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The paper deals with application of welding and conducting repair-restoration operations in space, as well as evolution of the design of electron beam tool over several decades. Technical characteristics and technological capabilities of all the generations of hardware and requirements to it at different operation stages are described. Substantiation is provided for electron beam welding being the most suitable process for application under lower gravity conditions. Specification of “Vulcan” automatic unit is given, in which welding experiments were conducted for the first time in space. Specification of the versatile hand tool (VHT) is provided, and its capabilities are described during performance of operations of welding and other related technological processes, namely cutting, brazing, coating deposition and heat treatment, if required. Samples are shown, which were made when conducting the world’s first experiment in open space, when the cosmonaut-welders used VHT to perform the technological operations of welding, cutting, brazing and coating deposition. It is proved that generalization of investigation results and incorporating the experience of operation of all the previous samples of the hardware allowed development of the next “Universal” tool, which passed comprehensive testing at NASA, including in the KC-135 flying laboratory and in the space simulation test chamber. The paper presents new generation electron beam tool, which was developed and is manufactured at PWI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the figure of the famous 19th-century saxophonist Edward A. Lefebvre and his contribution to the development of Western saxophone ensemble performance, the expansion of the saxophone repertoire (as exemplified by the performance of K. Florio's piece Allegro de Concert for the saxophone quartet). In the paper, it is emphasized that the emergence of ensemble works for the saxophone during the 19th century contributed to the artistic evolution of the instrument (in solo and ensemble aspects), the performing interest to which only increased over time. The constant relevance of ensemble works (for instance, collaboration of performer Edward A. Lefebvre and composer K. Florio) is manifested today in the creation of various transcriptions of ensemble chamber-instrumental works, where the artistic and performing aspects of the collaboration between a composer and performer reverberate in the immersion and reproduction of original ideas and images and meanings. Modern stage performing practice is characterized by the experiments and reproduction of musical expressive means appropriate to the Romanticism, as well as imitation of the manner of virtuoso playing. The stylistic features of ensemble concert performance of the 19th century make an interesting reading for a contemporary concert saxophonists. These features are: technicality, emotional expressiveness, and performing vividness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper raises the issue of studying the history of the prominent monumental painting of the early 20th century--the mural at the metropolitan's chambers in Belgorod by the famous Ukrainian artist Ivan Sidorovich Yizhakevich. All available written, visual and digital sources were reviewed ir order to study the history of the monument. An art analysis of the illustrative material was performed. The paper aimed to find and systematize all available materials on the issue, and in addition, after analyzing all the available material, to make a probable reconstruction of the monument's appearance, components, and most importantly, to highlight the role of Ivan Yizhakevich in creating this mural. During the work, a considerable source base, historical information and a significant body of literature were reviews. The conclusions hypothesise the composition of the ensemble of murals at the Metropolitan's Chambers, outline the history of its creation, the role and guiding principles of Ivan Yizhakevych during his work on this wall painting. By searching and systematizing the available information about the ensemble of paintings of the Metropolitan's Chambers in Belgorod, the value and uniqueness of Ivan Yizhakevych's work as a prominent master of monumental painting has been proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficult and tragic lessons learned of the first year of the full-scale invasion of the Russo-Ukrainian war (24.02.2022-24.02.2023) showed that cultural heritage, its preservation and restoration is an important component of Ukraine's national security. Along with the attack on Ukrainian lands, there is an attack on the identity of Ukraine with the aim of depriving it of its cultural heritage. Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage is a war crime and must be prosecuted by an international court under the 1954 Hague Convention, and damage to Ukrainian cultural institutions could become an evidence in a potential war crimes case. The paper analyses the strategic and tactical tasks that the guardians of cultural heritage face, as well as the analysis of the activities and documents of international organizations, and the reaction of the international media to the issue of cultural heritage in the context of the war confirms that the support of the world public of Ukraine, while drawing attention to the acute problems of preserving cultural heritage in rear country. The paper studies the publications in the Western mass media, which were exchanged by members of Europa Nostra in a social-media community created specifically for this purpose--discussing the status of cultural heritage of Ukraine in the war. Through the prism of a professional cultural heritage international organization, this case study allows drawing conclusions for the design of methodical and methodological basis for further study of cultural heritage in the war not only in Ukraine but in general. Based on the analysis, the recommendations for national and international organizations could be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the reasons causing the structural and plastic changes of Ukrainian iconostases during the second quarter of the 17th century and eventually resulting in the Ukrainian iconostasis of the Baroque period. During the period, the iconostasis achieved monumentality and plasticity in the interpretation of the façade side as a result of introduction of the broken entablature, deep niches for icons, and passages to the altar, as well as to exceptionally rich carved decor, which, in general, added spaciousness to its architectural composition. The specified structural and plastic iconostases characteristics appeared when the Metropolitan Petro Mohyla was the archpastor; they are notable in the iconostases built with his direct or indirect assistance. The hypothesis of the paper is that the concept of iconostasis' new artistic image as a monumental and architectural space frame was formulated by Petro Mohyla in the context of the program he developed for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine renovation, which, in particular, included the domain of church art and artistic decoration of temples. Petro Mohyla's idea of the iconostasis architectural image renewal was based on the desire to provide more artistic expressiveness to its form and carved decorations. During the era, these features were characteristic of the Catholic Church altars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth built in the Baroque style. The methods of significant emotional influence on the congregation developed by the post-Tridentine art as an instrument of the Catholic Church struggling against the Reformation ideas proved to be appropriate for the Kyiv Metropolis Orthodox art, that, after the Union of Brest, faced the problems similar to those of the Catholic Church, which arose with the spread of the Reformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers methods for measuring grain moisture. The authors carried out the analysis and selected significant parameters that affect the measurement of grain moisture. Methods and ways of grain moisture control are investigated. Modern technological methods of production of agricultural products are largely related to moisture content. The excess or lack of moisture in the material affects its physico-chemical, physico-mechanical and operational properties, as well as quality indicators. Quick and accurate determination of water content in a particular material, both in the production process and during