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The article offers a critical assessment of both international and national methodologies for determining direct and indirect damage to agricultural enterprises caused by war. It proposes laying the groundwork for a fair and corruption-free compensation policy by enhancing information support for loss assessment, based on the financial and statistical reporting of economic entities. Methodological approaches to damage assessment and the results of such assessments, as outlined in the «Ukraine Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment: February 2022 - February 2023» report, conducted by the World Bank in collaboration with the European Union, the United Nations, and the Government of Ukraine. The influence of various factors on the formation of indirect losses of enterprises was evaluated. Specifically, the factors affecting the reduction of selling prices for agricultural products, decrease in production volumes, and increase in production costs were analyzed. The impact of these factors was assessed based on relevant statistical data from 2019 to 2021 and 2022. The influence of the factor of increased production costs on the formation of enterprise losses due to war was demonstrated using the example of an agricultural enterprise’s activities in both pre-war and war periods. In-depth studies of indirect damage of enterprises that did not suffer direct damage from military operations was conducted, with the aim of using such information in the compensation policy of the state. In particular, the Appraisal Methodology, developed by the Ministry of Economy and the State Property Fund of Ukraine and required for use by appraisers and forensic experts when assessing damages and lost profits, was approved. Based on the results of its implementation, it was determined that for an average successful agricultural enterprise, the lost profit could amount to up to 1.4 million USD annually. This confirms the hypothesis that, irrespective of direct damage, all businesses incur indirect losses due to the war. Thus, the findings demonstrate that the current normative approach, which dictates that indirect losses of enterprises are compensated only if direct damage is caused by military actions, is unjustified. The widespread neglect of these losses poses a threat to the implementation of a fair compensation policy. The article substantiates the necessity of implementing a mandatory assessment of such losses for all business entities independently, along with the introduction of separate reporting to establish an information base for future compensation policies. The research is based on the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, modeling, analogy and comparison. Calculation methods and forecasting methods were applied during the approbation of the appraisal Methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes and systematizes different approaches to understanding the concept of “academic freedom”, which is identified with freedom of speech, freedom of research and freedom of teaching in an academic environment. Google Trends analytics over the past 5 years confirm constant interest in the problem of academic freedom in the world and sporadic interest in Ukraine. The number of domestic scientific and pedagogical works in Google Scholar (without citation) on the topic of academic freedom has been determined. It is shown that academic freedom is in danger in Europe and abroad. Selected sources of data on the violation of academic freedom in the university sector, the monitoring of which will help reveal harsh repressions, as well as various forms of soft repressions. The relevance of developing a comprehensive approach to the concept of academic freedom and combating potential threats to it is substantiated. Analyzed in dynamics for 1990–2023. and the regional section (Western Europe, North America, Ukraine) index of academic freedom, proposed by German and Swedish researchers, and its components: freedom of research and teaching; freedom of academic exchange and distribution; institutional autonomy of universities; campus integrity; freedom of academic and cultural self-expression. The methods used to increase the validity, reliability and comparability of the index of academic freedom are considered. Attention is focused on the strengths of the index of academic freedom, which provides comparative data for each country for a certain time and on a global scale, records important periods in the history of countries, points to recent alarming events that should be perceived as important warning signs reflecting the current climate in the country. Among the shortcomings of the index, its focus only on global comparison, the lack of the possibility of specifying fluctuations in academic freedom within the country are highlighted. It is determined that in the whole world there is a slight drop in global levels of all indicators of academic freedom, however, there is a significant threat of a drop in academic freedom in individual countries. The need to use the index of academic freedom and its indicators in the activities of domestic institutions and governing bodies of higher education is substantiated. It is recommended to use the index of academic freedom as a basis for regular assessment, dialogue and reforms in the field of higher education.

The article offers a critical assessment of both international and national methodologies for determining direct and indirect damage to agricultural enterprises caused by war. It proposes laying the groundwork for a fair and corruption-free compensation policy by enhancing information support for loss assessment, based on the financial and statistical reporting of economic entities. Methodological approaches to damage assessment and the results of such assessments, as outlined in the «Ukraine Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment: February 2022 - February 2023» report, conducted by the World Bank in collaboration with the European Union, the United Nations, and the Government of Ukraine. The influence of various factors on the formation of indirect losses of enterprises was evaluated. Specifically, the factors affecting the reduction of selling prices for agricultural products, decrease in production volumes, and increase in production costs were analyzed. The impact of these factors was assessed based on relevant statistical data from 2019 to 2021 and 2022. The influence of the factor of increased production costs on the formation of enterprise losses due to war was demonstrated using the example of an agricultural enterprise’s activities in both pre-war and war periods. In-depth studies of indirect damage of enterprises that did not suffer direct damage from military operations was conducted, with the aim of using such information in the compensation policy of the state. In particular, the Appraisal Methodology, developed by the Ministry of Economy and the State Property Fund of Ukraine and required for use by appraisers and forensic experts when assessing damages and lost profits, was approved. Based on the results of its implementation, it was determined that for an average successful agricultural enterprise, the lost profit could amount to up to 1.4 million USD annually. This confirms the hypothesis that, irrespective of direct damage, all businesses incur indirect losses due to the war. Thus, the findings demonstrate that the current normative approach, which dictates that indirect losses of enterprises are compensated only if direct damage is caused by military actions, is unjustified. The widespread neglect of these losses poses a threat to the implementation of a fair compensation policy. The article substantiates the necessity of implementing a mandatory assessment of such losses for all business entities independently, along with the introduction of separate reporting to establish an information base for future compensation policies. The research is based on the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, modeling, analogy and comparison. Calculation methods and forecasting methods were applied during the approbation of the appraisal Methodology.

Digitization of international business is changing the emphasis of perception of the role and decision-making process in every field of international business activity. The article examines the impact of digitalization on the decision-making process in international business. It is substantiated that the introduction of digital technologies in the decision-making process is due to the large amount of data and factors that need to be analyzed in the decision-making process, and the dynamic development of the digital ecosystem in which the international enterprise functions. Digitization and digital transformation of international business activities can ensure business efficiency due to accelerated decision-making with the help of digital management decision-making technology. It was determined that the digital technology of management decision-making is based on the use of information and computer technologies, digital tools, information systems and databases in the decision-making process. Features and areas of application of the most popular digital tools, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, smart sensors, Business Intelligence (BI) tools, decision support systems, data visualization tools, project management tools, collaboration tools, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, was characterized at different stages of the decision-making process. It is substantiated that the integration of digital tools in managerial activities improves the decision-making process, making it more efficient, accurate and scalable. The advantages of using artificial intelligence in the decision-making process in international business are singled out. It was noted that when implementing and using digital tools in the decision-making process, international enterprises should have an appropriate data management policy and pay attention to security measures to ensure the integrity of the technological decision-making process in international business

The research relevance is determined by the prevalence and impact of brucellosis in the developing livestock landscape of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which requires immediate assessment to understand the current state due to dynamic changes in animal breeding technologies. The study aims to implement various diagnostic programmes and compare the data obtained with information provided by other organisations. To achieve this goal, the “gold standard” research methods were used, a set of classical serological methods, which included the Rose-Bengal test, agglutination reaction, complement binding reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as the analysis method and graph analytical method. The results showed that the most infected with brucellosis were epizootic units in Aktobe, Kostanay, Mangistau, Atyrau, Akmola and West Kazakhstan regions, with infection rates exceeding 23.4%. At the same time, Almaty, Turkestan, and Karaganda regions were the least vulnerable, with infection rates not exceeding 3.1%. The largest number of animals with brucellosis was registered in West Kazakhstan Region and the smallest – in Zhambyl Region. This is due to the peculiarities of keeping and geographical locations of the regions of Kazakhstan. Thus, we can classify the situation in Almaty, Pavlodar, Karaganda and Zhambyl regions as class A, as having a low degree of infection. Kostanay, Akmola, Kyzylorda and Atyrau regions are considered to be zones with a medium degree of infection, belonging to class B. In turn, all other regions are characterised by a high degree of infection and are assigned to class C. The practical significance of the study is due to the contribution of valuable information to the scientific understanding of the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The findings provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies and policy recommendations to mitigate the impact of brucellosis on livestock

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the main theoretical approaches to studying the quality of life and identify promising research directions and productive research methodologies for studying the problem using the example of Left-Bank Ukraine of the 18th and 19th centuries. The scientific novelty: methodological studies and theoretical advances related to the issue of quality of life are analyzed. Previous scientific works related to Left-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 18th - early 20th century are studied. The potentially most important areas for further research and prospective approaches to their implementation are identified. Thus, for the first time, a scientific problem that has not been studied on Ukrainian material is articulated and actualized. Conclusions. As of today, there is practically no historiography that would consider the history of Left-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 18th - early 20th century through the prism of quality of life (as an interdisciplinary category). Instead, there is a significant body of research devoted to related aspects: economy, demography, development of medicine and sanitation, cultural changes, everyday life, etc. These studies are conducted in different scientific environments; however, they are an important source of factual information for studying the quality of life in this territory. Despite the methodological primacy of sociologists, historians still have the greatest prospects in this field. The need to understand the local specificity, the peculiar features of the era, and critically interpret the sources is essential. In the paper, it is proved that the study of certain economic aspects, the spread of new foodstuffs, medicalization, and educational initiatives alone can provide little insight into the quality of life in the region. The use of some additional markers (for example, demographic) and broader territorial comparisons is inevitable. At the same time, modern quantitative (first of all, sociological) methods will allow to compare and search for dependencies between various aspects and markers. Here, even with the use of already well-known sources, it is possible to study new problematic issues using our documentary material, involving methods tested by foreign colleagues. Funding. The research paper is prepared within the framework of Project No. 2020.20/0237 'Quality of Life and Demographic Characteristics of the Population of Dnipro Ukraine in the Second Half of the 18th -early 20th Century', funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The updated Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financing Reporting and Audit Activities in Ukraine” has enforced amendments in the implementation of supervision over the audit activities and brought the domestic audit practice into line with European requirements. The financial reporting of business entities in all the material aspects has to conform with the requirements of national provisions (standards) of accounting, International Financial Reporting Standards or other established requirements. The financial reporting audit as an audit service is aimed at the expression of an independent auditor’s opinion with respect of such reporting. This can be achieved through implementing specific audit procedures. The article contains a definition of the procedure. The procedure is interpreted as an interconnected or officially established sequence (or order, or algorithm) of any kind of actions or any kind of activity. International Standards for Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance, and Related Services, edition 2020 (ISA) provide a nomenclature of procedures for each of the standards. However, the authors demonstrate that the audit practice requires a structuring of the procedures by audit phase: preparatory, planning, fieldwork, completion. Audit procedures for these phases are outlined on the basis of ISA analysis. The preparatory phase requires procedures such as assessment, enquiry, management, supervision and review of the performed work. The authors highlight that the procedures of management, supervision and review of the performed work are specific to all the phases of audit. The phase of planning requires risk assessment, with its procedural support consisting of enquiry, observation and inspection, analytical procedures for risk assessment. Also, this phase involves planning of further audit procedures for collecting evidence on financing reporting in response to the assessed risks. The fieldwork phase requires using tests of control actions and materiality procedures (tests of details and analytical materiality procedures). According to ISA, the latter ones cover: inspection, observation, external confirmation, recurrent calculation (recalculation), recurrent fulfilment / testing of control actions, analytical procedures, including the use of a forecasting model. The completion phase involves assessment of audit evidence (accumulation of misstatements detected in time of audit, assessing the impact of uncorrected misstatements on the financing reporting), submission of enquiries to management staff of a business entity which reporting is subject to audit, correction of the materiality level (in case of need). The structuring of procedures by phase allows practical auditors to collect sufficient and acceptable evidence that is supposed to lay the ground for an auditor’s opinion on the financial reporting.

