44 results on '"seismology"'
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2. Normal Faylar İçin Fay Kırığı Deprem Büyüklüğü İlişkileri Üzerine Eleştirel Bir İnceleme.
- Author
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Nur Abdullah, Muhammed and Aksoy, M. Ersen
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKE magnitude ,SEISMOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. Arkeosismoloji Tarihi ve Anadolu Arkeosismoloji Kataloğu (ANARKA).
- Author
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Sümer, Ökmen and Karabacak, Volkan
- Subjects
SEISMOLOGY ,EARTHQUAKES - Abstract
Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
4. Doğal gürültü tomografisinden İzmir İç körfezi'nin 3-B üst kabuk hız yapısı.
- Author
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Mulumulu, Emre, Özer, Çaðlar, Gök, Elçin, Chavez-Garcia, Francisco J., and Polat, Orhan
- Subjects
- *
HIGH resolution imaging , *FRICTION velocity , *ALLUVIUM , *GROUP velocity , *SEISMOLOGY , *SEISMIC anisotropy , *RAYLEIGH waves , *MICROSEISMS , *SURFACE waves (Seismic waves) - Abstract
This study aims to reveal upper-crustal velocity structure of Inner part of Izmir Gulf by using ambient noise tomography. One-year noise data have been used from 17 stations belong to IzmirNET. Rayleigh wave group velocities which present good signal/noise ratio have been obtained from dispersion curves by using multiple filter technique. Results have been mapped for 2, 4 and 6 s period intervals. Then, shear wave velocities have been obtained from the inversion of group velocity by using local dispersion curves belongs to same periods. Low velocity areas representing alluvial deposits beneath Inner part of Izmir Gulf, have been precisely observed down to 3 km on group and shear wave maps. Added to this, it is also detected not only the existence of low velocities but also high values in the depth slices of inner part of the Gulf. This method may provide precise and high resolution images of crustal structure and upper mantle by using ambient noise tomography without seismic events. It can be applied in the future to the Aegean Region, Turkey or neighbouring countries by using broad-band data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. BİR KAMU İDARİ HİZMET BİNASININ MÜHENDİSLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ.
- Author
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EKİNCİ, Cevdet Emin, BAYKUŞ, Nurdan, AY, Sevil, AKGÜL, Melek, and ELYİĞİT, Belkıs
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL services ,SEISMOLOGY ,CONFORMITY ,LIGHTING - Abstract
Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Dümbelek Mağarası'nın (Yazıbaşı, Torbalı-İzmir) Speleosismolojisi: Ön Bulgular.
- Author
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Yerli, Büşra, Bulgurcu, Açelya, Büyüktopçu, M. Fatih, Sözbilir, Hasan, Utku, Mehmet, Softa, Mustafa, and Tatar, Okan
- Subjects
GEOLOGICAL research ,EARTHQUAKES ,SEISMOLOGY ,SEDIMENTARY rocks ,SEDIMENTATION & deposition - Abstract
Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
7. Tetiklenmiş Depremler: Obruk (Bor-Niğde) and Örenşehir (Kayseri) Depremleri.
- Author
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Koçyiğit, Ali, Kalafat, Doğan, Gürboğa, Şule, and Doğan, Uğur
- Subjects
EARTH sciences ,GEOLOGY ,EARTHQUAKES ,SEISMOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
8. DIŞ MERKEZ ÇAPRAZLI BİR ÇELİK PERDENİN DEPREM PERFORMANSININ DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN DİNAMİK HESAP YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ.
- Author
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DURGUN, Yavuz, VATANSEVER, Cüneyt, GİRGİN, Konuralp, and ORAKDÖĞEN, Engin
- Subjects
- *
NONLINEAR dynamical systems , *SEISMOLOGY , *STEEL framing , *DUCTILITY , *BENDING moment , *ECCENTRIC loads - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to investigate the non-linear response and to assess the seismic performance of a six story eccentrically braced steel frame (EBF). For this, split-K-braced EBF with high ductility level designed according to the Turkish Earthquake Code-2007 (TEC-07) is analyzed under seven selected earthquake records. The performance of the EBF is assessed considering drift, story and base shear demands, brace and column axial forces and bending moment demands, link beam shear force and rotation demands. Mean values of the demands are used in the performance assessment. The provisions based on capacity design approach specified in TEC-07 for EBFs with high ductility level are discussed by employing the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. SİMAV VE VAN DEPREMLERİ (2011) YAPI HASAR NEDENLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ.
- Author
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İNEL, Mehmet, ÖZMEN, Hayri Baytan, and ÇAYCI, Bayram Tanık
- Subjects
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VAN Earthquake, Turkey, 2011 , *SEISMOLOGY , *INFORMATION theory , *AXIAL loads , *REINFORCED concrete , *IMPACT (Mechanics) - Abstract
Turkey is located on a region with high seismicity. The intense seismic activity in 2011, especially Simav and Van earthquakes, once again reminded of this fact. The aim of this study is to give information on the causes of the heavy damage and loss of lives after these earthquakes which are not incompliance with engineering principles. Based on the investigations, the damaged buildings are found to have similar deficiencies as inadequate detailing, material properties, faults in application and design. The most important reasons of the collapses are insufficient strength of joint regions and lap splice lengths. The following flaws are: inadequacies in amount or/and detailing of the lateral reinforcements, short column, overhang and soft story effects, deficient isolation applications and gable wall construction, low concrete strength, pounding and collision between buildings and faulty load bearing system designs. The other remarkable observations after the earthquakes are: the dependency of the seismic damages to some other parameters beside distance to the epicenter, adequate performances of the retrofitted buildings, total collapse of even shear-wall buildings with heavy flaws, buildings with high concrete strength may be heavily damaged, buildings with flexible load carrying system may take significant architectural damage without structural, for moderate and heavy damages 4-5 story buildings are the most damaged ones, even the multi story adobe buildings that are built in accordance with technical provisions may survive the earthquake without damage, therefore the main reason for the devastation is the violation of the engineering principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. New Investigations on 'The Square-Plan Building' at Dascyleum
- Author
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Çiçek Karaöz, Özgün Kasar, Kaan Iren, Şebnem Sedef Çokay Kepçe, and MÜ
- Subjects
Tarih ,Economics and Econometrics ,Daskyleion,Kare Planlı Yapı,Glacis,Podyumlu Mezar ,Arkeoloji ,Dil ve Dil Bilim ,Forestry ,Excavation ,Archaeology ,Architectural element ,Materials Chemistry ,Media Technology ,Square (unit) ,Tower ,Square Planned Building,Dascyleum,Glacis,Podium Tomb ,Geology ,Seismology - Abstract
Günümüzde Balıkesir İli, Bandırma İlçesi, Ergili Mahallesi’nde yer alan ve Hisartepe olarak adlandırılan alanın doğusundaki yamaçta, 2011 yılında kule olarak nitelendirilen bir yapı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu alanda yürütülen kazı çalışmalarıyla, kare plana sahip bu yapının doğu yönünde açığa çıkarılan duvarların toplam dört evreyi kapsadığı anlaşılmıştır. İlk yapı evresi kare planlı yapının kuzeydoğu köşesinde açılan sondajın en dibinde ortaya çıkan ve destek duvarının dış yüzünü oluşturan duvarın aksından daha farklı bir aksa sahip bir duvar ile doğuya doğru, ona dik açı yaparak organik olarak birleşen bir duvardan oluşan evredir. Bu yapı evresinin üzerine ikinci yapı evresi olarak eğimli/basamaklı yapıya sahip destek duvarı (glacis), ilk yapı evresindeki duvarların üzerine oturacak şekilde ama farklı bir aksta inşa edilmiştir. Üçüncü yapı evresinde destek duvarının önünde/doğusundaki alan toprakla doldurulmuş ve üzerine kare planlı yapı inşa edilmiştir. Dördüncü bir yapı evresindeyse kare planlı yapının doğusunda, yapının doğu duvarına paralel bir şekilde uzanan, dış yüzü aşağı yukarı benzer büyüklük ve şekillerde taşların dizilmesiyle oluşturmuş ve iki duvar arasındaki boşluğa doldurulmuş dolgu taşlarını sınırlayan, kaldırım benzeri bir mimari unsur inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu alanda açığa çıkarılan yapı kalıntılarının, kazıda ele geçen buluntulara ve Gordion, Antandros gibi yerleşmelerindeki benzerlerine dayanılarak tarihlendirilmesini içermektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmada kare planlı yapının işlevi ile ilgili ilk tespitlerimiz yer almaktadır., During excavations in Dascyleum in 2011, a structure was discovered and was identified as a tower located on the slope east of an area called Hisartepe in Ergili, located in the Bandırma District of Balıkesir Province. The excavations revealed that this square-plan structure was constructed over four building phases. During the first phase, a wall at the bottom northeastern corner of the structure was constructed. The second phase added a support wall (glacis) with a stepped structure that is built on the first building phase, but on a different axis to fit on top of the walls built during the first phase. In the third phase, the area in the eastern part of the glacis was filled with soil and a square structure was built on top of it. In the fourth phase, a pavement-like architectural element was constructed to the east of the building, parallel to the eastern wall of the building. The present study includes the dating of the buildings’ remains and presents the initial conclusions as to the function of the square-plan structure.
