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A promising method of regenerative medicine is the saturation of allografts with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Objective. To evaluate the course of metabolic processes after filling a hole defect in the distal metaphysis of the femur with allogeneic bone implants in conditions of additional local administration of allogeneic PRP. Methods. In the model of a hole defect in white rats with the filling of the defect with an allograft, as well as with additional local stimulation of PRP on the 7th day; on the 3rd and 7th days and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days in blood serum, the content of glycoproteins (GP), chondroitin sulfates (CST), total protein (TP), calcium (Ca), activity alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP). The results. 14 day. In the 3-month rats, under one stimulation, an increase in TP and Ca, a decrease in AcP was observed, with two stimulations there was a 1.11 times smaller GP, 1.13 times larger TP and 1.43 times Ca compared to those in rats without stimu-lation. During three stimulations, the GP was 1.24 times lower than that in animals without stimulation. In the 12-month rats in comparison with the data of rats without stimulation, 1.15 times higher GP, Ca, AlP activity, and 1.44 times more AcP were noted. 28 days of the 3-month rats for one injection exceeded the data of animals without stimulation by 1.34 times for GP, and were inferior to them by 1.31 times for AcP. In the 12-month rats, compared to these animals without stimulation, with three injections, a 1.19 times greater TP was noted. 90 d. In the 3-month rats for one injection showed 1.24 times less CST with 1.28 times lower AlP compared to data from rats without stimulation. 12-month rats exceeded the data of the group without stimulation by 1.43 times for AlP. Conclusions. In rats with an alloimplant (especially at 12 months), an increase in connective tissue formation markers and a decrease in LF activity were observed. Filling the defect with an alloimplant led to an increase in inflammation indicators and an increase in markers of bone tissue formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective Osteoporosis is a disorder that leads to a decrease in bone mass, accompanied by a disruption in bone structure, resulting in an increased risk of bone fractures. It affects a large number of people worldwide and constitutes a significant social and economic problem. It primarily affects older individuals, especially postmenopausal women. Fractures associated with osteoporosis diminish the quality of life. Osteoporosis often remains asymptomatic and is difficult to diagnose, typically identified incidentally following a low-energy fracture. Diagnosis of osteoporosis involves measuring bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Osteoporosis is diagnosed when bone mineral density is found to be more than 2.5 standard deviations (SD) below the mean bone mineral density of healthy young adults with peak bone mass. Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis include lack of physical activity, calcium deficiency in the diet, and alcohol consumption. Review methods The article was based on scientific papers retrieved from the PubMed website and scientific literature. The focus was on papers from 2016 to 2024. Articles written in English were utilized. Brief description of the state of knowledge Physical activity encompasses any muscular movement that increases energy expenditure beyond the resting metabolic rate, including weight-bearing exercises, strength training, high-intensity strength exercises, and balance and mobility training. Weight-bearing exercises yield the best results in osteoporosis prevention, recommended to be performed three times a week. Summary Physical activity is a scientifically proven preventive factor against osteoporosis, reducing the frequency of falls and increasing bone mineral density. Initiating physical activity at a young age yields significant benefits for bone strength.

The review of modern literature presents data on the prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis in Ukraine and the world. These diseases are associated with severe and persistent symptoms, slow recovery, and a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Melatonin is a hormone with enormous biological functions. As a widely available and versatile molecule in vivo, it has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various bone diseases, has an effect on the restoration of damaged tissues, helps to reduce the amount of visceral adipose tissue and improves eating behavior. However, the informational analysis of the problem showed that there are still many unsolved questions regarding the optimal dosage and timing of melatonin administration, as well as the study of any possible side effects during its longterm administration. At the same time, the study of the effect of melatonin on the state of the bone system in obesity can contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of both osteopenic and metabolic syndromes for the development of new methods of treatment and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Ensuring control over regenerative processes by using the patient's blood is a unique concept of an autogenous transplant product, a universal and safe method of application that contains growth factors and cytokines stored in the fibrin matrix and provides stimulating properties of tissue regeneration through the processes of angiogenesis, proliferation, cell migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis. The aim. To substantiate the effectiveness of the protocol for collecting, preparing, and forming autocellular mesoconcentrate products in the analysis of the results of their electron microscopic examination. Materials and methods. Based on our own clinical experience of using the Endoret-PRGF technique (Human Technology, BTI, Spain) to collect, prepare, and form autocellular transplant products rationally, we used the method of morphological study of objects using a stream of electrons that passed through thin films under high voltage, allowing us to study the structure of these objects at the macromolecular and subcellular levels – transmission electron microscopy, which contributed to the study of the density (number of occurrences in 10 μm2 ), diameter (Ø) of the formed fibrin fibers in the PRGF – F1 and F2 fractions of mesoconcentrate products, namely, isolating membranes (M) and obturating blocks (B). An equally important step in PRGF technology is to follow the step-by-step instructions for preparing and using autocellular transplants. Results. Protocol for the collection, preparation, and formation of autocellular transplants using the KMU15 kit (Human Technology, BTI) for the application of the Endoret – PRGF technique, platelet-rich plasma, as a unique and first scientifically proven technique recognized worldwide and patented by the Institute of Human Biotechnology, Spain. The results of the clinical application of mesoconcentrate products, namely isolating membranes widely used in targeted tissue regeneration and obturating blocks, confirm their biological effectiveness. The results of the median (Me) and interquartile range (IQR) during the statistical analysis were obtained, where F1-M = 0.196 (0.176; 0.286) compared to F1-B = 0.344 (0.325; 0.394); F2-M = 0.180 (0.168; 0.214) - F2-B = 0.254 (0.202; 0.338), which gives us the right to assert the reliability of the data set and confirms the quantitative characterization of interfraction differences, and, accordingly, the quality in the sequence of protocol stages. Conclusions. The protocol for the efficiency of autocellular graft collection and formation is synchronized with the analysis of electron microscopic images characterizing the density and diameter of fibrin fibers, which differ in the fractional products of the mesoconcentrate and are higher in the obturating blocks than in the isolating membranes, indicating its completeness and compliance.

This article describes the role of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) as an indicator of the quality of primary implant stability, which is the basis of the goal and confirmed by the results of a clinical case – odontological implantation on edentulous segments of atrophied bone tissue on the right side of the mandible, taking into account the topographic features of its canal, using ultra-short (h = 5.5 mm) implants. Aim. To highlight the role of resonance frequency analysis during surgical interventions using short (ultrashort) implants in predicting their primary stability and preserving the normal morphology of the mandibular bone tissue. Materials and methods. The primary stability of 17 dental implants in seven patients was determined using the Penguin Instruments (RFA) technique in declarative units of measurement – the implant stability quotient (ISQ). Values in the range of 75 ISQ meant that the implant had adequate primary stability and could receive and distribute the immediate load on the bone tissue of the edentulous segment. Results. Following the stages of preparation, 17 ultra-short (h = 5.5 mm × b = 4.0 mm) implants were placed on the edentulous segments of the mandible without an incisional osteotomy path according to the patient rehabilitation protocol. We used the method of resonance frequency analysis to obtain a value of high primary stability of two short subcortical implants in the projection of tooth 4.7 – 92 ISQ and the projection of tooth 4.6 – 90 ISQ. On the 3rd day of the clinical stage of fixation of the supraconstruction, RFA measurements were performed, the values of which showed a significant decrease in the stability quotient of the installed implants in the projection of tooth 4.7 – 61 ISQ and in tooth 4.6 – 74 ISQ. This result made it necessary to revise the rehabilitation plan, adjust the medical prescription sheet and decide to postpone the placement of the all-milled restorative structure on the implants. Conclusions. The RFA study indicates not only the primary stability of implants but also a full-fledged stage-bystage clinical prognosis of the further functionality of a prosthetic structure based on short implants with proper preservation of the morphological functionality of bone tissue.

