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Understanding the concept of legal duty, its role and place in the life of modern society is impossible without recognizing how it was formed, what factors influenced its creation, development, diversity of types, methods of implementation and content. The history of the origin, formation, and development of legal duty deserves special attention in legal science, as the origins of human duties, which later transform into legal ones, can be traced back to the early stages of social life. Simultaneously with the birth of humanity, there is a need to regulate social relations between members of primitive society. In the process of gradual development, primitive society begins to establish certain rules of behavior, which relied on the traditionality and customary nature of certain actions. Such rules were mostly prohibitive in nature, endowed their addressees primarily with duties in the form of taboos, had a collective nature and did not provide for the need for their awareness by members of society or justification, that is, were taken for granted. Gradually, members of such a society developed ideas about desired behavior, the achievement of which was again conditioned by the establishment of certain duties. At the same time, individuals mastered the ability to be responsible to primitive society, to refrain from undesirable actions and, conversely, to choose the most socially useful behavior, which again indicates the gradual development of duty as a measure of proper behavior. Based on this, it can be argued that the history of legal duty begins with the emergence of archaic forms of society. Later, the state is formed, in which duty acquires specific properties, is provided by the apparatus of coercion in the hands of the state, claiming the role of the main regulator of social relations, thereby displacing a number of other social regulators. In the process of statehood development, the legal obligation is transformed, acquiring new features and receiving new approaches to its interpretation. That is why we consider it is expedient in this research to investigate certain aspects of the process of the genesis of a legal obligation, including focusing attention on modern patterns of its development, which made it possible to reach certain conclusions. Among other things, we can state insufficient attention to legal obligations, first of all, at the international level. This, in turn, can potentially create obstacles to the effective and full realization of fundamental human rights, since duties are a guarantee of the observance and realization of human rights. In order to properly develop the category of legal obligation in the near future, it is necessary to review the practice of its consolidation and interpretation, both at the national and international levels. In addition, an effective tool in the course of strengthening the position of legal duty and increasing its role will be educational activities within society, with an emphasis on the undeniable importance of the duty to realize the fundamental human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an increase in the complexity of Java software development and a change in the scope of projects, including an increase in the number of modules in projects. The multi-modularity of projects, although it improves manageability to a certain extent, but often creates a number of problems that can complicate development and, a problem that will appear in the future, require more resources to support. This article will analyze the main problems of monolithic multi-module Java projects and will try to consider a number of possible solutions to overcome the above problems. The article discusses the peculiarities of working with multi-module monolithic projects using Java as the main programming language. The purpose of this article is to identify features and obstacles using the above architectural approach of the software, analysis of the main possible issues of working with the monolithic multi-module Java projects, as well as providing recommendations for eliminating these obstacles or describing the features of the process that could help engineers in supporting this kind of projects. In other word the main goal of this work is to create recommendations, provide modern best practices for working with monolithic multi-modular software architecture and the most popular modern technological solutions used in corporate development. The proposed recommendations allow the team, primarily developers and the engineering side, to avoid possible obstacles that lead to the loss of efficiency of the monolithic software development process. The most important advantage, from the recommendations given in the article, is the optimization of resource costs (time, money and labor) for the development process. As a result of the article, a general list of recommendations was obtained, which allows the developer to better analyze what changes in the project should (if necessary) be made to optimize the development, assembly and deployment processes of a monolithic Java project, as well as advice before designing new software to avoid the main obstacles of monolithic architecture in the future.

In today’s conditions, we can observe distinctive features of soft and hard skills, which are presented for specialists of different professions. The purpose of the article is to develop an innovative approach to managing specialist qualifications by defining a skills index. Based on this goal, the paper solves the following research tasks of the article: - generalization of research to substantiate the characteristics and components of soft, hard, self and digital skills of a specialist; - substantiation of the conceptual foundations of the specialist skills index to determine the level of knowledge and skills. Professionals across various industries often wonder what essential skills are needed to grow and prosper in business. Debates continue about the choice between collaboration, adaptability, or professionalism with technical skills. The development of personal and professional skills through education, training and meaningful work are key factors in the economic success of the state, individual well-being and social cohesion. The methodological foundation of this study relies on a systematic approach, enabling the examination of a specialist’s skills index. To calculate this index, it’s imperative to construct a questionnaire comprising four skill groups: soft, hard, self, and digital. This will allow us to summarize the results and make calculations. Skills enumerated in the questionnaire are appraised for their importance via expert evaluation method. The list of skills and the weighting criterion should be adjusted for a particular study. The skills index of a specialist will range from a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of 1. Lower values of this index indicate a lack of necessary skills, and it is also possible to see in which group of skills there are «bottlenecks». After assessing the skills index, specialists, experts, or employees are divided into three conventional sectors: blue, yellow, and pink. The Blue sector includes people who have a wide range of skills (the index is greater than 0.5). Once in this sector, employees receive many benefits, such as bonuses, social packages, gifts, etc. This area continues to be actively developed. The «pink sector» encompasses people with an index value below 0.5, typically representing critical limits due to minimal skill levels. The intermediate sector consists of «promising employees» who constitute potential reserves and are actively engaged in developing their personal talents and abilities. It is undeniable that a well-formed set of soft, hard, self, and digital skills in a professional activity will ensure competitiveness in the labor market not only presently but also in the future.

Relevance. Enhancing the development of the machinery manufacturing sector significantly contributes to realizing sustainable economic development goals, thereby fostering sustainable growth opportunities across various scales, ranging from local to global. The active advancement of the machine-building sector, which serves as the foundation for sustainable societal progress, demands careful consideration of key factors for the effective operation of machinery manufacturing enterprises with investments being one of the foremost. This highlights the imperative for comprehensive research into the tangible impact of investments in securing the sustainable growth of machine-building businesses. Objective. The paper targets the conduct of analytical research on investment practices and approaches adopted by machine-building enterprises in European Union countries to specify the key investment factors for their sustainable development. Methods. The research is based on both general scientific and specialized methods of economic theory, including methods of theoretical synthesis and comparative analysis. Throughout the research, statistical data from the European Union regarding the operation and performance of machinery manufacturing enterprises were utilized and processed using analysis methods, including comparison, grouping, calculation of averages, and absolute growth. Furthermore, a rating methodology was implemented to identify European Union member states exhibiting the most favorable indicators about the status and dynamics of the machine-building industry. Results. A comprehensive analysis of contemporary scholarly advancements regarding the examination of the role of investments and effective methodologies for their implementation within the machine manufacturing industry was conducted. A grouping of 22 European Union member states was undertaken based on the criteria of the number of machine-building enterprises and indicators of its absolute growth over a ten-year temporal span. The 22 EU member states are grouped by the parameters of the number of machine-building enterprises and their absolute growth over a tenyear period. The average revenue and gross income per enterprise in the selected countries of the European Union’s machinery sector were studied, and based on the results, a ranking was conducted. Utilizing the established ranking of the top selected countries, a comprehensive analysis of key investment indicators was conducted, focusing on parameters that include investments in tangible assets, machinery and equipment, as well as human resources. An overview of investment practices by machinery manufacturing enterprises was undertaken, resulting in the identification of their respective strengths and weaknesses.

Highlight the purpose. Plant cover of our republic, especially forest ecosystems, has lost its original state as a result of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The study of the impact of these factors on biodiversity has been the focus of many experts. The settlement of the studied area since ancient times and the good development of agriculture have caused the degradation and erosion of the forest cover that covers large areas, as well as the vegetation that replaces each other in the altitude zones here. For this reason, the issues of protection and protection of vegetation are distinguished by their relevance. The main goal of our research is to protect the vegetation of forests that have changed their initial state. Objectives. Mountain geosystems of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus are bordered by the Russian Federation to the north, northwest, and west, the Samur-Devachi plain to the east, and the watershed line of the Greater Caucasus Range and Atachay to the south and southeast. Methods. Field studies were organized to solve the issues raised during the research period. Short-term visual observations of the existing geoecological conditions were carried out, from topographic maps and other maps (landscape, vegetation, etc.) of various scales, as well as from 1:25000 scale aerial and space images in the fund of the Institute of Ecology of MAKA, “Google” and “Bing” space images with a resolution of 1 meter in the funds, taken in the visible zone of the spectrum, obtained from various satellites in 2020-2023 and based on the application of SASPlanet, ArcGIS processing programs were used. With the help of these materials, the vegetation degradation and erosion processes of the research area were studied. Results. The northeast part of the Great Caucasus differs from the other mountainous regions for its appropriation features. For a long time appropriation of the investigated zone by the various farming areas caused a serious change in the natural geosystems. Thus, the zones where a hypsometric height of 200-500 m are mainly replaced by agro-complexes, the parts within 500-1800 m turned into a life and rest objects together with the arable and pastures, an irregular use from the summer pastures in cattle-breeding in the zones higher than 1800 m was completed by exposing of the plant cover to transformation. During assimilation, activation of ecological problems like decreased plant productivity, intensification of the erosion process, acceleration of degradation, and so on activates a problem of rational use. Defining importance, sensitiveness of plant cover, and rational use ways as protection, refusal of usage, extensive use of protection, development, extensive use, improvement, and development were determined.