operation, is the most important task. The accuracy and measurement errors of moisture content of moisture meters significantly depend on the density of materials and the parameters of the measurement medium. The optimal method for the most accurate measurement of humidity has been determined. Growing requirements for the quality and competitiveness of domestic agricultural products put forward new requests for the devices and facilities for express moisture control in most technological processes. Modern technological processes require universal devices that control the moisture content of a wide range of agricultural materials. Having analyzed in detail and determined the significant parameters that affect the measurement of grain moisture, the paper proposes mathematical model of ultra-high-frequency measuring transformation of the moisture of grain crops, the essence of which is to measure the power of this signal at the output of the waveguide when the grain moisture changes by using a traveling wave. By means of the analysis, carried out, the authors suggested the structural diagram of ultra-high-frequency humidity meter of cereal crops which realizes the mathematical model, proposed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the issue of energy efficiency in the context of contemporary challenges such as resource scarcity, urbanizatio, and environmental regulations. Particular attention is devoted to the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) for automation and optimization of energy consumption. In the backdrop of globalization and technological advancement, research on IoT as a tool for efficient energy resource utilization is identified as a promising avenue for exploration. Publications related to smart buildings in Ukraine are highlighted, focusing on their consumer role in electricity consumption and the potential of IoT for optimization. The study delves into the concept of "green" IoT, examining challenges and principles of energy efficiency specific to IoT devices. The analysis of additional research concerning IoT capabilities in the water supply sector and energy efficiency in the construction industry is provided. The paper aims to investigate the technology’s potential for reducing energy consumption. Principal research tasks include: analyzing the architecture of IoT for a better understanding of its structure and capabilities; studying key areas of IoT application in the sectors like construction and industry for energy conservation; outlining fundamental principles for IoT utilization in optimizing energy consumption. The architecture of IoT systems is studied in-depth to fully understand their structure and dynamics, playing a crucial role in maximizing their potential for energy conservation. The authors focus on investigating the areas where IoT finds application in energy conservation, understanding key spheres across various sectors, including construction, industry, and urban planning. Through detailed analysis of IoT architecture and its capabilities, the paper identifies four key principles for the effective use of IoT technology in the energy sector. These principles encompass setting specific energy goals, implementing technologies for monitoring and automation, data collection and analysis for consumption optimization, and evaluation of outcomes for further system improvement. The work emphasizes the role of IoT as a potent tool for enhancing energy efficiency and achieving global sustainable development goals. Overall, the paper seeks to contribute to existing knowledge about the capabilities of IoT in the context of energy conservation, prompting further discussion and research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the state of higher environmental education at V.G. Korolenko Poltava National Pedagogical University. The stages of formation of the (bachelor's) level of higher education in the specialty 101 "Ecology" are highlighted. The priority directions of professional development of teachers of natural sciences are analyzed. The ways to improve the quality of training of environmental specialists at the Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University are considered. It has been found that the university creates and provides mechanisms for comprehensive educational, organizational, informational, advisory and social support for students during their studies. Communication and support for students of the educational program is carried out at the following main levels: higher education student - teachers; curators; university services; student self-government bodies. Communication is carried out directly (communication during classroom classes, in the framework of writing term papers and qualification papers; in the preparation of various events, etc.) and indirectly (providing access to educational and information materials on the University's web resources; access to the library repository; creating groups in social networks, etc.). This structure of communication between the participants of the educational process allows for the implementation of educational and informational (exchange of educational, scientific, educational and methodological information; transfer of socially significant norms and values), organizational (coordination of joint actions, feedback between the subjects of interaction), advisory (clarification of certain issues arising within the educational process) and social (providing support, motivating students) functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article «International mediation - the art of resolving and managing international conflicts» examines the role of mediation in international conflict resolution. The authors analyse the principles and methods used in international mediation and examine examples of successful cases where mediation has facilitated an amicable agreement. The paper highlights the peculiarities of international conflicts, which are different from internal conflicts, and justifies the importance of the use of mediation in such situations. It also provides an overview of international organisations that are involved in mediation and mediation in different regions of the world. The paper emphasises that international mediation requires specific skills and approaches, taking into account different cultural, political and historical contexts. The authors discuss the importance of the involvement of independent mediators who have the necessary expertise and the trust of all parties to the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulation of requirements for independent professional examination of legal circumstances and their consequences is associated with a number of issues, in particular, of a theoretical and methodological nature. One of the main issues is the development of a theory of competence of an independent professional expert institution, the starting point of which is to determine the requirements under which such an institution is able to perform certain actions (i. e., is competent), in particular, with regard to the organisation and conduct of an expert study to assess compliance with a material change in circumstances that the parties could not foresee when entering into an agreement (contract) and its legal consequences within the meaning of Article 652 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. Despite a certain number of scientific papers devoted to the study of various aspects of the possible implementation of the legal doctrine in practice, it should be noted that the legal literature has not yet formalised the requirements and established a full-fledged definition of the competence of an independent professional expert. The purpose of the publication is to substantiate the doctrinal basis for the requirements to such a category as the competence to assess compliance with a material change of circumstances which the parties could not foresee when entering into an agreement (contract) and its legal consequences within the meaning of Article 652 of the Civil Code of Ukraine; to analyse practical situations to which attempts have been made to apply the conclusions of chambers of commerce and industry in Ukraine and to find out the reasons for their judicial devaluation. The object is legal relations arising in the course of independent professional examinations, as well as the circumstances that significantly complicate the fulfilment of obligations under the agreement (contract) for reasons beyond the will, desires and actions of the parties; the subject is the current positive law, the