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The introduces new agrotechnological crop rotations is relevant in the context of environmental protection. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of introducing two crop rotations on degraded lands in the Mykolaiv region, where active military operations were conducted. The study determined that the introduction of new crop rotations led to a 1.3-fold increase in gross output compared to previous data. In a five-field crop rotation, growing perennial grasses for green fodder together with annual grasses for silage restored soil fertility and increased yields by 30 c/ha compared to existing economic indicators. Oat yields with perennial grasses increased by 18 c/ha. Growing corn for silage and green fodder provided an additional 100 cwt/ ha. An increase in the yield of fodder roots and annual grasses for green fodder by 110 c/ha demonstrated the effectiveness of the new crop rotations. In a seven-season crop rotation, the introduction of perennial grasses increased soil fertility reduced soil erosion, and increased yields of winter wheat and sugar beet. Sugar beet yields increased by 25 c/ha, while potatoes and grain corn yields increased by 55 c/ha. The introduction of annual grasses, pulses and buckwheat helped to increase yields by 28 c/ ha. The results of the study can be used by local communities to develop and implement environmental measures and programmes aimed at restoring the structure and fertility of damaged lands and preserving their quality

With the intensification of agricultural land use and changes in natural conditions, soil quality in Ukraine is deteriorating, with a decrease in humus content, the average annual loss of which is about 0.6 t/ha. Therefore, its reproduction is now becoming increasingly important through the use of organic raw materials and the introduction of legumes into the crop rotation, which leads to a partial replacement of nitrogen from mineral fertilisers with biological nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to find ways to provide the topsoil with organic residues, develop soil microflora, and improve the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a short grain legume crop rotation. The study was conducted in 2019-2023 using the following methods: visual – to determine the stages of organogenesis; field – to determine the interaction of abiotic factors; physiological – to determine the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. It was found that due to mineralisation of organic residues of legume crop rotation, the amount of macro- and microelements in the soil layers 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm increased by 45.1-46.9-43.1 mg/kg, respectively. It was found that saturation of short crop rotation by 50% with legumes, straw residues, and green manure contributed to the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms and the growth of suppressive ones. It was found that in a short rotation of crops, 10.3 t/ha of organic matter in the form of stubble and root residues, straw and green manure enters the soil, which contributed to the cultivation of environmentally friendly agricultural products with the restoration of soil fertility. The biological activity of the soil during the growing season in the layer of 10-20 cm reached 47.4%, and the content of alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen in the rhizosphere of the root system increased by 43.9 mg/kg. The value of the study lies in the fact that the introduction of short organic crop rotations in farms of various forms of ownership is an innovative approach to providing light grey soils with organic raw materials, restoring and maintaining their fertility, improving their phytosanitary condition, promoting biodiversity, achieving environmental sustainability and high yields

The absence of a clear position on the application of a particular method of basic tillage and the use of post-harvest residues in crop rotation draws attention to the minimisation of tillage. Therefore, the need to substantiate and develop efficient energy-saving tillage technologies and the use of by-products in crop rotation is quite important and remains relevant. The aim of the research is to study the impact of by-products and soil cultivation, which will create optimal conditions for the development of winter rape in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out during 3 rotations of 4 crop rotation in a stationary field experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in 2009-2020. Against the background of soil cultivation, including ploughing, disc cultivation to a depth of 10-12 and 6-8 cm, two methods of using crop residues of crop rotation were studied - diversion and use as fertiliser with the addition of compensatory nitrogen in the amount of N10 per 1 tonne. The results showed that when growing winter rape with the removal of the predecessor straw from the field during ploughing to a depth of 20-22 cm and disc cultivation to a depth of 10-12 and 6-8 cm, the soil density at a depth of 0-10 cm was 1.22-1.28, 1.23-1.28 and 1.23-1.35 g/cm³, respectively, and at a depth of 10-20 cm – 1.26-1.30, 1.30-1.35 and 1.32-1.36 g/cm³. The use of straw as an organic fertiliser led to a decrease in the bulk mass of all the studied soil layers under any method of treatment, but at the same time contributed to an increase in the number of weeds, which increased with a decrease in the depth of treatment. On average, over the three years of crop rotation, the seed yields for ploughing by 20-22 cm, disking by 10-12 cm and disking by 6-8 cm against the background of straw alienation were 2.91, 2.83 and 2.59 t/ha, respectively, and for incorporating it into the soil – 3.04, 2.88 and 2.72 t/ha. As noted in the studies, tillage and fertilisation using non-commodity crop residues increase the soil protection effect, significantly reduce the negative impact of weeds in crops, improve soil fertility and increase the productivity of crops in the rotation