The historical aspects of the formation and development of militia in Ukraine are studied, with special attention paid to its role during the revolutionary events and the civil war. The state of law and order in the Ukrainian lands in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, key legal aspects of the formation and initial stage of the militia functioning are analysed, and a scientific assessment of its activities in the context of complex revolutionary challenges is provided. The creation and development of the Soviet militia was a complex and ambiguous process, so the challenges faced by the newly formed militia during the revolutionary period are analysed. The historical factors that contributed to the creation and development of the militia, its transformation over time, and the formation of the modern police are studied. Historical experience shows that the establishment of the Soviet militia depended on many factors, namely: the gradual formation of tasks, powers and functions of the militia, the definition of the regulatory framework for its activities, the organisation of the system of administrative apparatus, coordination of efforts at the local and central levels, the resolution of personnel issues, etc. The necessity of studying the historical processes of formation of the modern police, its institutional origins in the context of the State development is emphasised, and the crucial role of the police in maintaining the rule of law, public order and security of citizens of modern Ukraine is noted. The study of historical factual material contributes to a better understanding of the evolution, nature and role of state institutions designed to protect Ukraine's sovereignty and solve other tasks in the field of national security and law enforcement in response to the needs of society, offering ideas for future effective strategies based on historical experience and current challenges.

The article discusses the transformation processes that have taken place in the management of enterprises in extremely changing conditions of their functioning, which is war. For sustainability and development, these processes require, in particular, rapid adaptation, revision of the following: paradigms of management, security, personnel policy, information flows, business processes and business models; implementation of the principles of inclusiveness and accessibility, cost optimization; introduction of modern digital technologies; increase of productivity. The aim of the article is to substantiate and systematize the transformation processes of enterprise management during the wartime. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: the main problems in the management of enterprises that hinder their development in wartime have been systematized and characterized; the main blocks that unite the transformation processes in the management of enterprises during wartime are allocated on the basis of an analysis of the experience of various Ukrainian and international companies, this will allow other economic entities to lead their enterprises to sustainability, success, and efficiency. As result of the study, the authors determined that the main challenge in management in peacetime and in wartime is the rapid variability of factors of external influence, which leads to ultra-risky managerial decisions. During the war, it is difficult to foresee all sources of risks in management decisions that affect the business processes of the enterprise. At that, challenges appear quickly due to the variability of external factors, which leads to the rapid adaptation of managerial decisions and the need for their urgent solution. The loss of planning ability directly affects the decrease in the efficiency of the enterprise. Therefore, enterprises are trying to form certain patterns to stabilize their activities in extremely changing conditions of their functioning. Obviously, management has become the key instrument in this. The ability to make management decisions quickly, adapt to changing external factors, and implement high-quality communication with the team are crucial for success. Despite the lack of a one-size-fits-all approach, adhering to these core principles helps leaders navigate wartime and lead their businesses to sustainability, success, and efficiency.

The development of agriculture is a key factor in the sustainable development of society in the future. The country's integration into the European community creates new opportunities for agriculture and, at the same time, requires innovative approaches to the development and competitiveness of the sector in the globalised world. The study was aimed at analysing and improving the existing strategic approaches to the development of agriculture in Ukraine based on increasing gross value added in the context of accelerated integration into the EU. A variety of methods was used, such as analytical, statistical, functional, systems analysis, deduction, synthesis, and comparison. The analysis of the development and distribution of gross domestic product and gross value added in agriculture of Ukraine and the EU, including the specifics of the development of gross value added in Ukrainian agriculture, was carried out. The influence of European integration processes on the development of agriculture, in particular, their needs and opportunities to increase gross value added, was investigated. A model of a cybernetic system with management in agriculture for the growth of gross value added in the context of accelerated integration into the EU has been developed, which allows substantiating the forecast of changes in the format of development of Ukrainian agriculture to avoid the economy as a raw material appendage of the EU. The results of the study showed that the development of agriculture in Ukraine based on increasing gross value added in the context of accelerated integration into the EU involves the use of a comprehensive strategy that considers the specifics of the industry, European innovative approaches, and best practices of in-depth processing of products of the European Union countries. The practical significance of the study was to develop specific practical recommendations and strategies for public administration bodies, agricultural enterprises to optimise the use of the available natural resource potential for the growth of agricultural production, introducing advanced technologies for its deep processing in order to accumulate gross value added, which is the basis for the development of agriculture

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the diversity of modern society and the complexity of conceptualising its management strategies. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a philosophical analysis of non-linear concepts and strategies for managing the society's development in the context of cultural and religious diversity. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, system-synergetic, historical, cultural, and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the management laws of society development. Results. The essence of non-linear theory and strategy as an alternative expression of the universal pattern of society development is revealed. The article analyses the genesis of non-linear conceptions of society development in the pre-industrial period. Non-linear strategies of social development in the era of industrialism are considered. Non-linear strategies of social development at the stage of late industrialism are highlighted. The meaning of the socio-cultural identity strategies of societies is clarified. The strategies of the original development of society in the cultures of Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism are substantiated. The peculiarities of the original development strategy of society in the culture of Japanese Shinto Buddhism are revealed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in deepening the theoretical foundations of non-linear strategic management of the development of societies of the Eastern and Middle Worlds, and their significance lies in supplementing science with new knowledge about non-linear strategies of development management in these societies.

The development of entrepreneurship is considered as a component of social development, which is carried out in three directions: evolutionary, involutional, and abrupt acceleration. The necessity of forming a policy of development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine is indicated and its main tasks are allocated, namely: increasing the volume of production and export of products of Ukrainian enterprises, the formation of new enterprises, ensuring the proper level of satisfaction of domestic demand with goods and services; demonopolization of markets for goods and services and establishment of effective competition in the domestic market; increase and diversification of employment; achievement of an effective fiscal return on business development while maintaining favorable conditions for its development. The general goals of entrepreneurship management include the process of forming a strategy for activity and development and adaptation of business processes of enterprise. It is noted that decision-making by entrepreneurs in conditions of uncertainty should be based on the study of its theoretical foundations, where it is considered in several types: when the results of activities are known and it is possible to predict them; when the results are known, but the probability of them cannot be estimated; when the results are not known and it is not possible to estimate the probability of their occurrence. For the purpose of effective management of the business structure, it is expedient to classify uncertainty by the following types: by methods of determining the probability of occurrence of cases and by the object of uncertainty. Among the main tasks of entrepreneurship management, reducing the likelihood of adverse events and avoiding negative consequences and risks, including strategic ones, are allocated, since the development and implementation of strategic management decisions are the basis for ensuring sustainable development of entrepreneurial entities. It is noted that changes in the institutional environment have an impact on the dynamics of uncertainty. In order to improve business conditions, informal and formal institutions must be aligned, which is a transformation of uncertainty. Directions for the development of entrepreneurial structures have been identified, which should coordinate their actions with the State structures to form an institutional environment. Among such areas, the following are highlighted: creation of commodity exchanges and wholesale markets for products of local producers; formation of market infrastructure of scientific and innovative activities; orientation of commercial banks to the real sector; creation of consulting and leasing firms; development of the stock market, including the formation of the corporate securities market; formation of logistics centers.