The article examines the strategic planning of national and sustainable development, focusing on international experiences in the first part and the state of national strategic planning in the second part. It discusses the legislative framework for strategic planning and the development of long-term strategies for national and sustainable development. The first part provides an overview of strategic planning frameworks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the EU, as well as international experiences in formulating national and sustainable development strategies within the EU. This section emphasizes the strategic planning process and the establishment of monitoring indicators for evaluating interventions, strategies, and programs. EU countries adopt a participatory approach to goal-setting, integrate digital technologies into monitoring processes, and define standards for evaluation of strategic documents. Planning processes in the EU are rooted in results-based management principles, particularly the theory of change, and evidence-based decision making. Goal-setting is informed by research on national development specifics, the participatory identification of social needs, and a long-term vision for the country’s future. The targets of national and sustainable development strategies, along with their corresponding indicators, are clearly aligned with the overall goals. These strategies guide other medium-term plans, programs, and budget processes for the medium term. The direction and pace of future transformations in each country largely depend on setting targets, programming, and establishing a system of action plans and measures with defined indicators, as well as on the evaluation of previous development strategies. Most strategies in developed countries incorporate a digital monitoring model. Analyzing the dynamics of indicators set as targets in the strategic documents of developed countries, along with reviewing reports and their public presentation, reveals that open public monitoring of government institutions’ commitments to the national development strategy is a hallmark of democratic society.

The article elaborates on the methodological framework for measurement of the sustainable development, incorporated in the EU policy and legislation through the strategy for socio-economic development of EU “Europe 2020”. The 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (referred to hereinafter as the 2030 Agenda), fully conforming to the EU’s vision of the future, has become a sustainable development blueprint at global scales. EU member states continue to be leaders in implementing the 2030 Agenda and SDGs with the full compliance with the subsidiarity principle. The monitoring on the progress on the way to SDGs is carried out by the SDGs nomenclature using open and inclusive approach, with the involvement of EU Council Committees (economics, financial, labor, social protection), the European Statistical Advisory Committee, the European Environment Agency, non-government organizations, other international organizations and research circles. The indicators measuring the progress towards SDGs have been selected in view of their compliance with the EU policy, potentials, accessibility, country coverage, timeliness and quality. It is emphasized in assessing the regional and sub-regional progress towards SDGs, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) uses two main indicators: index of current progress and index of achieved progress. Three main approaches designed for the same purpose, to assess the progress towards SDGs, were analyzed. It was revealed that these approaches provide responses on absolutely different questions. As each method is specific in terms of data set, analytical tools and ways of results’ interpretation, each country should make its own choice of the methodology to be used. The notion of “achieved progress” can have many different definitions depending on what dimension is addressed, what goal is set, what comparison is made, how the data are aggregated or how the indicators are selected and used. Regarding the domestic trends, it is highlighted that the national statistical system of Ukraine jointly with VoxUkraine and with support from the UN Development Program for Ukraine makes assessment of the progress towards SDGs by UNESCAP methodology.

The article is devoted to vital issues of R&D financing. It is demonstrated that R&D spending is a principle tool of public science & technology and innovation policies, designed to enhance technological independence, sustainable development and national security of countries. Although issues of R&D spending have been subject to research by foreign and domestic scientists and practical economists, the changing global tendencies in the sources of financing by sector, type of R&D, field of science and territory require a further in-depth study. The article contains a review of the main indicators used for analysis of R&D spending according to Frascati Manual laying the methodological ground for statistical data collection and preparation of reports on measurement of resources and results of R&D. Using a standard system of basic definitions and classifications, general approaches to the measurement of resources and results of R&D allows for making correct and reliable international comparisons. The countries that are global leaders in R&D financing were identified. The top position was with the U.S., with the share in the global R&D spending equal to 42.1%. The second position was with China (17.8%) that could outrank EU-27 (17.5%). Crucial global problems and tendencies in R&D investment were highlighted. An analysis and comparison of the main financial indicators of R&D spending for Ukraine and other countries was made. Results of the study confirm that R&D has become a large-scale economic sector requiring the increasing scopes of financial resources every year. The types of efforts implemented by countries leading in R&D investment, to improve institutional schemes for effective R&D financing, are analyzed. Some problems faced by Ukraine are outlined, and recommendations on their solution are proposed.

The article addresses the issues of strategic planning for national development over the long term, specifically presenting an analysis of international experience and the current state of domestic strategic planning. It discusses the legislative framework and experience in developing long-term strategies for national and sustainable development. The second part of the article provides an overview of domestic practices in strategic planning, including a review of the legal framework, a retrospective examination of the development of long-term national development strategies, and strategic documents on sustainable development. It also highlights the current state of strategic planning in Ukraine. The author emphasizes the urgent need to improve the national system of state strategic planning by incorporating the experience of other countries and best international practices. Considerable attention is given to the challenges in the long-term segment of strategic planning for national development. The article asserts the necessity of modernizing the legislative framework, employing a participatory approach to engage citizens and stakeholders, introducing digital technologies in monitoring processes, and revising evaluation requirements. The planning process should adhere to the principles of results-based management and be grounded in evidence, facts, and qualitative data at both the planning and monitoring and evaluation stages. The long-term national development strategy of Ukraine can serve as the core of an updated system of strategic documents and a guideline for making evidence-based decisions. The long-term strategy should fulfill several key functions, such as goal-setting, coordination, integration, regulation, and guidance. In conclusion, the article finds it advisable to improve strategic planning in Ukraine to ensure sustainable development, even amidst the current challenges of transitioning from recovery to development.

Determining demographic losses in wars is an important and complicated problem for demographers and statisticians and a vital one for the society. To have the result produced, specialists need to assess not only immediate direct death toll among military and civilians due to warfare, but the war-entailed migration of the population beyond the country borders and the decreased birth rate. Regrettably, the full-scale Russian invasion in the Ukrainian territory has already demonstrated an incredibly high death toll. Because the official statistics provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine has abstained, since the beginning of 2022, from publishing estimates pertaining to natural and mechanic movement of the population due to security considerations in time of war, researchers have to use information from various analytical websites, produced on the basis of available sources. Another challenge is the prolonged absence of a population census that was performed in independent Ukraine only once, in 2001. Hence, prior to the full-scale invasion the information on the population number (together with the temporarily occupied Crimea and the territories in the East) was based on estimated data. The article presents an attempt to analyze, on the basis of available information, the relative death toll due to the Russian-Ukrainian war over nine years, and to compare it with the analogous data for selected Balkan countries in the wars of late 20th – early 21st centuries. It is demonstrated that the annual relative death toll due to warfare (per 100,000 population) in Ukraine in 2022, although estimated by the available incomplete data, exceed all the analogous figures for Balkan countries. The article’s objective is to explore a feasibility of assessing demographic losses, relative death toll in particular, in time of the Russian-Ukrainian war and Balkan wars. The analysis led to the conclusion that the demographic losses in Ukraine could not be feasibly assessed not only due to missing data on excess casualties caused by the war, but also due to the unknown number of temporary migrants (war refugees) and impossibility to estimate the number of children probably unborn due to the war.

The relevance of this research stems from the aggravating regional disproportionalities on the Ukrainian labor market. The current transformational shifts in the domestic labor market are accompanied by radical changes that feature chaotic nature and have destabilizing effects for the labor resource capacities and the compliance with labor-specific social standards and guarantees. The article’s objective is to explore the current transformations in the labor market across Ukrainian regions, caused by the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war. An assessment of the transformation in workforce supply and demand in Ukrainian regions in 2014 and 2023 was made by a comparative analysis, statistical methods and data analysis. Spearmen’s rank correlation coefficient, coefficient of inequality of distribution, assessment of the significance of differences between two structures by JR criterion were used for an analysis of the transformations in regional and gender structures of the workforce supply and demand. Essential structural shifts in the regional structure of workforce supply were revealed, especially in the front-line areas, the city of Kyiv and Kyiv oblast. An asymmetry of distribution of the unemployed population was found to be increasing under the pressure of population replacement. An assessment of the gender structure of workforce supply allowed for the following grouping of regions: the first group of 18 regions with the structures close to the average Ukrainian estimate; the second group covering four oblasts with small differences from the average Ukrainian estimate and a limited scope of labor uses; the third group covering three oblasts with essential differences from the average Ukrainian estimate and a narrow labor market capacity due to the proximity of the front line. The main steps to minimize the adverse impact of the regional disproportionality of the labor market were substantiated: creating and revitalizing jobs in territorial communities of Ukraine that are safe for living, to supply unemployed population with jobs in the formal sector of the economy and to encourage migrants’ coming back from abroad; elaborating schemes and implementing tools for regulation of spatial mobility and movement of workforce between labor-deficient and labor-surplus labor markets; stimulating retraining and training for the occupations expected to enjoy demand in the short- and long-term perspective.