practice of judicial activity and the activities of expert institutions. The author establishes that the opinions of chambers of commerce and industry in Ukraine on assessing a material change in circumstances which the parties could not foresee when concluding an agreement (contract) and its legal consequences within the meaning of Article 652 of the Civil Code of Ukraine are widely used. The author has clarified the legal conclusions of the court which state that chambers of commerce and industry in Ukraine do not have the authority to provide such conclusions. The optimal methodological basis for the competence of an independent professional expert to provide an assessment of compliance with a material change in circumstances that the parties could not foresee when concluding an agreement (contract) and its legal consequences within the meaning of Article 652 of the Civil Code of Ukraine may be legal requirements that: 1) are similar to the requirements of international standards, in particular, ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management Systems), ISO 37001:2016 (Anti-Corruption Management Systems), ISO/IEC 27001:2013 (Information Security Management Systems), EN ISO/IEC 17020: 2012 (Management Systems for Inspection Bodies. Conformity Assessment), as they guarantee the adequacy and controllability of the processes of providing conformity assessment (independent professional expertise), and provide for: 2) the availability of statutory powers to carry out such activities; 3) confirmed professional qualifications and professional competence of experts; 4) voluntary insurance of professional liability risks for damage caused to third parties by the conformity assessment (expert opinion) provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the method of shaping the product using 3D technology by means of applying arc heating and consumable material – a wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm. The aim of the work is to study the structure and mechanical properties of the product manufactured using additive 3D technology. Each deposited layer consists of three separate beads: two lateral ones, which provide the set contours of the layer, and one middle one, which fills the space between the two lateral ones. Electric arc surfacing was carried out with the help of a welding robot. The use of a robot made it possible to control the time between layer depositions, thereby controlling grain growth. Also, the use of a robot makes it possible to reproduce a set part as accurately as possible according to a pre-calculated and designed model with a minimum error of repetition of the torch movement of ±0.03 mm. As a result, the structure and mechanical properties of the deposited product were investigated. It is shown that the product manufactured according to the presented technology has a fine-grained ferrite-pearlite structure; the grain size ranges from 7 to 10 numbers. The mechanical properties along and across the deposited layers were studied. The indices practically do not differ. A comparison of their values with normative ones showed that they exceeded normative values by 10–50%. 14 Ref., 3 Tabl., 4 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the method of synthesis and the results of the investigation of the components of a solid corrosion inhibitor intended for the protection of equipment of gas-condensate and oil wells. 1-Amidohydroxystearate-diethyldiamine-2- hydroxystearylimidazoline was synthesized by the interaction of hydroxystearic acid with triethyltetramine. By chemical transformation of pork fat with triethyltetramine, amidoamines of fatty acids were synthesized. The passage of the relevant chemical reactions was confirmed by the methods of infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatographic analysis. The gravimetric method was used to investigate the inhibitory properties of the synthesized substances with respect to 08 ps steel in a simulated corrosive medium. The optimal ratio between 1- amidohydroxystearate-diethyldiamine-2- hydroxystearylimidazoline and amidoamines of fatty acids in the composition of the corrosion inhibitor in a new commercial form (solid) was established. It was shown that the use of amidoamines of fatty acids as part of a corrosion inhibitor helps to reduce its softening temperature and improve plasticity and solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to explore the peculiarities of forming an individual's information culture in the digital age, taking into account aspects of academic integrity. The paper examines the main components of digital literacy, particularly computer literacy, data skills, digital communication, and digital environment security. The influence of developing an information literacy level on creating a culture of academic integrity is explored. Research methodology. The study uses general scientific methods of system analysis, synthesis, and comparison, informational, cultural, and activity approaches (to analyse the theory of generations, namely the characteristics of centenarians born in the digital age; to define codes of academic integrity of higher education establishments). The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying the peculiarities of forming an individual's information culture in the digital age and concerning fields such as sociology, psychology, and education. Conclusions. The article discusses the importance of digital literacy and its impact on academic development. It is determined that the ability to work with information in the digital environment can increase the level of integrity in the academic sphere. This combination expands the understanding of the relationship between information culture, digital technologies, and academic ethics, and forms new views on personal development in the modern information environment. The importance of developing the information culture and the culture of academic integrity as a holistic process in the modern digital environment has been determined. In the digital era, the formation of an individual's information culture plays an important role in creating an information space. Academic integrity should be a key aspect in raising the level of literacy and ethical standards in the information sphere. To ensure the successful development of the digital society, it is important to maintain and promote the values of academic integrity and high standards of information culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article diagnoses the prospects for the development of enterprises for the processing of solid household waste (SHW). It is specified that improving the quality of services provided by enterprises and the transition to European standards in the field of removal, utilization and processing of solid waste is a top priority, as Ukraine seeks to become a member of the EU in the future. It is noted that recycling is an important component of sustainable development and contributes to the creation of a more efficient and environmentally conscious economy for enterprises and the country. The most common types of solid waste recycling are presented, each of which is aimed at transforming a specific type of waste. The paper analyzes successful business cases that have already been implemented as a result of recycled solid waste and introduced into practice in other countries of the world. It is noted that some Ukrainian enterprises in collaboration with foreign partners have actively begun to implement similar cases. It is noted that a promising direction is the energy sector, which is currently also related to the processing of solid waste. It is noted that, even taking into account the active hostilities taking place on the territory of Ukraine, there are enterprises, organizations and institutions that are already actively working or just starting their business activities in the field of SHW processing. It is concluded that it is an important aspect, in particular, firstly, how the growing awareness of society about the problems of environmental pollution and the need to protect it creates a demand for environmentally friendly technologies and services, including waste recycling. Secondly, legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing waste and improving waste management create a favorable framework for the development of this sector. Thirdly, technological progress in the field of recycling makes it possible to create new products from waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Also, the development of this sector can stimulate investment