A high degree of weed infestation of agricultural ecosystems poses a significant threat to high crop yields, which determines the problem of weed control as one of the most urgent in steppe agriculture. The research aims to assess the level of total weed density and seed bank of various components of agroecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The methods used to determine the species composition of weeds, their quantitative and weight accounting and harmfulness were statistical and mathematical. It has been established that the main reason for the high negative impact of weeds is the weed seed bank of soils, which reaches 452 million seeds per hectare in land being actively used for agriculture and 11 million hectares in natural ecosystems. In agroecosystems, the decisive factor for effective regulation of weed seed banks is the sustainability of crops (as part of an ecosystem dominated by 1 plant species), methods of basic tillage and measures to prevent the generative productivity of weeds. According to the impact on the yield of winter wheat, corn, sunflower and spring barley, different tillage systems (ploughing, disc tillage, no-tillage) in the crop rotation were significant, where the no-tillage system was inferior to disc tillage, depending on the fertilization background, by 0.21-0.22 t/ha and ploughing – by 0.19-0.40 t/ha due to increased weed infestation of crops, as well as the presence of a significant amount of carrion and leaf mass of the predecessor on the field surface. The practical value is determined by an improvement of the system of weed control in crop rotations of adaptive agriculture and environmental safety

The research relevance is determined by the need to study the long-term use of various fertilisers and their effect on the soil nutrient regime, yield, and quality of white cabbage. The research aims to determine the effect of different nutrition optimisation systems on the yield and quality of late-ripening white cabbage in irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotation. Field, statistical, calculation-analytical and laboratory methods were used to conduct the research. It was established that the use of a mineral fertilizer system (N550P260K370 + “NutriVant Plus Universal”) led to an increase in the level of supply of the topsoil with mobile nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, and had a positive effect on the biometric parameters and productivity of white cabbage plants. All fertilisation systems, except for the application of microbial preparations only provided a significant increase in yields in the range of 21.6-71.8%. However, a significant increase in the content of vitamin C in cabbage heads was observed for all fertilisation systems studied, except for the use of 40-60 t/ha of manure + N60P60K45 та N550P260K370 + “NutriVant Plus Universal”. The nitrate content in the heads did not increase significantly after fertilisation. The ineffectiveness of using the system of microbial preparations, including seed treatment with Azotobacter chroococcum, and soil treatment before pre-sowing cultivation with Roundfix, to optimise the nutrition of white cabbage plants was noted. (Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Enterobacter, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis) and five foliar fertilisers Organic Balance (Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, Paenibacillus polymyxa). The practical value is determined by obtaining results for adjusting fertiliser doses when planning their application in crop rotations of farms of different forms of ownership

Fertilisation of winter wheat is necessary to provide the crop with nutrients for optimal growth, development, and formation of the crop. However, the effectiveness of fertilisers may depend on their shape, soil conditions, and climate. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of using various forms of mineral fertilisers on the formation of productivity of winter wheat on grey-meadow soils of Kyrgyzstan. In 2019-2021, field experiment was conducted in the Educational-experimental Farm of the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, named after K.I. Skryabin to achieve this goal. As a result of the study, it was identified that the formation of high yields of winter wheat is closely related to the use of nitrogen-containing fertilisers in crop rotation, which contributes to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The substantial effect of ammonium nitrate and granulated superphosphate on the nitrogen regime of the soil was also noted. The concentration of carbon-ammonium-soluble phosphates is determined by the actions of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, and all forms of phosphorus fertilisers, but no special changes in the phosphate regime of the soil under the influence of forms of phosphorus fertilisers were identified. However, when using complex fertilisers, a slight accumulation of mobile phosphorus in the soil was noted. The introduction of ammonium nitrate ensures the yield of winter wheat grain at the level of 56 centner/ha, ammonium sulphate – 53.1 centner/ha. granulated superphosphate provided the highest level of winter wheat yield – 55.5 centner/ha and the highest increase in yield against the background of nitrogen-potassium nutrition – 8.7 centner/ha. Therefore, for winter wheat, after rowed precursors, it is preferable to apply ammonium nitrate from nitrogen forms of fertilisers. As an alternative to it – ammonium sulphate or urea, from phosphorus forms of fertilisers – granular superphosphate. The practical importance of the results of the study allows for developing more effective methods of using fertilisers and increasing the productivity of grain crops on grey-meadow soils of Kyrgyzstan and in other regions with similar soil and climatic conditions