Background. To determine the effect of diabetes on the state of periodontal bone tissue. Methods. In rats, diabetes mellitus of the first type (DM1) was reproduced with the help of alloxan and diabetes mellitus of the second type (DM2) with the help of protamine. The activity of alkaline (ALP) and acid (ACP) phosphatases, calcium content, protein and elastase activity were determined in periodontal bone tissue. The level of biochemical markers of inflammation and protective systems was determined in the blood serum and in the gums. The mineralizing activity of bone tissue was determined by the ALP/ACP ratio. Results. It was established that the mineralizing activity of periodontal bones is significantly higher in males and increases with age. The reproduction of DM1 and DM2 in rats caused a significant decrease in the mineralizing activity of periodontal bone tissue and insignificant changes in the level of calcium and protein. In rats with diabetes, an inflammatory process develops in the gums (increase in the level of elastase) against the background of a decrease in the level of markers of protective systems (catalase and lysozyme). Conclusion. A decrease in the level of mineralizing activity of periodontal bone tissue under conditions of diabetes can be the reason for the development of diabetic periodontitis.

Background. Bone health is relevant for patients of all age groups. Special attention is paid to childhood and adolescence, since it is during this period that bone mass is actively accumulated, which depends on the structural and functional state of the bone tissue of an adult. The purpose of this study was to determine the features of the structural and functional state of bone tissue in children during the second growth spurt based on the analysis of markers of bone modeling, the level of 25(OH)D and the indicators of ultrasound densitometry and DXA. Materials and methods. 205 children aged 9–17 years were examined. They divided into three groups depending on the presence and intensity of growth spurts. Examination included: general clinical examination with an assessment of the levels of physical and sexual development, determine of the levels of 25(OH)D, glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfates and alkaline phosphatase, ultrasound densitometry and DXA. Results. 83.9 % of children had vitamin D deficiency, 16.1 % of children had insufficiency. A decrease in BMD according to UD data was diagnosed in 48.0 % (n = 24) of children with growth spurt, in 60.87 % (n = 28) of children with intense growth spurt, and in 39.45 % (n = 43) of children without growth spurt. According to DXA data, BMD reduction was confirmed in 56.25 % (n = 18) of 32 examined children: children with growth spurt — 38.9 % (n = 7), children with intense growth spurt — 50.0 % (n = 9), children without growth spurt — 11.1 % (n = 2). The level of chondroitin sulfates in children with growth spurt and intense growth spurt is significantly higher than in children without growth spurt, which indicates the instability of metabolic processes. At the same time, the level of total glycosaminoglycans is significantly lower in the group of children with growth spurt and intense growth spurt than in the group of children without growth spurt, which indicates the intensity of metabo­lic processes in children of these groups. Conclusions. 100 % of children had insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D. A decrease in BMD is more often diagnosed in children during an intense growth spurt and does not have a reliable relationship with the level of vitamin D, in contrast to children without a growth spurt. Children with growth spurts and intense growth spurts had an imbalance in the le­vel of chondroitin sulfates and glycosaminoglycans, which indicates the instability and activity of bone tissue growth processes.

Objective: assessment of clinical-hematological and metabolic-biochemical parameters of the of bone tissue and hormonal regulation depending on the serum iron content and radiation dose values in children living on radiologically contaminated territories after the ChNPP accident in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Children (n = 271) living on radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) of Ukraine were involved in the study. Three study groups were formed according to the serum iron level (SIL), namely group I with SIL 10.0-22.0 μmol/l (n = 92), group II with SIL 23.0-34.0 μmol/l (n = 144), and group III with SIL above 35.0 μmol/l (n = 35). Diseases in the family tree, bodyweight at birth, complaints on osalgia, bone fractures, jaw anomalies, dental caries, and obesity were accounted. Morphometric parameters of erythrocytes and hemogram elements were analyzed. Creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, iron, cholesterol, bilirubin, and transaminases were assayed in blood serum. The urine content of the 19 free amino acids, serum content of the free thyroxine (FT4), pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol were assayed both with bone tissue density. Individual radiation doses were calculated. Results. In 12.9 % of cases the SIL was > 35.0 μmol/l. Relatives with endocrine diseases were often present in the family tree of children with SIL > 23.0 μmol/l. There were increased urine content of the free amino acids (p < 0.05) and signs of protein degradation under high SIL. Contents of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis and antioxidant status (alanine, serine, glutamine, aspartic acid) and iron metabolism (arginine, leucine) were assayed at the highest levels ( p< 0.05). Urinary levels of valine, lysine, and methionine, which are associated with iron metabolism, were decreased (p< 0.05). An inverse correlation (rs = -0.58; p< 0.01) was established between the serum TSH and cortisol levels regardless of the SIL. Serum TSH level directly correlated with urine content of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis. An inverse correlation (rs = -0.55; p < 0.001) was established between the serum TSH level and urine content of tyrosine that is essential for the thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) synthesis. Cortisol was found having a negative effect on protein synthesis. Inverse correlation was established between the serum cortisol level and urine content of the free amino acids essential for collagen synthesis. There was no depend& ence of the average radiation dose values on the SIL. An inverse correlation was determined between the patient's radiation dose and SIL > 35.0 μmol/l (rs = -0.29; p< 0.05). Conclusions. The increased SIL in children living on RCT may occur due to both a genetic predisposition and the acquired factors driving protein and mineral metabolism of bone and their hormonal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racing pigeons are potential carriers of zooanthroponic diseases, since they can travel considerable distances during their flight. The study of the formation features of the pigeon skeleton’s hematopoietic function on different levels of its structural organization with the determination of the relationship between the growth and development of hematopoietic components and the processes of osteohistogenesis is necessary to understand the immunity of pigeons, especially during the early stages of their development when young animals are in the greatest risk of disease, especially during processes of osteogenesis and haematopoiesis in chicks. The bones of the axial and peripheral skeleton of one-day-old, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-day-old pigeons (n = 5) were examined. The presence and degree of development of dia- and epiphyseal ossification centers (EOCs), their relative area (RA) and X-ray density in the organs of universal hematopoiesis were determined on radiographs made on an x-Ray-TW-102 x-ray machine with an Alpha 4600 receiver using the MultiVox Dicom Viewer program. It was established that in day-old pigeons the rudiments of the studied bones are completely built by cartilaginous tissue, have low radiographic density, and fuzzy contours on radiographs. On the 10th day of life, the axial skeleton of pigeon cubs has formed EOCs of head and a tubercle on the 5th rib (third «true rib»), while in the bones of the peripheral skeleton there is an enchondral EOC of the diaphysis. The spongy and compact bone structure (BS) of the bones were fuzzy. The body of the rib and the epiphyses of the limbs’ tubular bones were cartilaginous. The X-ray density of the humerus at this age remains unchanged, and the tibial-metatarsal increases by 1.5 times, reaching 12 HU. In 15-day-old chicks, the RA of the EOC in the skeleton was moderately increased due to an increase in the RA of previously formed EOCs at the age of 10 days, the appearance of individual EOCs in the body of 5th rib, and in the tubular bones of the limbs, the enchondral EOCs of the proximal and distal epiphyses. In the diaphysis of the extremities tubular bones, a strip-like compact BS was clearly distinguished, and in the epiphyses, a small-sized spongy BS. The X-ray density of the bones almost doubled, reaching 19–21 HU. In 20-day-old pigeons, the processes of osteohistogenesis in the skeleton were almost completed, in the studied bones, all the main and additional EOCs were well expressed, their RA increased sharply. X-ray density of bones did not change. For 25-day-old pigeons in the skeleton, there was a slight increase in RA of the EOC, a process of complete synostosis of the bones was characteristic. From the moment of the appearance of the EOC in 10-day-old chicks until they reach the age of 25 days, the bones of the axial skeleton and the skeleton of the limbs were formed by 95–100% of BS, and their X-ray density was increased almost 2.5 times, reaching 19–26 HU.