Vocational (Technical and Vocational) education (V(TV)E), being a crucial sector for the labor market, is supposed to take effective steps aimed at the recovery and strengthening of the Ukrainian economy. These steps include conducting monitoring studies of graduates from V(TV)E institutions. Clarity about the situation with the graduates’ integration in the labor market, being a key source for the assessment of a relevance of their diplomas to the needs of regional labor markets, is of vital important for the Ukrainian V(TV)E system. The article’s objective is to explore advanced practices of monitoring studies of graduates from V(TV)E institutions, with emphasis on EU countries, and a feasibility of their adaptation for Ukraine. An analysis of EU countries showed that each of them was conducting monitoring studies of graduates from V(TV)E institutions on well-established, regular or irregular basis. Data from administrative registers and interviews are used to produce quantitative and qualitative estimates characterizing the results of training and obtained qualification, training duration, satisfaction with the obtained diploma, graduate’s job placement and promotion in the labor market, job seeking duration, type of contract, amount of salary, utilizing the skills acquired in time of training on the job place, etc. The produced data are used in taking administrative decisions on improving operative schemes of the V(TV)E system. Ukraine has been taking steps towards the implementation of monitoring studies of graduates from V(TV)E institutions. Thus, the expert group of EU4SKILLS program “Better skills for modern Ukraine” conducted a pilot monitoring interview of graduates from V(TV)E institutions in 2020. Its results showed that using the graduates’ skills acquired in time of training on a regional labor market can be an indicator of this market performance. A monitoring study of the carrier trajectory of graduates from V(TV)E institutions was conducted in Ukraine in 2023, for purposes of analysis of their life plans, carrier trajectories and specifics of the job placement process in the conditions of martial law and postwar recovery of Ukraine. The implementation of monitoring studies of graduates from V(TV)E institutions in Ukraine will be promoted by creating the V(TV)E module in the software and hardware complex “Computerized complex of educational management”, integrated with the web-program LimeSurvey and containing administrative data of the graduates. The subject for further research is development of methodical recommendations for monitoring studies of carrier trajectories of graduates from V(TV)E institutions.

Verification of the impact of economic globalization on the functioning of industry is one of the debatable issues of economic science. Proponents of Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantages in economic globalization see the possibility of delineating the comparative advantages of countries in international trade. Instead, according to Keynes’s ideas, economic globalization causes increased economic dependence and a decrease in the self-sufficiency of countries. At the same time, insufficient attention has been paid to the impact of economic globalization on the structural indicators of the processing industry. In view of this, the study of the impact of economic globalization on the structure of output and employment of the processing industry has significant fundamental and applied importance. The purpose of the article is a statistical assessment of the relationships and modeling of the impact of economic globalization on the structures of output and employment of the processing industry. The study was based on the application of the data of the 20-year trend of the shares of production in the output in the employment of the processing industry of Poland, Germany, France and Italy and methods of correlation and regression analysis. Achieving the research goal was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the amount of economic globalization was identified and the level and dynamics of the economic globalization index (de facto) were analyzed. Thanks to this, the countries that are conditionally open and closed to economic globalization have been determined. At the second stage, the author’s hypothesis was empirically proven that there is mostly a high or very high direct (for dominant industries) or inverse (for other industries) correlation between the economic index (de facto) and the shares of production in the production and employment structures of the processing industry. At the third stage, regression models were built, with the help of which the magnitude of the influence of the economic (de facto) index on the shares of production in the production and employment structures of the processing industry of Poland, Germany, France and Italy was determined, and the necessary analytical conclusions and explanations were made.

The digital divide, or the divide between the ones who have access to technologies and can effectively use them, and the ones who does not have them, has been in focus of the overwhelming majority of research addressing information society issues. Research into the access of counties’ populations to advanced technologies shows that in spite of the rapid dissemination of mobile communication and Internet in developing counties, the global digital divide has been increasing. The broadband rapid connection to Internet has opened up opportunities of prosperity for certain population groups by helping them receive technological know-how required for gaining success in the digital economy. Entities with access to technologies enjoy more opportunities than ever before. But the regions with limited population’s access to digital technologies see essentially worsened conditions for improvements of living standards, thus shrinking capabilities for development. This situation is not favorable for the information society building, because it reduces the overall potential of a region or a country for gaining benefits from utilization of advanced technologies, resulting in deeper social and economic crises. Apart from the familiarity with a wide spectrum of technological tools, future success of a country requires their practical command. If a country strives for technological development and sustained global competitiveness, its residents need to have a high level of technological competence. The challenge of digital divide still remains acute for Ukraine. The article discusses issues of determining the factors with impact on access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and ICT command across Ukrainian regions. A factor analysis helped author distinguish between two broad factors, with the first one associated with financial support to the ICT development in a region, and the second one relating to the expansion of the segment of residents with good ICT command. An analysis of the regions grouped by these factors showed that the majority of Ukrainian regions had poor funding for ICT implementation, which, in turn, is a principal cause for the digital divide in Ukraine.

The article examines the importance of using administrative data of court statistics in official statistics. The relevance of access to administrative data of court statistics is emphasized. The article indicates the tasks performed by forensic statistics. Attention is focused on the potential of such administrative data when using them in official statistics, which is important for improving the efficiency of the judicial system, improving legislation, when making powerful management decisions, etc. The current state of work of the courts and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine was analyzed with judicial statistics. It was established that the Supreme Court independently approves the form of statistical reporting and does not submit it to the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, but publishes it on its own website. The study also found that the State Statistics Service of Ukraine publishes only statistical information on administrative offenses in Ukraine, which indicates that administrative data of judicial statistics are practically not used in official statistics today. Attention was focused on the relevance of using the latest technologies to ensure the availability of information data on the results of judicial proceedings, and positive steps in this direction, made with the introduction of the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System, were noted. It is proposed to involve the State Statistics Service of Ukraine in the automated interaction of this system with other automated, information, information and telecommunication systems of bodies and institutions of the justice system. The primary tasks aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of the mechanism for the use of administrative data of judicial statistics in official statistics are described, and the stages of such a process are also given and characterized. The conducted SWOT analysis examined the strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats of the process of using administrative data of judicial statistics in official statistics.

The organization of innovative activities is becoming more and more relevant for the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Ukraine – obtaining grants for research and works, participation in lots, training highly qualified scientists on this basis. This is especially important in the context of the development of the regions of our country, where university scientific activity is one of the significant factors in the innovative development of territories. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to conduct a regional analysis of the participation of higher education institutions of Ukraine in scientific project competitions in 2023 to determine the effectiveness and factors influencing such activity. For the purpose of the study, the official results of rating the effectiveness of higher education institutions of Ukraine in the main competitions of scientific projects (international and domestic), which were conducted based on the results of the universities’ activities in 2023, were analyzed. As a result of the correlation analysis, a relationship between the quantitative indicators of the rating of higher education institutions and such factors as the h-index of the institution in the Scopus database, the number of articles in the Scopus database during 2019–2023, the staff of teachers in 2023, the experience of participating in Erasmus+ projects was revealed KA2, number of Erasmus+ KA2 projects in the 2014–2020 cycle, total funding under Erasmus+ KA2 projects in the 2014-2020 cycle, number of foreign higher education institutions partners under Erasmus+ KA2 projects in the 2014–2020 cycle. Further construction of a multivariate regression model made it possible to reveal a significant influence on the position of higher education institutions in the overall ranking of the following factors: the number of articles in the Scopus database for 2019–2023, the number of Erasmus+ KA2 projects in the 2014–2020 cycle, the number of teachers. The analysis of the differences between private and public higher education institutions in the context of their participation in scientific project competitions in 2023 was carried out using the non-parametric Kruskall – Wallis test and revealed that such differences for private and public higher education institutions are statistically absent. We evaluated the effectiveness of regional higher education institutions’ participation in scientific project competitions in 2023 based on quantitative and qualitative parameters. Quantitative analysis showed the absence of a significant correlation between the number of HEIs in the region, in which projects are implemented, and the average position of HEIs in the region in the overall rating. Qualitative analysis made it possible to identify the leading regions of the organization of project activities in Ukraine – HEIs of Ternopil region, as well as HEIs of Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv, Poltava and Sumy regions. We consider it expedient to return to the topic of the study after accumulating data for the analysis of at least a 5-year time series to identify trends in the participation of higher education institutions of Ukraine in scientific project competitions.

Economic security, as a key aspect of state strategy, continues to remain at the forefront of political research and public debates. In light of contemporary global challenges, including geopolitical tensions and economic disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, which continues to cause significant harm to the lives, security, and health of individuals in Ukraine and other countries, it is important to consider not only macroeconomic indicators but also the individual economic conditions of citizens. This study is based on data obtained within the framework of the seventh wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), conducted in South Korea. I applied the ordered logit regression (OLR) method and conducted statistical analysis using Stata software to explore the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of individuals and the consequences of subjective feelings of anxiety, level of happiness on the perception of one’s own health. The obtained results clearly demonstrate a strong positive correlation between individuals’ personal economic indicators and their subjective sense of satisfaction and happiness. This indicates that individual economic conditions significantly influence psychological well-being and overall life satisfaction. Moreover, data analysis highlights the need for the development and implementation of effective social programs and strategies aimed at supporting citizens’ economic well-being. Thus, there is a call for active government involvement in creating conditions to improve the economic status of the population with the aim of enhancing happiness levels and overall societal well-being, particularly for those countries with abundant resources to ensure economic prosperity but instead of prioritizing the economic security of their citizens, focus on external threats and under the pretext of security initiate wars against other countries. It is recommended to adopt an approach that balances attention to macroeconomic aspects with consideration of individual citizens’ needs, thereby contributing to sustainable and harmonious societal development. The scientific findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development and implementation of more effective social and economic policy strategies aimed at improving citizens’ quality of life and public welfare.

