmidiae of ‘Threatened / Nationally Critical’ using the New Zealand Threat Classification System is proposed, as the new species is known only from small populations, many of which are threatened by alien weed invasion.

Thirteen historical specimens (including original material, mainly syntypes and isolectotypes) of Allan and Richard Cunningham's taxa of Epilobium and Fuchsia (Onagraceae) from New Zealand recently discovered in the Turczaninow Herbarium (KW-TURCZ) at the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW) are discussed in comparison with digital images of and data on other relevant specimens from several other herbaria, such as K, BM, WELT, etc. These specimens, collected in New Zealand by Allan Cunningham in 1826 and 1838 and by Richard Cunningham in 1833–1834, represent the following taxa (as outlined by A. Cunningham): Epilobium alsinoides, E. atriplicifolium, E. confertum, E. hirtigerum, E. nerterioides, E. nummulariifolium, E. pedunculare, E. thymifolium, E. virgatum (A.Cunn., non Lam.), and Fuchsia procumbens. It is demonstrated that type designations for some names in Epilobium mentioned above remain problematic; some names appear to be not yet typified effectively. These problems are caused by several factors, such as misplaced original labels or specimens, errors or misinterpretations in curatorial or copied labels, a complicated numbering system applied by A. Cunningham, etc. Critical re-assessment of all available original and other associated specimens of the mentioned names in Epilobium, especially those in K, is needed. Before such re-assessment, we refrain from any nomenclatural actions affecting type designations. The recent discovery in KW-TURCZ of important historical specimens (not only Onagraceae but also many other plant families) collected in New Zealand in the first half of the 19th century by Allan Cunningham, Richard Cunningham, J. Everard Home and some other early explorers is not only interesting from a historical viewpoint but also important for taxonomy, especially for proper application of names validated by A. Cunningham.

Historical records and the current status of Chenopodium ficifolium (Chenopodiaceae) in New Zealand are considered. This species of Eurasian origin was and still is occasionally reported in New Zealand as a casual alien since its supposedly first record by Kirk in 1896, who found the species in 1892 in the port of Wellington on a ballast heap. At least seven reliable collections / records are known from locations ranging from the North Island (Auckland and Wellington) to the South Island (Christchurch), and one of the southern Titi Islands. However, the actual distribution of the species in New Zealand is probably underestimated because of its similarity to C. album. Probably C. ficifolium was initially introduced to New Zealand much earlier than 1892, as evidenced by the herbarium specimen collected by J. Everard Home in the 1840s. That specimen was recently found in the Turczaninow historical herbarium at the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW); it is one of many other historical specimens at KW that were collected in New Zealand by Home, A. Cunningham and R. Cunningham in the first half of the 19th century. Most probably, Turczaninow received these New Zealand specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in exchange for his Siberian or other collections. We expect that a thorough revision of New Zealand specimens in the Turczaninow herbarium at KW may bring important and interesting results not only on native plants (including type specimens), but also for non-native species introduced during the early stages of the European colonization, which will document their earliest stages of expansion in New Zealand.

The new combination Solenogyne christensenii (Petrie) de Lange, Jian Wang ter & Barkla comb. nov. is validated for a New Zealand species originally published as Abrotanella christensenii Petrie. The species is described, illustrated and differentiated from similar and related taxa. The species is seriously threatened, being known with certainty only from the South Island of New Zealand where there is one extant population in Otago, though the species was also known historically from the type locality, Hanmer Plain, North Canterbury.