The undamaged structure and functionality of the skeleton are a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of human life. The introduction of the latest treatment methods and prosthetics in traumatic surgery, oncology, cranial surgery, and dentistry form a demand for biomaterials with functionalized properties. The growth of new bone tissue is a cellregulated process based on creating a specific bone morphology, which combines the organic matrix and its inorganic content. The inorganic component of human bones and teeth is calcium deficiency hydroxyapatite (cdHA), with a molar ratio of Ca/P ranging from 1.5 to 1.67. The combination of cdHA and natural polymers in the material allows the incorporation of proteins and growth factors into the polymer matrix. It promotes biocompatibility and the growth of new bone tissue. This review considers the critical role of the porosity parameter of biomaterials (BM) in their use for bone regeneration. Porosity is an essential characteristic of BM and guarantees the interaction of the material with cells in bone formation, promoting vascularization and the process of biosorption of synthetic graft when it is replaced by newly formed native bone. At the same time, the degree of porosity should correlate with mechanical stability to maintain the structural integrity of BM in the process of hard tissue regeneration. Processes involving cells and proteins during BM implantation with both high (70–80 %) and low (≤ 45 %) degrees of porosity are considered. Data on existing methods of obtaining BM in porous scaffolds are given. The specified degree of porosity is provided by chemical (cross-linking) and physical (sublimation) methods. The effects of pores of different sizes and shapes on bone formation and vascularization are considered. It is shown that porosity is an influential factor influencing the mechanical properties of scaffolds, in particular, the stiffness of BM - a parameter that affects the proliferation of osteoblasts by regulating cell adhesion in the scaffold structure. The influence of the biopolymer component (Sodium Alginate - AN) on the porosity and swelling of hybrid apatite-biopolymer (HA/AN) composites, in which nanometric needle crystallites represent HA, is analyzed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to study the Klotho protein concentration in the oral fluid of patients exposed to work-related harmful factors and to reveal correlations with the content of bone tissue and vitamin D metabolism markers. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 126 patients with generalized periodontitis of initial (n = 8), I (n = 32), II (n = 68) and III (n = 18) degree of severity, chronic course, working in hazardous conditions of the “Dniprospetsstal” plant in Zaporizhzhia. The comparison group consisted of 32 periodontitis patients of initial (n = 5), I (n = 10), II (n = 11) and III (n = 6) degree of severity without exposure to work-related harmful factors. The control group included 20 otherwise healthy individuals aged 19–25 years without signs of periodontal diseases. The levels of vitamin D, VDBP, MMP-8 and osteocalcin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the concentration of soluble Klotho was detected by the enzyme-linked ImmunoChem-2100 immunosorbent assay. Results. It was found, that in the study group of patients working in hazardous work-related conditions, the decrease in oral fluid Klotho protein concentration was greater, than in the comparison group of patients with periodontal diseases, but not exposed to work-related hazardous conditions. The indicator of Klotho protein is an early marker of the periodontal disease progression and varies inversely with the severity of periodontitis, starting in the early stages of the disease. The correlation coefficient between the level of Klotho protein and the degree of the disease severity in the comparison group patients was γ = -0.957, P < 0.05 and γ = -0.906, P < 0.05 – in the study group. In the patients with periodontal diseases, there was a decrease in the Klotho protein concentration with a parallel increase in the marker of bone tissue destruction - MMP-8, and a decrease in the marker of remodeling – osteocalcin, as compared to the controls. The decrease in Klotho protein concentration occurred with vitamin D deficiency and worsened with the vitamin D-binding protein reduction. Conclusions. The Klotho protein is the early, sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker in dental diseases, and its measurement can be used as a predictor of inflammatory periodontal disease and its complications. The Klotho protein is one of the main regulators of bone metabolic processes.