The article is devoted to the study of the historical formation of the law enforcement system of the USA, Great Britain and Ukraine on the basis of a comparative legal analysis of the key stages of the law enforcement agencies genesis. It is proved that the formation of the system of law enforcement bodies in a certain state is determined by the peculiarities of the state-legal system of this state and existing historical events, which became a trigger for changes both in regulatory and legal regulation, and in the implementation of the tasks of law enforcement bodies in practice. The choice as a basis for the analysis of the historical development of the law enforcement system of countries such as Ukraine, the United States of America, and Great Britain derives from one factor, namely the form of the state system, since, in our opinion, there is a hypothesis regarding the influence of the form of the state system on the development of law enforcement bodies on the territory of a certain country. On the basis of the applied comparative legal analysis, the essential stages of the development of law enforcement agencies of these states, the regulatory and legal enshrining of their competence, and the peculiarities of the practical implementation of their functions were studied and analyzed. It is justified that the historical development of states, their political interaction on the historical arena with other states, the development of economy and trade influenced and still influences the speed and intensity of the development of the law enforcement system. Thus, the belonging of the territories of Ukraine to different states caused the multi-stage formation of its law enforcement system as well as the obtaining of various foreign practices of its legal regulation. The administrative-territorial structure of the states, which was determined during the analysis of the experience of the United States of America, has no less influence: as a result of the federal structure of the state, we can talk about a three-tier system of law enforcement bodies at the level of the federation, individual states, and at the local level. The historical development of Great Britain contributed to the formation of various independent bodies within the law enforcement system, which was not observed in other studied states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that managerial innovations are still fuzzy and insufficiently studied in management theory and practice. As innovative management components emerged, people began to better understand that management is an important integrated factor that affects the expected performance of an economic entity. Without management, the creation and implementation of effective technologies, as well as a reasonable combination of social, informational, accounting, financial, economic and commercial factors are impossible. It is noted that, taking into account the specifics of the sphere of subsoil use, the generalization of approaches to innovation management allowed to identify that the most important is the organizational approach, which enables management to plan its activities, make effective managerial decisions on the basis of innovation. The author’s own definition of «subsoil use» is presented, which should be understood as the economic, managerial activity of State institutions, local governments, business entities, society and its individual groups, households regarding the use of subsoil for their own or commercial needs within the framework of geological exploration, mining, underground works that are not related to the extraction of minerals, protection of subsoil in scientific, geological, cultural, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic spheres, collection of materials and samples for various purposes of scientific and practical activities. It is determined that innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use is the process of managing significant changes in labor products, means of production, services and other innovative activity, which is one of the main directions of development of social production. It is concluded that innovative management of subsoil use helps to achieve synergistic results in the industry. This includes the achievement of socioeconomic and business values and is important for the development of policies that determine how to effectively implement innovative technologies in the management system of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the development of modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use (SSU). It is noted that economic activity in the sphere of subsoil use is quite specific, which requires the use of methods of effective management of natural resources, which will ensure their preservation for future generations. In turn, an effective innovation management system can become a useful instrument in modern competition and an incentive for the development of the subsoil use sector in Ukraine. It is noted that today, for the development of modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use, it is necessary to improve the organizational components of the management system and introduce new technologies and decision-making instruments. The general sequence of the innovation process and the principal conditions for the organization of innovation activity in the sphere of subsoil use are defined. Definitions of the principal conditions for the organization of management of innovation activity and its main characteristics in the SSU have proved that in the process of its implementation, all processes have certain features, as well as certain restrictions that are associated with the specifics of this area. The priority directions of management of innovation activity in the sphere of subsoil use in accordance with their programs of innovative development are determined. A system of management of innovation activity in the SSU has been proposed. It is determined that the management of innovation activity in the SSU is determined by the formation of the infrastructure of research and innovation-investment activities; introduction of generation, selection and use of innovations; identification and implementation of new market opportunities for the formation of innovative management projects in the SSU. It is concluded that modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use should be aimed at finding innovations in the management system of SSU, which in the future will provide an opportunity to combine all types of innovations and achieve a synergistic effect in this sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the importance of developing a logistic mechanism with a focus on ensuring the development of enterprise activities. The importance of such a mechanism is determined by a number of factors in the formation of the internal environment of the enterprise and its ability to adapt to market challenges. Particular importance of the logistic mechanism lies in the definition of rational managerial decisions that provide for a stable increase in the efficiency and development of the enterprise with a focus on meeting the interests of end consumers. Considerable attention is paid to the aspects of establishing the commodity turnover of enterprise, which are determined by the market challenges of building a logistics system and also trends in competition and changes in the consumer needs of buyers. It is emphasized that the logistic mechanism is a set of elements (principles, functions, tasks, etc.), which are aimed at achieving the aim and priorities of development of the enterprise. According to this approach, the built logistic mechanism is focused on creating an attractive environment for the development of new types of enterprise activities, which are largely related to digital technologies. Special attention is paid to the aspects of informatization of the enterprise’s logistic system and it is concluded that the management of logistic flows will increasingly involve the transition to digital platforms and networks in order to choose optimal and more efficient routes for the supply of products. Also, the main guidelines of the logistic mechanism include the systematic management of all flow operations and their coordination with the strategic goals of the enterprise’s development, achieving minimum costs, while saving the time and volume of delivery, increasing the efficiency of using the resource provision of the enterprise and its optimization when establishing new directions of product logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the use of IT technologies to ensure the innovative development of agriculture. Three key innovation-oriented priorities of agrarian business in Ukraine have been identified: precision agriculture (application of such technology allows to save significantly (about 15%) fertilizers, fuels, optimize field management system, innovations in field accounting and analysis, ERP business management systems that promote The use of agricultural information technology in agriculture has led to the modernization of crop treatment methods and field management systems. domestic and global agricultural entities: geographic information technologies in agriculture and GPS agriculture, relevant satellite images for agriculture, drones and other aerial photographs, innovative info agricultural technologies and various online data; aggregation of data sets. Implementation of practical tools with the use of information on agricultural activities helps to make sound business decisions and meet the established requirements of environmentally friendly production for cereals. Agrinova Group's activities are focused on increasing the productivity of agricultural production, thus offering effective innovative information technologies within the business services of such a company. It has been proven that using IT technologies, farmers get significant benefits that are constantly evolving. The main benefits include: minimizing the consumption of water, various nutrients and fertilizers, reducing the negative impact directly on the ecosystem, reducing chemical runoff to groundwater, increasing efficiency, lower prices and more. IT technologies in the system of precision agriculture are characterized: technology of variable norms; soil sampling using GPS; computer programs; remote sensing. It is determined that spatial images and tools for their presentation, which are used in precision farming, help farmers to identify urgent problem points, decide which method should be used in the target area and calculate the best model of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the causal nexus of the parameters of financial and economic security and the development of priority sectors of the national economy (on the example of agriculture, industry, construction, and transport in Ukraine) in the years 2010-2021. The results of the causal analysis showed the greatest degree of variability in the development of Ukrainian industry from the production, economic, credit and debt components of its financial security; agriculture, forestry, and fisheries – the security of money circulation and the credit component of financial security; construction, transport, warehousing, postal and courier – all components of financial security, except investment. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of tools for modelling the impact of policy measures of strengthening financial and economic security on the development of priority sectors of the national economy, which allows for predicting the consequences of the implementation of the state security policy in the field of structural and institutional changes.

In the process of studying the conceptual bases of managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes, methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods, procedures of induction and deduction, graphical and logical method, method of financial and economic, cluster and statistical analysis are used. The methodological ground of the study is parametric and integral methods of evaluation, the results of which allow to improve the conceptual bases for managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes. The article improves the conceptual bases for managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes, which provide for an empirical study of the convergent features of the functioning of industrial enterprises and the identification of problems of transparency in the development of their individual divisions, allowing for making sound managerial decisions and creating conditions for the implementation of potential investment reserves, focusing on the formation of intellectual, informational, analytical and material resources, as well as on the interaction between the links of the organizational structure and the regulatory framework. This determines an increase in the interest of the administrative apparatus in ensuring continuous and stable development, as well as a strategic orientation, which necessitates an analysis of the impact of management and investment target programs on the level of transparency in the development of industrial enterprises, defining the role of the mechanism of radical changes in the development management system; establishing renovation requirements for strategically relevant parameters of change; creating the basis for the implementation of radical changes at the level of strategic management which requires a systematic reformatting of interaction with the external environment and the internal organization of processes, technologies, and structure.

The article presents the results of three years of research on the effectiveness of the influence of the biological product Phytohelp, mineral fertiliser Drip Fert N15P5K30+МЕ and bioadhesive Liposam on the structure of the winter garlic yield of the Lyubasha variety under drip irrigation. The relevance of the research is due to the search for new approaches to the development of technological methods for growing winter garlic, taking into account the specific conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest-Steppe. The purpose of the article is to establish the optimal doses and the ratio between them to achieve an increase in the quality and yield of winter garlic. The study was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Vegetable Growing of the National Assessed Contribution of Ukraine of the Uman National University of Horticulture on podzolised heavy loamy black soil in 2017-2019. As a result, it was proved that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on podzolic chernozem under drip irrigation, a higher yield was obtained in plots with the combined use of the biological product Phytohelp at a rate of 1-2 l/ha, mineral fertiliser Drip Fert N15P5K30+МЕ and bioadhesive Liposam at a rate of 1 l/ha. This resulted in an increase of 9.0-10.6 t/ha compared to the control variant, respectively. Using the biopreparation Phytohelp and bioadhesive Liposam at a rate of 2/1 and 1/1 l/ha, a yield of 16.6-17.1 t/ha was obtained, where the increase to the control was 7.7-8.2 t/ha. The effect of foliar fertilisation with Drip Fert N15P5K30+ME (4 g/2 l of water or 0.5 c/ha) on the yield of winter garlic was determined. The increase to the control was 1.6%. The results of this study may be useful for agricultural enterprises and farmers who grow garlic and other crops