- Published
- 2019
11. Taban Yalιtιm Tekniğinin Betonarme Binalarιn Deprem Performansιna Etkisinin Araştιrιlmasι.
- Author
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MİRKELAM, Zeynel Abidin and DERDİMAN, Mehmet K.
- Subjects
- *
EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis , *EARTHQUAKE engineering , *DUCTILITY , *SEISMOLOGY , *IZMIT Earthquake, Turkey, 1999 , *REINFORCED concrete buildings - Abstract
It is known that seismic hazard of a structure may be mitigated by increasing the ductility of the structure. However, for a fixed based traditional building, a high ductility level is achieved through yielding of its structural members during a strong ground motion. Following the yielding, severe damages occur at structure itself and its contents. in recent years, base isolation techniques have been developed and widely used as an effective way of protecting a building and its contents against seismic hazard of strong earthquakes. in base isolation technique, some mechanisms are interposed between the base of the structure and the foundation, which are stiff enough under vertical loads, yet very flexible under lateral forces. While vertical loads of the building are safely transmitted to foundation, harmful lateral components of seismic forces are significantly reduced and transmitted to superstructure, then seismic hazard of structural and non-structural members is mitigated. in this study, reinforced concrete building models which are regular in plan, and have various isolation parameters have been prepared. The seismic response of the building models subjected to 1999 Marmara Earthquake (Yarımca-Petkim) input have been evaluated. The response values of base isolated models have been compared with that of the fixed based one. The results have proved that base isolation substantially improves seismic performance of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
12. İstanbul (ISK) geniş-bant istasyonu altında üst-manto anizotropisinin incelenmesi.
- Author
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ᗪpaş, Aslıhan and Güney, Aysun Boztepe
- Subjects
- *
EARTHQUAKE magnitude , *SHEAR waves , *ANISOTROPY , *POLARIZATION (Social sciences) , *SEISMOLOGY , *CRUST of the earth - Abstract
The seismic anisotropy contains information regarding the fabrics and deformation of deeper parts of the earth (Babuska etal., 1998). In an anisotropic medium, one component of a shear wave travels faster than the orthogonal component. The difference in speed causes the waves to separate; this phenomenon is called shear wave splitting (Savage, 1999).SKS splitting analysis is one of the most widely used methods to determine anisotropy (Silver and Chan, 1991). SKS splitting parameters; fast polarization direction (φ) and delay time (δt), provide information about the dominant flow direction and thicknessof the anisotropic layer. The study of anisotropy can shed light to the complex tectonic structure (or strain pattern) of the area when evaluated together with whole tectonic and GPS data. In the areas of recent convergence the fast direction of anisotropy generally aligns in the direction of the plate boundary (Vinnik etal., 1992). This correlation suggests that the shortening is the same in the crust and the upper-mantle. In the regions of rifting, direction of mantle flow generally aligns parallel to the extension in the crust. In the stable regions it is likely that combined effect of frozen anisotropy in the lithosphere and recent anisotropy in the asthenosphereare observed.The tectonic regime of Turkey is dominated by different plate motions. The collision of Eurasia and Arabia in the Zagros region is the driving force of west-ward tectonic escape towards the Aegean between a rigid boundary on the north, oceanic crust in the Black Sea and a weak boundary on the south, Aegean subduction zone (Şengör etal., 1985). The escape is mainly along the North and East Anatolian strike-slip faults. The fast shear wave polarization direction obtained from SKS splitting studies can be correlated with the absolute motion of the plates and the study of anisotropy can light up the complex tectonicstructure (or strain pattern) of the area. In this study, seismic anisotropic structure of the upper-mantle beneath İstanbul (ISK) broad-band station (KRDAE-NEMC), Marmara Region, is investigated by using SKS splitting analysis. Fifteen earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5.0 occurred at epicentral distances between the range of 85° and 120° are selected based on the criteria of existing of clear SKS phases on the records. Splitting correction method of Silver and Chan (1991) can be used for obtaining SKS splitting parameters (φ, δt). In this method, analysis window is chosen manually. But calculated parameters are sensitive to the manually selected shear-wave analysis window. Therefore, we used an automated shear wave analysis code (Teanby etal., 2004) to analyse the data. In this code, the analyse window is selected automatically by performing a grid search over different windows to find stable splitting measurements with small error. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
13. Tarihsel sismogramların yeniden değerlendirilmesi: 1912 depremleri örneği.
- Author
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Aksoy, Murat Ersen, Çakir, Ziyadin, Valée, Martin, and Meghraouı, Mustapha
- Subjects
- *
SEISMOGRAMS , *SEISMOMETRY , *EARTHQUAKES , *EARTHQUAKES & society , *PALEOSEISMOLOGY , *GEOLOGIC faults , *SEISMOLOGY measurements ,NORTH Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) - Abstract
Large earthquakes (M>7) occur with intervals more than hundreds of years. Quantitative data of large earthquakes are available through recordings of modern (digital) seismographs since the last 40 years. However historical (analog) seismograMs encompass nearly 100 years of seismicity and document significant large earthquakes of the world. Contemporary analyses of old seismograMs predate fundamental developments in quantitative seismology, while present techniques and methods in modern seismology allow comprehensive analysis of the earthquake phenomena (Kanamori and Brodsky, 2004). A reanalysis of old seismograMs, integrated with modern methods will expand considerably the instrumental period of earthquake seismology and may provide key information for regional tectonics, kinematics of faults, earthquake parameters, recurrence intervals and seismic hazard (Batllo et al., 2008).In this work, it is here provided a short guideline how to collect and process historical seismograMs by presenting a case study of the 1912 earthquake sequence along the North Anatolian Fault. The 9 August 1912 Mürefte earthquake (Ms=7.4) occurred at an early stage of seismological research. At that time, at least one primitive seismograph was active at 143 stations. 73 seismic records have been collected for the 9 August, 10 August and 13 September 1912 shocks, which occurred along the Ganos Fault. The majority of the records are from European stations located northwest and west of the epicentre. However, other recordings from Japan, Australia and Russia were also obtained. The SISMOS online database was the major source of the collected seismograMs.The TESEO software has been used to vectorize and correct the waveforMs and to convert them to SAC files. Signals were processed using the Empirical Green Function approach proposed by Vallee (2004), which avoids complexities due to unknown instrument parameters. The method uses the signal of a smaller event to model the Green function of the main earthquake. Comparable signal pairs 9 August and 13 September shocks from the Bergen, Ebro, and Taranto stations were digitized and corrected. 15 digital seismic signals have been modelled with the related method. Due to limitations by the applied method and majorly because of inadequate signal corrections our modelling revealed reliable results only for the Taranto station. The modelling of the 9 August and 13 September shocks provide a relative source time function and indicate that the moment ratio between the two shocks is about 30 which corresponds to 1 degree difference in magnitude and infer 40 second source duration for the 9 August. In addition to the modelling, we use the P-wave polarities at 5 stations to construct a focal mechanism. The vertical component seismograMs from Göttingen, Toledo, Ebro, Pulkovo and Hongo and field based N68°E fault strike allow us to construct the focal mechanism solution for the 9 August 1912. The pure strike slip solution we obtained is in agreement with the known fault kinematics and slip measurements. The 40 second source duration implies ∼ 120 km coseismic rupture length if a unilateral rupture propagation at 3 km/sec is attributed to the 9 August earthquake. On the other hand, the size of the 9 August shock corresponds to 1.5 x 1027 dyn*cm seismic moment which also suggests a 120 ± 20 km rupture length, assuming an average slip of 2.5 m and a fault width of 15 km. The size of the 13 September shock (Ms=6.9) implies 30 ± 10 km of surface rupture with similar fault parameters. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
14. FARKLI KAYAÇLAR ÜZERİNDE OLUŞTURULAN YAPAY TİTREŞİM DALGA HAREKETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ.