Background. In modern orthopedics, there are many options for replacing bone defects. The attention of researchers was drawn to calcium phosphate ceramics. Studies have shown that hydroxyapatite (HA) — Ca10(PO4 )6 (OH)2 and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) — Ca3 (PO4 )2 ceramics has a number of advantages over other biomaterials. However, it is not clear how reinforcement will affect the rate of bone formation in the implantation zone and its density. The purpose was to study the dynamics of changes in bone density in the area of a defect filled with α-TCP cements in an experiment on laboratory animals. Materials and methods. X-ray study of the optical density of the bone tissue of laboratory rats after replacing bone defects with TCP cements was carried out. Changes in the optical density of the bone tissue of rats who underwent the replacement of an artificially formed defect in the metaepiphyseal zone of the femur with α-TCP (5 animals) and α-TCP reinforced with needle-like HA crystals (5 animals) were studied. Rats underwent digital radiography of the operated and intact bones in 1, 2, and 3 months. The optical density of the cortical bone was measured in the area of implantation of the operated bone and the cortical layer of the intact femur of the metaepiphyseal zone at the same level. Results. It was found that the optical density of intact bone in animals in both groups gradually increased during the experiment. Differences in the value of the optical density of intact bones were not found (p >> 0.05). Despite the fact that at the initial stage, the replacement material based on α-TCP + HA has a higher optical density, it subsequently degrades and is replaced by bone tissue the optical density of which approaches the level of intact bone. The studies conducted have shown that one month after the replacement of a bone defect, a higher tissue density in the defect zone is observed if it is filled with α-TCP + HA bone cement that is most likely due to a higher density of the material itself compared to cement containing only α-TCP. Two months after filling a defect, there is an alignment of the bone density in the defect zone with the density of intact bone, which suggests that the process of replacing the artificially formed defect in the metaepiphyseal zone with bone tissue has occurred. Conclusions. The optical density of intact bone in animals of both groups during the experiment gradually increased: from 90 ± 8 units to 98 ± 7 units in the group of Ca3 PO4 + α-TCP and from 89 ± 5 units to 100 ± 12 units in the group of Ca3 PO4 + α-TCP + HA, but there was no statistically significant difference in the value of the optical density of intact bones (p >> 0.05). One month after the replacement of a defect with Ca3 PO4 + α-TCP + GA, a statistically significantly (p = 0.017) higher optical density of the operated bone (113 ± 6 units) was noted compared to the replacement with Ca3 PO4 + + α-TCP (101 ± 8 units). Two months after the experiment was started, the optical density of intact and operated bones at the level of defect replacement was statistically equal in both groups, which was confirmed in 3 months as well. This may indicate the replacement of the filler with bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Bone health is relevant for patients of all age groups. Special attention is paid to childhood and adolescence, since it is during this period that bone mass is actively accumulated, which depends on the structural and functional state of the bone tissue of an adult. The purpose of this study was to determine the features of the structural and functional state of bone tissue in children during the second growth spurt based on the analysis of markers of bone modeling, the level of 25(OH)D and the indicators of ultrasound densitometry and DXA. Materials and methods. 205 children aged 9–17 years were examined. They divided into three groups depending on the presence and intensity of growth spurts. Examination included: general clinical examination with an assessment of the levels of physical and sexual development, determine of the levels of 25(OH)D, glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfates and alkaline phosphatase, ultrasound densitometry and DXA. Results. 83.9 % of children had vitamin D deficiency, 16.1 % of children had insufficiency. A decrease in BMD according to UD data was diagnosed in 48.0 % (n = 24) of children with growth spurt, in 60.87 % (n = 28) of children with intense growth spurt, and in 39.45 % (n = 43) of children without growth spurt. According to DXA data, BMD reduction was confirmed in 56.25 % (n = 18) of 32 examined children: children with growth spurt — 38.9 % (n = 7), children with intense growth spurt — 50.0 % (n = 9), children without growth spurt — 11.1 % (n = 2). The level of chondroitin sulfates in children with growth spurt and intense growth spurt is significantly higher than in children without growth spurt, which indicates the instability of metabolic processes. At the same time, the level of total glycosaminoglycans is significantly lower in the group of children with growth spurt and intense growth spurt than in the group of children without growth spurt, which indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in children of these groups. Conclusions. 100 % of children had insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D. A decrease in BMD is more often diagnosed in children during an intense growth spurt and does not have a reliable relationship with the level of vitamin D, in contrast to children without a growth spurt. Children with growth spurts and intense growth spurts had an imbalance in the level of chondroitin sulfates and glycosaminoglycans, which indicates the instability and activity of bone tissue growth processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. One of the main complications in monocondylar arthroplasty of the knee joint is the instability of the components of the endoprosthesis. When planning the operation, it is necessary to take into account the bone mineral density to prevent negative consequences in the postoperative period, such as aseptic and septic processes in the area of the implantation component. The purpose was to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of studying the characteristics of bone density according to computed tomography and the proposed device. Materials and methods. To solve this problem, a study of the bone density of the tibial sawdust area was carried out using a measuring device. To compare the results, a study of bone density in the area of interest of the tibia was performed using CT images of the knee joint on a scale of Hounsfield units in nine zones. Two groups of 10 patients were studied: group I — patients in whom, according to densitometry, osteopenia was determined (T-score from –1.0 to –2.5) and group II — patients, in which densitometry T-score was less than –2.5. Results. It was found that the maximum optical density of the cortical layer in group I patients was 678 ± 150 HU, in group II patients — 377 ± 93 HU, the elastic modulus was 1435 ± 363 MPa, the difference in the absorption of the cortical layer between the groups was statistically significant (t = 2.509; p = 0.046). In central zones 1–3, the tissue absorption index is higher in patients of group I. On the marginal zones 4, 6–8, the level of bone tissue absorption in both groups of patients is almost the same. The modulus of elasticity of the cancellous tissue of the tibia in the sawdust area during endoprosthesis does not statistically differ from the calculated values, although it shows fewer data. This is due to the structure of the cancellous tissue, which has thin bone plates and crossbars (trabeculae), which intersect with each other and form many cells. The place where the spongy tissue stiffness is measured is highly likely to fall into the intertrabecular space, although the size of the indenter is larger, therefore, bone structures are also involved in the measurements. Conclusions. Modern methods of medical imaging, including CT, provide not only accurate data on changes in bone tissue structures but also the ability to determine the physical properties of tissues — optical absorption of bone structures, geometric dimensions, etc. However, tomographic studies are still quite valuable today, so more affordable ways to determine the physical data of the bone are being developed. The developed method and device for measuring bone density makes it possible to quickly and objectively determine the quality of the bone in the resection area. But in some cases, in patients with low bone density, there is a need for additional preoperative CT examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLA-based implants are characterized by high biocompatibility with body tissues, and are also distinguished by their biodegradable and osseointegrative properties. The regulation of bone tissue growth and development is inextricably linked with the blood system, which is a source of plastic substances and hormones of calcium homeostasis. When PLA implants were inserted into the parietal bone of rabbits, changes occurred in their bodies that were typical for the period after orthopedic and traumatological operations. Metabolism dysregulation of macro- and microelements and disturbances of erythropoiesis, which can occur in the postoperative period, have a negative effect on the bone tissue growth in the young rabbits’ body. It has been proven that humic substances were able to influence the activity of osteoblasts and regulate mineral metabolism. For the experiment, 32 rabbits were divided into four groups, 8 rabbits in each group; sixteen rabbits underwent surgery using PLA implants, which were placed bilaterally in the parietal bone. Eight of the 16 operated rabbits were given Humilid together with water, the rest of them received pure water. Eight of 16 rabbits, intact before surgery, received Humilid together with water, the non-surgical control group did not receive Humilid. The influence of humic substances on physiological osteogenesis and hematological parameters during the use of PLA implants was determined. On the 14th day of the experiment, the rabbits of the surgical group receiving Humilid did not show a decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and an increase in leukocytes, in contrast to the rabbits of the surgical control group. An increase in the number of osteons and osteoblasts layers was recorded in the femur of the young rabbits that were receiving Humilid, and in the sternum – the number of osteons and layers of osteoblasts. There was also an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the non-surgical group rabbits that were receiving Humilid to compare the rabbits of the non-surgical control group. ln rabbits that received Humilid, there was an intensification of bone tissue growth against the background of physiological and reparative osteogenesis.

Disorder of the relationship between biotic and abiotic elements against the background of anthropogenic stress on the human body affects the course of bone remodeling. It is bone tissue in the human body that has the greatest cumulative properties with respect to many xenobiotics, lead in particular. The accumulation of lead in the bone leads to the replacement of calcium ions by ions of the abiotic element and causes further changes in the bone structure: inhibition of growth processes, decreased density, the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. In the article, a comparative hygienic analysis of bone mineral density levels (according to T-score) in industrial (n=68) and control (n=70) areas was conducted. The T-score, calculated at the LI-LIV level obtained by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used and was evaluated according to the recommendations of the WHO. The formation of a homogeneous sample of persons for the study was conducted according to the place of residence, age, sex, absence of diseases and regular intake of drugs leading to a decrease in bone mass. Summarizing the results, it should be noted that the population of Dniprо city has a more negative and significant decrease in the bone mineral density (according to the T-score) compared to the same values of the control areas – 2.15-4.6 times and Ukraine's – 1.39-4.21 times. According to WHO recommendations, T-score indices for residents of industrial territory indicate to the presence of osteopenia, while among residents of the control area, the norm for this indicator is noted. Consequently, there is an effect of man-made including lead, pollution of the environment on the level of bone mineral density in the industrial city this contributes to the development of osteoporotic changes in the population.

Humic substances are able to influence mineral metabolism due to their properties to form chelate complexes. Directly, the state of bone tissue is closely related to general processes that ensure the exchange of minerals in the body as a whole. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer which, due to its high biocompatibility and osseointegration properties, is increasingly used for the manufacture of implants. Among the methods of improving the osseointegration of implants, gaining popularity, the use of pharmacological drugs and dietary supplements that have a direct effect on bone tissue or act indirectly by affecting the body’s systems and metabolism. For the experiment 32 rabbits were divided into groups of 8 rabbits each In two model groups, 16 rabbits were implanted with PLA implants in the bilateral defect of the parietal bone, one of which was immersed in a 1% humilid solution and the other in a 0.9% NaCl solution before administration. From the operated rabbits, 8 received humilid during treatment, and 8 others were intact. 16 rabbits who did not undergo surgery were divided into two groups, one of which drinked humilid and the other clean water. The aim of our work was to determine the mineral metabolism in rabbits during implantation of PLA implants. The ability of humic substances to influence the redistribution of calcium ionized and copper in the blood serum and femur in rabbits of the model group in comparison with intact animals was proved.. There was also an increase in the content of iron and calcium ionized in the serum, and calcium, iron, copper and a decrease in the content of zinc in the femur of rabbits treated with humilide. It has been proved that the introduction of humilid into the diet caused an increase in newly formed bone tissue in PLA implants of rabbits of the model group. Therefore, an increase in macro- microelements in blood serum and their redistribution in the bone tissue of rabbits receiving humilides suggests the possibility of using humilid to correct mineral metabolism and improve the condition of bone tissue. Leveling reduction macro- microelements in the blood and bone tissue, together with an increase in newly formed bone tissue in PLA implants of a model group of rabbits receiving humilide indicate a systemic effect of humilid on the osseointegration of PLA implants.