It is determined that the implementation of a qualitative analysis of the formation of strategic guidelines for the convergence of investment processes makes it possible to ensure the appropriate strategically relevant level of financial and economic sustainability of industrial enterprises and investment and innovation development; target strategic level of profitability; creation of an information-adaptive platform for the flexibility of the system for management of the investment processes. The dominant strategic directions for achieving the conditions for convergence of investment processes of industrial enterprises are the timely identification of synergy of managerial effects of development transparency on the basis of testing the presence of ? convergence. At this, a strategically important factor of synergistic influence is both external one, which is aimed at checking the compliance of transparent economic results of enterprises and a certain ? level of convergence of investment processes with the current adaptive-established norms, and the internal factor, the purpose of which is to ensure the implementation of transparent decisions, as well as to prevent undesirable consequences when changing the strategic and economic norms of the level of transparency of development. It is concluded that the economic identification of structuring the synergetic relationship of managerial effects and ? convergence covers their strategic dominants, which form the integrity of the transparency of development, their relations with other dominants of convergent influences and the external environment. Synergy of managerial effects and testing of ? convergence are taken into account as factors that can increase the level of competitiveness, the level of price/quality ratio and the level of cost/quality (the former is determined by consumers, we are talking about the price they are willing to pay and the quality they trust, the latter is production), and the level of efficiency of the process organization, which defines them as the highest priority criteria for transparency in the development of enterprises in terms of vector and rank orientation. Thus, in order to increase the level of variability of the impact of the synergy of managerial effects of transparency in the development of industrial enterprises on the level of ? convergence, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the industry and the real conditions of industrial enterprises, to develop and implement a strategically relevant set of measures, among which the strategically dominant directions are, as a matter of course, increasing the level of profitability in the context of convergence of investment processes.

The article defines the socio-ecological aspects of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that innovative management in the field of subsoil use is a separate branch of management and relevant activity, which arose and developed as a result of contradictory trends in the growth of subsoil use and limited opportunities for their effective involvement in economic processes. It is noted that the social aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use require an appropriate assessment to obtain an adequate answer to the question of the effectiveness of this type of management. It is determined that the ecological aspects of innovation management in the field of subsoil use are considered very important, since the modern competitive environment requires that ecological responsibility becomes the life philosophy of an economic entity and be the basis for building relationships with suppliers and consumers, as well as local communities. The principles and directions of improvement of innovation management on ecological issues in the field of subsoil use in Ukraine are determined. Attention was focused on ecological audit, which is a tool for determining how production activities meet national and international standards of sustainable development. It is noted that due to the full-scale war in Ukraine, the responsibility of each business entity for the preservation and restoration of the environment is growing. It is concluded that the socio-ecological aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use form the basis for the interest and combination of interests of the State, business and society to achieve a certain balance in matters of national security, meeting the needs of the population in public goods and ecological development on the basis of innovativeness, which in the future will create conditions for the formation and implementation of appropriate ecological strategies that will contribute to the development of education and science, social protection of the population, reducing the outflow of highly qualified workers, increasing innovative activity in the country’s economy, etc.

Background. Nutrition during growth and development affects various traits not only in larvae but also imago including lifespan, reproduction, feeding, metabolism, and stress resistance. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis of whether the dietary protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in the developmental diet could be related to subsequent changes in metabolic profile and physiological parameters in Drosophila larvae and imago. Materials and Methods. Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain were used in this study. Larvae were fed diets with different P:C ratios. Experimental media were composed of either 2 % or 5 % dry yeast and 0 %, 1 %, or 10 % of sucrose. We tested developmental rate, wet or dry body weight and the levels of certain metabolites inclu­ding glucose, glycogen, triacylglycerides and total lipids. The developmental rate was assessed by counting the number of generated pupae every 6/6/12 hours. For wet or dry weight measurement, 20 larvae or flies were weighed and transferred to plastic vial with a cut bottom. The flies were dried at 60 °C with the subsequent weighing after two days. Another two-day flies cohort were separated by sex and frozen in liquid nitrogen for further biochemical assays. Hemolymph glucose, total lipid concentration, triacyl­glycerides (TAG), body glucose and glycogen contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Results. We found that a low 0.08 P:C ratio in the diet slowed down pupation by ~20 % and decreased body weight in larvae. Hemolymph glucose levels in both larvae and imago were inversely associated with dietary P:C. Larvae developing on a diet with a low P:C ratio displayed a lower level of glycogen pool, but a higher level of lipids. Developmental dietary P:C ratio also influences metabolic traits such as hemolymph glucose, glycogen, TAG and total lipids in male and female imago. A higher total protein intake combined with restriction of sucrose consumption had glucose-lowering and lipids-lowering effects. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that nutritional conditions during larval development trigger adaptive changes that provide a level of regulation necessary to surpass dietary stress in Drosophila imago.

It is determined that one of the priorities in any national economy is the problem of forecasting and assessing the level of transparency of development, quality and reliability of functioning of industrial enterprises, their technological and economic subsystems. This has a direct impact on the level of investment, the nature of financing, the distribution of costs for the production of finished products with the achievement of a given quality and reliability, as well as on the financial condition and image. In addition, it has a direct proportional effect on the well-being of society and the quality of life of the population. On the other hand, investing in the real sector of the economy requires banks and other investors not only to optimize investment programs, but also to take into account the specifics of financial, production, economic and socioeconomic activities of industrial enterprises as market participants, and, accordingly, application of models that appropriately link investments with sales policies, production, management, staff, location of production facilities, taxation, etc. It is concluded that the positive level of management of transparency of development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes is inseparable from the processes of planning, regulation, control and forecasting of production and technological processes, as well as the allocation of resources in the process of performing certain complex tasks. Determining the optimal options for current and future development is often associated with solving large-dimensional optimization problems with a large number of different conditions and constraints (for example, requirements for the completeness of variables combined with requirements for the absence of time losses), which, due to their extreme nature, complicate the solution of such problems. Effective methods for optimizing multi-purpose investment decisions in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes include methods for analyzing the usefulness of goals, criteria and alternatives, including those with several vectors; methods of hierarchy of goals, taking into account a number of advantages; information about the chosen strategy, alternatives, their parameterization, stochasticity, substitution ratios, and other characteristics. All these factors can be taken into account for the classification of models of multi-purpose and program-target solutions and the use of the most effective of them when choosing the optimal investment solution in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes.

The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the formation of innovative and ecological aspects of the development of domestic entrepreneurship in conditions of turbulence. The main motives for the introduction of ecological innovations at domestic enterprises are considered, the possibility of creating a new management system on the basis of innovation policy and synergetic space is considered. The ways and mechanisms of increasing innovation and ecological activities are described and methods of implementation are proposed. It is analyzed that the improvement of the innovation management system and the development of the internal business environment involves changes in the sphere of planning, employment of the population of the region, promotion of products, interaction of the authorities, domestic entrepreneurship, as well as knowledge management. Innovations in the field of business management will provide a long-term competitive advantage to specific areas and contribute to their development, taking into account and combining scientific and technological solutions with administration and innovation management. Particular attention is paid to domestic enterprises in the ecological aspect – for the implementation of innovative and ecological activities, business strategies and the search for a balance between profit, ecological protection and social justice. On the basis of the carried out analysis of the ecological aspects of innovation activity, important characteristics of innovative development of domestic enterprises have been allocated and an understanding of this economic category has been provided. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific papers, the main directions of innovative development of enterprise are determined, as well as the main motivational principles in this area are considered. Today, in order to overcome the innovation and ecological crisis, it is important to develop and implement ecologically friendly and cost-effective innovations. Ecological innovations, like other types of innovation, are aimed at making a profit and reducing costs, but their specificity is manifested in social, cultural and ethical contexts.

This work focuses on the study of the features of modern urbanism, the development of «smart cities» in the context of the formation of the digital economy. With this in mind, special attention is paid to the development of digital tools – as one of the driving forces of the modern digital economy – and the possibility of its effective use for the development of modern urbanism. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the features of modern urbanism in the context of the formation of the digital economy and possible vectors of its further development. The main methods of research are: methods of analysis and synthesis – to determine the features of urbanism and the characteristics of its elements, which directly depend on the conditions of the digital economy; methods of induction and deduction – to determine the modern vector of urban development and the formation of the digital economy; comparison methods – to describe the elements of urbanism that depend on the current conditions of the digital economy; tabular and graphical methods – for visual display of the results of the presented research. The main results of the research include the following conclusions: digital technologies allow the development of the conception of «smart city», where sensors, the Internet of Things, data analytics and artificial intelligence are used to optimize the management of urban resources, reduce energy consumption, improve the transport system, ensure safety and improve the quality of life of residents; government agencies can use digital technologies to improve the operation of city services and units, provide online services to citizens, e-governance, and ensure openness and transparency in city governance; large amounts of data collected from sensors, mobile apps, public systems, and other sources allow for detailed analysis of the urban environment. The digital economy creates new opportunities for public engagement in urbanization processes. Mobile apps, online platforms and social networks allow city residents to take an active part in decision-making on the development of their city, express their needs and opinions.