The article is devoted to vital issues of performing the initial financial monitoring by specially assigned entities of initial financial monitoring. It contains a review of the requirements fixed in the Decree of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine No. 465 “Approval of Criteria for Risk Legalization (Laundering) of Incomes Earned by Criminal Ways, Financing of Terrorism and Financing of Proliferation of Mass Destruction Weapons”. Apart from auditing firms, this Decree is binding for many other entities: professional agents of capital markets and organized commodity markets; suppliers of services related with circulation of virtual assets; lawyer’s offices, lawyer’s associations, lawyers performing activities on individual basis; notaries; business entities rendering legal services, services on asset management, accounting and consulting services on taxation issues, intermediary services on realty transactions, as well as ones engaged in cash trade of precious metals and precious stones and products made thereof, cultural treasures and/or rendering intermediary services in such activities; entities running a lottery and/or gambling. But the auditing activities differ from the ones listed above by its specifics. That is the reason why auditing firms need to develop their own intrafirm techniques on determining risk criteria and assessing risks in financial monitoring. It was found that an auditing firm was obliged to ensure identification, revaluation and updating of such risks at two levels: auditing firm (assessment of own risk profile) and client (assessment of client risk profile). The auditing firm management uses the principle of scaling: for a firm with a more sophisticated structure or a large number of clients, a formalized procedure for risk assessment may exist, involving several persons and assessing a larger number of activities, which may entail the occurrence of a larger number of risks. It was revealed that the estimate of risk profile for an auditing form, apart from the character and scale, is conditioned on the specifics of its clients’ activities, their geographic location and the location of the firm itself, banks with which the firm cooperates, methods of providing auditing services, such as distance ones, the availability of resource suppliers for carrying out auditor engagements. Based on normative instructions, an internal document for an auditing firm, “Risk Profile Assessment”, was developed, containing risk criteria and their assessment, information sources and conclusions on risk acceptance. The assessment needs to be performed by twelve systematized criteria in scores and involves four levels of risk: (i) low; (ii) medium; (iii) high; (iv) unacceptably high. A person performing the assessment needs to formulate and substantiate the conclusion about acceptability of risks by showing his/her irreconcilable stance to a possibility of legalization (laundering) of incomes earned by illicit ways, financing of terrorism or financing of the proliferation of mass destruction weapons. The proposed practical recommendations allow auditing firms to comply with the requirements of the law pertaining to financing monitoring, to submit, in due time, the information requested by the regulator, which is the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and to fix violations as soon as possible.

The article contains results of a study on the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in time of the war. NBU does not have a crucial role in management of the crisis related with the war. But it plays a pivotal role in ensuring the proper operation of the national economy, cares about the price stability and supports the economic policy of the state. The NBU’s role in mitigating the economic crisis in Ukraine stemming from the war and in sustaining the social stability is vitally important. It is stressed that the military action accompanied by the humanitarian crisis made NBU refocus the effort on monetary provision of the economy and sustaining the macroeconomic stability. The Russian invasion of Ukraine opened an historic opportunity for watching the monetary policy pursued by a central bank in the conditions of war. Once the large-scale war broke out, the Ukrainian economy (and, hence, the government and NBU) had to encounter vast financial losses. Many citizens fled abroad amid the growing need to purchase imported goods for army supply. This boosted the public expenditures, including hard-currency ones. To keep the reserves, NBU had to impose tough currency restrictions, including ones on the purchase of uncritical imports. To prevent a potential immediate devaluation of hryvna (UAH) at the beginning of the war, NBU fixed UAH rate to foreign currencies on February 24, 2022 and suspended calculations of the reference rate UAH/USD. It is emphasized that NBU has developed a set of potential measures to strengthen the monetary transmission and optimize the structural surplus of UAH liquidity. Details of these measures’ design are being discussed as part of the current consultations of NBU and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine with IMF. In the forthcoming period, NBU is expected to focus on implementing an updated structure of regulatory capital, updated approaches to determining the risk weights for selected types of assets, the leverage ratio, the limit of significant risks and the standards for information disclosure.

The article clarifies priority tasks and directions in reforming the management system of the state corporate sector, with specifying measures for their implementation in the current Ukrainian context. The improvement in the management system of the state corporate sector of the national economy was found to be conditional on the implementation of the corporate reform aimed at fulfilling the international obligations of our country. Currently, the reform of corporate governance in state-owned companies is still at an initial stage. Reform efforts in the vast majority of cases are fragmented, often incomplete and not complemented by necessary measures of organizational and legal, informational and analytical, personnel support. This does not allow for a full-scale utilization of the potential of corporate reform for effective anti-crisis regulation of the national economy. It is argued that such a tendency can be overcome by implementing a number of urgent measures aimed at promoting the reform of the state corporate sector, taking into account the modern realities of economic life and management practice in our country. These measures can be conditionally divided into two groups depending on the possible terms of their implementation. The group designed for the medium-term perspective (up to two years) should include measures related to the elimination of the most significant miscalculations revealed as a result of the reform of the state corporate sector in the previous period. The priority tasks of this direction need to cover the elimination of legal gaps and the establishment of the operational procedure for supervisory boards with account for the modernized system of their information support, evaluation and motivation of their members’ activities. For the group oriented on the long-term perspective (more than two years), priority importance should be assigned to the fulfillment of tasks aimed at optimizing the distribution of functions and powers between state-owned entities, which are authorized power bodies and management bodies of state-owned companies, as well as the formation of an appropriate competitive environment for the operation of these economic entities. In view of the above, a detailed list of appropriate measures to improve the management of the state corporate sector in Ukraine was proposed, including: developing an updated mechanism for evaluating and motivating the activities of supervisory boards of state-owned companies and their members; implementing an effective ownership policy and disclosure of information by state-owned companies (e. g. by audits); centralizing the managerial functions for these companies at national level; regulating the procedures for fixing their special obligations, bankruptcy and establishing a moratorium on the recovery of their property; using state guarantees for access to financing.

The article presents the results of adapting the methodology for determining the Gender Inequality index at the regional level for Ukraine in 2021. At the same time, a transformed set of indicators was used and the variability of indicator values in different regions of the country was clearly illustrated. The following facts were discovered during the research. Achieving gender equality is an important priority around the world, as existing gender problems significantly hinder the rational use of human resources. Current approaches to the study of gender equality involve the use of various indices both at the country level and at the subnational level - gender development, gender inequality, global gender gap. The need for regional adaptation of the Gender Inequality index for Ukraine is due to the fact that the methodology proposed by the UN does not reflect the various regional characteristics of a specific country. The reason for this is the limited possibilities of data collection and the need to universalize their types and types for all countries. In the conditions of Ukraine, the authors managed to significantly adjust the indicators of each area in order to determine the difference between the regions of our country in the context of measuring gender inequality. As a result, it makes it possible to provide politicians and government officials with effective political, economic and social recommendations in the context of human potential development, taking into account the gender factor, which would be effective for each of the regions of the country. It was found that the area of change in indicators of regional indices of gender inequality for almost all regions (except Kyiv city) exceeded the defined values of the Gender Inequality index for Ukraine for the year 2021 for the following possible reasons: a) indicators by regions of Ukraine in the field of “Health” have a significant amount of variation, which is compensated for when calculating the data for the entire country; b) to calculate the regional index of gender inequality in the areas of “Empowerment” and “Labor Market”, new indicators were introduced that were available at the regional level and, at the same time, revealed significant differences between individual regions of our country in the context of the study of those areas of social, political and economic life where there are real problems from the point of view of gender equality.

The article analyzes the analytical capabilities of asset profitability ratios, which are constructed on the basis of net profit, profit before interest and taxes (EBIT), and profit before interest, taxes and depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets (EBITDA). As a result, the indicator of profitability of total assets was chosen. Practical recommendations on the analysis of the profitability of assets have been developed depending on the goals of the analysis and the need to take into account the industry structure of assets. For this purpose, it is proposed to evaluate the structural shifts of aggregate assets and the profitability of assets based on the use of so-called integral coefficients: the linear coefficient of absolute structural shifts, the quadratic coefficient of absolute structural shifts, and the integral coefficient of Gatev’s structural shifts. Empirical economic and statistical analysis of the impact of COVID-19 and the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the profitability of the assets of business entities of Ukraine was conducted according to the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The information base of the empirical analysis was also data from the financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises for 2019–2022. Calculations were made using the Excel program. An analysis of the profitability of the total assets of active economic entities of Ukraine in the 2019–2022 period by industry was made. It has been proven that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all sectors of Ukraine. For half of the industries, 2020 was unprofitable. During the period from 2019 to 2020, the rate of return on the total assets of active business entities of Ukraine increased only in the field of health care and social assistance, which is natural for the active phase of the COVID-19. In 2022, compared to 2021, there were even more significant changes in the sectoral structure of the profitability of assets of active business entities of Ukraine. The main reason for such negative changes was the military aggression of the Russian Federation. In 2022, negative profitability indicators were already observed in 11 out of 18 industries. The direction of further research is outlined.

The current issue with the global currency system is its lack of stability, necessitating comprehensive reform in the context of changing global economic order. These changes are prompting a transformation of the existing system into a multicurrency one, focusing on currency polycentrism that arises due to global financial-economic crises and the redistribution of currency powers. Such a multicurrency system reflects the growing influence of various currencies and currency blocks, leading to a decrease in the dominance of traditional currency reserves like the US dollar and the euro. One of the main aspects of the reform is the inclusion of cryptocurrencies in international currency relations, which opens up new possibilities for diversifying investment portfolios and reducing currency risks. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and BNB offer an alternative to traditional currencies that can help stabilize currency fluctuations thanks to their non-correlation with traditional financial systems. In this light, investors need to develop effective strategies for working in the highly volatile cryptocurrency market, which includes deep analysis of historical data, risk assessment, and evaluation of potential profitability. The proposed comprehensive approach is based on the statistical study of this data and the use of advanced financial models to predict future investment behavior. Considering two multicurrency portfolios composed of cryptocurrencies like Solana, BNB, and Ethereum, the study focuses on comparing their effectiveness through risk and profitability analysis. Special attention is given to the correlation relationship between assets, which allows investors to better understand the interconnections within their portfolios and optimize their structure according to changing market conditions. The study results confirm the hypothesis about a direct relationship between the level of risk and potential investment returns, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing investment portfolios. The conclusions of the article point to significant prospects for further research of investment strategies, especially in the context of the development of the cryptocurrency industry, opening up new possibilities for modeling investment strategies considering various economic indicators and global trends.