The dynamics of growth and development of the basic and additional centers of ossifi cation of bone organs gives an opportunity to fi nd out the patterns of change of their tissue components and subsequent age-related remodeling when performing biomechanical and hematopoietic functions. Features of morphogenesis of hematopoietic components of the skeleton in productive animals should be taken into account in determining the etiopathogenesis and development of methods of treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, immunodefi ciency and anemic conditions in young animals. Were studied bone organs (9th thoracic vertebra, femur) from clinically healthy newborns, 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-day-old pigs (n = 5) of white Ukrainian breed grown using traditional technologies. Radiological research in the organs of universal hematopoiesis determined the availability and degree of development of the dia-, epi- and apophysar centers of ossifi cation, as well as features of the structure of spongy and compact bone tissue. Determination of the relative area of the centers of ossifi cation on radiograph was performed by the method of “point counting” using the eyepiece test systems according to the method of G.G. Avtandilova. In newborn piglets, the bones of the axial skeleton show only the diaphysar (body) centers of ossifi cation and brackets, whereas in the bones of the peripheral bone, the diaphysar and epiphysar ones, as well as the apophysar (larger swivel). With age, the number of limb bones does not change, and the axial skeleton, except for previously formed diaphysar and brackets, appear epiphysar (heads and fossae), starting at the age of 20 days. In all bones there is an increase in the size and relative area of previously formed centers of ossifi cation. In bone organs of all age groups, small-cell spongy bone prevails, whereas compact at the moment of birth, it is present only in the peripheral skeleton, and in axial - it fi rst appears in the body of a vertebra of 10-day piglets and also in the brackets - 20-day piglets. The thickness of metaphysar cartilages, subchondral bones of articular cartilages, as well as the epi- and diametaphysar subchondral bones increases with age.

The mineral components of powdered samples of cortical dense bone tissue of domestic animals (pig and cow) were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Bone tissue was heated in a temperature range 600-1000 ºС in an oven and then held for more than one year at room temperature. This was done to allow short-lived defects to decay and to let the mineral structures stabilize. In these heat-treated samples, within the limits of the sensitivity of the experiments, no EPR signals were detected, but after irradiation with X-rays, multicomponent EPR signals appeared. Spectra vary depending on the heating temperatures. Paramagnetic centers related to PO3 2–, NO4 2– ³- groups are observed. The g-factor of spectroscopic splitting and amplitude of ultrafine interaction of the indicated paramagnetic centers in the spectra were determined. Due to different relaxation behavior of the paramagnetic centers, and hence their saturation effects, the form of the total EPR signals significantly depends on the microwave power level at which the spectra are recorded. Therefore, EPR signals were recorded at high (5 mW) and low (0.13 mW) microwave power levels. The temperature dependency of EPR signal amplitude was determined for some paramagnetic centers in the range of 600-1000 ºС. The EPR signal properties of the heated bone samples and synthetic hydroxylapatites were compared. The spectra indicate that phosphates in bone tissue have a more complex structure than simple synthetic hydroxylapatite. The results of this work can be used to create synthetic analogs of bone tissue, to help in the manufacturing of implants that are used to treat bone tissue, and to study the processes related to the assimilation of mineralogic-based implants by living bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]2 –, CO3 ³- groups are observed. The g-factor of spectroscopic splitting and amplitude of ultrafine interaction of the indicated paramagnetic centers in the spectra were determined. Due to different relaxation behavior of the paramagnetic centers, and hence their saturation effects, the form of the total EPR signals significantly depends on the microwave power level at which the spectra are recorded. Therefore, EPR signals were recorded at high (5 mW) and low (0.13 mW) microwave power levels. The temperature dependency of EPR signal amplitude was determined for some paramagnetic centers in the range of 600-1000 ºС. The EPR signal properties of the heated bone samples and synthetic hydroxylapatites were compared. The spectra indicate that phosphates in bone tissue have a more complex structure than simple synthetic hydroxylapatite. The results of this work can be used to create synthetic analogs of bone tissue, to help in the manufacturing of implants that are used to treat bone tissue, and to study the processes related to the assimilation of mineralogic-based implants by living bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness using of osteotropic drugs for the restoration of bone defects. Materials and methods. The model experiment was performing on male Wistar rats. The animals has been simulated a bone defect into which was implanted:"mp3 Osteobiol" (1st experimental group - 14 animals), PRP coated with fibrin glue (2nd experimental group - 13 animals) and PRP + "mp3 Osteobiol" (3rd experimental group - 15 animals). The histological material were staining with hematoxylin-eosin (according to Van – Gizon). Microscopic studies were performing on a Leica MDE optical microscope at a magnification of x 100, x 200. Results. At the 60th day of observation, after implantation of "mp3 OsteoBiol" + PRP, a pronounced growth of fibrous, loose, not quite mature connective tissue was visualized, with the proliferation of giant multinucleated cells, macrophages, osteoblasts and the formation of osteoids. At the end of the experiment (90th day) in the bone regenerates of animals of group III noted the active formation of the newly formed bone lamellar structure, the formation of osteons, the bone marrow canal was filled with bone marrow. Conclusion. According to histological studies, it was found that our proposed composition, containing "mp3 OsteoBiol" and PRP, accelerated the process of bone regeneration, compared with the groups where the above agents were used alone, without inflammation, with the formation of bone, which has mature in nature.

The results of numerous clinical and experimental studies show that the quality and mineral composition of bone tissue changes under the influence of various factors of both exogenous and endogenous origin. However, the data on changes that occur in bone tissue with long-term use of medications, in particular – of analgesic action, are fragmentary. The aim of our work was to study the peculiarities of the dynamics of the density and mineral composition of the bone tissue of the lower jaw of the rat after the application of bone-destructive trauma on the background of prolonged use of nalbuphinum with subsequent treatment with lincomycinum. Object and methods of research. The study was performed on 30 male rats weighing 180–200 g and 3.5 months of age. Opioid dependence was modeled in animals, on the background of bone-traumatic injury. After the injury, lincomycinum treatment was performed. Another 5 animals formed a control group. Injury was modeled by disruption of the integrity of the lower jaw bone tissue in the area of molars with the help of dental drill under thiopental anesthesia. Opioid dependence was modeled by intramuscular administration of narcotic analgesic nalbuphinum daily (1 time per day at the same time of day) according to the following schedule: 1st week – 8 mg/kg, 2nd week – 15 mg/kg, 3rd week – 20 mg/kg, 4th week – 25 mg/kg, 5th week – 30 mg/kg, 6th week – 35 mg/kg. Lincomycin (30% solution) was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 25 mg/kg once a day for 6 days after performing bone-destructive injury. Quality control of the bone tissue of the injured area of the mandible was performed using a dental radiovisiograph Siemens with Trophy Radiology software. The unit of measurement of tissue density was taken as the conventional units of grayness (CUG). Atomic absorption spectral analysis (AASA) was used to determine the mineral composition of the bone tissue of the lower jaw of the rat. The content of eight mineral elements was determined: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn). The concentration of the test elements was indicated in mg/g. Results. The data obtained from the study showed that, on the background of nalbuphinum intake, the density of the mandibular bone tissue increases for two weeks and decreases during the third week, returning, practically, to the control indices. That is why the end of the third week of the experiment was chosen as the term for traumatic injury. After trauma on the background of nalbuphinum intake and lincomycinum treatment, bone density increased sharply, exceeding the norm by 1.5 times, and decreased over the next two weeks, remaining slightly above control at the end of the sixth week of the experiment. The analysis of the mineral composition of the bone tissue of the mandible showed that during the first week of the experiment the content of calcium, phosphorus, iron, strontium and zinc increased, the content of sodium, magnesium and potassium decreased. At the end of the experiment, absolute values of calcium, sodium, iron and zinc content increased compared to the control, phosphorus and potassium decreased, and magnesium and strontium returned to normal. The analysis of the particle dynamics of the studied elements showed that in all bone samples among the four macroelements (Ca, P, Mg, Na), the largest specific share belongs to calcium, slightly less is the share of phosphorus, the smallest is the proportion of sodium and magnesium; among the microelements (K, Fe, Sr, Zn), the highest is the potassium content, and the lowest is the strontium and zinc specific shares. By the end of the experiment, the proportions of calcium, iron, strontium and zinc are increasing, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and potassium are decreasing. Conclusions. Indicators of density and mineral composition of the bone tissue of the mandible of the rat after the application of bone-destructive injury against prolonged use of nalbuphinum with subsequent treatment with lincomycinum have pronounced dynamics, different and characteristic for each of the studied parameters. On the background of nalbuphinum intake, the bone density of the mandible increases for two weeks, and decreases during the third week, returning, practically, to the control indices. After bone traumatic injury and lincomycinum treatment, bone density increased sharply, exceeding the norm by 1.5 times and decreasing over the next two weeks, remaining slightly above control at the end of the sixth week of the experiment. The results of atomic absorption spectral analysis of the bone tissue of the lower jaw of the rat allow to determine the quantitative content of four macroelements (Ca, P, Mg, Na) and four microelements (K, Fe, Sr, Zn) and to study their dynamics during the experiment. The dynamics of the absolute indices of the content of the studied elements and their specific shares during the six weeks of the experiment are different. After six weeks of the experiment, absolute levels of calcium, sodium, iron, and zinc were increased compared to control, phosphorus and potassium were decreasing, and magnesium and strontium were returning to normal; the proportion of calcium, iron, strontium and zinc increase, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and potassium – decrease.