The aim of the article is to study the evolution of scientists’ views on the category of human capital and to reproduce the genesis of this scientific category. Human capital is considered in the article as a multifactorial intellectual system that explores the emergence, development, formation and improvement under the influence of objective and subjective factors. The article analyzes the history of the development of economic thought and the evolution of the theory of human capital. A study of the system of scientific tools of representatives of mercantilism, the school of physiocrats, classical political economy, marginalism, neoliberalism, neoclassical theory, Keynesianism, institutional school and neo-institutionalism is carried out and the possibilities of its application in the global context of human development are determined. The objective economic, organizational, historical, scientific-technical, social and institutional prerequisites for the formation of the conception of human capital are defined. The conception of human capital is a new socioeconomic paradigm, the basis for the formation of which was the transition from the traditional economic system of development to the modern or innovative system. Within the framework of the theory of human capital, a person is considered through the prism of economic processes: social production, reproduction, economic activity. This was the basis for the rapid formation and spread of the theory of human capital. Objective reality emphasizes the importance of the formation and effective use of human capital, and significant scientific achievements on this issue confirm the long process of evolutionary development and relevance regardless of time intervals. The directions for further research include the development of methods for assessing human capital, in particular on the basis of the Human Development Index, a powerful tool for analyzing global processes and transformations in society.

The main method for estimating the level of arterial blood oxygenation is pulse oximetry, which has the advantages of being fast, simple, reliable, and non-invasive. However, in well-known pulse oximeters, oxygen saturation is determined only by hemoglobin functional fractions, which reduces the device accuracy and is unacceptable in certain clinical cases. The known pulse oximeter improvement that considers the dysfunctional fraction concentration, especially carboxyhemoglobin, when measuring the level of blood oxygenation is an actual scientific and technical task. The research subjects. Mathematical, algorithmic, and technical support of a pulse oximeter that measures blood oxygenation levels considering the carboxyhemoglobin concentration. Objective. To expand the pulse oximeter functionality to consider the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in arterial blood. Methods. Methods of computer simulation for developing a model and estimating the pulse oximeter accuracy that measures the blood oxygenation level considering the carboxyhemoglobin concentration. Results. The theoretical statements of measuring the level of blood oxygenation considering the carboxyhemoglobin concentration and the simplest pulse oximeter structural diagram for measuring are developed. An additional LED used in the pulse oximeter is proposed, and the wavelength choice is justified on the condition of maximizing the carboxyhemoglobin contribution to the optical density of the biological object. Computer models of a traditional pulse oximeter and a pulse oximeter with an additional LED were developed, simulation research was conducted using the developed models, and the device accuracy for measuring the level of blood oxygenation was estimated considering the carboxyhemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Simulation studies based on the developed models show that the proposed pulse oximeter, compared with the known one, allows determining and estimating a decrease in blood oxygenation caused by the carboxyhemoglobin concentration increasing in the patient’s blood. Considering that light is also absorbed by the third derivative of hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, increases the accuracy of the proposed pulse oximeter in measuring functional saturation.

In the investment environment, which is formed under the influence of management processes in the real sector of the economy, a kind of «vicious circle» arises: the use of outdated, technologically backward production equipment leads to the production of products that lose both price and especially non-price competitiveness, which leads to a decrease in investment attractiveness and complicates the attraction of investment loans. The blitz-scaling strategy has become popular in various industries, including the technology sector. Companies, able to scale their products or services quickly, can find success in the market by means of a rapid gaining of a share. That being said, results may vary depending on the specific industry and market conditions. In recent years, the importance of digital transparency has become even greater due to the demands of society and the growing role of ethical aspects in doing business. Businesses that demonstrate openness and responsibility in the use of digital technologies can expect greater support and trust from customers, investors, and the public. Ensuring transparency and high standards of ethics is crucial to trusting customers and partners because of the ethical aspects of the use of digital technologies. The strategic configuration of enterprise transparency management based on digital coherence is not just a task for enterprises, but also a necessity for their success in the era of digital transformation. Consistent implementation of these principles will allow not only to survive in the face of change, but also to thrive, realizing its existing and hidden potential in a world where digitalization is becoming the norm. Building a model of strategic configuration of enterprise development transparency management based on digital coherence is an important aspect of successful functioning in the modern digital world. This is the basis for the development of strategic plans, which determines the vector of development, avoids differences in the understanding of tasks, contributing to the formation of a common understanding of the goal and ways to achieve it. All these aspects of building transparency in enterprise development through digital technologies pave the way for sustainable success and increased competitiveness in a rapidly changing business environment.

The article forms an organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability. It is noted that the process of development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine is complex due to the lack of effective tools, methods, means, levers and regulators of innovative development of economic systems. These elements are interrelated and comprise the innovation mechanism of the business entity. The conception of sustainable development is fundamental for studying the nature of development of innovative entrepreneurship (both an individual enterprise and the country’s economy as a whole), since it takes into account different directions of development, on the one hand, and provides for the use of various tools to ensure development, taking into account its components, on the other hand. The basic provisions and prerequisites for the formation of an organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability are defined. It is noted that the development of innovative entrepreneurship depends on the conception of sustainable development, which takes into account various aspects of the activities of enterprises and their impact on society. In particular, the conception of sustainable development orients the business entity to ensure social responsibility, economical use of resources, respect for resources and their conservation, respect for the environment in which it operates, and increasing the level of environmental safety. It is concluded that the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability and providing it with all the necessary resources is a determining condition for economic growth and transformation of the economic system of our country. The formed organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability will allow to achieve equilibrium for participants in the innovation process under the following conditions: improving the quality of scientific potential; improvement of scientific and technical potential; formation of highly qualified productive forces; creation of an appropriate regulatory framework; attraction of investments in innovations; formation of a developed market innovation infrastructure.

The article discusses the features and reasons for the development of electric vehicles in the context of intensifying globalization processes and limited resources. It is substantiated that motorization is a key factor in the development of developed countries. Therefore, the presence of a competitive and well-functioning automotive market is an important condition for successful economic growth. The experience of foreign countries in stimulating the production and consumption of electric vehicles has been studied. Current trends in the development of the global electric vehicle market have been analyzed. It has been found that more than a third of the global market (over 36%) of electric vehicles is occupied by three manufacturers: BYD, Tesla and Volkswagen. An analysis of the global electric vehicle market by country shows that three countries are the leaders in electric vehicle sales: China, Europe, and the United States. It has been observed that China is ahead of other leading countries in terms of electric vehicle consumption, and the following companies have the greatest demand for electric vehicles in its market: BYD, SAIC and Tesla. Chinese manufacturers are showing faster growth rates in electric vehicle production than leading American and European companies. The article classifies the problems of development of the global market for electric vehicles: the global energy crisis, shortage of resource components for electric vehicles, the Covid-19 pandemic, uneven development of countries, institutional factors. Taking into account current global development trends, we conclude that the global electric vehicle market will develop at a rapid pace, effectively solving the problems hindering the growth of electric vehicle production. It has been substantiated that Ukraine has the potential to produce electric vehicles. Using the latest Industry 4.0 technologies and research and production potential, Ukraine can produce cars of a new generation, since developments in this area do not stop. Based on the graphic of the Ukrainian alphabet «Ruthenia», a sample trademark for the national electric vehicle has been developed and proposed. It has been established that this graphic most closely matches the functions and requirements of developing a national trademark. The proposed trademark reflects the features of the national manufacturer, indicates the latest technologies and will attract the attention of consumers.