- Author
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Kekeç, Bilgehan and Gokay, Mehmet Kemal
- Subjects
ROCK mechanics ,VIBRATION (Mechanics) ,THEORY of wave motion ,BLASTING ,SEISMOLOGY ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Science & Technology of Dumlupinar University / Dumlupinar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Dumlupinar University, Institute of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
15. A New Method for Liquefaction Analysis From Shear Wave Velocity and Predominant Resonance Period.
- Author
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UYANIK, Osman and TAKTAK, Ata Güngör
- Subjects
- *
SOIL liquefaction , *SHEAR waves , *SEISMIC wave velocity , *SOIL mechanics , *EARTHQUAKES , *RESONANCE , *EARTH movements , *SOIL testing , *SEISMOLOGY - Abstract
In this study, a new liquefaction analysis method based on shear wave velocity and predominant periods of earthquake waves for evaluating the liquefaction analysis of soils is presented. This method follows the general format of the simplified procedure developed by Seed and Idriss. The proposed procedure was confirmed by case history data by various researchers from 22 earthquakes and measurement sites in soils ranging from clean fine sand to sandy gravel to profiles including silty clay layers. This method correctly predicts liquefaction potential of the liquefaction case histories. To extension the practice of the proposed procedure, additional case histories are required with all soil types that have and have not liquefied, especially deeper deposits (zad>10m.) and from denser soils (VS>250) shaken by stronger earthquakes (amax>0.48 g). This procedure, while providing practice in potential liquefaction evaluation of soils, can be used as a resource document for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
16. TOPLUMSAL AÇIDAN MARMARA'DA DEPREM RİSKİ.
- Author
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Atıker, Erhan
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,EARTH movements ,NATURAL disasters ,GEOLOGY ,SEISMOLOGY ,RISK management in business ,EMERGENCY management - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Sociology / Sosyoloji Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
17. Earthquake-induced clastic dikes detected by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.
- Author
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Levi, Tsafrir, Weinberger, Ram, Aïfa, Tahar, Eyal, Yehuda, and Marco, Shmuel
- Subjects
- *
CLASTIC dikes , *SEDIMENTARY structures , *MAGNETIC susceptibility , *DIKES (Geology) , *ANISOTROPY , *FLUID dynamics , *SEISMITES , *SEISMOLOGY , *EARTH movements - Abstract
Clastic dikes form either by passive deposition of clastic material into preexisting fissures or by fracturing and injection of clastic material during seismic shaking or passive overpressure. Because of their similar final geometry, the origin of clastic dikes is commonly ambiguous. We studied the mechanisms of clastic dike formation within the seismically active Dead Sea basin, where hundreds of clastic dikes crosscut soft rock of the late Pleistocene lacustrine Lisan Formation. We analyzed the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of clastic dikes of known origin and defined characteristic AMS signatures of depositional or injection filling. We discovered that passively filled dikes, which contain brownish silt resembling local surface sediments, are characterized by an oblate AMS ellipsoid and vertical minimum susceptibility axis V3. Dikes that contain green clayey sediment connected to a mineralogically identical detrital layer of the Lisan Formation are characterized by a triaxial AMS ellipsoid, well grouped subhorizontal and parallel to the dike walls' maximum susceptibility axis V1, and subvertical intermediate susceptibility axis V2. Field evidence and AMS analysis indicate that most of these dikes were emplaced by injection inferred to be due to seismically triggered fluidization. This novel application of the AMS provides a petrofabric tool for distinguishing passively filled dikes from injection dikes and, where appropriate, for identifying the latter as seismites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Formation of forearc basins and their influence on subduction zone earthquakes.
- Author
-
Fuller, Christopher W., Willett, Sean D., and Brandon, Mark T.
- Subjects
- *
GEOLOGICAL basins , *EARTHQUAKES , *STRUCTURAL geology , *NATURAL disasters , *EARTH movements , *PLATE tectonics , *SUBDUCTION zones , *SEISMOLOGY , *SEDIMENTARY basins - Abstract
Recent observations of an association between forearc basins and slip during subduction thrust earthquakes suggest a link between processes controlling upper plate structure and seismic coupling on the subduction-zone thrust fault. We present a mechanism for the formation of these basins where sedimentation occurs on landward-dipping segments of the subduction wedge, which itself is actively growing through the accretion of material from the subducting plate. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that sedimentation stabilizes the underlying wedge, preventing internal deformation beneath the basin. Maximum slip during great-thrust earthquakes tends to occur where sedimentary basins stabilize the overlaying wedge. The lack of deformation in these stable regions increases the likelihood of thermal pressurization of the subduction thrust, allows the fault to load faster, and allows greater healing of the fault between rupture events. These effects link deformation of the subduction wedge to the seismic coupling of the subduction thrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. ÜÇ EKSENLİ DOĞRUSAL HAREKET MEKANİZMASI TASARIMI VE İMALATI.
- Author
-
Göloğlu, Cevdet and Bunarbaşi, İrfan
- Subjects
COMPUTER networks ,SEISMOLOGY ,ACCELERATION (Mechanics) ,EARTHQUAKES ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,FRICTION - Abstract
Copyright of Teknoloji is the property of Engineering Science & Technology, an International Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