Innovation activity of industrial enterprises is one of the most important prerequisites for the socio-economic development of the country. Innovations contribute to the growth of labor productivity, value added and profit, and, consequently, to an increase in the level of wages. Studies of patterns of the product innovation impact (measured as an indicator of the share of innovative products in industrial sales) on employment and wages in the industrial sector of the economy has, therefore, significant theoretical and practical importance. The purpose of the article is a statistical assessment of the relationships between product innovation and employment, as well as between product innovation and wages in Ukrainian industry. Analytical confirmation of a significant decrease in the level of product innovation and employment in Ukrainian industry over the past decades is provided. Using correlation-regression analysis methods, it was empirically proven that there is a high positive correlation between the innovativeness of products and the share of industry in the employment structure of the Ukrainian economy. A regression model was built, allowing to determine how the employment in Ukrainian industry will change with changing the product innovativeness by 1 pp. Almon’s method was used to build a distribution-lag model (with a lag of three years) reflecting a high positive dependence of the index of average monthly salary of a full-time employee in the Ukrainian industry on the growth of the product innovation index. On the basis of proven regularities, a deterministic econometric model for optimization of the technological structure of realized industrial products and innovative products in the context of manufacturing industry was developed and tested at the level of Ukraine; the model was used in estimations by linear programming technique. The optimization criterion is a product innovation increase. The results of modeling lay a theoretical basis for strategic macroeconomic planning and socio-economic forecasting, as they allow for choosing a target optimization function at which wages in the manufacturing industry of Ukraine will reach the desired value. Innovative activity of industrial enterprises is one of the most important prerequisites for the socio-economic development of the country. Innovations contribute to the growth of labor productivity, added value and profit, and as a result, to an increase in the level of wages. Accordingly, the study of patterns of impact of product innovation (expressed as an indicator of the share of innovative products in the volume of industrial products sold) on employment and wages in the industrial sector of the economy has significant scientific and applied importance. The purpose of the article is a statistical assessment of the relationships between product innovation and employment, as well as between product innovation and wages in Ukrainian industry. Analytical confirmation of a significant decrease in the level of product innovation and employment in Ukrainian industry over the past decades. With the help of correlation-regression analysis methods, it has been empirically proven that there is a high direct relationship between the innovativeness of products and the share of industry in the structure of employment in the Ukrainian economy. A regression model has been built, with the help of which it is possible to determine how employment in Ukrainian industry will change when the innovativeness of products changes by 1 p.p. Using Almon’s method, a distribution-lag model (with a lag of three years) was built, which reflects the high direct dependence of the index of the average monthly salary of a full-time employee of the Ukrainian industry on the growth of the index of product innovation. On the basis of proven regularities, a deterministic economic-mathematical model for optimization of the technological structure of realized industrial products and innovative products in the context of production of the processing industry was developed and tested at the level of Ukraine, which was solved by the method of linear programming. The optimization criterion is the increase in product innovation. The results of modeling form a scientific basis for strategic macroeconomic planning and forecasting of socio-economic development, as they allow choosing such a target optimization function at which wages in the processing industry of Ukraine will reach the desired value.

Among the priorities for the Ukrainian government during the country’s recovery period after the war should be ensuring national security, establishing an effective healthcare system, creating jobs, achieving stability and economic growth. The development of the pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in achieving these goals. The pharmaceutical industry, as revealed by the study, despite increasing production and value added over the years of independence, remains vulnerable and dependent on external resources. The Covid-19 pandemic and the russian military aggression exposed the industry’s unpreparedness for new challenges and threats, casting doubt on the effectiveness of Ukraine’s policy for national pharmaceutical production. The aim of this article is to show initiatives and political decisions made since the early 2000s, as well as economic and statistical assessments of their consequences for the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine. Study found, that the government’s policy in the process of European integration primarily focused on harmonizing legislative and regulatory frameworks for pharmaceutical activities, rather than on enhancing the domestic manufacturers through a variety of activities: the implementation of a deliberate policy for the technological product and process innovation based on domestic R&D, strengthening competitive advantages for to meet growing domestic needs and increase exports. Lack of policy for increasing the innovative and scientific and technological potential of pharmaceutical industry has led to the growth of imports. It is proven that in 1996, the import of pharmaceutical products per capita in the country was $4,98 and at the end of 2021 (before the start of the war), it was $71.78. The research revealed that Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry, primarily manufactures products for the domestic market and relies largely on imported intermediate goods (as there is no domestic production of fine chemicals, active pharmaceutical ingredients and their intermediates); the industry does not generate foreign currency earnings even to cover the expenses for purchasing necessary ingredients in foreign markets. The article substantiates the necessity of a multi-aspect policy. The formulation of such policies should be based on both the results of statistical analysis from official statistics and surveys of professional associations’ members associated with the pharmaceutical industry (developers and manufacturers of biological and chemical substances, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, as well as providers of fillers and packaging materials and equipment for pharmaceutical production). This approach will allow for a comprehensive and adequate assessment of the current state and future prospects of the industry.

The article examines the essence and role of digital communications in public administration. It was determined that the main tasks of communications in public administration are informing the public and explaining the actions taken; promoting and strengthening institutional action and facilitating the discussion of ideas. In the face of digital transformation, public authorities have more ways than ever to communicate with communities — from social networks and online town halls to chatbots and virtual assistants. The types of digital communications that have gained widespread practical application by public authorities in the conditions of digital transformation are singled out. It is substantiated that the main requirements for building an effective system of digital communications in public administration are inclusiveness, bilateralism and persuasiveness. Public communication that ignores the differences in how different social groups respond to news and information, or which messages will resonate with whom, is likely to have limited reach and impact. The priority for public authorities should be the development of communication that would be better suited to different groups of the population. Public authorities are increasingly striving to establish two-way communication, when they are both senders and receivers of messages, as a means of achieving a certain form of permanent dialogue with citizens and stakeholders. The persuasiveness of communications depends not only on how they are designed. Trust in the source of information is especially important. Understanding how trust factors can be integrated into the development of communication strategies and initiatives in a way that promotes greater public acceptance and, in turn, compliance requires further research.

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена тим, що наразі Україна перебуває в ситуації підвищених рівнів ризиків катастроф. Особливо це стосується періоду після початку повномасштабної війни рф з Україною, впродовж якого населення та держава перебувають у стані постійних шоків, потрясінь і втрат. За таких умов необхідним є розроблення на основі вивчення досвіду та впровадження в практику заходів, що сприяють відновленню економіки та підвищенню рівня резилієнтності як соціально-економічної системи в цілому, так і окремих її елементів. У статті проаналізовано та систематизовано різні підходи, що застосовуються науковцями та організаціями для визначення спроможності соціально-економічної системи витримувати стресові фактори й ефективно адаптуватися до змінних умов у різних сферах. Наведено приклади ефективних стратегій розвитку резилієнтності системи, розроблених міжнародними організаціями з метою подолання шоків і катастроф. Встановлено, що за сучасними підходами резилієнтність соціально-економічної системи розглядається як багатокомпонентне явище, яке охоплює три основні властивості: потенціал поглинання (абсорбції), потенціал пристосування (адаптації), потенціал змін (трансформації). У дослідженні описано показники, які використовуються в сучасних наукових дослідженнях для оцінки резилієнтності систем різних масштабів (міжнародного, національного, регіонального та місцевого). Науковці та розробники стратегічних документів застосовують різні індикатори (як кількісні, так і якісні), отримані зі статистичних спостережень, адміністративних джерел даних або опитувань цільових груп, що дозволяє відстежувати в часі вплив здійснених заходів на резилієнтність. Обґрунтовано необхідність розробки показників резилієнтності соціально-економічної системи у національному контексті з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду їх використання. Дослідження широкого кола міжнародних наукових публікацій із загальнодоступних джерел виконано із застосуванням загальнонаукових (систематизації, аналізу і узагальнення) та спеціальних (абстрактно-логічний) методів.

The article analyzes the development of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, proves the prospects of this industry in terms of the impact on the national economy and indicators of dynamics in the period from 2018 to 2021. During this period, the influence of global processes on the dynamics of the production indicators and sale of goods in the pharmaceutical market, the impact of the COVID pandemic is assessed and its consequences, as well as the beginning of a full-scale war of the RF against Ukraine. A retrospective study about the development of the main players of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine at all levels of the medical products-representatives movement: from production to distribution of products by distributors, taking into account the national and foreign affiliation of a specific counterparty. The level of market monopolization was evaluated according to the Lind and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, which are the most common methods among scientists for identifying the level of market concentration. It is illustrated that newly created and small enterprises of the pharmaceutical market, which constitute a competitive environment in the industry, deserve special attention. According to the results of the analysis, enterprises with an extremely high level of market concentration for manufacturers and distributors were also identified: “Farmak” and “Darnytsia” and “Optima-Pharm LTD” and “BaDM”, respectively. Among the manufacturers, a comparative analysis of structures in dynamics using the coefficient of structural shifts was additionally applied - to generalize the intensity of changes for 2021 and 2022. In the structure of distributors, particular attention is also paid to the enterprise «Venta LTD», which closes the top three enterprises in the farm industry, but has a risk of nationalization due to the share of Russian capital in the total assets of the enterprise, which gives time to other suppliers to occupy places on the trade niches, forming an oligopoly on market. As a result, specific decisions regarding state regularization as a way to solve the problem of pharmaceutical market monopolization by some of its representatives, related to the main principles of ensuring a competitive environment: transparency, control, support and protection of enterprises, are given to the conducted analysis. The specified information constitutes a promising direction of research – cooperative relations between manufacturers and distributors for the establishment of a logistics chain in today’s conditions.

Numerous decisions made by the Ukrainian government in the conditions of a state of war require high-quality data. Among the identified priorities for the recovery of the domestic economy is the development of strategic industries, the implementation of which will necessitate new state decisions, along with statistical data to assess their outcomes. Historical parallels between the situation at the beginning of the 20th century and recent events serve as the basis for the assumption that the answer to the question of "How to accelerate the economic recovery of Ukraine?" should be sought not in the analysis of contemporary policies in developed countries but primarily in the investigation of retrospective mechanisms that facilitated the growth of existing industries and the creation of new ones. The aim of the article is to examine historical facts related to the implementation of industrial protectionism in the challenging conditions of war and post-war recovery in Great Britain. It seeks to identify the organizational and institutional mechanisms of the statistical system that facilitated the implementation and assessment of the outcomes of such decisions. Furthermore, the article aims to formulate conclusions that can be applied to Ukraine. It has been established that the First World War was a pivotal moment in the economic policy of Great Britain, directing it towards protectionism. The catalyst for this shift was the realization that critical national industries were in a precarious state due to the lack of imported supplies of various goods, mainly synthetic dyes and chemical ingredients, upon which the economy and security depended. This prompted the country's parliament and government to regulate industry and implement tools of state aid and protection against foreign competitors. Along with this, it led to organizational and institutional changes in the statistical system, as well as shifts in the directions and methodological approaches to monitoring the obtained results and the actual introduction of statistics related to industrial protectionism. It has been demonstrated that historical parallels during the COVID-19 pandemic are evident in terms of both the identified dependencies on the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other substances (two-thirds of production concentrated in China) and the government's actions to address the situation and changes in statistics. Drawing from the experience of Great Britain, it is justified that the introduction of measures to develop strategic sectors in Ukraine, accompanied by state incentives and protective tariffs, necessitates the modernization of the organizational and institutional mechanisms of the national statistical system. A component of these processes should be the digitization of functions assigned to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, which would allow for obtaining high-quality operational data for both decision-making and evaluating their outcomes.