Background. In severe dermatoses, corticosteroid drugs are usually prescribed for a long period of time, and even for life; therefore, the detection of side effects caused by prolonged use of systemic glucocorticosteroids, in particular bone metabolism disorders, and their prevention are important components of comprehensive therapy for severe dermatoses. Consequently, the development of methods for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bone remodeling disorders under the influence of prolonged corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe dermatosis is extremely relevant for modern dermatology. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency and safety of treating patients with severe dermatosis by preventing or minimizing the development of side effects in the treatment with glucocorticosteroid hormones. Materials and methods. The study involved 134 patients with severe dermatosis (acantholytic pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, Dühring disease, erythroderma, etc.). Clinical anamnestic, biochemical, cytological, immunoenzyme, instrumental and statistical methods of research were used. Results. Patients receiving prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy showed a significant decrease in the bone fraction of alkaline phosphatase — by 2.1 times, in osteocalcin level — by 6.6 times, and 2.2­fold increase in the C­terminal telopeptide. According to ultrasonic densitometry, osteopenia was detected in 35.5 %, osteoporosis — in 64.5 % of patients. Calcium supplements with vitamin D3 and anti­resorptive agent were prescribed to correct bone remodeling. As a result, an increase in these parameters was noted, indicating the restoration of osteosynthesis and normalization of bone tissue resorption processes that was confirmed by 1.8­fold increase in the bone mineral density. To prevent the development of bone remodeling disorders, antiresorptive drugs, calcium and vitamin D3 were administered as a part of comprehensive treatment, in combination with systemic corticosteroids throughout the whole course of therapy. Conclusions. The conducted research has allowed increasing efficiency and safety of treatment of patients with severe dermatosis by preventing or minimizing the development of side effects of glucocorticosteroid treatment.

Despite higher femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD), individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have 1,5-2 times increased fracture risk than in a healthy population. These data suggest that some indicators may be more informative regarding the prediction of low-trauma fractures risk, which observed in patients with diabetes mellitus, and BMD measurement does not reflect in essence the real trend towards the development of bone remodeling disorders in these patients. Aim: to identify complex interdependencies between the bone mineral and organic components and the risk of low-trauma fractures associated with metabolic changes in DM2. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with DM2 (n = 137); the control group consisted of 82 individuals. Calciotropic hormones, serum levels of bone remodeling markers and X-ray densitometry were studied in all the patients. Results. Patients with DM2 had lower P1NP and b-CTx values, reflecting a slower metabolism of bone tissue compared to the control group. The results of densitometry revealed no significant differences in BMD between the patients with DM2 and control. Conclusions. High rate of bone remodeling was found at the elevated values of parathyroid hormone with a predominance of bone resorption, which is confirmed by a positive correlation between parathyroid hormone level and the serum biochemical marker of bone resorption. There is a relationship between DM2 duration and a decrease in BMD, which is the most pronounced in men aged up to 50 years.

The purpose of this research was to study the features of the clinical course of generalized periodontitis, depending on the quality of occlusal balance after complex treatment. 128 patients with generalized periodontitis of the I-II degree, chronic course, aged 35-55 years, were examined. All of them underwent a clinical examination, computed tomography of the jaw bones, and occlusive diagnostics by means of the “T-scan III” device. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that only in 34,4±4,2% of patients occlusal relationships were restored, whereas in the remaining 65,6±4,2% occlusion balance disorders were registered. The presence of occlusal imbalance was accompanied by a worsening of the clinical condition of periodontal tissues. It was shown that the greatest correlation is observed for the degree of occlusive imbalance with the index of osteoporosis activity (r=0.42, p