The article defines the socio-ecological aspects of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that innovative management in the field of subsoil use is a separate branch of management and relevant activity, which arose and developed as a result of contradictory trends in the growth of subsoil use and limited opportunities for their effective involvement in economic processes. It is noted that the social aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use require an appropriate assessment to obtain an adequate answer to the question of the effectiveness of this type of management. It is determined that the ecological aspects of innovation management in the field of subsoil use are considered very important, since the modern competitive environment requires that ecological responsibility becomes the life philosophy of an economic entity and be the basis for building relationships with suppliers and consumers, as well as local communities. The principles and directions of improvement of innovation management on ecological issues in the field of subsoil use in Ukraine are determined. Attention was focused on ecological audit, which is a tool for determining how production activities meet national and international standards of sustainable development. It is noted that due to the full-scale war in Ukraine, the responsibility of each business entity for the preservation and restoration of the environment is growing. It is concluded that the socio-ecological aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use form the basis for the interest and combination of interests of the State, business and society to achieve a certain balance in matters of national security, meeting the needs of the population in public goods and ecological development on the basis of innovativeness, which in the future will create conditions for the formation and implementation of appropriate ecological strategies that will contribute to the development of education and science, social protection of the population, reducing the outflow of highly qualified workers, increasing innovative activity in the country’s economy, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is determined that the implementation of a qualitative analysis of the formation of strategic guidelines for the convergence of investment processes makes it possible to ensure the appropriate strategically relevant level of financial and economic sustainability of industrial enterprises and investment and innovation development; target strategic level of profitability; creation of an information-adaptive platform for the flexibility of the system for management of the investment processes. The dominant strategic directions for achieving the conditions for convergence of investment processes of industrial enterprises are the timely identification of synergy of managerial effects of development transparency on the basis of testing the presence of β convergence. At this, a strategically important factor of synergistic influence is both external one, which is aimed at checking the compliance of transparent economic results of enterprises and a certain β level of convergence of investment processes with the current adaptive-established norms, and the internal factor, the purpose of which is to ensure the implementation of transparent decisions, as well as to prevent undesirable consequences when changing the strategic and economic norms of the level of transparency of development. It is concluded that the economic identification of structuring the synergetic relationship of managerial effects and β convergence covers their strategic dominants, which form the integrity of the transparency of development, their relations with other dominants of convergent influences and the external environment. Synergy of managerial effects and testing of β convergence are taken into account as factors that can increase the level of competitiveness, the level of price/quality ratio and the level of cost/quality (the former is determined by consumers, we are talking about the price they are willing to pay and the quality they trust, the latter is production), and the level of efficiency of the process organization, which defines them as the highest priority criteria for transparency in the development of enterprises in terms of vector and rank orientation. Thus, in order to increase the level of variability of the impact of the synergy of managerial effects of transparency in the development of industrial enterprises on the level of β convergence, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the industry and the real conditions of industrial enterprises, to develop and implement a strategically relevant set of measures, among which the strategically dominant directions are, as a matter of course, increasing the level of profitability in the context of convergence of investment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national defence industry concentrates on military, electronic, information and space technologies. In the near future, Ukraine's defence industry may become one of the most knowledge-intensive industrial sectors of the economy. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to assess the capacity of Ukrainian defence enterprises to produce weapons and military equipment to ensure national security. The research aims not only to assess the problems of the defence industry under martial law but also to ensure the effective development of the defence industry sectors by identifying priority areas of funding. It was found that the current state of the Ukrainian defence industry does not meet the current realities of the time, especially in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The provision of equipment and weapons to military units is at a low level. It is found that the renewal of modern models of weapons and military equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, before the full-scale invasion, was less than 1%, which in turn did not allow to compensate for the rate of ageing of existing weapons. The authors suggest ways to support the development of Ukraine's defence industry, in particular, through the creation of a Defence Industry Development Fund. The authors propose to create a Defence Industry Development Fund using public and private sources of funding not prohibited by the legislative framework of Ukraine, which will expand the capabilities of defence industry enterprises to produce weapons and military equipment. The creation of a system of multi-level continuous education in the defence industry and long-term conditions for the sustainable development of the defence industry's human resources will allow to engage in capacity building and reach a new level of support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the implementation of NATO standards.

Formulation of the problem. The study examines knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) firms' capability to access, process, and transform information into innovation. KIBS are defined as facilitators, carriers of knowledge, and sources of innovation for other sectors. KIBS play an important role in the production, use, and transfer of knowledge to the manufacturing sector. KIBS activities do not demonstrate a uniform structure within themselves, so a dual classification as professional services (P-KIBS) and technological services (T-KIBS) based on functioning and input has been developed. KIBS activities are concentrated in large cities. Major cities or capitals have well-developed infrastructure, public administration centers, advanced social activities, and numerous research institutes and universities. All of them attract a highly skilled population. Regarding metropolitan city economic growth, KIBS stand out because of their high added value, high income, high innovation returns, and high financial capacity, and they contribute to development. The purpose. The present study aims to reveal the innovative capacities and dynamics of P-KIBS and T-KIBS firms operating in the metropolitan area of Ankara, Turkey's capital city. To reach this aim, Turkey's capital city Ankara is analyzed by using the results of a questionnaire applied to 410 small and medium-sized (SMEs) KIBS firms, 146 of which are P-KIBS firms and other 264 are T-KIBS firms. Methods. In the course of the research and preparation of the article, the authors used several scientific methods, both philosophical and general scientific, as well as specific scientific methods. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and hypothetical-deductive method, mathematical-statistical and spatial analysis, methods of grouping and classification, questionnaires and surveys, etc., were used. The results. There are notable differences between the P-KIBS and T-KIBS firms, considering their spatial distribution patterns and the dynamics of their innovation processes. The spatial distribution patterns of the KIBS firms were revealed. While T-KIBS activities demonstrate a spatial clustering tendency independent of the CBD, the P-KIBS firms prefer to locate within the CBD or its vicinity. KIBS sectors generally prefer to be situated by high-income residents, new settlements, secure and prestigious areas close to large public institutions such as ministries and general directorates. It was revealed that the T-KIBS firms are most densely located in the CBD and newly developing business districts of Balgat and Söğütözü, and in the Technology Development Zones of Ankara. P-KIBS firms, on the other hand, are more widely spread in the Çankaya and Yenimahalle districts. It was found that advances in information and communication technologies have a varied impact on the location selection preferences of P-KIBS and T-KIBS enterprises. According to the research results, the factors influencing the clustering of P-KIBS companies and T-KIBS firms were identified and determined. There is a significant relationship between the innovative P-KIBS and T-KIBS firms and their collaboration with other institutions. As a result of the the study, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between collaboration, R&D, intrafirm and extrafirm social relationships on the innovation of KIBS firms and also contrasting innovation dynamics related to different classes of KIBS in metropolitan areas.

It is determined that under the current conditions of intensification of competition struggle between domestic industrial enterprises and increasing market pressure from foreign competing firms, there is an urgent issue of highlighting the process of managing development transparency as one of the most important criteria for efficiency of the activities. The mechanism for managing the transparency of enterprise development on a synectic-compensatory basis, which is implemented in the context of convergence of investment processes, is formed due to the complex reflection of the dynamism and variability of economic interests and parametrization of the effective process of their balancing in a dynamic model of formation and use of the development potential of enterprises and in the presence of high quality of managerial decisions in comparison with competitors, which provides industrial enterprises with a competitive position in the market and forms a sustainable level of their development. That is, the effectiveness of managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes will be determined by the ability of the management system to achieve the set goals, outlining the need for their systematic and analytical research. It is appropriate to assess the quality and efficiency of the management system at industrial enterprises through the construction of a balanced system of signifiers and indicators, which is the basis for assessing the effectiveness of enterprises’ operation and is aimed at achieving their strategic goals. The unity of the backbone basis of the developed management mechanism in accordance with the managerial efficiency is confirmed by the consolidation of the elements of its construction, which is actualized in the format of accumulation of changes as a reflexive reaction to the processes of transformation. This allows to comprehensively manage all components of transparency in the development of enterprises in order to increase their efficiency, optimal organization of investment, supply, production and sales activities of the enterprise, reduce logistics costs, provide production with the necessary material resources and their effective use, optimize material, financial and information flows.

The article examines the current state and trends in the development of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine during the wartime. The structure of import-export operations of the metallurgical industry is studied. The behavior of key countries – players in the world market of metallurgical products is analyzed. The theoretical basis of the study was the scientific developments of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, whose works allowed to systematize and propose the structure of procedures, approaches, mechanisms, and an algorithm for developing an anti-crisis strategy for metallurgical enterprises. By means of systematization, the authors propose a number of stages in the development of an anti-crisis strategy, namely: analysis of internal factors; analysis of external factors; formation of an anti-crisis strategy; implementation and control. The factors for the formation of the anti-crisis strategy are determined, which include six groups, while each of the groups is divided into additional elements. Taking into account these factors ensures the adaptability of the enterprise to modern external and internal challenges and ensures its sustainable growth. It is proposed to use the mechanism for developing an anti-crisis strategy, which consists of eight blocks, reflecting the directions of proactive activity to study and overcome crisis phenomena that arise both inside and outside the enterprise. The aspects of developing an anti-crisis strategy for metallurgical enterprises have been systematized and updated, forming the basis of an adaptive mechanism, thanks to which the enterprise will be able to maintain a positive performance of its main activity and respond in a timely manner to changes and challenges, and most importantly – to take preventive measures to avoid such circumstances and build its own activities on the principle of prevention. This study will be useful for theorists and practitioners of crisis planning, management and control, development of strategies and behavior of enterprises in a changing environment.