Today, in Ukraine, as in the world, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an urgent problem that goes beyond public health. NCDs determine significant economic and demographic losses as a result of temporary and permanent incapacity for work, a drop in labor productivity, costs of medical care and premature mortality. More than 86% of premature deaths from NCDs occur in low- and middle-income countries, including Ukraine. Reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases was chosen as one of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development under Goal 3 Good health and well-being. A threat to the achievement of this and related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in the world and in Ukraine was the successive combined negative impact of a complex of factors due to the pandemic of the coronavirus disease and the aggression of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to assess the dynamics of mortality due to non-communicable diseases by selected causes of death based on the monitoring of national indicators of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine within the framework of the targets of Goal 3. Good health and well-being; identify and analyze a complex of factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s aggression that influence these changes; substantiate the assumptions regarding the prospects for the implementation of the targets set by the country in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the area of the epidemiological situation regarding non-communicable diseases (in particular, regarding the reduction of mortality from them). The assessment of the pre-war situation and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic for the period 2019–2021 was carried out on the basis of data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on mortality from non-communicable diseases, which correspond to selected national indicators and data from the monitoring of indicators of SDG: Ukraine. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021, 2022, 2023 and data from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine were used. Due to complications in obtaining, summarizing and analyzing statistical data on mortality in Ukraine with the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, assumptions about mortality shifts according to selected national indicators of the implementation of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are limited by directions. As of 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Agenda in terms of reducing premature mortality from NCDs: according to four of the six national indicators that track progress in this area (3.4.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.1, and 3.5.2) there was a deviation from the planned trajectory and an excess of intermediate results for 2020. The aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine threatened to an even greater extent the implementation of measures aimed at achieving the selected indicators. Mortality from NCDs (primarily from cardiovascular diseases) is projected to increase by 2022, as well as in the period before the end of the war and in the immediate period after, with a widening gap between the mortality rates of men and women. In particular, with a high degree of probability, we can expect in the coming years, an increase in morbidity and mortality due cerebrovascular diseases, as well as a "rejuvenation" of the age at which a cerebrovascular disaster occurs. The main factors, the synergistic effect of which has already determined and will determine in the near future an increase in the risk of dying due to non-communicable diseases, including prematurely, are the difficulty of access to the necessary medical services and medicines; decrease in their availability, including economic, with growing dissatisfaction with the needs of people with NCDs in medical care; disruption of the functioning of medical institutions; delay / inability to receive necessary treatment; increasing the influence of the main risk factors and reducing the possibilities of their minimization; the presence of the majority of the population in a state of stress and the prevalence of the practice of overcoming it due to excessive use of alcohol and tobacco; immediate and distant consequences of the transferred coronavirus disease, especially Long COVID; reduced adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes, etc. With every day of the war, the threat of non-fulfillment (incomplete fulfillment) of the tasks set within the framework of Goal 3 to reduce mortality due to NCDs in Ukraine by 2030 deepens. There is a need to review and update national tasks taking into account existing threats and challenges, including in the field of NCDs.

The rapid growth in information technologies has produced effects for all the walks of human and public life. The health care sector did not stay out, although it needs to be acknowledged that it has not been effectively digitalized in all the countries, even developed ones. It should be emphasized that the demographic situation heavily depends on the health care system performance. A most advanced country in terms of the health care digitalization is certainly Estonia. This country with less than 1,500,000 of population has long digitalized all the services provided to its residents. The article’s objective is to investigate the impact of health care system digitalization on demographic processes in Estonia. Some innovations in the Estonian medial system, implemented with the advent of new information technologies, are discussed: for doctors it is possible to exchange paperless information about a patient in the patient’s presence in case of need (including medical records or results of tests and examinations). On the other hand, such confidential information can be closed by the patient’s desire for any medical employee. Moreover, a person is well aware of who exactly has access to his/her data: doctor, police or an official body. Being a digital country, Estonia was better prepared to deal online with various problems (first and foremost, distance training, distance job and medical service: testing, identifying contacts with ill persons and vaccination later on) posed by the pandemic of COVID-19. However, a change in the demographic situation, resulting from the spread of the virus, was triggered e. g. by the health care system performance and its response on the new challenge. It is emphasized that important information sources for investigating the demographic situation in Estonia and the health care system’s impact on demographic change include the statistical office and other official bodies, as well as international institutions. Using information on the pandemic extracted from online registers, researchers, medics, statisticians and professionals in other fields could help heath care system in quicker adaptation to new realities and in implementing additional methods for analysis of the morbidity rate in Estonia. The experience of the Estonian health care system in implementing digitalization is undoubtedly important for Ukraine. It refers to creating new registers and systems already used in Estonia and other North European countries but lacking in Ukraine, and to improving existing medical information systems and their interactions.

The article highlights the main issues of government support for the post-war development of priority sectors of the national economy that are of strategic importance for sustainable economic development and national defense capabilities; and substantiates the corresponding instruments of fiscal support using the example of titanium industry. In the study, the strategic tasks of government support for the post-war development of national economy are considered from the standpoint of a comprehensive solution to the problems of forming an innovative foundation for economic renewal, ensuring the technological change, creation of a complete cycle of deep titanium processing and titanium production in Ukraine which will meet the needs of domestic demand and the entry of domestic producers into world markets. Ensuring changes in educational sphere in accordance with the real economy’s demand for technical specialists and professionals is seen as a part of a comprehensive industrial policy approach, and fiscal instruments for this purpose are proposed. The need to expand the list of instruments of government support for the development of strategic industries is substantiated. The list should include both measures of tax support for investment projects with significant investments provided for by current legislation, as well as grants, innovative transfers from the government budget, measures to support the export of innovative titanium products, and innovative corporate income tax benefit to stimulate innovations, training tax allowance to support business investment in human capital. Proposals to extend the instruments for financing priority sectors of Ukraine’s economic revival do not contradict the norms of EU legislation in the field of government aid. Possible measures for ordering the regulatory framework of the proposed in the article direct budgetary and indirect government support instruments for the innovative development of strategic sectors of the economy are outlined. In particular, changes to the Tax Code of Ukraine on the introduction of innovation and training allowances for corporate income tax, changes in the minimum useful life of innovative equipment, and tax credit recognition of VAT amounts in the acquisition prices of technology property rights and in the import of technology under a technology transfer agreement, as well as to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of January 24, 2020 No. 28 “On the provision of financial government support” in terms of increasing the volume of loans and reducing the cost of their servicing for business entities in the titanium industry.

With the growing competition, the rapidly developing technologies and the unstable economic conditions, enterprises have to face the objective of effective monitoring and analysis of the business performance. The ability of adaptation to changes, quick response on risks and timely updating of the strategies is key to success. By creating the adequate information support enterprises are allowed to not only survive in unstable conditions, but actively develop and take leading positions on the market. The article elaborates on to the problems which solutions would allow to match the processes involved in the design of information support for management with the conditions of global digitalization of economy and society, using Data Analysis approach. The contemporary world is witnessing rapid technological change that triggered digitalization in all walks of life. This process shows in the transition from paper documentation to the digital format, uses of information technologies in management and business operation. Digitalization has been radically changing the mode of management in organizations. Information support of management in the context of digitalization requires introduction of advanced technologies and effective use of information to achieve strategic goals. For successful management in the contemporary world, it is necessary to focus on improving information processes and ensuring their security, which are key factors of success in the digital era. In order to implement digital transformation into practice, it is necessary, first of all, to consider the relevant concepts, methods and tools. The introduction of innovative information technologies is a key factor in increasing competitiveness by creating an effective information base for business management.

The notion “grant project” is elaborated on, with investigating the types of state support to grant activities in Ukraine. It is argued that the number of grant programs in Ukraine has been constantly increasing. This type of targeted financing can be received as part of national initiatives and from private companies or international organizations. It is substantiated that the importance of grants in the war and postwar time will be rising, which is quite logical given the increasing scopes and complexity of problems in economic and social sphere. Grants offer a good way of facing these problems: the competitive approach allows for selecting the best, the most promising and productive entrepreneurs capable to achieve the goals in an efficient manner. The number of potential donors and funds allocated for them continue growing. It should be noted that grants are a conventional and widespread practice of funding in EU. It means that businesses have to carefully consider this potential channel of funding. The following programs for support of Ukrainian business were implemented in IV quarter 2023: micro-grants for creating one’s own business; grants to operate a processing factory; funds to operate a greenhouse facility; grants for a startup; grants for veterans and their family members. The peculiarity of each of the above programs are analyzed. The program eRobota (eWork) launched 1 July, 2022 and aimed at stimulation of entrepreneurial activities and job creation proved to be a most ambitious one: its total funding in 2023 amounted to 1,800,000,000 UAH. The principal requirements to grant recipients are highlighted: absence of business activities on the temporarily occupied territories and in the Russian Federation, not being a sanctioned entity, absence of bankruptcy procedures and debts to the state. The overwhelming majority of recipients got micro-grants that were invested in acquisitions of equipment required for business operation. The most demanded sectors where grant recipients operate are wholesale and retail trade, repair of automobile vehicles, temporary accommodation and meals, manufacturing industry, medical and social aid.

