Search

Vaccination against COVID-19 is the main global preventive measure in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. As the COVID-19 vaccine will be administered to billions of individuals worldwide during the pandemic, there exists a reasonable fear of severe adverse reactions requiring constant vigilance and careful treatment, particularly in individuals with a history of severe allergy. The aim of our study was to develop and implement an algorithm for the safe vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with pathology associated with hypersensitivity reactions. From January to June 2022, after signing the informed consent, 126 adult patients with relevant diseases in remission were included in a prospective single-center study. Complaints and case histories were collected from all patients, including comorbidity and medications received, anthropometric data were studied, a standard clinical examination was performed, tryptase in venous blood was measured, the level of control was additionally assessed in patients with asthma using the asthma control test and spirography. According to the results of the study, it was proven that vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with pathology associated with hypersensitivity reactions is safe, on condition of prior consultation with an allergist and performing vaccination in a medical institution. The algorithm developed for preparing for vaccination in the mentioned above persons consists of a careful collection of case history; assessment and, in case of absence – achieving control of the underlying disease; analysis and correction of therapy with temporary replacement of medications that are potential cofactors of anaphylaxis; determination of blood tryptase level. For safe vaccination in patients with severe allergic anamnesis, administration of 20 mg of desloratadine before each dose of the vaccine with observation after vaccination within 30 minutes is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic diseases, which have a certain stage in their development from food allergy to bronchial asthma / allergic rhinitis, are much more common in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis as components of the allergic march, in children of Ukraine from 1994 to 2017 to determine the possible impact of adverse environmental factors on their development. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of factors, in particular environmental, there were significant changes in the structure of allergic diseases making up the stages of the allergic march due to an increase in the proportion of allergic rhinitis with the reduced one of asthma and atopic dermatitis. Within 24 years, the incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-6 years including, increased by 27.6%, in adolescents - by 40.5% and significantly decreased by 39.5% in children aged 7-14 years including. Most cases of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were observed in schoolchildren (47.6 and 54.0%, respectively) with a slight decrease compared to 1994. In general, allergic diseases in recent years have become more common in children from 0 to 6 years and their detection has decreased in school-age children and adolescents. Over the past 24 years, in children of Ukraine a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases that form an allergic march has been noted: the prevalence of bronchial asthma has increased by 69.3% and the incidence has increased by 22.9%; the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased by 43.9% and the incidence increased by 8.3%; the prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased by 488.3% and the incidence of allergic rhinitis increased by 380.3%, with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children from regions with developed infrastructure and industry, where there are significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, that have a direct moderate effect on the increase in the prevalence of bronchial asthma, the incidence and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial, allergic, parasitic and fungal skin lesions are much more common among children than among adult patients. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue with allergic and non-allergic origin among children of Ukraine in period from 1994 to 2017. Our main purpose was to determine the possible impact of different adverse environmental factors on children`s growth, including radiation, connected with the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Over the past 24 years Ukraine has witnessed a 10.3% increase in prevalence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue among children and 8.6% raise of incidence rate with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children affected by the Chernobyl accident and children from areas of radiological control. We have found a direct influence of moderate strength on the connection between population-weighted effective dose of total human exposure (in millizieverts) in different regions of the country in the period of 1997-2011 and the incidence and prevalence of skin diseases among children aged 0-14 years, including 2011 (p<0.05).This fact may indicate the impact of this disaster on the occurrence and pathogenesis of skin diseases and its consequences among children. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of environmental factors, there was a significant transformation in the structure of skin diseases in children. We have witnessed double increasing of the proportion of allergic lesions of the skin and its elements. The prevalence of diseases of the skin and its elements in general has reached 28.7% against the corresponding reduction of skin infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]