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The remnants of natural steppes in Northeastern Ukraine are represented in small areas, interconnected by riverbeds or large, extensive ravines and gullies. The presence of a large number of plant and animal species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine is the basis for granting of national protection status to these territories. The total territory of the prospective National Nature Park (NNP) "Skhidnyi Steppe" includes three clusters: Vovchanskyi, Burlutskyi and Kupyansko-Shevchenkivskyi, its total area is 22272.0 hectares. The future park covers the existing reserves "Vovchansky" and "Siverskodonetsky", the regional landscape park "Velykoburluk Steppe" (4 segments), and several reserves of a small area. In addition to the steppe areas, it is planned to include forests and meadow areas. The flora and fauna of the territory to be protected are of high conservation value: 25 species of vascular plants are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 63 species are listed in the Red List of Kharkiv region; 17 species of chalk outcrops and chalk steppes are relics; 49 animal species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 100 animal species are listed in Annexes 2 and 3 of the Berne Convention, 27 bird species are included in the lists of Bonn Convention; 33 animal species are in the List of rare species and species requiring protection in the Kharkiv Region. In addition, the proposed park hosts groups of 11 formations included in the Green Book of Ukraine and 16 habitats in need of protection under the Berne Convention. The purpose of the establishment of the National Nature Park "Skhidnyi Steppe" is the protection of unique natural areas in Northeastern Ukraine, namely, the last remnants of steppe and meadow ecosystems and forests in steppe gullies, which are an integral part of the gully steppe macrocomplex. The primary task of the future national park is to protect the grasslands. The next step is the restoration of pasture ecosystems as habitats for rare and endangered steppe species. This paper describes the planned NNP as of early 2022; it does not reflect changes caused by the hostilities that began in February 2022 and continue in the northern part to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research goal is to publish an unknown fragment of the memories of the Polish diplomat about the Great Famine in Ukraine in 1932-1933. The research methodology. Critical source analysis and comparison with other available materials of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the military intelligence. Scientific novelty. The following text analyzes, for the first time, unknown memoirs of the Holodomor of 1932-1933, written by S.Zabiełło, who was considered to be a leading Sovietologist in the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the interwar period. Conclusions. Much has already been written about the Holodomor of 1932-1933 and new researches are being underway. The aspect of the Great Famine has also been raised several times based on Polish diplomatic, consular and military intelligence documents of the Second Republic of Poland. This does not mean that no materials can be found in the Polish archives, where the Great Famine in Ukraine of 1932-1933 is mentioned. Of course, it is hard to expect to discover of a vast array of new and unknown sources. Most of the representative materials of this provenance have already been published. However, one of such unknown documents is a fragment of memories written by S.Zabiełło, which we provide in this paper. S.Zabiełło not only heard about hunger while in Moscow. He saw hunger with his own eyes when replacing the head of the Polish consulate general in Kharkiv, J.Karszo-Siedlewski, at the turn of August and September 1933. The Polish diplomat's analyses have treated the issue of the causes of the tragedy that had affected the peasants. Based on conversations with the Soviet dignitary, K.Radek, S.Zabiełło estimated the number of famine victims. He also wrote about acts of cannibalism etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socio-Economic Problems & the State / Socìalʹno-Ekonomìčnì Problemì ì Deržava is the property of Academy of Social Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is a continuation of long-term scientific work on studying the impact of climate change on the ecological state of water bodies with the involvement of a large array of statistical data for the period 1961-2020. But since in 2022 the studied territory became a theater of active war actions, it became necessary and scientific relevant to make a research about their impact on the state of water bodies. This is important in the context of changes in people's living conditions, as water is a vital resource, especially in this region, where due to the specifics of water use and the speed of climate change, water resources have undergone a rather rapid degradation, and according to forecasts, Kharkiv region was to face problems of shortage of water resources already in the coming decades. Military operations have accelerated the deterioration of water bodies, and sources of drinking water are especially sensitive to such changes. Thus, in the city of Kharkiv, according to laboratory studies, out of 11 sources of drinking water, the water is suitable for consumption in only 1. To study changes in the state of water bodies, cartographic analysis was actively used, which makes it possible to assess the spatial distribution and differentiation of the speed of these changes, and to establish relationships between the factors affecting this, such as the location of the network of settlements and the concentration of the population, as well as the degree of proximity to the front line and intensity of shelling from all types of ballistic weapons. To determine the changes that took place after the beginning of the full-scale invasion due to the lack of statistical data from stationary monitoring points, data from satellite images were used. The scientific novelty of this research is the study of modern changes in the ecological state of water bodies and their comparison with previous changes due to the nature of climatic dynamics, since taking into account the proximity of the research object to the zone of active hostilities, scientific activity in this area is very complicated, and therefore Currently, studies on a similar topic are just beginning to appear, but they are fragmentary in nature, and therefore there is a scientific need to create a more comprehensive study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to establish the role and place of the ancient Greek language in the curriculum of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Chernihiv, Kharkiv and Pereiaslav collegiums in the 18th - early 19th centuries. The article explains the methods of teaching this language; quantitative, class and other characteristics of teachers and students; motives for learning the language by the clergy and representatives of other classes. The methodological principles of intellectual and cultural history, history of everyday life and prosopography are used in the work (when creating a collective portrait of a language teacher). The study focuses on the identification and analysis of record keeping, on the basis of which training practices are reconstructed. Conclusions. Interest in the ancient Greek language has always been emphasized in the Orthodox Church discourse, and it has had different manifestations at different times. The teaching of the Greek language in the Kyiv-Bratsk Collegium began in the 17th century, and the Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Pereiaslav collegiums focused on this experience. In the 1730s and 1760s, the teaching of Greek in these schools acquired a systematic and disciplinary status. Such achievements were associated with the use of new European centers of Oriental studies and practices of various educational institutions (universities, Jesuit collegiums). In the last third of the 18th century, the ancient Greek language became in these "Latin schools" a full-fledged academic discipline, meeting the requirements of secular and spiritual institutions of the modern era. Addressing key issues related to the Greek language (how to teach what, to whom, at what stage of education, why) was combined with broader discussions, religious, ideological and cultural pursuits of the era. The Kyiv-Mohyla Academy and collegiums have formulated their response to these challenges, successfully combining the inertia of traditions with the desire for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]