and contribute to the creation of new jobs in the field of ecological economy. All this testifies to the potentially high investment attractiveness and prospects for the development of solid waste processing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful operation of construction and manufacturing companies requires the implementation of such a management function as sales planning, which allows, through certain mechanisms of goal setting and careful monitoring of their implementation, to achieve the desired development results for both individual organisations and the country's economy. The problem of improving the efficiency of planning the proper operation of construction enterprises is especially important for developing countries, which undoubtedly include Ukraine. Therefore, in order to improve their performance, our enterprises need to learn how to improve the work planning system, improve strategic and tactical development planning, and learn how to objectively assess the implementation of the measures taken. This paper develops a methodology for planning sales at a construction and manufacturing enterprise. Priority is given to identifying and thoroughly analysing the main indicators that affect the achievement of improvement of the sales planning system for an objective assessment. In the framework of this research, some selective target standards of the organisation's development were analysed in order to obtain all the necessary data for improving the overall development strategy of the enterprise. An active sales strategy was developed, which included certain changes in the structure and operation of the sales department, the introduction of the latest developments and the setting of certain tasks for the organisation's employees. The planned and actual expenses of the sales department were optimised. Particular attention is paid to motivating the work of commercial employees, which should combine the most effective methods of moral and material incentives. The article presents planned indicators of annual distribution of sales by managers, based on the analysis of sales of previous years and the specifics of the construction market. The indicator of total expenses of the sales department in relation to the planned indicator was introduced to enable a thorough control of performance results. The results of the presented study can be used to establish a sales planning system at construction and manufacturing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the reception and interpretation of Louis Althusser's philosophy by Chinese scholars. At first, the article presents the distinctive features of the historical and philosophical context of introduction to Althusser's ideas in China (late 1970s-2000s) and the formation of respective Althusserian researches. The paper in detail analyzes the studies of the Chinese Marxist philosophers, which provided introductions and commentaries on the key tenets of Althusser's theory. Besides, it defines the relation between Althusserian theory and structuralism, philosophy and science; study of Althusser's standpoint on history, dialectics and humanism. The article emphasizes that the introduction of Althusserian concepts such as "epistemological break", "symptomatic reading", "overdetermination", "aleatory materialism", "theoretical antihumanism", "anti-economism", anti-historicism, the relationship between theory and practice into the Chinese scientific discourse was carried out in the works of Li Qingyi, Xu Chongwen, Xu Ben, Wang Jie, Zhang Yibing, Hu Daping, Pan Xiaoming, Jin Yaomei, Zhang Yujia, Li Shili, Pan Zhixin, Zheng Yishi, Wang Yuchen, Liu Yulan. It was studied the ambiguous attitude towards the methodology of Althusser's structuralist Marxism on the part of Du Renzhi, Wang Fengcai, Zhou Yi, Zhang Jinpeng, Zhang Wenxi, and Li Shule. Considerable attention is paid to the criticism of Althusser's ideology theory, which has aroused substantial interest among Chinese scholars (Yu Wujin, Meng Dengying, Zhu Xiaohui, Wang Xingfu, Ying Wenzuo, Liu Yulan, Lin Qing, and Wang Chunming). Then, the critical perception of the main theoretical propositions of Althusser's philosophy in the works of Huang Jifeng, Zhang Yibing, Xu Chunwen, Wu Meng, Wang Shizhong and Liu Baomin was analyzed using the examples of the "symptomatic reading" method and the concept of "epistemological gap". Various approaches to Althusser's controversial understanding of "multiplicity" are presented in the works of Zheng Yishi, Duan Zhongqiao, Yang Haifeng and Liu Huaiyu. The study of Althusser's late philosophical thought, which primarily concerns the concept of "aleatory materialism", is presented on the examples of the works of Ling Xin, Li Jinhui and Guo Hua. The conclusions highlight that Chinese Marxist philosophers are more focused on the study of Althusser's philosophical ideas than on his political and economic concepts. It is also noted that some Chinese Marxist philosophers creatively accept Althusser's Marxist structuralism, while others adopt a critical stance and prefer classical Marxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the main characteristics of the temporal and spatial dynamics of the Middle Eastern regional subsystem, outlining its key directions and trends. The coevolution of global and Middle Eastern regional trends is examined, emphasizing the system's potential in the post-bipolar confrontation of international relations. The study argues that the international system's evolution has unleashed the system-forming potential of regional-level international relations, strengthening autonomously in global segmentation and regional interaction development processes. It is argued that the systemic characteristics of the Middle Eastern regional system impact the global system, undergoing a triple transformation: the Westphalian state-centric world-political model, the modern international system, and the political systems of individual countries worldwide. Regional-level processes influence the formation of the future world order structure and the contours of a new global order. The Islamic alternative dual model of the world order challenges the Westphalian state-centric global order, envisioning its own construction principles. In the Middle East, a reassessment of the fundamental principles of the Westphalian state-centric world model casts doubt on the territorial settlement in the Middle East established after World War I. Manifestations of deterritorialization include the "blurring" of state sovereignty, border revisions, and the dissolution of statehood. Transnationalization is evident in "wars of a new generation" and the formation of quasi-state entities. Democratization in the Middle East is characterized by more destructive features and consequences. The "Arab Spring" led to the weakening of traditional centers of power, giving rise to a dual structure in the regional system - the Sunni "arc of moderation" and the Shia axis led by Iran. The intra-Islamic geopolitical and ideological conflict gains particular significance, transitioning from regional to global levels. The old order in the region is disappearing, and the transition to a new one is characterized by uncertainty, the strengthening role of political Islam, and a new geopolitical role for Islamic fundamentalism, coupled with unbridled transit of Islamist ideas and ongoing internal, interstate, and transnational conflicts, intensifying threats from non-state actors. Further instability is anticipated, with the possibility of redrawing existing interstate borders and the emergence of quasi-states relying on ethnic and ethno-confessional forces and supported by influential geopolitical power centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of improving the system of physical education and sports in the context of the European vector of development is relevant and important for modern society, as it contributes to the development of human potential, health maintenance and improvement of the quality of life. the European vector of development can mean the support of an active lifestyle, the development of sports infrastructure, the stimulation of sports achievements, the promotion of sports tolerance and diversity, as well as the implementation of inclusive approaches to sports that ensure accessibility and equal conditions for all participants. The purpose of the article is the conceptualization of the theoretical and methodological foundations of improving the system of physical education and sports for students of higher education and the adult population in the paradigm of the European vector of development. The research methodology includes interdisciplinary, cultural, sociological, psychological, pedagogical approaches, which allow to gain a deeper understanding of the problem and develop effective strategies for improving the system of physical education and sports for students of higher education and the adult population in the context of the European vector of development. Research result. 