20. FARKLI DEPREM İVMELERİNİN BİNA YATAY YÜKLERİNE ETKİSİ.
- Author
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Özkan, Ömer and Muratoğlu, Özgür
- Subjects
SEISMOLOGY ,ACCELERATION (Mechanics) ,EARTHQUAKES ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,FRICTION - Abstract
Copyright of Teknoloji is the property of Engineering Science & Technology, an International Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
21. Monitoring Of Crust Movements Along The North Anatolian Fault BoluÇorum Segment By GNSS Method
- Author
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Hakan Yavasoglu, İbrahim Murat Ozulu, Reha Metin Alkan, Zafer Köse, Fazlı Engin Tombuş, Mehmet Alkan, Kayhan Aladogan, Murat Şahin, İbrahim Tiryakioğlu, Veli Ilçi, and Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Deprem ,Deformasyon ,Hız Alanı ,GNSS ,GNSS applications ,North Anatolian Fault ,Crust ,General Medicine ,Geology ,Seismology ,Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu - Abstract
Dünyada deprem oluşturan pek çok aktif fay bulunmaktadır. Bu faylardan birisi olan Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ) son yüzyılda yıkıcı depremler oluşturmuş, meydana gelen bu depremler ise büyük can ve mal kayıplarına neden olmuştur. Gerçekleşen bu depremler ile kırılmayan fayın oluşturabileceği depremin konumunu, büyüklüğünü ve zamanını tespit edebilmek için farklı yöntemler kullanılarak çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de GNSS gözlemleri sonucu hız alanı oluşturmaktır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda Avrasya Plakası sabit alınması ile Anadolu Levhasının KAFZ boyunca, saatin dönme hareketinin tersine olan hızı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen GNSS sonuçları ile KAFZ’ın orta kısmının sıkışmalı bir yapıya sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Faya paralel hareketin miktarı bölgede küçük bir jeodezik ağa ait noktalardan tespit edilirken, faya dik yönde sıkışma bileşeninin miktarı hakkında detaylı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada KAFZ üzerinde Bolu-Çorum segmentinde, toplam 22 nokta üzerinde 5 profil oluşturacak şekilde geniş bir GNSS ağı kurularak kayma oranının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Jeodezik ağ üzerinde 2014, 2015 ve 2016 yılları 3 kampanya GNSS ölçüsü yapılmış ve güncel hız alanı hesaplanmıştır. There are many active faults in the world that causes earthquakes. One of these faults, North Anatolian Fault(NAF), has produced many destructive earthquakes in the last century which costs a lot of human life and property. These earthquakes are examined with different methods to determine the location, magnitude and time of the future earthquake of the unbroken faults. One these methods is to create the velocity field by using GNSS observations. As a result of these studies, Anatolian Plate's anticlockwise movement through the NAF is determined with respect to Eurasian plate. The middle portion of the NAF has a compressive structure according to the GNSS results. A micro-geodetic network in the region is used to determine the fault parallel movement while the perpendicular component of the compression has not fully observed. In this study, a GNSS network with a total of 22 points which creates 5 profiles is used to determine the slip rates of the Bolu-Corum segment of the NAF. 3 epochs of GNSS observations on this network through 2014-2016 was established to calculate the current velocity field.
- Published
- 2017
22. KB Türkiye'de Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu'nun alternatif Güney Kol'u için bir hipotez
- Author
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Gürol Seyitoğlu, Alper Gürbüz, Bahadır Aktuğ, Esra Gürbüz, Korhan Esat, Bülent Kaypak, Mühendislik Fakültesi, [Seyitoglu, Gurol -- Esat, Korhan] Ankara Univ, Jeol Muh Bl, Tekton Arastirma Grubu, Ankara, Turkey -- [Kaypak, Bulent -- Aktug, Bahadir] Ankara Univ, Jeofiz Muh Bl, Ankara, Turkey -- [Gurbuz, Esra] Aksaray Univ, Jeol Muh Bl, Aksaray, Turkey -- [Gurbuz, Alper] Nigde Univ, Jeol Muh Bl, Nigde, Turkey, and 0-Belirlenecek
- Subjects
Neotectonics ,Earthquake ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Turkey ,GPS ,North Anatolian Fault ,Structural basin ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,North Anatolian Fault Zone ,Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu ,Main branch ,Deprem ,Türkiye ,Magnetotellurics ,Gps data ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Neotektonik - Abstract
Gürbüz, Esra (Aksaray, Yazar), Bu makale morfotektonik özellikleri, sismoloji, GPS ve MT verilerini kullanarak Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu'nun (KAFZ) güney kol'u için alternatif bir güzergah önermektedir. Bu yeni güzergahta güney kol, KAFZ’nun ana koluna Gölpazarı çek-ayır havzası ve Mudurnu üzerinden geçerek Bolu’da bağlanmaktadır. GPS verilerinden hesaplanan KAFZ’nundaki kayma dağılımı, yeni önerilen güzergahın KAFZ'nun Marmara'daki ikinci önemli kolu olduğunu göstermektedir., This paper proposes an alternative route for the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) using evidence from morphotectonic features, seismology, GPS and recently published Magnetotelluric and Transient Electromagnetic (MT) data. In this new route, the southern branch connects with the main branch of the NAFZ in Bolu via the Gölpazarı pull-apart basin and Mudurnu. The slip distribution of the NAFZ as taken from GPS data indicates that the newly hypothesized route is the second most important branch of the NAFZ.
- Published
- 2016
23. Assessment of seismic hazard in the Erzincan (Turkey) region: construction of local velocity models and evaluation of potential ground motions
- Author
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Shaghayegh Karimzadeh, Cenk Erkmen, Michael Asten, Aysegul Askan, Nazan Kilic, and Fatma Nurten Sisman
- Subjects
Hazard (logic) ,Return period ,geography ,Peak ground acceleration ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Probabilistic logic ,North Anatolian Fault ,Erzincan,microtremor array analysis,velocity model,stochastic finite fault method,deterministic seismic hazard analysis,probabilistic seismic hazard analysis ,Fault (geology) ,Incremental Dynamic Analysis ,Seismic hazard ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Seismology ,Geology - Abstract
The fundamental step in estimation of seismic damage and losses in urban areas is identification of regional potential seismic hazard. The accuracy of seismic analyses depends on the reliability of the local input parameters used in the corresponding hazard and loss models. This paper presents detailed seismic hazard analyses for an earthquake-prone region using locally derived source and site parameters. Main components of this study are construction of local seismic velocity models, probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard analyses, and estimation of corresponding potential ground motions. The study area is Erzincan, which is a city on the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Located at a triple junction of major fault systems within a basin structure, Erzincan experienced major events (Ms ~8.0) in 1939 and (Mw = 6.6) in 1992. This study presents the first discussion in the literature on site-specific probabilistic and deterministic hazard analyses for Erzincan. Using locally derived input parameters in site response modeling and hazard analyses, the earthquake potential of Erzincan is investigated in detail. Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses with a hybrid source model composed mainly of line sources show that for a return period of 475 years, the maximum peak ground acceleration value in the Erzincan city center is computed to be almost 1 g. On the other hand, probabilistic hazard analyses with only area sources yield ground motion amplitudes that are almost half of those obtained by the hybrid model. The deterministic hazard analyses also show that peak ground acceleration in the city center for a scenario event of Mw = 7.0 reaches 1.25 g at a soft soil site located at 2 km in distance from the fault plane. In summary, numerical results obtained with locally derived input parameters indicate that Erzincan has significant potential for hazard in terms of both local earthquake occurrence and site amplifications.
- Published
- 2015
24. Structural analyses of Şaphane relay ramps and fault linkage evolution in active extensional regime, western Turkey
- Author
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Şule Gürboğa
- Subjects
Deformation (mechanics) ,Field data ,Fault linkage ,Extensional definition ,Displacement (vector) ,law.invention ,Graben ,Tectonics ,Relay ,law ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Relay ramp,normal faulting,Erdoğmuş-Yenigediz graben,western Turkey ,Geology ,Seismology - Abstract
The Saphane relay ramps (SAR-I and SAR-II) are well-developed structures formed by extensional tectonic settings in western Turkey. Their formation is controlled by the configuration of 2 different breaching faults located in between and the overlapping area of 3 normal faults, which are the Saphane, Gurlek, and Yumrutas faults. The relay ramps form within a ~3 km-wide and ~12 km-long interaction zone between 045° and 060° trending faults on the northern boundary of the Erdogmus-Yenigediz graben. Some variations in structural styles and its products (for example, overlapping slip-lines (slickenlines), fractures, and antithetic-synthetic faults) are observed along the breaching faults in the relay ramps that were probably created during the formation of the relay structures. In this research, field data from these segmented normal faults having displacement and an interaction area are presented. This normal faulting that resulted from the recent extensional tectonic regime is related to the whole crustal deformation in western Turkey, and the progressive stages have created such a characteristic structure, the relay ramp.