The article examines that the orientation of enterprise development to its security is caused by a high level of uncertainty, especially of the external environment of its activity. The content of the concept of «security-oriented development of enterprise» is disclosed, its distinctiveness from the development of enterprise is shown. The vectors of security-oriented development of enterprise (product, technological, market and organizational) are analyzed and their place in the architecture of security-oriented development of enterprise is shown. The security-oriented development of an enterprise is possible in the presence of certain prerequisites that lay down its initial provisions, assumptions, and prerequisites. The prerequisites for the security-oriented development of an enterprise are divided into two groups by their nature – opportunities and threats. The contents of the concepts of «opportunities for security-oriented development of enterprise» and «threats to security-oriented development of enterprise» are disclosed, their general lists are provided. Opportunities and threats to the security-oriented development of enterprise are divided into real, potential, and unpredictable. The probabilistic nature of potential and unforeseen opportunities and threats to the security-oriented development of enterprise is shown. The similar nature of opportunities and threats to the security-oriented development of enterprise is disclosed and their common feature – dynamism, due to which they do not remain static, but are constantly changing, is revealed, which should be taken into account in decisions on the development of enterprise and ensuring its security. The features of solving the issue of the priority of choosing the vector of development with the subsequent formation of a set of necessary changes in the activities of an enterprise or the formation of a set of possible changes as the basis for choosing a vector of its development are shown. It is noted that in order to overcome the limitations of qualitative assessment of opportunities and threats to the security-oriented development of enterprise it is necessary to find ways to quantify them, which, although quasi-quantitative, will be a more objective assessment.

The aim of the article is to study the dichotomous influence of the globalization process on the development of the labor potential of enterprise, also to find directions to reduce the negative impact of this influence. The article emphasizes that for competitive existence under the influence of globalization factors, modern industrial enterprises need to use new approaches to the development of labor potential. The existing approaches to determining the essence of the labor potential of enterprises are analyzed and it is found that the main attention of researches was paid to the influence of internal or external factors. Instead, the author has proposed to consider the definition of labor potential from the point of view of the dichotomous influence of the globalization process with the subsequent search for ways to reduce the negative impact of this influence. The processes of formation and development of the labor potential of enterprise are singled out and detailed with the help of comparative characterization. I. e.: it is determined that the formation of labor potential is a continuous process that lasts throughout the entire period of functioning of the labor force and covers the qualitative and quantitative aspects of its formation. Simultaneously, the process of development of labor potential means the acquisition of new characteristics and properties that contribute to its optimization and increase in efficiency. It is determined that the use of labor potential can be carried out in two ways: intensive – which affects the qualitative characteristics of the potential, or extensive – which is aimed at increasing the number of employees or changing the organizational structure. The regularities of development of labor potential are considered, which indicate its constant changes in a progressive or regressive direction, such as: development of one component of labor potential affects its overall development or initiates it; progress of the basic elements of labor potential determines the development of derivative components; development of individual elements of labor potential creates conditions for the emergence of new elements; emergence of a new element in the labor potential changes its characteristics; replacement of one element of labor potential with another leads to its change; quantitative, qualitative, and structural changes in labor potential lead to changes in its quality; changes in individual elements of labor potential can occur in the direction of both improvement and degradation, while the vectors of changes in different elements can be different too. It is proposed to conditionally consider the process of formation of labor potential at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels, because at each of them there are certain factors and different information on the analysis of existing problems, and the process of development of labor potential will be considered from the standpoint of three interrelated directions: quantitative, qualitative, and structural changes. The practical significance of the publication lies in the possibility of optimal formation and development of the labor potential of domestic enterprises, which will allow them to provide competitive advantages in the available markets.

The article examines the main trends in the development of small entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The state of functioning of small enterprises during the period of pandemic and active hostilities on the territory of the State is allocated. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the main trends and regularities of functioning of small business entities have been formed. It is proved that not only the development of small entrepreneurship contributes to increasing the economic component of the development of the State, but it also reduces social tension in society due to the creation of jobs and employment. It is substantiated that the influence of external factors is regulated at the national or regional levels, while the influence of internal factors is regulated by the actions of an individual enterprise. It is determined that territorial communities and local self-government bodies play an important role in the development and support of small entrepreneurship, since it is the local milieu where the needs of small business are much better understood, as well as the influencing factors they encounter in their activities. It is determined that the introduction of new technologies that meet European standards and quality norms for domestic enterprises is a difficult task, primarily due to the lack of financial resources. The directions of improving the development and support of small business during the wartime and in the post-war periods of economic recovery are allocated. An algorithm for regulating the activities of small business entities has been proposed. Measures to stimulate the development of small entrepreneurship in financial, regulatory, and production areas are substantiated.

The aim of the article is to develop a model for the formation of a strategy for providing the financial sustainability of enterprise in the context of digitalization. The necessity of an effective operating system, which makes it possible to make the right managerial decisions in a timely and quick manner, using a certain set of methods and tools for their implementation, has been proved. As a result of the study, it is determined that the management of financial resources of enterprise is the key to its effective activity and determines the priority of ensuring the financial stability of economic entities, since unstable financial indicators of the enterprise’s operation reduce its solvency, hinder development and, in some cases, can lead to bankruptcy. The article determines that the strategy for ensuring financial stability in a broad sense is a program of step-by-step actions and measures in the system of development strategy, aimed at constant support of the sustainable functioning of the company’s finances in long-term development and the system of relations with the external and internal environment in the context of increased transparency, which leads to the achievement of the main goal. Taking into account the peculiarities and specifics of the operation of enterprises under the influence of transparency of processes in the context of digitalization and instability of the economy, a model for improving the strategy for providing the financial stability of enterprise has been proposed, which: contains a set of basic provisions that substantiate the logic of the process of improving the enterprise strategy; is situational in nature; has a set of factors influencing the dynamics of growth and the composition of criteria for considering alternative options for possible development scenarios and assessing the effectiveness of the strategy for ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise. Prospects for further research in this direction are the development of methods for assessing the level of digitalization of enterprise.

The cereal industry of the Ukrainian food industry is strategically important and socially significant for the population. In our country, almost all grain crops are grown, from which cereals are produced, so the prospects for the development of the cereal market directly depend on production volumes, crop yields, zoning, availability of grain stocks and other factors. The armed aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine has led to significant changes in the cereal market. The article analyzes the situation on the Ukrainian market of cereal products, in particular production, exports, imports, consumption, geographical location of the market, level of competition, level of development of production and transport infrastructure of the market and the level of state regulation of prices. It is concluded that during 2022 the official production of cereal products decreased almost twice compared to the same indicator of the previous year. During 2022, there was an almost critical situation in the rice segment and its derivative products. Due to russian aggression, rice production in Ukraine decreased almost 16 times. In 2022, there was a significant reduction in exports of Ukrainian cereal products, which reached the lowest level in recent years - the decline was 53.0%. This dynamics is due to a decrease in exports of corn cereals - (by 54.6%), other cereals - by 27.1% and an almost sevenfold decrease in exports of rice and related products. The only commodity item that showed export growth was wheat cereals (by 20.0%). The blocking of the Black Sea ports by the Russian occupiers caused changes in the commodity structure of imports to Ukraine of a large number of goods. Despite the fact that total cereal imports of all categories during 2022 remained almost at the level of the previous year (slight increase of 0.9%), there is a significant increase in foreign exchange costs - by 53.0%, indicating a significant rise in price of this type of grocery product. The total apparent consumption of cereal products in Ukraine following the results of 2022 decreased by 34.6%. At the same time, consumption of wheat cereals fell by 48.1%, other cereals - by 57.5%, and rice and its derivatives - by 28.3%. This dynamics is explained by the active phase of the war on the territory of Ukraine and related factors. At the same time, the level of competition in the Ukrainian domestic market of cereal products is estimated as high, the level of production infrastructure of the market in which the taxpayer operates is estimated as developed. The transport infrastructure serving the taxpayer's activity is assessed as developed.

It is determined that the instability of the economic and financial environment, fierce competition, increasing consumer requirements for the products (goods and services) of industrial enterprises, reduction of the life cycle of goods to a dominant degree burden the process of strategic management of transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes, and development prospects are becoming less and less predictable. Decision-making by industrial enterprises on the implementation of the strategy for managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes is a complex problem faced by the main management system. This is due to the preservation of outdated principles and methods of strategic management in the modern business environment, the caution of management agencies and/or the inability to accept new forms of strategic management (the human factor), etc. Resolution of these and other contradictions is possible only under the condition of a properly formed effective strategy for managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes. When building a management strategy, a system of fuzzy derivation is used, consisting of several stages, the implementation of which is carried out using its main provisions. The input data for the strategy of managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes are the input variables, which are measured in a certain way. These variables correspond to the real variables of the strategic management process. The information generated at the output of the system corresponds to the initial coherence, which is the leading variable of the control process. Systems of covariance functions in the formation of a strategy for managing the transparency of enterprise development in the context of convergence of investment processes are designed to convert the values of the input variables of the control process into the output co-spectral variables using phase generation with the variant identification of the parameters of the digital technology of blitz-scaling in the construction of strategic architectonics to achieve transparency in the development of industrial enterprises.