The article discloses the essence of social responsibility of public institutions, defines the basic principles and models of social responsibility, highlights the components of social responsibility of public institutions, including: responsibility in lawmaking; responsibility in providing jobs for the population; responsibility in the field of social development; responsibility in the field of political activity; responsibility in international activities. The content of social responsibility of public institutions is defined, which includes: definition of a clear role and place of a public institution in the structure of the state and society, its social significance; coordination of the activities of public institutions with the task of implementing the functions of the state and local government; understanding of the need to act in full accordance with the interests of the state and society and accepted social requirements and norms; take into account various factors of influence of the external environment on the activities of public institutions in order to ensure their social significance; striving for maximum subordination, a responsible approach to their activities. The social responsibility of public institutions has a significant impact on the level of corruption, human development and the fulfillment of international obligations. The effectiveness of public institutions, including in the aspect of implementing social programs, directly proportionally depends on the availability of a strategy that ensures the development of an approach to planning and implementation of appropriate measures that form their reputation. To increase the importance and importance of social responsibility public institutions need to develop a strategy for the development of social responsibility and the procedure for its implementation, which is based on a combination of certain levels, measures, directions and tools aimed at the development of social responsibility, the basis of which is the social orientation of public institutions. To implement the strategy of social responsibility of public institutions, it is expedient to use the mechanism of integrated management of social responsibility of public institutions, which is a system of interrelated management functions: planning, organization, motivation and control.

The article deals with the issue of formulating the definition of the concept of “digital law” of citizens, reveals its essence, proposes a system of substantive components of “digital law” and substantiates recommendations for its consolidation in the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is determined that the content and essence of the concept of “digital law” should be understood as the right of individuals and legal entities to free access to the use of electronic devices and telecommunication networks intended for data transmission. The author substantiates the substantive components of the concept of “digital law”, namely, the right to free access to telecommunication networks for the transmission of publicly available information, the right to digital self-determination, the right to use electronic tools of democracy, and the right to be forgotten. It is emphasized that the legislative consolidation of the content of the concept of “digital law” and its components in the updated Civil Code of Ukraine should provide a regulatory framework for further development of secure cyberspace in the context of public administration of social security in Ukraine, which is becoming a priority for the modern state in times of war. The article also considers that an important right which, in our opinion, should be introduced into the Civil Code of Ukraine is the right to digital self-determination. This right is a new norm in national and international law and is determined by the circumstances of the growth in the number of public and social services provided on the Internet, with a certain curtailment of such services in the offline space. It is noted that in the context of public administration of social security in Ukraine, the concept of “digital law” should be understood as the rights of individuals and legal entities to free access to the use of electronic devices and telecommunication networks intended for data transmission. The following rights should be officially recognized as substantive components of the concept of “digital law”: the right to free access to telecommunication networks for the transmission of publicly available (unprohibited) information (access to the Internet), the right to digital self-determination, the right to use electronic tools of democracy, the right to protection of private data and the right to be forgotten.

The main attention is paid to the introduction of a comprehensive academic discipline “Mathematical Methods in Police Activity” for the first time and the discussion of the content of its first module for students of higher education institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with the aim of combining mathematical methods, as well as elements of physics, astronomy and geography, in particular topography, to solve practical problems in the professional activity of police officers. Some components of the first module of this discipline are formulated on the basis of a study of an online course on mathematics for firefighters and rescuers in the United States. The problem of introducing a course in mathematics or elements of applied mathematics (mathematics and methods of solving tasks for professional purposes) or applied mathematics with elements of natural science (an integrated course in astronomy, physics and geography) into the educational process of training future police officers has not been studied in a comprehensive manner. There are some recommendations on the expediency of studying statistics, but there are many branches of mathematics whose methodology is useful for solving applied problems in the fields of justice and law enforcement. The need for such a study is due to the lack of a universal course for police officers in the world practice that would combine practical problem solving, mathematical methods, physical laws and processes, astronomy and geography, including topography. The formulated components of the first module of the course are relatively complete in terms of content and form the knowledge necessary to develop the skills and abilities to perform elementary calculation professional tasks and to comply with and understand safety rules. The article is the first in a series of articles on the relevant topic, some of which are in the process of preparation or are preprints.

Many Ukrainian and foreign scholars have been studying the problems of financing scientific activities for a long time. Moreover, such issues are even raised in the works of scholars from developed Western countries. The range of such studies is extremely wide: from analysing problems and violations of the above-mentioned principles of law to modelling innovative grant support systems, including those that model an equal and fair system. Foreign scientists mostly focus on the specifics of grant provision and its impact, improvement and innovation of the financial resource allocation system in the field of science, etc. In Ukraine, the vast majority of research is concerned with the comparative characteristics of the share of the gross domestic product allocated to science funding, general problems of international cooperation with foreign grant providers, improvement of the system of financial resources allocation in the field of science, etc. Unfortunately, no attention has been paid to specific mechanisms of rewarding publications in leading foreign scientific journals. This issue is no less important, since individual support for publication activity is a powerful “lever of encouragement” for researchers and academic staff, which directly affects the results of a particular institution in the chain of international and national rankings. In addition, such support contributes to the development of science, scientific and technological progress, and raises the country’s rating in the international arena. The article is devoted to the formulation of possible ways of solving the problem of proper State support and funding for publications of Ukrainian scholars in leading foreign professional journals in accordance with the following criteria: equal rights and opportunities to receive funding for publications in foreign professional journals from the State, regardless of age, gender, race, nationality, religious beliefs, social and property status, place of work, research topic, etc. funding for foreign professional publications is provided only to the scientist personally without the mediation of the institution where he/she works or third parties in order to increase his/her scientific efficiency and quality, to popularize Ukrainian science and to attract competitive international professionals to science; the funding of foreign professional publications should be set transparently. The mechanism for calculating the relevant funding has been formed. The definitions of the concepts “mechanism of state support and financing of publications of Ukrainian scientists in foreign professional journals included in leading international databases”, “leading international databases” and “foreign professional journal” have been proposed. The article analyses the publication activity (1996–2022) of Ukrainian scientists in scientific journals indexed in the international scientometric database Scopus.

The subject matter of this article is the processes of increasing information security in communication systems to solve applied problems that are critical in the transmission of confidential data. The goal is to develop a multi-stage method for protecting information from unauthorized access, based on probabilistic encryption integration, error-correcting code, and error decorrelation. The tasks to be solved are as follows: to develop a probabilistic encryption algorithm that considers the entropy of the characters’ appearance in a message; to implement iterative coding with variable parameters of the information bits matrix; and to implement error decorrelation based on the generated matrix by interleaving information and check bits according to a given algorithm. Methodology: theory of signal communication and signal processing, theory of cryptography, theory of noise-resistant codes, probability theory, statistical analysis. The following results were obtained: a multi-stage method for protecting information from unauthorized access was proposed, in which at each step of data conversion, information secrecy is increased; probabilistic encryption was implemented, which considers the entropy of a discrete source of information when forming a space of random combinations; based on an iterative code with specified matrix parameters, an additional increase in the space of random combinations was implemented; error decorrelation reduces the multiplicity of errors in codewords and ensures mixing of bits according to a predetermined law. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: 1) an improved method of information protection from unauthorized access is proposed, based on probabilistic encryption integration, interference-resistant coding, and error decorrelation; 2) increasing information concealment is realized by eliminating the main shortcomings of probabilistic encryption, which did not take into account the entropy of the symbols of the open message; 3) it is proposed to form the space of random combinations taking into account the average probability of the appearance of a symbol in open texts, which will allow the output of a probabilistic cipher to form a stream of random combinations, which, according to its statistical properties, is close to the uniform distribution law; 4) further development of information protection methods based on interference-resistant coding and error decorrelation with encryption functions is received; 5) a further development of the statistical encryption method is the use of all redundant elements for both probabilistic encryption and interference-resistant coding.

Purpose. To use cluster analysis of morphological characters to simplify the identification of Brassica oleracea var. italica and form groups of similar varieties for the test of difference. Methods. Analytical, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the work. As input information for the statistical processing of the obtained results, information on the results of the examination for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) from the database of the Automated Information System of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Varieties Examination was used. Cluster modelling was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences". Results. A morphological description of broccoli varieties was carried out on the basis of 32 characteristics for the examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability. The morphological code formulae of the latter, composed of the corresponding codes for the manifestation of identifying characteristics of vegetative and generative organs of plants, served as a source of initial data. Out of 41 varieties described by 32 morphological characteristics, only two groups were found to be similar in terms of the identifying characteristics of the varieties. Two types of variables were used as parameters of the model: target - characteristic "Head: anthocyanin colour", focal - "Head: colour". The full list of characteristics was as follows "plant: by height (at harvest maturity)", "leaf: position (at beginning of head formation)", "leaf blade: wavy edge", "leaf blade: blistering", "petiole: by length", "head: colour", "head: anthocyanin colour", "head: by density", "flower: colour", "flower: intensity of yellow colour", "male sterility". Using computer modelling, clusters of 17 similar broccoli varieties and 9 control objects (varieties) were formed, the identification of which involved eleven morphological characteristics. Conclusions. In order to search for distinguishing characteristics in the process of testing the difference of cabbage varieties, broccoli was grouped into clusters according to such morphological characteristics as the position of the leaf at the beginning of the formation of the head; waviness of the edge of the leaf blade; blistering of the leaf plate; petiole length; head colour; presence of anthocyanin and intensity of yellow colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective lubricants play a crucial role in ensuring machinery's smooth operation across diverse industries like aviation, engineering, and automotive sectors. Their significance lies in enhancing operational efficiency, reducing downtime due to equipment breakdowns, and extending machinery lifespan. These lubricants primarily target friction and wear reduction, thereby increasing intervals between maintenance and repair cycles in various equipment. The research aimed to evaluate the specific parameters impacting wear in friction pairs, focusing on the lubricating antifriction and anti-wear properties of Aero Shell Grease 33 and VNIINP-286M. Using an СМЦ -2 installation, real-time monitoring of tribocontact indicators like friction torque, roller speed, and lubricant temperature was conducted. The study considered non-stationary friction conditions, varied contact loads, and different lubricant application methods to prevent boundary lubrication. Statistical processing via Statgraphics Centurion software involved regression analysis and ANOVA. Regression models correlated wear with variables like friction work, lubricant layer thickness, friction coefficient, contact load, and penetration. Stepwise regression eliminated non-significant variables, refining the predictive model's accuracy. ANOVA validated the model's significance. The outcomes highlighted variables like load and friction as significant contributors to wear in friction pairs, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of lubricant performance in various operational conditions. The study emphasized the practical applicability of statistical tools in optimizing lubricant efficiency and machinery reliability, shedding light on key variables driving wear behavior in friction systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the problem of improving the current legislation of Ukraine, in particular, in the area of organisation of contractual scientific research, financing of scientific activities, and testing the results of these activities for further implementation in the work of enterprises, institutions and organisations subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The current legal framework on this issue has been analysed. Attention has been paid to the main practical problems and the main ways of solving them have been proposed, taking into account the use of mathematical calculations to establish criteria based on the proposed parameters. The statistics of trends in the development of publication activity of the institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the Scopus database have been considered. Despite a significant number of domestic publications on the main directions of development and prospects of science in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the relevance of funding scientific activities, improving material and technical support, and social protection of researchers of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine has at most been merely mentioned among the problems of modern Ukrainian science. Regarding the research of foreign scholars in the field of mechanisms of organisation and financing of scientific activities, it can be noted that the most common type of funding is grants, and therefore most studies are devoted to grant applications and their impact, as well as the problems of filling the funding budget, innovations in equitable funding, etc. Thus, the central issue of this article has not been studied. The solutions to several problematic issues in this area have been proposed, including: introduction of a new funding mechanism, in particular, under the conditions of contractual research; organisation of special research competitions for institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; creation of the Unified State Register of Scientific Research in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; development of the online platform “Science in the MIA System” to allow customers to submit applications for research and development work, monitor data by potential contractors and hold a transparent competition; introduce a new mechanism for testing and obtaining acts of implementation in scientific activities. The ideas and proposals for the introduction of new organisational and legal frameworks for scientific research in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are an attempt to introduce a practical mechanism for the rational and most productive use of the scientific potential of departmental institutions and establishments to ensure the security of the State, protection of human rights and freedoms, combating crime, maintaining public safety and order, applying positive foreign experience in these areas, as well as the creation of innovative methods and technologies that can compete with similar achievements in the international scientific space.