- Published
- 2015
25. Influence of trace elements and their correlation with semen quality in fertile and infertile subjects
- Author
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Vickram SUNDARAM, Muthugadhalli SRINIVAS, Jayaraman GURUNATHAN, Kamini RAO, Ramesh Pathy MANIYAN, and Sridharan BALASUNDARAM
- Subjects
geography ,endocrine system ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,urogenital system ,North Anatolian Fault ,General Medicine ,Slip (materials science) ,Fault (geology) ,Structural basin ,Fault scarp ,Strike-slip tectonics ,Tectonics ,Sinistral and dextral ,Geology ,Seismology ,Key words: Zinc,seminal plasma,correlation,atomic absorption spectroscopy,trace elements,fertility - Abstract
The Ezinepazar-Sungurlu Fault (EzSF) is a major offshoot of the dextral North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone, which bifurcates from the main fault strand around the Niksar pull-apart basin (37°E) and strikes through the Central Anatolian Block for 200 km to the west (34°E). The easternmost segment of the EzSF, the Ezinepazar Fault (EzF), which ruptured during the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (Mw= 7.8), has a very remarkable expression as a single-strand fault. Micromammal dating of young sediments along this segment indicate that the EzF was initiated during the Middle Pleistocene (0.7-1 Ma) and propagated westward accumulating 6.5±0.5 km maximum morphological offset. The central segment of the EzSF, the Delicay Fault (DF), is expressed as an en-echelon pattern and controlled the formation of a narrow fault-wedge basin (Aydinca Plain). The stepover between the DF and its western continuation, the Geldingen Fault (GF), forms a young pull-apart basin (Geldingen Basin) where the maximum morphological offset is measured at 3.5±1 km. In the westernmost part of the fault zone, the deformation zone widens and the EzSF bifurcates into the Mecitozu (MF) and the Sungurlu faults (SF). The MF controlled the deposition of continental clastics, dated as Late Miocene-Early Pliocene by using mammal chronology (MN13-14). The Neogene-Quaternary stratigraphy of the basins along the EzSF indicates two phases of faulting-related basin formation. The first period took part during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene; the second phase started with the initiation of the EzF in the east during the Middle Pleistocene. The western propagation of the fault caused the reactivation of older tectonic lines as an element of the NAF system. The offset distribution measured along the EzSF shows that accumulated long-term slip is not uniform along the fault, as it decreases gradually where the fault becomes distant from the NAF main strand. This projection is applicable to present day slip rate distribution along the EzSF, which is shown also by GPS measurements and is therefore important for earthquake hazard estimates for the region.
- Published
- 2014
26. Serum lipoprotein(a) and high sensitivity C reactive protein levels in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relationship with glycemic control
- Author
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Nafiz Maden
- Subjects
Accretionary wedge ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,Tethys Ocean ,Curie depth ,Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus,glycemic control,high sensitivity C reactive protein,lipoprotein(a) ,Temperature gradient ,Paleontology ,Tectonics ,Thermal ,Island arc ,Spectral analysis ,Seismology ,Geology - Abstract
To study serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and their relationship with glycemic control. Materials and methods: A total of 201 subjects were selected for the study. The final selection included 103 patients with type 2 DM (64 males and 39 females) and 98 healthy control subjects (58 males and 40 females). Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, Lp(a), and hsCRP levels. Results: Subjects with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose levels (10.29 ± 3.56 vs. 7.05 ± 1.64, P = 0.0001) and HbA1c (9.72 ± 2.54 vs. 6.56 ± 0.51, P = 0.0001). Moreover, subjects with poor glycemic control were more obese than those with good glycemic control (BMI 30.63 ± 5.32 vs. 28.52 ± 4.93 P = 0.04010). It was observed that the diabetics with poor glycemic control had significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides (2.32 ± 1.26 vs. 1.67 ± 1.37, P = 0.0426), and hsCRP (5.16 ± 3.29 vs. 3.97 ± 2.5, P = 0.0423) compared with the good glycemic control group. While the difference for TC, LDL, HDL, and Lp(a) was nonsignificant, significant positive correlations were observed between HbA1c, BMI (r = 0.247, P = 0.038), TG (r = 0.247, P = 0.044), and hsCRP (r = 0.326, P = 0.006). Conclusion: Diabetic patients have higher levels of hsCRP and Lp(a) than healthy individuals. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control have significantly higher hsCRP levels compared to those with good glycemic control. However, there is no effect of glycemic control on Lp(a) levels.
- Published
- 2014
27. Endovenous laser ablation for saphenous vein insufficiency: long-term results
- Author
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Semih Ergintav, Salih Karakisa, Sedat İnan, Adil Tarancioğlu, M. Cengiz Tapırdamaz, Yildiz Iravul, Ruhi Saatçılar, Bekir Tüzel, and Onur Tan
- Subjects
Focal mechanism ,Deformation (mechanics) ,Section (archaeology) ,Key words: Venous insufficiency,laser ablation,saphenous vein ,Capital city ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,General Medicine ,Maximum magnitude ,Block (meteorology) ,Seismology ,Aftershock ,Geology - Abstract
Central Anatolia is quiet in terms of seismic activity, and rarely earthquakes up to magnitude 5.6 occur in the inner part of the Anatolian block or Anatolian platelet. Southeast of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, two earthquake sequences with maximum magnitude of 5.6 occurred in 2005 and 2007. We discuss these shallow crustal deformation in the Anatolian platelet, in the light of seismological data from these earthquakes (ML= 5.6) and their aftershocks. Following the earthquake of December 20, 2007 near Bala town, Ankara, we installed seven temporary stations in the first 24 hours to observe the aftershock activity and these operated for more than 2 months. Approximately 920 aftershocks with magnitudes 5.5>ML>0.8 were located precisely. This is the first well-observed earthquake activity in the Central Anatolian section of the Anatolian platelet. We also re-analyzed the 2005 Bala earthquake sequence. The distribution of the well-located aftershocks and the focal mechanism solutions of the December 20, 2007 event define NW-SE-oriented right-lateral strike-slip faulting on a possible weak zone, namely the Afsar fault zone, as a result of the internal deformation in the Anatolian platelet. Our analyses seem to indicate that the Bala earthquake sequences are probably related to increasing seismic activity, following devastating 1999 earthquakes in the Marmara region, to the west.
- Published
- 2014
28. Immunohistochemical distribution and gene expression of transforming growth factor alpha in ovarian tissue of rats treated with capsaicin in puberty
- Author
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GÖKHAN NUR, MÜMTAZ NAZLI, and SEVDA ELİŞ YILDIZ
- Subjects
Tectonics ,Peak ground acceleration ,Earthquake engineering ,Seismic hazard ,Attenuation ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,Regression analysis ,General Medicine ,Spectral acceleration ,Key words: Capsaicin,TGF-a,ovary,RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry,rat ,Seismology ,Geology - Abstract
Seismic hazard studies have become progressively more important for earthquake engineering applications in western Anatolia, which contains one of the world's best examples of a rapidly extending intra-continental tectonic regime. A two-stage regression analysis was applied to peak ground acceleration and 5%-damped spectral acceleration values of 168 recordings from 49 earthquakes in order to develop empirical attenuation relationships which can be used to predict ground motion for western Anatolia. Moment magnitudes for earthquakes range between 4.0 and 6.4 while the hypocentral distances range between 15 and 200 km in our dataset. Site classifications, as one of the predictor variables for the regression analysis, were obtained using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio estimates. These estimates, together with empirical attenuation relationship predictions, have shown that soil amplification is significant in western Anatolia. Attenuation relationship models that are obtained explicitly account for nonlinear sediment effects for deep soil sites in the region. Nonlinear effects of deep soil sites at lower periods are significant at the higher levels of shaking and manifest over-prediction for acceleration values, while they manifest lower prediction values at lower levels of shaking. Both results from the horizontal to vertical ratio method and the regression analysis show that the number of strong motion stations located on the rock sites in the region should be increased and the present site classification of strong motion stations in Turkey should be re-evaluated in detail. When obtained attenuation relation models were compared with the attenuation relationships based on data from tectonically similar regions, the attenuation relations modelled for a specific region could not, in general, be used in engineering applications realized for another region. Our results also indicate that the spectral acceleration model defined in the Turkish Building Code cannot adequately explain magnitude and distance dependencies in western Anatolia.
