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The article substantiates that environmental sustainability is an important component of food system sustainability and resilience of states, which actualizes the need to develop new methodological approaches to its comprehensive assessment. It has been proposed to use indicators of resource and environmental productivity of gross value added (general and sectoral) to assess environmental sustainability in Ukraine, which allow to determine the ability of macro- and meso-level economic systems to produce value added with a neutral or positive impact on the environment in the conditions of resource constraints, challenges and threats to the security environment. It has been proved that the basic elements, the functioning of which should be ensured by the implemented national resilience system, have an environmental dimension. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of trends in resource use (on the example of water, energy and land resources) by sectors of the Ukrainian economy on the basis of environmental sustainability and sustainable development. The assessment of water resources consumption revealed both positive and negative trends, which indicates uneven progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. The dynamics of the group of general indicators characterizing water use efficiency is positive. In the reporting year, the lowest levels of sectoral water productivity of gross value added were in the electricity sector and agriculture. The assessment of the sustainable use of energy resources in Ukraine showed a low level of implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. In 2020, the highest level of energy productivity of gross value added was inherent in agriculture, and the lowest in the energy and water supply sectors. A comprehensive assessment of land use revealed multi-vector trends in sustainable development. In the pre-war period, there was a significant increase in the volume of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied and the area of organic land. The organic market is characterized by a dominant export orientation of domestic organic raw materials and a low degree of their processing in Ukraine. The expected trends in resource use in the wartime and postwar periods have been determined through the prism of strategic priorities of postwar state development. In the post-war period, as economic entities resume their activities, a moderate increase in the consumption of water and energy resources, renewed growth trends in water and energy productivity of GDP, and electricity production from renewable sources in accordance with the priorities of the country's "green" transition have been expected. Sustainability of the domestic organic market will be facilitated by the formation of sustainable closed farm-to-table systems in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal, as well as the organization of processing of organic raw materials for the needs of domestic and foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]