The purpose of the article was to record and track, based on a set of indicators, the opinion of experts regarding the practice of using the "sports region" effect to improve the development of the field of sports in the conditions of a separate region and Ukraine. Methods. The main method of collecting empirical material is an expert survey using a questionnaire. The methods of extrapolation, exploratory and normative forecasting were used to analyze the obtained statistical material. The results. Taking into account the existence of "sports regions" should be an important part of the strategy for the development of Olympic and non-Olympic sports in Ukraine, as this is confirmed by the support of experts. To achieve this, sports organizations and authorities should develop plans aimed at supporting the development of sports in individual regions. Scientific novelty. The study revealed the peculiarities of the development of the sphere of sports in the conditions of Ukraine. The practical significance. In view of supporting the development of sports that already have long-term and steady success, it is important to provide financial support, infrastructural base and promote the popularization of these sports in the areas where they are most developed. To achieve faster results in sportsmanship, the allocation of resources and support to athletes and teams from regions that already have a high level of achievement should be promoted. Institutions of higher education in the regions of Ukraine should include in the planning of scientific research the analysis of "sports regions" to improve the scientific base and development of sports.

The article is devoted to the study of the impact on the development of future social workers’ social skills (soft skills). It is emphasized that today in the Ukrainian society, as a result of geopolitical, economic, demographic changes, as well as the state of war in the country, the level of expectations regarding creative solutions to various social problems by social workers and fast, clear and high-quality provision of social services has significantly increased. Citizens need prompt social support and trustful communicative interaction in social groups. The study used these research methods: analysis and generalisation of normative, psychological, pedagogical and sociological sources alongside educational and scientific programmes of Ukrainian higher education institutions on the investigated problem, including questionnaires intended for future social workers. The article identifies groups of soft skills that are considered by Ukrainian and foreign scholars, as well as by students themselves, as the most relevant for successful social work. We understand soft skills as the skills, abilities and characteristics that allow you to be competitive and successful in your professional activity. The essence of the factors influencing the development of social skills in students in higher education institutions is determined. The factors influencing the development of social skills of a future social worker are understood as the factors of objective and subjective nature belonging to the external and internal environment within which a student exists during curricular and extracurricular activities in a higher education institution; the ones which give impetus to the acquisition or improvement of certain soft skills in order to achieve a productive result in social activities. The external (global challenges and crises in the political, economic, technological, social, value-related, and educational spheres of society's functioning) and internal (ethical and moral life values, mental and motivational orientations, internal readiness for future social activities, social orientation to work with people, individual and personal development, intellectuality, level of professional competence, available experience of social work) factors of soft skills development in future social workers are substantiated and characterised. In the course of summarising the results of the analysis of the studied issues, it was concluded that it is necessary to take into account a set of factors of influence during the educational process in a higher education institution, since different factors actualise the development of different soft skills in students.

The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of leadership qualities of students in the process of implementing student self-government are theoretically substantiated in the article. The experience of leading foreign universities regarding the activities of student self-government bodies has been analyzed. The principles that contribute to the effective activity of student self-government bodies in institutions of higher education have been defined: meaningfulness; the social significance of the activities of student self-government bodies; voluntariness and electability of student self-government bodies; initiative, self-activity and creativity of student youth; openness and transparency of the decisions made; coordination; cooperation.The need to use the basic organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of students' leadership qualities in the process of implementing student self-government has been reasoned. The following organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of students' leadership qualities have been substantiated: the creation of an educational space that provides favorable conditions for personality development; increasing the managerial competence of heads of student self-government bodies; delegation of management powers to student activists in the organization of social activities; ensuring formation of the knowledge and skills necessary for management activity. An example of the functioning of the School of Leaders as an effective organizational form for the development of leadership qualities of students of higher education in the process of implementing student self-government is given.

Objectives Entrepreneurship is present in all spheres of our lives, especially in economic and social areas. It is considered the driving force behind every country's development and sustainable economic growth. For it to fulfil its role, state actions are needed to support it and create an appropriate entrepreneurial environment. Literature research has shown that the determinants of entrepreneurship are analyzed into external and internal factors, taking into account the nature and strength of their impact. The research aims to analyze entrepreneurs' opinions on the conditions of entrepreneurship in the Lublin region. Material and methods The research was conducted on a sample of 118 micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs operating in the Lublin Voivodeship. The research method was a diagnostic survey using the survey technique. Results In respondents' opinion, internal conditions positively impact the functioning and development of enterprises with a relatively strong influence. External conditions have a moderately negative impact with medium influence. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, proposals for support for people starting and running businesses were developed.

Corporate social responsibility is a complex concept that characterizes the activities of a company in various areas and requires evaluation of activity using specific methods. As retail has unique characteristics that distinguish it from other industries, there are limitations to the methods that can be used, and it is relevant to explore these methods. The purpose of the article was to analyse the methods of assessing corporate social responsibility in the retail sector, identifying their advantages and disadvantages and reviewing the peculiarities of their application in retail. The study uses scientific methods of analysis and comparison. The article categorizes methods of assessing corporate social responsibility by goals, time frames, focus, duration, scale and approach. A comprehensive assessment of various methods for measuring the level of corporate social responsibility development in retail companies was provided. This assessment includes an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach as well as a study of the potential opportunities for their application in the context of retail trade. This assessment identified the most effective and appropriate methods for evaluating corporate social responsibility in retail, taking into account the unique challenges and opportunities that exist in this industry. However, the analysis of methods for assessing the state of corporate social responsibility does not provide a uniform understanding of which one is universal and absolutely suitable for every retail company. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying these developments by retail companies when choosing a method for evaluating the state of corporate social responsibility

Introduction. Organising film festivals is an important process for the country's film industry development. This process requires specific skills on the part of the organisers, as well as careful attention to the organisation as a whole. A study of the development of film festivals in the country is necessary as it helps to identify young talent. Film festivals have always played a crucial role in the film industry development in different countries. For the further development of the Ukrainian film industry, it is important to study the experience of organising festivals and understand the impact of unforeseen circumstances on them. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for organising film festivals. The work was based on the abstract and logical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the critical analysis of scientific literature, which allowed us to summarise the theoretical and practical developments accumulated by the community in the context of film festival activities. Results. The essence, role, and significance of film festivals for the country's film industry development are revealed. The problems of organising film festivals in Ukraine are identified. Methods for improving the system of film festival organisation are formulated. The peculiarities of organising film festivals in Ukraine after 2020 are identified. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is to deepen the theoretical foundations of film festival organisation by summarising the best international experience in this segment of culture. The significance of the study is manifested in the expansion of knowledge in the field of film festival organisation and the impact of irresistible forces on it.

Introduction. In the process of a multipolar world forming, recognising its unity and cultural diversity, the problem of strategic management of social development is becoming more relevant. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis of linear strategies for managing the development of society in the context of cross-cultural differences. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, organisational, cultural, historical, and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of trends and patterns in society. Results. The socio-cultural essence of the linear strategy as an expression of the general pattern of social development is revealed. The content of modernisation – the main type of linear strategy is considered. The key determinants of the modernisation strategy in the context of the Western culture of modernity are identified. The author establishes the failure of westernisation, identifies analogues of modern culture and the reasons for their incompleteness in Eastern societies. The prospects of the synthetic concept of modernization are substantiated. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in deepening the theoretical foundations of linear strategic management of society's development in the context of cultural diversity, and their significance lies in the addition of new knowledge about linear strategies to science and the possibility of their use in the training of management personnel for public administration.

The current stage of development of the global economy is characterized by the acceleration of the processes of financial globalization that qualitatively and quantitatively change not only its institutional environment, but the interconnections and interdependence of all components of the world financial system as well. The aim of the article is to disclose and substantiate the key determinants of the development of the world financial architecture (WFA), to define the dynamics of its functioning in the context of modern economic and political realities. In the process of carrying out the study, general scientific and special methods were used: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, classification, structural analysis, grouping, graphic methods. The publication examines transformation processes and evaluates the current state of the world financial architecture. The main determinants of the WFA development are analyzed and allocated as follows: transformations in international monetary and credit relations; integration and globalization of stock markets; growth in the pace of international banking operations; dissemination of scientific and technological achievements; liberalization of international monetary relations and financial markets; sociocultural and demographic trends, etc. The main measures to strengthen and improve the functioning of the global financial architecture in the short and long term have been allocated, taking into account the studied factors of influence. Among the main measures to be implemented the sooner the better are allocated the following: ensuring a steady decline in inflation; control over financial stability; dealing with currency fluctuations; providing support to vulnerable strata of the population. In the long run, it is necessary to: restore the sustainability of the debt situation; strengthen the multilateral cooperation; accelerate the transition to a green economy. Thus, it is found that ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of the global financial architecture is an important task that requires immediate action. With this in mind, regulators, international financial institutions and participating countries should interact and work together to improve financial management systems, reduce economic and social inequalities, and create a financial environment conducive to sustainable economic growth. Prospects for further research in this direction are: analysis of the impact of leading international organizations on the WFA, development of a methodology for assessing the determinants of the development of the financial system and identification of possible scenarios for the development of the world financial architecture.