- Published
- 2014
29. Simav (Kütahya) fayının sismisitesi ve sismotektonik özellikleri
- Author
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Demirci, Alper, Özden, Süha, Bekler, Tolga, and Jeoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Kütahya-Simav ,Moment tensor ,Geophysics Engineering ,Stress tensors ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Seismology - Abstract
Bu doktora tezi çalışması kapsamında, dünyada en çok deprem üreten bölgelerden biri olan Batı Anadolu'daki en dikkat çekici yapılardan biri olan Simav Fayı'nın sismotektonik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Özellikle aletsel dönemde Simav Fayı'nın ürettiği en büyük deprem olan 19 Mayıs 2011 Simav Depremi (Mw=5.83) ve bu depremin arkasından gelişen depremler, çalışmanın temel veri kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma sismolojik anlamda Simav Fayı'nı konu alan en kapsamlı çalışma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında bölgeye üç adet deprem istasyonu kurulmuş ve yaklaşık 30 aylık bir süreçte deprem kayıtları elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında kaydedilen ve farklı merkezlerden elde edilen toplam 37 adet deprem verisinin (Mw>3.5) moment tensör ters çözümü ile bu depremlere neden olan faylara ait odak mekanizmaları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca bölgede meydana gelen artçı şoklara (M > 1.9) ait lokasyon dağılımları ikili fark algoritması ile ele alınmış ve bu dağılım, ana şok sonrası meydana gelen Coulomb gerilme değişimi ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, bölgede egemen olan tektonik rejimin türü ve açısal parametreleri gerilme tensörü analizi ile irdelenmiş, Simav Fayı ve bu fayla ilişkili diğer faylanmalara ait bir model önerilmiştir. In the scope of this Ph.D. dissertation, the seismotectonic characteristics of Simav Fault, one of the most important structures in Western Anatolia, were investigated. The 19 May 2011 Simav Earthquake (Mw=5.83), the biggest event produced by Simav Fault in instrumental period, and its aftershocks are the main database of the study. The present study, subjected to Simav fault, is also the most detailed implementation in seismologial manner in the study area. The events occured in the area were recorded during 30 months by three sismic stations deployed on the study area and on its surroundings. The focal mechanisms were revealed by moment tensor inversion method using the dataset of 37 events (Mw > 3.5), which were acquired in present study and obtained from the other sismological networks. The aftershocks (M > 1.9) were relocated using double difference algorithm and the location distribution were disscussed by considering Coulomb stress changes in the area caused by the mainshock. In the light of these findings, the type and angular parameters of dominant tectonic regime in the study area were analysed using stress tensor inversion and then a faulting model was suggested for the area. 122
- Published
- 2013
30. Human activity classification using vibration and PIR sensors
- Author
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Yazar, Ahmet, Çetin, A. Enis, Töreyin, B. U., and Çetin, A. Enis
- Subjects
Signal processing ,Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients ,Personal computers ,Sensors ,Passive infrared ,Fall detection ,Human activities ,Elderly people ,Discrete wavelet transforms ,Region of interest ,Seismic signals ,Seismology ,Fast Fourier transforms - Abstract
Date of Conference: 18-20 April 2012 Conference name: 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2012 Yalnız yaşayan yaşlı ve bakıma muhtaç kişilerin yere düşmelerinin kısa sürede tespit edilmesi önemli bir sorundur. Bu bildiride, sismik ve pasif kızılberisi algılayıcılar kullanarak, belirli bir alanda yere düşme olayının tespit edilebilmesi için bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Sınıflandırma amacıyla, hızlı Fourier dönüşümü, mel-frekansı kepstral katsayıları ve ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü teknikleri kullanılarak farklı öznitelik vektörleri çıkarılmıştır. Sismik işaretler, destek vektör makineleri ile ‘düşme’ ve ‘düşme değil’ olarak iki farklı sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Pasif kızılberisi algılayıcının, belirli bir alanda hareket eden bir kişiyi tespit etmesinden sonra, sismik algılayıcının ve pasif kızılberisi algılayıcının kararları tümleştirilerek kişinin düşüp düşmediği tespit edilmektedir. Önerdiğimiz sistem gerçek zamanlı olarak standart bir bilgisayarda çalışabilmektedir. Fall detection is an important problem for elderly people living independently and people in need of care. In this paper, a fall detection method using seismic and passive infrared (PIR) sensors is proposed. Fast Fourier transform, mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, and discrete wavelet transform based features are extracted for classification. Seismic signals are classified into "fall" and "not a fall" classes using support vector machines. Once a moving person is detected by the PIR sensor within a region of interest, fall is detected by fusing seismic and PIR sensor decisions. The proposed system is implemented on a standard personal computer and works in real-time. © 2012 IEEE.