1. The development of the system of physical education and sports for students of higher education and the adult population in the paradigm of the European vector of development in the conditions of globalization was studied. 2. The content and direction of development of the European vector of the development of the system of physical education and sports for students of higher education and the adult population have been determined. 3. The concept of winter sports in the system of physical education and eport of students of higher education and adult population in educational institutions in EU countries is analyzed. 4. The main principles of the concept of winter sports in the countries of the European Union are clarified. The study of this topic contributes to the deepening of the understanding of the theoretical foundations of physical education and sports, including pedagogical, social, physiological and psychological aspects. The results of the research can contribute to the creation of new theories and concepts in the field of physical education and sports, which can be used for the further development of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of solving the tasks of extracting low-potential environmental heat from open bodies of water when using heat pump systems with collectors immersed in the body of water, there is a need to obtain information about the depth of temperature changes in the body of water, which determines the layer of water that actively interacts with the Earth's atmosphere. In the cold season, the temperature in it drops, and in the warm season it rises. It is known that the efficiency of the heat pump system depends on both the temperature difference at the outlet of the heat pump condenser and the inlet to its evaporator, and the stability of the temperature of the heat energy source. The temperature at the inlet to the heat pump evaporator is determined by the temperature of the medium at the place of installation of the thermal energy collector. And taking into account the fact that the collector of the hydrothermal system usually sinks to the bottom of the reservoir, the task of determining not so much the change in water temperature in the reservoir itself as the temperature at the watersoil boundary, at the bottom of the reservoir, that is, the study of thermo physical processes occurring in water under the influence of both exogenous and and endogenous factors. The main feature of the hydrothermal thermal energy production system is the combination of technical and natural elements of such systems. At the same time, the natural source of thermal energy is located in an environment that is not easily accessible for observation. The paper provides a description of the developed experimental hydrothermal heat pump system and the research methodology. Field studies were conducted to analyze the influence of bottom heat flows on the daily regime of a small open water body. Changes in the temperature of water and the bottom of open water bodies in the city where the experimental system is located are practically determined. It is shown that as a result of taking into account the heat exchange with the bottom, the temperature at the depth of the reservoir increases and decreases near the surface. This leads to an increase in the turbulent flow from the atmosphere and a decrease in heat output due to long-wave radiation, as a result of which the average temperature of the reservoir increases. The mathematical apparatus for analytical calculation of the depth of temperature wave propagation in water during the construction of hydrothermal heat pump systems is described. The basic mathematical apparatus for describing such processes includes differential equations that take into account the dependence of temperature on time and spatial coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the consideration of the design features of closed-cycle pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations, as well as other gravitational energy accumulators to ensure the accumulation of energy from renewable energy sources by means of a comparative analysis. The tasks of research are a rational way of accumulating electricity from wind and solar power plants require a comprehensive approach, taking into account all the features of renewable energy sources. The growing installed capacity of photo and wind power plants is associated with the need to solve the problem of instability of electric power generation over time. The analysis of various storage technologies, including gravity accumulators, hydroaccumulating power plants of underground and marine types, thermal storage, emphasizes that the closed-cycle pumpedstorage hydroelectric power stations is an effective energy accumulator for autonomous energy systems of renewable energy. A comparative analysis of closed-cycle pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations showed that stations of this type, in comparison with classic ones, require a smaller amount of working fluid to ensure the same power, which is achieved due to the creation of a higher head up to 600m and the fact that the external source of water needed only to cover system losses. The reduction of environmental impacts is also established, as the installation requires a smaller size of exclusion areas, and the possibility of using tunnels and underground stations minimizes the impact on the environment. It was established that the number of potential places for the installation of closed-cycle pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations is over 615,000 around the world with a total accumulation potential of 23.1 million GWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work has been performed on optimization of the technological scheme of producing ingots for consumable electrodes with a stable chemical composition and properties. The paper presents the results of studying an ingot of 195 mm diameter from a titanium aluminide-based alloy of Ti–28Al–7Nb–2Mo system, made by double electron beam remelting. Further ingot remelting in the arc furnace was performed, which allowed producing a homogeneous and defectfree ingot of an optimal composition of Ti–28Al–7Nb–2Mo–0.3 (Y, Re, B). The influence of modifying on the structure and properties was studied. It was determined that addition of surfactants promotes refining of the structural components and improvement of the alloy mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives the results of acoustic emission (AE) evaluation during pneumatic testing of pressure vessels in air distribution station at Odesa Portside Plant. It is shown that application of AE testing and respective equipment allowed evaluation of technical condition of the tested objects, as well as taking into account the special features of testing performance, in order to improve the methodological approaches to generation and processing of data of complex structure AE diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing use of high-strength low-alloy steels in additive metal structure manufacture is accompanied by an increase in the requirements to the reliability of prediction results in the “composition-structure-properties” system. Application of fractal analysis methods allows establishing the metal structure characteristics by numerical parametrization, the metallographic analysis of which gives only a qualitative assessment. The paper shows the possibilities of fractal analysis for numerical evaluation of such characteristics of additive metal structure as the total length of grain boundaries, distribution of dislocations at the grain structural boundaries, distribution density of nonmetallic inclusion accumulations at a distance less than 5r from one another. Shown is the possibility of numerical parametrization of the structure and nonmetallic inclusions in the “structure-fractal-properties” system for predicting the mechanical properties of additive metal of high-strength low-alloy steel type. 7 Ref., 7 Tabl., 9 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the main directions of development in the field of promising aluminium alloys. New generation alloys with improved chemical composition, technologies of production and heat treatment of semi-finished products are considered. The question of the relationship between the structure of the alloys and their operational properties, the influence of heat treatment modes and alloying on mechanical properties and weldability of aluminium alloys in order to obtain the specified predicted operational properties is highlighted. The results of the use of aluminium alloys in aviation and space technology are described. A review of industrial deformable alloys of Al-Li and Al-Cu-Mn system, and comparative characteristics of weldability of various promising aluminium alloys (1460, V-1469, 1201 and their analogues 2090, 2195, 2219) is conducted. 