Wheat is the leading food grain in the global food balance. Ukraine is among the top 10 world grain producers and therefore the issue of increasing the production of high-quality, environmentally friendly grain is extremely relevant. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the system of agrotechnical measures for the greening of agriculture on the formation of technological indicators of the quality of winter wheat grain, which will make it possible to obtain high-quality environmentally friendly wheat grain in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, as well as reduce the negative pressure on the environment of modern factors of intensification of agriculture. The assessment of the quality of winter wheat grain was carried out according to such technological indicators as the protein content, the quantity and quality of gluten, the falling number, the weight of 1000 grains and bulk density. The experiments were carried out in a grain-rowed short-rotation 5-field crop rotation with alternating crops: peas – winter wheat – corn – sunflower – winter barley. The soil of the experimental plot is southern chernozem, low-humus, medium-thick, difficult loamy in the forest. The conducted studies have shown that the quality of grain changes both from the system of the main soil cultivation in the crop rotation, and from the use of spreaders of by-products of the predecessor, and the influence of these factors manifested itself depending on the weather conditions over the years of research in different ways. The best result with the element of biologization of agriculture was obtained with the use of the biodestructor Cellulad 2 l/ha, which significantly improves the technological indicators of the quality of winter wheat grain. So, on average, over the years of research, the best grain was obtained in the variant with a system of no-till multi-depth tillage against the background of the introduction of the biodegradable Cellulad 2 l/ha with the protein content of 12.6%, the crude gluten content of 23.4%, the gluten quality indicator according to its deformation index is 82.2 conventional units of the VDC device and the falling number of 334.3 s. With the introduction of additional nitrogen N10 per 1 ton of by-products, as an energy material for the efficient decomposition of organic matter by soil microorganisms, an increase in the quality of winter wheat grain is also observed, but the results are inferior to the best option. Carrying out a moisture-saving system of a non-linear mid-depth basic tillage increases the action of a biodestructor in the conditions of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine.

During 2010-2022, in the field crop rotations of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with the use of the latest chemical means, the peculiarities of biology, ecology and distribution of soil and other harmful species of arthropods were clarified. In particular, according to the technologies of high-quality grain production through the use of tank mixtures of plant protection agents and relatively high rates of fats, which influenced the formation of the structure of the entomocomplex with the predominance of certain species of weevils, gnats, gnawing scoops and lamellae. According to the phenophases of cultivated plants, this feature was accompanied both by the state of biological resources and by the technologies of crop production in general, with the optimization of phytosanitary, nature protection and economically justified resourcesaving methods of controlling the number of phytophages. It has been established that in cultural ecosystems under intensive technologies in the composition of modern bioresources, the number of organisms, both flora and fauna, in particular, harmful phytophagous insects at the first stages of the formation and development of grain crops, probably changes. In the years of observation, it was noted that the biodiversity of agrocenoses is quite numerous in terms of species and quantity, mainly against the background of organo-mineral systems and under conditions of relatively low rates of application of fats. This makes it possible to model such processes by entomological and zoological objects as sensors, in particular from the standpoint of systematic monitoring and forecasting, as well as sustainable management on a resource-saving basis. At the same time, the long-term dynamics of the factors of the formation of entomocomplexes are taken into account, with the clarification of the influence of the systems of basic and minor nutrition, tillage and measures to protect grain and other crops, with an assessment of the selfmanagement mechanisms of the arthropod complex, and the dominant species are determined in the theological aspect. Based on the results of research, separate biocenotic relationships of cultivated plants and their harmful organisms under different nutrition systems of wheat, corn, soybean, chickpea, sunflower in periods of drought and relatively optimal weather conditions were clarified, with clarification of the levels of trophic chains of primary and secondary coenoses. The structure of arthropods of the newest systems of application of liquid forms of fertilizers, as well as with an assessment of the influence of tank mixtures of agrochemicals on the level of migration and survival of phytophagous insects in short-rotational crop rotations. The new parameters of grain crop protection systems with biologically oriented complexes based on entomological and zoological test objects of the factors of crop production intensification are substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the period of scientific research, 12 species of cystforming nematodes were identified, the vast majority of which belong to the genus Heterodera. The spread of pathogenic species in the regions of traditional cultivation of major crops indicates a high degree of their trophic specialization. Multi-field anti-nematode crop rotations have been an effective preventive measure to control the number of cyst-forming nematodes for a long time. In particular, to prevent mass accumulation of cyst-forming nematodes, the maximum saturation of crop rotations with host plants should not exceed: cereals - 40%, beets, canola and other oil cabbage - 20%, potatoes - 20% (10% susceptible + 10% resistant to nematodes), perennial legumes - 30% (crops under the cover of cereals + perennial legumes - one or two years of use). However, the current transition from multi-field to shortrotation crop rotations has led to a narrowing of the species diversity of cultivated plants, and in accordance with the mass reproduction of pests and their high harmfulness. Intensive use of chemical plant protection products does not provide a solution to these problems, as it eventually leads to the formation of resistant populations of pests, as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, even partial replacement in modern systems of integrated plant protection of pesticides of chemical origin with environmentally friendly drugs of complex prolonged action of new generation, which combine the properties of bio-inducers, bio-stimulants, bio-fungicides, nematicides, insecticides, antistressants and adaptogens, will promote ecological production. obtaining safe plant products. Among the various ways of using plant protection products, pre-sowing treatment of seed or planting material is one of the most rational, given the minimal cost of active substances and low cost of protective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]