- Published
- 2012
31. Anadolu plakası altındaki kabuk ve üst manto yapısının alıcı fonksiyon analizi ve yüzey dalgası tomografisi yöntemleri ile belirlenmesi
- Author
-
Tezel, Timur, Kaypak, Bülent, Shıbutanı, Takuo, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Receiver functions ,Anatolia ,Tomography ,Seismology ,Crustal velocity structure - Abstract
Tez çalışmasının amacı Anadolu plakası altındaki Moho topoğrafyasını ortaya çıkarmak ve kabuk-üst Manto içerisindeki S-dalgası hız yapısını belirlemektir. Önceki çalışmalarda belirli sayıda sismik istasyon grupları ya da tek sismik istasyon kullanılarak yer altı yapısı aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) ve Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsünce (KRDAE) işletilmekte olan geniş bant sismik istasyonlardan en iyi veri kalitesinde 120 adet geniş bant sismik istasyonca Ocak 2004-Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasında kaydedilmiş uzak alan ve bölgesel kayıtlar kullanılmıştır. Tez çalışması iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci Bölüm'de alıcı fonksiyon analizi yöntemi sismik istasyonlar altındaki bir-boyutlu (1B) S-dalgası sismik hız yapısını ve hız süreksizliklerini belirlemek üzere kullanılmıştır. İkinci Bölüm'de ise, yüzey dalgası tomografisi kullanılarak, Anadolu plakası altındaki yanal yöndeki farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur. Moho topoğrafyası üç-boyutlu olarak sunulmuş ve kabuk kalınlığının bölgeden bölgeye değişimi gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen Moho derinlikleri 25 ? 50 km arasında değişmektedir. En ince kabuk kalınlığı Batı Anadolu kıyılarında görülürken, en derin Moho sınırı Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde gözlenmiştir. Her iki yöntemin sonuçları birbirini desteklemekte olup, genel tektonik ile uyumlu sonuçlar vermektedir. The aim of this study is to determine the Moho topography and the reveal the S-wave velocity structure beneath the Anatolian plate. Previously, a number of studies carried out by the use of seismic stations in groups or a single seismic station. In this study, teleseismic and regional earthquake data were used that were recorded at 120 high quality broad band seismic stations among the national broad band seismic networks operated by the Prime Ministry of Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) and Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) for the period of January 2004 and October 2010. This thesis mainly consists of two parts. In the first part, the receiver function analysis method was used to determine the 1-D S-wave velocity structure and velocity discontinuities beneath the seismic stations. In the second part, the lateral heterogeneity beneath the Anatolian plate was delineated by using the surface wave tomography. Three-dimensional Moho topography and the crustal thickness variation among regions were presented. The depth of Moho varies in the range of 25 to 50 km. The thinnest crustal thickness is located at Western Anatolian coast, whereas the deepest Moho boundary in the Eastern Anatolian region observed. The results of both methods support each other and consistent with the general tectonic. 349
- Published
- 2012
32. 23 ekim 2011 Van depreminde hasar görmüş betonarme bir binanın analitik incelemesi
- Author
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Özkan, Gaye, Taşkın Akgül, Beyza, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Taşkın, Beyza, Deprem Mühendisliği, and Earthquake Engineering
- Subjects
sismoloji ,Deprem Mühendisliği ,Van depremi ,seismology ,Earthquake Engineering ,Van earthquake - Abstract
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012, Deprem mühendisliği için depremlerde kaydedilen yer hareketlerine ait verilerin işlenmesi önemlidir. Bu nedenle veri işlem teknikleri bilgisayar teknolojisindeki gelişmelere koşut olarak ilerlemekte ve yazılımlar geliştirilmektedir. Kuvvetli yer hareketi kayıtçıları tarafından elde edilen sinyallerdeki (ivme-zaman geçmişlerindeki) gürültülerinin arındırılması aşamasında farklı yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere bir depremde oluşan yer hareketine ait kayıtlarda bulunan gürültü, verinin yorumlanmasında bozucu etki yaratmaktadır. Genellikle veri işleme tekniği olarak Fourier analizi sıkça kullanılmakta iken, yakın tarihlerde yapılan çalışmalarda özellikle durağan olmayan sinyaller dikkate alındığında dalgacık yöntemi (wavelet transformation technique) de önerilen veri işleme teknikleri arasında yer kazanmıştır. Günümüzdeki hesap yöntemlerinin önemli bir kısmı zaman tanım alanında doğrusal ve / veya doğrusal olmayan hesap yöntemleri ile ilgili kısıtları içeren Deprem Bölgelerine Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yapılacak Yönetmelik (DBYBHY), FEMA ve taslak halinde olan İstanbul Yüksek Binalar Deprem Yönetmeliği (İYBDY) bu konu hakkında gerekli standartları düzenlemektedir. 2011 yılında Van’da meydana gelen depremde hasar gören bir kurs binasının analitik incelenmesinin yapılması konu olarak ele alınmıştır. Depremi geçirmiş olan binadaki deformasyonlar doğrusal olmayan analizle tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada yapı sistemlerinin doğrusal olmayan teoriye göre hesabı yapılırken SAP2000 programı kullanılarak üç boyutlu olarak örnek olarak ele alınan bina modellenmiştir. Ek olarak yapıda DBYBHY 2007’ye göre zaman tanım alanında çözümleme yapılarak depremde gördüğü hasarlar çözümle elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapıdaki kolon ve kirişlerde mafsal oluşup oluşmayacağı gözlenmek istenmiştir. 23 Ekim 2011 Van Muradiye kayıtları kullanılarak oluşturulan grafiklerde de görüldüğü gibi, göçme durumuna ulaşan hasar mevcuttur. Analitik olarak tespiti yapılmaya çalışılan bu hasarla beraber, 9 Kasım 2011 Van Merkez kayıtlarının da etkisinin ilave edilmesi sonrasında çok büyük yerdeğiştirmelerin meydana gelmediği görülmüştür. Çalışma esnasında 5 farklı büyütme faktörü kullanılarak deprem verileri binaya SAP2000 programına yük tanımlamaları aracılığıyla etkitilmiş ve hasar olan durumlar tespit edilmiştir. Deprem kuşağında yeralan ülkemizde varolan deprem kayıtları ile bu ve benzeri yapılarda zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan yöntemlerin uygulanması daha gerçekçi yaklaşımlar sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle tasarımlar yapılırken lineer çözümlerin yanısıra lineer olmayan çözümler de yapılmalı ve elemanların kapasiteleri daha gerçekçi bir yaklaşımla belirlenmiş olur., Data processing which is related with earth motion is important for earthquake engineering. So data processing techniques improves parallel with computer technology and new softwares are developed. There are different methods at the noise filtering level from signals (acceleration-time history) which are taken from strong motion recorder. The noise at the earth motion data effects negatively the data interpretation. Generally Fourier analysis often use for data processing technique while wavelet transformation technique has been proposed especially for not-stable signals recently. Nowadays, DBYBHY, FEMA, İYBDY arrange the restraints of the calculation methods which are time history linear analysis or non-linear analysis. Analytical research of course building which suffer damage at the earthquake at Van in 2011 is taken as a topic for thesis. Deformations at the building have been determinated via non-linear analysis. When calculations made by non-linear theory for construction systems, construction has been modeled with SAP2000 as a 3D. In addition, construction has been analysed according to DBYBHY 2007 to get damages which comes from earthquake. Joint formation at colons and beams has been followed. Graphics which includes 23 October 2011 Van Muradiye datas show data there is a damage nearly collapse. Very big displacements have not been detected after addition of 9 November 2011 Van Merkez datas. 5 different enlargement factors have been used at the study. Earthquake datas are defined as load cases at SAP2000 to determine the damage of elements. Application of non-linear method provide us more accurate approximation, especially in our country which is located at seismic belt. For this reason, non-linear soluitons should be done as an addition to linear solutions while construction design and so the capacities of structure elements will be defined. The tectonics of the this region is influenced by the moving to north and subducting the Arabian plate beneath the Anadolu plate. In the South, the Anadolu plate squeezed between the Arabian plate and in the north the Euro-Asian plate. As a consequence of these crustal movements, there are EW trending thrust faults and major fold axis and NW-SE and NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. The Van Lake Basin is located at the northern front of Bitlis Sture Zone (BZF) formed as a result of neotectonic activity. Thats why this ongoing tectonic activity in the region, strong earthquakes shook Van Lake Region. There is heavy damage to buildings and significant casualties in this province. A number of 5-8 stories RC buildings collapsed particularly in Van. The causes of the heavy damage are based on poor quality of construction materials, lack of implementation of design codes, existence of weak-floor to reinforced concrete buildings were basically similar to the observations in previous earthquakes. Site effects must be added to this reasons. There are many damages on this region especially school building. Along the eastern shore of Van Lake and between Van and Erciş, Van-Erciş earthquake caused an extensive liquefaction and associated ground failures particularly on the plains along the eastern shore of Van Lake and between Van and Erciş. The liquefaction and associated ground failures resulted from lateral spreading, particularly, close to river beds and lake shore led to damage to some residential houses, embankments and some bridges. In addition, slope instabilities in different sizes also occurred at some locations. In this chapter, first, local site conditions, which have important effects on liquefaction and associated geotechnical damages, were briefly outlined based on the findings in the previous geotechnical studies performed in Van city. Then observations performed by the authors at different parts of the earthquake-affected region, evaluations on grain size distributions of the samples collected from ejected sands and silty sands and the lateral spreading induced by ground liquefaction, slope instabilities and associated geotechnical damages observed after the earthquake are given and discussed. The Van-Edremit earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 is probably the smallest magnitude earthquake to cause liquefaction in Turkey so far. One more time, this earthquake showed that ground liquefaction can occur in the same location repeatedly. Tabanli-Van Earthquake October 23rd, 2011 ML6.7 caused damage in a widespread area specifically in the settlement regions throughout the Lake Van. A lots of buildings totally collapsed during the shake in Ercis district. After 17 days this destructive event, another earthquake of ML5.6 hit the region again on the 9th of November having the epicentral location at Edremit district. The second earthquake mostly affected the central region of Van province with many collapsed buildings and furthermore it significantly increased the existing structural damages. Strong motion records from both earthquakes and their impacts on structures as well as geotechnical issues are studied in this paper. Soil amplification is evaluated to be one of the main reasons for the heavy damage occurred in Ercis. Extensive liquefaction triggered lateral spread, landslide and slope failure cases were observed mainly at non-residential areas. The observed damages are strongly correlated with insufficient qualities of structural materials, inadequate detailing and poor workmanship are seen at that region., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.