The paper deals with comprehensive research in the field of electrization of wet steam flow in a turbine. The experience of the conducted studies on laboratory stands and full-scale objects (CHP and TPP) in Ukraine and the USA is introduced and generalized. It was shown that in the process of steam electrization, the charge density in the flow can reach very high values (an order of magnitude appears to be higher than in a thundercloud), and this phenomenon mainly has a negative effect on the turbine operation. Statistical data on the charge formation of the steam flow in the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine are presented. Results of the research to establish the main electrophysical factors of influence on the surface strength of the blade, such as electric fields, charge density and their polarity, are presented. The research results showed that such factors as the presence of a positively charged steam flow, constant and variable electric fields, which were most often recorded at operating turbines of CHPs and TPPs, significantly (by two or more times) intensify erosion-corrosion processes on the metal surfaces of the blades, thus reducing their working resource. Thermodynamic processes are studied both under conditions of natural electrification of a high-speed flow, which reduce the efficiency by about 0.3–0.35%, and under the influence of artificially created electric charges, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of the steam expansion process in the turbine by 2 or more percent. Various options of local input of electrical energy for steam ionization in the turbine are considered. At the same time, it is noted that for the practical implementation of these approaches, further careful design improvements and tests on model and full-scale installations are required. Water chemistry regimes are also considered in the context of their influence on the flow charge formation process, as well as on reliability and efficiency indicators of the turbine. Experimentally at an 800 MW turbine plant in the USA, it was shown that a change in the pH of the medium affects the intensity and polarity of the charge formation of the steam flow. The paper introduces the physical features of this phenomenon and notes the importance of these processes influence on the strength characteristics of the blades. Information on new methods and technologies that could lead to an increase in the operational efficiency and reliability of wet steam turbines, such as methods for input and removal of electrical energy into the flow; rational choice of water chemistry regimes; space charge neutralization, etc., is provided. These comprehensive electrophysical studies, considered in conjunction with thermal processes, can be characterized as a new scientific direction in the theory of steam turbines – thermal electrophysics.

A business entity of whatever kind seeks to operate in long-term perspective by achieving the strategies set out by it, including the strategies pertaining to social justice, environmental protection, friendly use of natural resources and their renewal. It is also a matter of the society’s concern. It is for this reason that non-financial reporting for sustain­able development, provided by business entities, is demanded by users. The verification of non-financial information is assigned to independent auditors. Although auditors use the International Standard 3000 “Assurance Engagements Other Than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information” for the verification purposes, the International Standard 3410 “Assurance Engagements on Greenhouse Gas Statements” can also be applied for specialized spheres. When non-financial information is submitted together with financial re­porting, the International Standard 720 (revised) “The auditor’s responsibilities relating to other information” will be applicable. On the request of international donor organizations, an auditor is allowed to use the International Standard 4400 “Agreed-upon procedures engagements”. Given that the International Standard 3000 is the most demanded among the auditors, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board provided a guid­ance on its application. The phases of non-financial reporting audit and their content were clarifi ed on the basis of the International Standard 3000. The choice of an international standard depends on the conditions of an engagement and relies on the professional judg­ment of an auditor. Irrespective of a chosen standard, an auditor bears the responsibility for the assessment of published non-financial reports for sustainable development. Real­izing the responsibility before users of non-financial reporting, an auditor must assure the quality of his services in keeping with the requirements of the International Standard on Quality Management (ISQM 1). The working document of an auditor “Quality assessment of assurance engagements other than audits or reviews of historical financial information (non-financial reporting)” was elaborated, which would help assure the internal control of auditing at engagement level. This document is standardized and can be used in the auditing practice.

article contains an analysis of the issue of accounting and statistical work of lo­cal general courts in investigating the cases of administrative offence. It was revealed that the statistical indicators measuring the number of investigated cases and persons charged responsible for the committed administrative offence specifi ed by the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences, or the offences not covered by this Code but included in other Laws of Ukraine characterized the real situation with committing administrative offence and the effectiveness of fight against this category of offence. The need for improvements in the sta­tistical reporting on the observance of administrative law is substantiated. The study includes an analysis of the data on administrative offence in Ukraine in 2018, published on the official website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, and the report­ing, in the established format, of the first instance courts on the investigation of cases on administrative offence. Selected indicators were analyzed, measuring the observance of the administrative law in Ukraine, the duration of the investigation of the cases on administrative offence by the first instance courts in comparison with the duration of legal proceedings in criminal, administrative and civil courts. Results of the analysis show that the share of cases on administrative offence, investi­gated in local general courts in 2021 and ended by the administrative prosecution, was only 49.4% of the total cases in legal proceeding. The conclusion is made that it is caused by a wide circle of circumstances ruling out legal proceedings in administrative courts, specified in the Ukrainian Code on Administrative Offences. Based on the analysis, proposals on the elimination of the revealed systemic problems are given, which can be useful in substantiating effective and timely measures for fighting against administrative offence.

The war in Ukraine aggravated economic, social, geopolitical, and environmental problems, caused a devastating blow on physical and mental health of the Ukrainian population, worsened its quantitative and structural parameters. Apart from violations of human rights and the occurrence of mental traumas among adults and children alike, terrorist methods of warfare used by the Russian Federation led to heavy losses of the civil population and forced replacements in search for safety.The conventional problems of the Ukrainian official statistics were added by another one posed by the war: the impossibility to study the population and their living standards in the conditions of war. The authors drew attention to the need to fill the gaps in statistical data by use of alternative war-specific sources in course of the statistical studies of the population. When investigating the issue of implementing big data in the social and demographic statistics, emphasis was made on the methods that could be fit for practical applications now: analysis of surveys, analysis of social media, analysis of health data, geospatial analysis and population analysis. The study allowed for highlighting issues of using microdata, intellectual analysis of text or machine training by the official statistics. It was revealed that the issue of implementing data in the official statistics, for population studies in particular, was but a matter of time, considering the rapid development of digitalizing processes in Ukraine.

One of the main causes of mortality worldwide is malignant neoplasms, and in Ukraine, breast cancer ranks first among all cancer diseases and mortality among women. With the help of official epidemiological data, it is possible to estimate the level and forecast the costs of the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in women. The purpose of the study was to analyze epidemiological indicators of breast cancer incidence and mortality among the female population in Ukraine and the city of Kyiv. The study used data on the incidence and mortality from breast cancer in women of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine for 2011–2021. Analytical-comparative, epidemiological, graphic, and mathematical-statistical methods were used. The results of the analysis of epidemiological indicators showed that the largest number of sick women was registered in 2012 – 17,746, and the smallest in 2020 – 12,736. The highest growth rate of the chain coefficient of decrease/increase in the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer in women was in 2015 – 23% and 8%, respectively. The lowest number of registered cases of breast cancer for 2016–2020 in Ukraine is observed in the Western region, and the largest in the Northern region. The highest mortality rate was recorded in women in the city of Kyiv and in Ukraine as a whole from breast cancer in 2012 (18.2 and 16.9 per 100,000 population, respectively). In general, the mortality trend in the city of Kyiv is higher than in Ukraine. The results of the analysis showed that breast cancer is most often detected for the first time at the I–II stage of the disease. The largest number of such patients was found in Ukraine in 2015 – 78.6% of the total number of cases. Taking into account the analyzed epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of women from breast cancer in Ukraine and the city of Kyiv, it is necessary to conduct social programs for early screening of breast cancer at the state level and provide such patients with effective anticancer drugs at all stages of treatment.

The current stage of economic development requires enterprises to constantly improve the efficiency of activities and strengthen their positions. The introduction of a bankruptcy risk assessment system of any enterprise is an integral condition for its successful operation. The issue of applying appropriate methods and models for assessing the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises and developing ways to overcome or prevent them in order to improve the efficiency of enterprises is especially relevant in the current conditions. The purpose of the study is assessing the bankruptcy risk of JSC Ukrtelecom and determining the ways to overcome and prevent it. One of the most important methods of the early warning system and the method of forecasting the bankruptcy of enterprises is discriminant analysis. The most famous model of one-factor discriminant analysis is Beaver’s system. In the practice of financial and economic activities of western firms, the five-factor Altman model is widely used to assess the risk of bankruptcy. The possibility of overcoming and preventing the risk of bankruptcy should be considered in conceptual and practical contexts. Today, the sphere of telecommunication services is quite developed and is highly efficient. But some enterprises in this industry still need constant monitoring and improvement of activities, since due to high competition they become unprofitable due to the use of outdated technologies or lack of demand for services. One of these enterprises is JSC Ukrtelecom, which in 2022 is unprofitable. According to the assessment of the risk of bankruptcy of JSC Ukrtelecom by three models, it is low and amounts to 15–20%. it is advisable to implement the following measures: attracting additional funds to restore the profitability of the enterprise; restructuring of debt obligations of the enterprise; revision and change of the pricing policy of the enterprise; changing the range of services provided by the enterprise; improving the technological component of service provision.