30 Ref., 1 Tabl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the effect of arc welding technological processes on the resistance of welded joints of scarcely alloyed atmosphere-resistant 06G2BDP steel to cold and hot cracks formation and brittle and fatigue fracture. With the help of the Implant method and using the technological Tekken sample, the conditions for cold cracks formation were evaluated and the methods of their elimination were recommended. It is shown that with the use of mechanized welding in shielding gases, solidsection and flux-cored wires provide high technological strength of welded joints in terms of hot cracks formation in a wide range of welding modes. On the other hand, when using coated electrodes, this range is narrowed, and at Vdef ≥ 20 mm/min, joints are prone to the formation of this defect. The results of studies on the evaluation of welded joints resistance to brittle fracture indicate high values of the stress intensity factor KQ for both the weld metal and HAZ metal. The endurance limit of T-joints when tested by cyclic loading was determined, which is [ σ ]-1 = 35 MPa. 15 Ref., 1 Tabl., 5 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores an alternative to experimental approach for developing new polymeric materials through computer modeling of physical systems using molecular dynamics methods. Molecular dynamics is a powerful tool for predicting the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of synthesized polymers. The paper provides an overview of different software for investigating the physical and mechanical properties of polymers and their composites, including force fields for describing the interaction of polymer atoms/molecules, various algorithms for constructing polymer structures, and their equilibration. The efficiency of different approaches to molecular dynamics modeling of polymeric and nanocomposite systems is analyzed. Molecular dynamics methods enhance the understanding of polymer behavior under various external conditions by analyzing the trajectory of atomic/molecular models and tracking and controlling all process parameters, capturing minimal structural changes. However, a notable disadvantage is the requirement for substantial computational resources. The study evaluates the results of molecular dynamics modeling, encompassing numerical investigations of thermal, mechanical, rheological, and tribological properties. Based on the comprehensive review, two molecular models of polyethylene are constructed and simulated using different force fields, employing the open-source molecular dynamic code LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the material. It is established that, under appropriate application of molecular dynamics methods, results congruent with experimental data can be obtained. The obtained physical property values can subsequently be utilized in continuum modeling processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric verification systems are pivotal for identifying individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics, offering enhanced security over traditional authentication methods. Despite their advantages, the accuracy and reliability of biometric verification present challenges, necessitating innovative approaches for feature extraction and representation. This paper proposes integrating Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension (HFD) as an additional feature in autoencoder architectures to enhance feature extraction processes in biometric verification tasks. The incorporation of HFD, known for capturing signal complexity and self-similarity, is anticipated to improve the discriminative power of extracted features, thereby enhancing overall verification efficacy. The study focuses on biometric verification using sensor signals, aiming to examine and analyze the impact of adding additional features such as HFD on biometric verification results and evaluation metrics. In conclusion, the integration of Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) features into autoencoder-based models for biometric verification tasks demonstrates a promising approach to enhancing the accuracy of biometric systems. This research confirms the hypothesis that additional signal information, provided by HFD features, substantially aids models in effectively distinguishing biometric patterns. However, computational costs associated with HFD calculations pose a challenge, particularly for applications requiring low latency. Future work should focus on developing optimized algorithms for HFD computations or exploring alternative methods to capture signal complexity with lower computational overheads. This study lays the groundwork for extended use of fractal dimensions in biometric verification, suggesting a fruitful direction for future research in improving the accuracy and efficiency of biometric systems through advanced signal processing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the functional vectors of the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine is the development and implementation of protection systems for various information platforms in society's infrastructure, particularly focusing on creating safe technologies to detect deepfake-modifications of biometric images, based on neural networks in cyberspace. This paper presents the security principles of neural network information technologies (IT) within the context of deepfake-modifications. It delineates a basic approach for safely detecting deepfake-modifications in biometric images and outlines a security methodology for multi-level neural network IT systems, organized according to the "object – threat – protection" concept. The basic approach integrates information neural network technology with decision support IT, structured by a modular architecture for detecting deepfake modifications. This architecture operates across the stages of "pre-processing of feature data – classifier training." The core of the IT security methodology emphasizes the integrity of neural network systems for detecting deepfakemodifications in biometric images, coupled with data analysis systems that execute the information process of "dividing video files into frames – detecting and processing features – evaluating the accuracy of image classifiers. The security methodology for multi-level neural network IT relies on systemic and synergistic approaches to construct a comprehensive IT security system. This system accounts for the possibility of emergent threats and incorporates cutting-edge countermeasure technologies at both hardware and software levels. The proposed comprehensive security system for detecting deepfake-modifications in biometric images encompasses hardware and software tools across several segments: automated classifier accuracy assessment, real-time deepfake-modification detection, sequential image processing, and classification accuracy evaluation utilizing cloud computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research, aimed at finding the optimal power of transformers through the analysis of technical and economic indicators that reflect the cost of electrical energy transformation. During the research, the characteristics corresponding to the existing parametric intervals of power transformers of 110 kV electric grid were used. The decision regarding the need to find the optimal power of transformers is made by evaluating the ratios of the components in the technoeconomic model of costs for the transformation of electrical energy, the change of which is due to the deviation of the operational characteristics of the power transformer from economically feasible values. When determining the economically feasible rated power, the indicators of the improved technical