Disorder of the relationship between biotic and abiotic elements against the background of anthropogenic stress on the human body affects the course of bone remodeling. It is bone tissue in the human body that has the greatest cumulative properties with respect to many xenobiotics, lead in particular. The accumulation of lead in the bone leads to the replacement of calcium ions by ions of the abiotic element and causes further changes in the bone structure: inhibition of growth processes, decreased density, the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. In the article, a comparative hygienic analysis of bone mineral density levels (according to T-score) in industrial (n=68) and control (n=70) areas was conducted. The T-score, calculated at the LI-LIV level obtained by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used and was evaluated according to the recommendations of the WHO. The formation of a homogeneous sample of persons for the study was conducted according to the place of residence, age, sex, absence of diseases and regular intake of drugs leading to a decrease in bone mass. Summarizing the results, it should be noted that the population of Dniprо city has a more negative and significant decrease in the bone mineral density (according to the T-score) compared to the same values of the control areas – 2.15-4.6 times and Ukraine's – 1.39-4.21 times. According to WHO recommendations, T-score indices for residents of industrial territory indicate to the presence of osteopenia, while among residents of the control area, the norm for this indicator is noted. Consequently, there is an effect of man-made including lead, pollution of the environment on the level of bone mineral density in the industrial city this contributes to the development of osteoporotic changes in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of 28-day 30% restriction of nutrition and periodic fasting (after every 2 days) on inorganic and organic bone tissue of 3-month-old Wistar male rats was studied. All results were compared with the control group (digestive diet). The tendency to a decrease the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the diaphysis of the femur in rats of both experimental groups was revealed. The content of phosphorus in the bone tissue of rats under the 28-day 30% restriction of nutrition probably decreased by 26.1%. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased by 37.3% in serum and by 31.1% in bone tissue. During the period of daily fasting, this indicator decreased by 36.7% in serum and by 30.2% in bone tissue. The activity of acid phosphatase in serum decreased in rats of both groups by 36.2 and 37.5%, and in bone tissue by 47.4 and 37.7%, respectively. The concentration of glycosaminoglycans increased by 101.7% in the serum of rats under a 28-day 30% restriction of nutrition and by 35.6% under conditions of periodic fasting. A signifcant decrease in the concentration of uronic acids in the bone tissue of rats was found under conditions of 28-day 30% restriction of nutrition. In both experimental groups the concentration of free amino acids, lysine, cystine, alanine and methionine, which are directly involved in the synthesis of bone collagen, increased. Thus, under 30% restriction of nutrition and periodic starvation in early ontogeny (puberty) lead to adverse changes in biochemical markers of metabolism of inorganic and organic matrix and inhibit bone remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: assessment of clinical-hematological and metabolic-biochemical parameters of the of bone tissue and hormonal regulation depending on the serum iron content and radiation dose values in children living on radiologically contaminated territories after the ChNPP accident in Ukraine., Materials and Methods: Children (n = 271) living on radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) of Ukraine were involved in the study. Three study groups were formed according to the serum iron level (SIL), namely group I with SIL 10.0-22.0 μmol/l (n = 92), group II with SIL 23.0-34.0 μmol/l (n = 144), and group III with SIL above 35.0 μmol/l (n = 35). Diseases in the family tree, bodyweight at birth, complaints on osalgia, bone fractures, jaw anomalies, dental caries, and obesity were accounted. Morphometric parameters of erythrocytes and hemogram elements were analyzed. Creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, iron, cholesterol, bilirubin, and transaminases were assayed in blood serum. The urine content of the 19 free amino acids, serum content of the free thyroxine (FT4), pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol were assayed both with bone tissue density. Individual radiation doses were calculated., Results: In 12.9 % of cases the SIL was > 35.0 μmol/l. Relatives with endocrine diseases were often present in the family tree of children with SIL > 23.0 μmol/l. There were increased urine content of the free amino acids (p < 0.05) and signs of protein degradation under high SIL. Contents of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis and antioxidant status (alanine, serine, glutamine, aspartic acid) and iron metabolism (arginine, leucine) were assayed at the highest levels (p < 0.05). Urinary levels of valine, lysine, and methionine, which are associated with iron metabolism, were decreased (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation (rs = -0.58; p < 0.01) was established between the serum TSH and cortisol levels regardless of the SIL. Serum TSH level directly correlated with urine content of amino acids involved in collagen synthesis. An inverse correlation (rs = -0.55; p < 0.001) was established between the serum TSH level and urine content of tyrosine that is essential for the thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) synthesis.Cortisol was found having a negative effect on protein synthesis. Inverse correlation was established between the serum cortisol level and urine content of the free amino acids essential for collagen synthesis. There was no dependence of the average radiation dose values on the SIL. An inverse correlation was determined between the patient's radiation dose and SIL > 35.0 μmol/l (rs = -0.29; p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The increased SIL in children living on RCT may occur due to both a genetic predisposition and the acquired factors driving protein and mineral metabolism of bone and their hormonal regulation., (D. A. Bazyka, K. M. Bruslova, L. O. Liashenko, T. I. Pushkareva, N. M. Tsvyetkova, S. G. Galkina, V. G. Kondrashova, Zh. S. Yaroshenko, L. O. Gonchar, S. M. Yatsemyrskyi, I. V. Trychlіb, N. V. Kavardakova, V. G. Boyarskyi, T. O. Chernysh, O. M. Lytvynets.)

Copyright of Likarska Sprava is the property of J. Likarska Sprava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literature review presents data of researches on the content of vitamin D and the state of bone metabolism in patients with syndrome of hyperthyroidism. Overt hyperthyroidism is associated with accelerated bone remodeling, reduced bone density, osteoporosis, and an increase in fracture rate. Summarizing the results of the studies conducted by different authors, there should be noted the value of normal balance of thyroid hormones for a skeletogeny and providing bone mineral density.

Key highlights which were discussed during the Central and Eastern European summit on bone diseases, that has been held in December, 2016 in Vienna (Austria) are presented in the review.

Today the problem of diseases of support-motor system, especially in middle-aged and elderly persons is extremely important, caused alsoby worsening of demographic situation in many countries of the world. Purpose - basing on generalized analytical scientific data to define the role of eco-dependent risk factors in the development of bone pathology in humans. It is found that recently there appeared a number of compelling evidence for the list of known factors of bone pathology, including chemical pollution of the environment withlead. This toxicant even in low doses selectively accumulates in the bone tissue, replacing calcium from its matrix;this on the background of widespread calcium deficiency in nutrition, potentiates the development of osteopathy and increases incidence of musculoskeletal system diseases, particularly in the inhabitants of ecologically crisis areas.

Today the problem of diseases of support-motor system, especially in middle-aged and elderly persons is extremely important, caused also by worsening of demographic situation in many countries of the world. Purpose - basing on generalized analytical scientific data to define the role of eco-dependent risk factors in the development of bone pathology in humans. It is found that recently there appeared a number of compelling evidence for the list of known factors of bone pathology, including chemical pollution of the environment with lead. This toxicant even in low doses selectively accumulates in the bone tissue, replacing calcium from its matrix; this on the background of widespread calcium deficiency in nutrition, potentiates the development of osteopathy and increases incidence of musculoskeletal system diseases, particularly in the inhabitants of ecologically crisis areas.

The purpose of this research was to study the features of the clinical course of generalized periodontitis, depending on the quality of occlusal balance after complex treatment. 128 patients with generalized periodontitis of the I-II degree, chronic course, aged 35-55 years, were examined. All of them underwent a clinical examination, computed tomography of the jaw bones, and occlusive diagnostics by means of the “T-scan III” device. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that only in 34,4±4,2% of patients occlusal relationships were restored, whereas in the remaining 65,6±4,2% occlusion balance disorders were registered. The presence of occlusal imbalance was accompanied by a worsening of the clinical condition of periodontal tissues. It was shown that the greatest correlation is observed for the degree of occlusive imbalance with the index of osteoporosis activity (r=0.42, p<0.05), less significant - with Ramfjord indices (r=0.40, p<0.05), PI (r=0.38, p<0.05) and CPITN (r=0.35, p<0.05). Also, with disorders of occlusal balance, there was a decrease in bone mineral density, most pronounced in areas of hyperocclusion. At the same time, the revealed changes were not reliable (р˃0.05), which was explained by the focal nature of the appearance of resorptive phenomena in areas of increased occlusal load. According to obtained results, the qualitative restoration of occlusal ratios, in particular with the help of modern computer equipment, in the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis is the key to long-term clinical and X-ray stabilization of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a review of the current literature for the 2000-2017 period, there was presented data on the effect of magnesium on organic and inorganic matrix of bone tissue. These results suggest that magnesium is an important mediator in the formation of bone tissue. It can prevent the premature destruction of bone and promote its recovery. Violation of his balance is one of the etiological factors for the condition of bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the problem of improving sterilization. The sterilization is the main and most important process of canned fish production, which guarantees safety and harmlessness, stability during storage, as well as environmental friendliness of the finished product. The process of thermal sterilization needs to be improved through the often unreasonable excessive heat stroke, resulting in a decrease in the taste and commodity qualities of the canned product, as well as its nutritional value. Therefore, one of the most advanced trends in the process of thermal sterilization is the using of delicate heat treatment, namely, reducing the location of products cultivated under the influence of high temperatures for canned fish 120 ° С. It is known that one of the promising ways to improve the process of sterilization of canned fish is thermostabilization, which allows to minimize the effect of thermal influence on the final stage of canning. The theoretical basis for reducing the stiffness of sterilization regimes on the principles of thermostabilization of canned fish is reduced to the elimination or reduction of factors that increase their actual mortality above the minimum necessary, which guarantees the quality of products. The article presents the results of research aimed at the development and scientific substantiation of the modes of one of the promising methods of sterilization -thermostability. The scientific substantiation of the parameters of thermostability is based on theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the mathematical model of the process of sterilization of canned food, which includes its thermophysical and microbiological components. The work proposes the implementation of the principle of thermostabilization by means of two-time thermal (fractional) treatment with an intermediate retardation to soften the mode of sterilization of canned fish. Calculated values of normative and actual lethality of thermostabilized canned food. For each mode of thermоstability, at least 5 regimes were received, the mortality of which corresponds to the normative documents Developed regimes provided microbiological stability in storage and culinary readiness of bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work investigates peculiarities of metabolic processes, bioelemental composition and structural changes in white rats’ bone tissue in the presence of cadmium ions (1/10 LD50 CdCl2) damage both singly and in combination. Administration of cadmium ions in male rats has been found to cause the development of dysmicroelementosis accompanied by the disturbance of metabolic processes in bone tissue. It has been observed the disturbance of phosphorous-calcium metabolism in terms of level of different forms of calcium, phosphates, acid and alkaline phosphatase in the dynamics of intoxication development. It has been investigated the content of osteotropic elements and bone tissue mineral density, collagen matrix damage degree by hydroxyproline level and histological examinations. Changes in parathormone and calcitonin levels have been detected. This comprehensive study showed that the most severe disturbances occur on the 14th day after ten-day period of animals’ intoxication with CdCl2.