and economic model of the 110 kV transformers used in the electric network are taken as the basic ones. In the paper, the economically feasible values are the ratios in the techno-economic model of costs for the transformation of electrical energy determined using the criterion method and reflected by the criteria of the similarity of the objective function. In order to find the economically feasible power of the transformer, the technoeconomic model is improved and formed in a simplified form. Similarity criteria, which were found using the developed techno- economic model, reflect the ratio of component costs according to the criterion of minimum discounted costs. In the process of finding the optimal power of transformers, expressions were developed for calculating the economically feasible power and the corresponding amount of costs for the transformation of electrical energy. According to the developed expressions, the dependence of economically reasonable power on the load of the transformer in conventional units is obtained and given. The resulting dependence makes it possible to determine the optimal amount of power, taking into account the change in the load factor of the transformer, which is shown in the example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the performed work is to improve the accuracy of measuring the mass flow rate and density of a liquid by controlling the flow parameters of a fluid medium and evaluating the uncertainty component of the measurement results due to the fluidity of the parameters of the measured liquid flow, the characteristics of which differ from those of water. For this purpose, we analyzed modern research. Based on the results of the analysis of the Coriolis flowmeter structure and the conversion equation of the measuring instrument, the factors that change during measurements affect the accuracy of the flowmeter's measurement of mass flow and density of the liquid are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the main flow parameters that reduce the measurement accuracy of the Coriolis flowmeter and cause additional measurement uncertainty are identified. The budget of the measurement uncertainty components is described and additional uncertainty components of the measurement results are calculated, and the budget includes uncertainty components that take into account factors of changes in the flow rate and the nature of the flow of the fluid whose mass and density are measured by the Coriolis flowmeter. The following parameters are investigated: flow velocity change, pressure change in the pipeline upstream and downstream of the flowmeter, and temperature change. A method for controlling the parameters of the fluid medium has been developed. Criteria for controlling the flow medium depending on the pulsation index are proposed. The paper describes a method for estimating the uncertainty component of measurement results due to fluidity of the medium and changes in the velocity and pressure of the measured fluid flow, the characteristics of which differ from those of water. A method for changing the parameters of the fluid flow is proposed, which will allow controlling the measurement under specified conditions and increasing the accuracy of measuring the mass flow rate of a fluid whose characteristics differ from those of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes the hypothesis of the explosive-nature dislocationelectronic mechanism of the deformation cracks in the metals' nucleation. This hypothesis is based on the Coulomb repulsion of the positively-charged ions. when the neutral state of the ion--electron system in the crystal lattice is disturbed that leads to the nanolocal Coulomb explosion and the appearance of the nucleated cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the development of models for forecasting the electricity generation of industrial solar power plants using artificial neural networks and numerical weather prediction. The relevance of the research is driven by the need to reduce costs related to imbalances in electricity generation from renewable sources, which can sometimes reach 50% of the released electricity. Additionally, the imbalances of such producers are increasing in Ukraine's power system. Currently, the general imbalances of renewable energy producers in Ukraine have led to a 45% reduction in green electricity production, especially due to the damage or destruction of 75% of wind power plants and 15% of solar power plants in southern and southeastern regions as a result of hostilities. Increasing the accuracy and stability of electricity generation forecasts for such producers could significantly reduce costs associated with imbalances.. Various aggregation methods have been developed for 15-minute values of green energy generation to enhance forecasting accuracy for 1, 2, and 24-hour intervals. The study investigated the potential benefits of using numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast values to enhance forecasting accuracy. The study revealed the significance of different factors for forecasting at each bias interval. The study employed two modern recurrent neural network models, LSTM and GRU, with varying time sequences. References 14, figures 5, table 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Problems of integration of DG and RES, as well as energy storage systems (ESS) in the Microgrid systems are investigated in this paper. It is proposed to consider Microgrid models of systems with different types of DG and RES (DER) within the framework of the SGAM architecture, and to distinguish three types of DG and ESS: " Non controllable DER (T1)", "Controllable DER (T2)" and "DER with storage systems (T3)" with further division into subtypes. This method makes it possible to display the multifaceted interaction of systems with DER and ESS within the framework of Microgrid systems. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the formulation of the problem of optimal interaction of DG sources and ESS within the boundaries of Microgrid systems within the framework of game theory is formalized. An optimization procedure is proposed within the framework of a formalized game, which is based on mechanisms of dynamic pricing and allows to find the most optimal solutions for the game task. References 13, Figures 8, table 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the performance characteristics of the electrоtechnical system (ETS), built on the basis of a series high-Q resonant LC circuit and intended for diagnosing the isolation of high-voltage equipment. The frequency dependences of the parameters L and C elements of the resonant circuit were experimentally studied and it was shown that for both elements there is an optimal frequency at which the value of the element’s Q- factor reaches its maximum value. It was established that the Q-factor of the investigated circuit is determined mainly by the Q-factor of its inductance and reaches the maximum value QLC,max = 280 at the frequency f= 40 kHz. The Simulink model was developed for the analysis of the performance characteristics of the ETS in steady state. Graphical dependences are given, which allow to determine the level of voltage on the load for a given active resistance of this load, as well as the energy characteristics and the value of the efficiency of the ETS at the stage of its design. A Simulink model has also been developed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the ETS when a breakdown of the diagnosed insulation occurs. It is shown that the breakdown of the insulation in the ETS, which has a series high-Q resonant circuit, will cause a rapid decrease in current by Q times, and not an increase in current to emergency values, as in an ETS based on high-voltage transformers. In this way, a fast-acting parametric stabilization of the output current is implemented in the ETS even in case of electrical breakdowns of the high-voltage insulation of the power equipment under diagnosis. Thus, the ETS implements high-speed parametric stabilization of the output current, which prevents the destruction of both the ETS and the diagnosed high-voltage insulation of power equipment even during its electrical breakdown. References 11, figures 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial static boundary-value problems of mathematical physics for a layer with a non-circular cylindrical through hole have hardly been solved using the method of singular integral equations (SIE) despite the fact that numerous fundamental theoretical issues have been