The Bone as part of organ motion is a rich source of research related to Physiology and pathology. Orthopaedics as a bone test for pathology, primarily associated with the disorder the correct structural axis, and impaired motor function. However, bones are also a rapidly acting, living element significantly influencing the metabolism of the whole body. Impact on we cannot detect virtually all elements of the environment, starting with nutrition, the composition of the air. Often the subject of research are complex chemical compounds, forgetting that their basic building blocks-atoms of chemical elements - can have a significant impact on the functioning of the body.Studies show that calcium supplementation in reducing the risk of fracture osteoporetycznych. Especially with the level of calcium interferuje phosphorus, which intake should be strictly controlled because of the risk of acidification of the body. Some elements such as zinc, selenium, can interfere with the absorption of harmful compounds, and their supplementation seems to be particularly beneficial and interesting. Element of the application calls the big emotions is also fluoride - which compounds even though applications in dentistry, may cause toxic effects on bone. Element whose derivatives due to the environmental pollution commonly surrounds us is so that cadmium, which calls the strongly negative impact not only on bone tissue, but also a variety of other tissues and organs.This work is an attempt at synthetic summary of available knowledge about the elements that build bone, and its metabolism affecting positively or negatively.

For today problem of chemical contamination of the environment and inner enviroment of the organism is extremely topical. Among all toxicants scientists pay special attention to lead, as it is characterized by a global prevalence in the enviroment and polytropic action on the human organism. Aim of the work – on the basis of analytical generalization of research data to establish peculiarities of lead impact on formation and functioning of bone tissue, calcium balance in the organism. It was determined that despite a low external exposure of metal, in man’s biosubstrates its levels are much higher than allowable. Herewith bone tissue due to its anatomy-physiology peculiarities accumulates lead selectively, forming inner additional source of its impact on the organism, potentiating toxic impact of xenobiotic. Therefore biomonitoring data on lead content in bone tissue is an important informative finding not only of danger but of duration, permanence and complex impact on the organism.

The article shows down the results of histological researches of the femoral bone parts, which situated under bone cartilage. The method of manufacture of histopreparations is described. In article also describes the microscopic changes of bone tissue, which was observe. It is noted that knee joint osteoarthrosis is characterized not only by morphological changes of articular cartilage, but also by quite distinct microscopic changes below the position of bone tissue. In article is described that the axillary resorption of bone tissue and single cells of fibrous osteodystrophy is recorded microscopically in the femoral bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D vitamine metabolites are necessary nutrients for the human body, they perform important functions. Vitamin D deficiency leads to the development of many somatic diseases, as well as diseases of the periodontal tissues. Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on periodontal tissues include the impact on parodontopatogens, regulation of the immune response and metabolism of the skeletal system.

Manasova Gulsym, Zelinsky Alexandr, Derishov Sergei, Kuzmina Natalia. О влиянии перинатального инфицирования на кальций-фосфорный гомеостаз и структурное состояние костной ткани у беременных = About influence of the perinatal infection on calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and structural condition of bone tissue in pregnant women. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):271-280. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50199 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3470 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2016. Revised 17.04.2016. Accepted: 17.04.2016. УДК 618.33-022.7-06: 616.71-008.92 О ВЛИЯНИИ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОГО ИНФИЦИРОВАНИЯ НА КАЛЬЦИЙ-ФОСФОРНЫЙ ГОМЕОСТАЗ И СТРУКТУРНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ 1Г. С. Манасова, 2А. А. Зелинский, 2С. В. Деришов, 3Н. В. Кузьмина 1Городской департамент здравоохранения, Одесса 2Одесский национальный медицинский университет 3КУ «Родильный дом №5», г. Одесса Реферат В статье представлены результаты исследования кальций-фосфорного гомеостаза у беременных с верифицированным перинатальным инфицированием (ВПИ) и остеопеническим синдромом. Материалы и методы. В динамике обследовано3 группы беременных: с ВПИ и клиническими и/или ультразвуковими проявленими инфекции (I-A – 192 пациентки), с ВПИ и без каких-либо проявлений инфекции (I-Б - 43); 128 здоровых женщин вошли в группу контроля (II). Содержание общего (Са) и ионизированного кальция (Са ++), фосфора в крови и экскреция Са с мочой определялись фотометрическим методом; состояние костной ткани – методом ультразвуковой денситометрии. Результаты исследования. Выявлено снижение концентрации общего и ионизированного кальция по мере увеличения срока беременности в основной ((1,89 ± 0,03) и (1,67 ± 0,05) ммоль/л) и контрольной ((2,41 ± 0,02) во 2-м, (2,16 ± 0,03)- в 3-ем триместрах (р < 0,001)) группах; у здорових женщин уровень кальция оставался в пределах физиологической концентрации, тогд как при ВПИ снижение его коцентрации было значительным со второго триместра. Изменения МПКТ у 9,78% беременных с ВПИ соответствовали остеопорозу уже при первичном обследовании, а у 71,91% - остеопеническому синдрому (ОПС). В группе контроля ОПС был выявлен только у 23,43% пациенток. Выводы. Концентрация кальция в крови по мере увеличения срока гестации характеризуется снижением и у здоровых беременных и у беременных с ВПИ; при инфицировании его уровень достоверно ниже. Вероятно, повышение потребности организма беременной в кальции при инфицировании не компенсируется физиологическими механизмами адаптации, характерными для здоровых женщин. Снижение МПКТ при ВПИ характеризуется более выраженными и более быстрыми темпами изменений по сравнению с аналогичными показателями в группе у здоровых беременных. Перинатальное инфицирование является одним из факторов риска развития остеопороза у беременных. Ключевые слова: беременность, костная ткань, кальций-фосфорный гомеостаз, инфицирование. About influence of the perinatal infection on calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and structural condition of bone tissue in pregnant women 1Gulsym Manasova, 2Alexandr Zelinsky, 2Sergei Derishov, 3Natalia Kuzmina 1Health Department of the City Council Odessa 2Odessa National Medical University, the Medical Faculty 3Communal Health Protection Institution “Maternity Hospital №5”, Odessa, Ukraine Аbstract The article presents the results of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis study in pregnant women with verified perinatal infection (VPI) and osteopenic syndrome. Materials and methods. 3 groups of pregnant women were examined in dynamics. There were 192 patients with VPI and clinical and/or ultrasound manifestations of infections (I-A), 43 patients had VPI without manifestations of infection (I-B); 128 healthy women constituted the control group (II). The content of general and ionized calcium, phosphorus in blood, and urinarium calcium excretion were defined by photometric method; bone tissue state was examined by ultrasound densitometry. Results. The reduction of total and ionized calcium concentration took place with increasing gestational age ((1,89 ± 0,03) and (1,67 ± 0,05) mmol / l) and control ((2,41 ± 0,02) in the 2nd, (2,16 ± 0,03) - in the 3rd trimester (p