developed. Methods for the calculation of spectral characteristics are also absent. The paper provides an overview of the methods for solving these problems. A new mathematical model has been constructed, and a new method based on a system of three SIEs has been developed and tested numerically. As a result of a high-precision numerical study, it was found that with an increase in the thickness of the layer, an increase in the relative circumferential stress occurs. In the case of a circular hole, a shift of the maximum relative circumferential stress from the ends to the depth of the layer is observed. In the case of an elliptical hole, with a decrease in one of the radii, an increase in the relative circumferential stress is also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a methodology for mathematical modeling of the step-by-step development of nodes and transport routes in a hierarchical network with multicommodity discrete flows of correspondence based on solving the problems of optimizing its structure and distribution of flows. As a rule, such networks consist of a decentralized trunk network and networks in the internal service areas of trunk nodes. In a multicommodity network, each node can exchange correspondence (products, goods, cargo, messages) with other nodes. Correspondence is characterized by a source node, a sink node, and a quantity, which for data transmission networks is given by the number of bytes, kilobytes, etc., and for transport networks by the number of cargo units in a package of uniform size. In the trunk network, all correspondence is transmitted via communication channels or transported in vehicles in transport blocks of a given size (capacity, volume). The authors considered the main postulates of generating a mathematical model of the perspective development of the trunk network and gave a method of mathematical modeling of the step-by-step development of nodes and transport routes, which includes, for each stage of development, the forecasting of data and network parameters, solving the problem of packing correspondence and choosing the structure of the network, solving the problem of distribution and routing of flows of transport blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of modeling the movement of heterogeneous flows of people is shown to be one of the topical applied problems of the class of geometric design. The paper proposes a mathematical model, methods, and algorithms for modeling the movement of heterogeneous flows of people based on local optimization methods for the movement of geometric objects, taking into account changes in their spatial shape and metric characteristics. These algorithms are based on an analytical description of the conditions for non-intersection of objects, taking into account their continuous translations and rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines methods for assessing the distribution of elements in a stochastic matrix assuming an exponential distribution of elements in the corresponding adjacency matrix of a graph. Two cases are considered: the first assumes homogeneity of all graph vertices, while the second assumes heterogeneity in the distribution of vertices with corresponding density calculations. Hypothesis testing tests are formulated for the respective distributions to determine the membership of two graph vertices in the same cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the generalized temperature dependence of the stress intensity factor KJC in the WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessel metal, which was derived based on the surveillance test data for fracture toughness. The consistency of the shape of the Master curve and 95 % upper and lower confidence bounds with the experimental dependence of crack resistance parameters on temperature was studied. From the point of view of the level of conservatism and acceptability, a comparison of the normative curves of fracture toughness according to NPRR (Nuclear Power Rules and Regulations) G-7-002-86 and SOU NNEGC (Standard of organization of Ukraine, National Nuclear Energy Generating Company) 177:2019 with a 5 % confidence bound of the Master curve was carried out. The possibility of using RT0 temperature as a temperature index instead of TK for the normative fracture toughness curve of SOU NNEGC 177:2019 was considered [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection and removal of unexploded ordnance and landmines are vital for ensuring civilian safety, enabling the repurposing of affected land, and supporting post-conflict recovery efforts. Robotization plays a pivotal role in addressing the hazardous and labor-intensive nature of demining operations. The purpose of this paper is to review prominent computer vision techniques, particularly object detection, and analyze their applications in the specialized domain of explosive ordnance detection. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the utilization of computer vision in the field of explosive ordnance detection. The study involved a comparative analysis of diverse imaging sensors employed for data capture. Special attention was given to reviewing sources that elaborate on different methods for detecting objects within the field of computer vision. Various approaches to object detection were thoroughly examined and compared. The research extensively examined the metrics and datasets used to evaluate different approaches for object detection. Possibilities of applying computer vision methods to detect explosive ordnance under the limitations of mobile platforms were studied. Directions of future research are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to highlighting the essence and content of the object of the criminal offense under Polish criminal law. Issues related to the classification of the object of the composition of a criminally punishable act, its practical significance and the content of the concept of similarity of criminally punishable acts are analyzed. The author focuses on the fact that it is not necessary to confuse the object of a criminally punishable act with an executive object. For example, if someone falsifies a document by scratching out certain words from its text and writing others, then the executive object here will be a sheet of paper on which he performs his actions. Instead, the object of a criminally punishable act, and, accordingly, the legal good protected by the law (and at the same time the good protected by Article 270 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland) is the authenticity of the document. The article also draws attention to the fact that in some articles of a special part of the Criminal Code, when describing a criminally punishable act, the object of protection is also indicated, for example, in Art. 189 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland lists freedom as a legal good among the signs. which is protected by this norm. However, most often the object of a criminally punishable act does not belong to its legally prescribed features. In the article, the author also emphasizes that the object of a criminally punishable act is also of significant importance in determining the similarity of criminally punishable acts, in particular, for the application of norms on recidivism. According to § 2 of Art. 115 of the Criminal Code, similar criminally punishable acts are criminally punishable acts that belong to the same type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of study of the electrophysical properties of metal-semiconductor junctions, where the influence of the structuralimpurity state of the semiconductor substrate and deposited film is significant. The influence of different preparing modes for the silicon substrate, including the thermal gettering treatment, on minority charge-carrier lifetime and on the concentration of electrically active impurity defects in the surface layer of n-Si is considered. The calculation results of the I-V characteristics of Fe/n-Si and (Fe + C)/n-Si junctions are presented with the proposed method for the quantification of their rectifying capabilities. The influence of the Fe film surface oxide and its alloying with carbon on the rectifying capability of the Fe/n-Si junctions is shown. The decreasing of the rectifying capability of the (Fe + C)/n-Si junction is established using the unique method for measuring the electrophysical properties of thin-film junction under conditions of an increase in external mechanical load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]