- Published
- 2012
33. Ankara ve dolayının sismik hız yapısı ve tektonik deformasyonunun sismolojik verilerle kestirilmesi
- Author
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Çivgin, Begüm, Kaypak, Bülent, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Deprem Mühendisliği ,Earthquake ,Seismicity ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Earthquake Engineering ,Seismometer ,Ankara-Bala ,Mühendislik Bilimleri ,Geophysics Engineering ,Focal mechanism ,Receiver functions ,Engineering Sciences ,Ankara ,Seismic velocity ,Seismology ,Earthquake parameters - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasının temel amacı Ankara ve civarının güncel depremselliğinin gözlenmesi için kurulmuş olan Ankara Deprem İzleme Ağı (AnkNET) ile kaydedilen veriler ile bölgenin deprem aktivitesini izlemek, deprem parametrelerini belirlemek ve kabuktaki sismik dalga hız yapısını araştırmaktır. Geçmişte bölgede bu tür bir deprem izleme ağı kurulmamıştır. Bu nedenle, verilerin arşivlenmesi ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma başlangıcında, Ankara ve civarı depremselliği, ulusal ve uluslararası kurumlardan alınan deprem verileri kullanılarak istatistik yöntemlerle incelenmiş ve çeşitli büyüklüklerdeki depremlerin yinelenme periyotları ve çeşitli dönemler içerisinde olma olasılıkları hesaplanmıştır. Ankara'da sismik etkinlik yerel fay sistemlerinin etkisi ile son yıllarda artış göstermiştir. Ankara çevresinde kurulumu 2007 yılında tamamlanmış olan 6 adet geniş-bantlı sismograftan oluşan AnkNET deprem izleme ağı ile kaydedilmiş olan yerel deprem verisinin büyük kısmı Bala'daki yerel aktif faylardan kaynaklanmıştır. Bala depremleri tez çalışması kapsamında ayrıca ele alınmıştır. 39°-41° K enlemleri ile 32°-34° D boylamları arasında kalan araştırma bölgesinde oluşan+ depremlerin AnkNET istasyon kayıtları okunmuş, odak parametreleri (enlem, boylam, derinlik ve oluş zamanı) hesaplanmış, seçilen depremlerin odak mekanizmaları çözülmüştür. Bölge için yeni bir 1B P- ve S-sismik dalga hızı modeli belirlenmiş ve bu yeni modelle tüm depremler yeniden konumlandırılmıştır. AnkNET istasyonlarınca kaydedilmiş olan telesismik (uzaklığı 30° - 100° arasında olan) deprem verileri ile alıcı fonksiyon analizi yöntemi uygulanarak istasyonlar altındaki kabuk kalınlıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bölgede kabuk kalınlıklarının 31.5 km ile 38.3 km arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç bölge için daha önce yapılmış olan kabuk çalışmaları ile desteklenmektedir. Belirlenen Moho topografyası daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar sonucunda ortaya konmuş tektonik yapı ile uyumludur. The main purpose of this study is to observe earthquake activity, determine earthquake parameters and investigate seismic wave velocity structure of the crust by using data recorded by the Ankara Earthquake Monitoring Network (AnkNET) established to monitor the current seismicity of Ankara and its surrounding. In the past, an earthquake monitoring network of this type has not been installed in the region, so, archiving the data has great importance for future studies. Seismicity of Ankara and surrounding has been investigated by using statistical methods with earthquake data taken from national and international institutions. Occurrence probabilities and recurrence periods of earthquakes of various magnitudes has been calculated. Seismic activity in Ankara has increased in recent years with the effect of local fault systems. An earthquake monitoring network AnkNET consisting of 6 broad-band seismographs was installed in 2007. Most of local earthquake data recorded by AnkNET is due to the local active faults in Bala. Bala earthquakes are discussed separately in this thesis. Records of AnkNET stations including the earthquakes occurred in the research area between latitudes of 39°-41° N and longitudes of 32°-34° E have been read. Focal parameters (latitude, longitude, depth, time) of earthquakes have been calculated and focal mechanisms of the selected earthquakes have been solved. A new 1D P and S seismic wave velocity model was determined and all earthquakes were relocated with this new velocity model. Thickness of continental crust beneath AnkNET stations has been determined by applying receiver function analysis method using teleseismic (distance of 30° - 100°) earthquakes. It?s concluded that the crustal thickness of the area varies between 31.5 km and 38.3 km. This result is supported by the previous studies. Topography of Moho determined with this study is compatible with the tectonic structure introduced by previous works. 213
- Published
- 2010
34. 17 ağustos 1999 İzmit- Gölcük depreminin (mw=7.4) Yalova'da oluşturduğu ivme değerlerinin tahmin edilmesi
- Author
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Üsküloğlu, Öznur, Yalçınkaya, Eşref, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Geophysics ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Seismology ,Simulation ,Stochastic modelling ,Stochastic - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit-Gölcük depreminde önemli can ve mal kaybının yaşandığı Yalova'da, depremi oluşturan fay modeli kullanılarak, gerçekleşmiş olabilecek kuvvetli yer hareketi kayıtlarının yapay olarak elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Bunun için, 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit-Gölcük depremini kayıt eden 37 kuvvetli yer hareketi istasyonundan faya yakın mesafede ve yüksek ivme değerlerine sahip olan 12 istasyon belirlenmiş ve bazı veri işlem adımlarından sonra yapay kayıtlarla karşılaştırılabilir hale getirilmişlerdir. Daha sonra Motazedian ve Atkinson (2005) tarafından geliştirilen sonlu faylarda stokastik modelleme tekniğini kullanan EXSIM programı ile deprem kayıtları bu istasyonlarda modellenmeye çalışılmıştır.Gözlemsel ve model kayıtlar arasında en iyi uyumu elde etmek için simülasyonda bir çok parametre denenmiştir. En iyi uyumu veren parametreler Yalova'da seçilen 9 noktada yapay deprem kayıtlarını üretmek için kullanılmıştır.Türetmeler sonucunda, Yalova merkezde alüvyon üzerinde ortalama 172.53 cm/sn2 ile 200.72 cm/sn2 arasında ivme değerleri ve sıkı zeminde ortalama 146.47 cm/sn2 ivme değerleri elde edilmiştir. Çiftlikköy ilçesinde alüvyon üzerinde ortalama 253.61 cm/sn2, sıkı zemin üzerinde ortalama 160.03 cm/sn2 ve ana kaya üzerinde ortalama 124.69 cm/sn2 ivme değerleri elde edilmiştir. Çınarcık ilçesinde ise alüvyon üzerinde ortalama 135.07 cm/sn2 ve ana kaya üzerinde ortalama 66.86 cm/sn2 ivme değerleri elde edilmiştir. Yalova civarında en büyük spektral ivme değerleri yaklaşık 0.2 ile 0.4 sn aralığında periyodlarda görülmüştür. Bu değerler yaklaşık 2-4 katlı binaların doğal titreşim periyodlarına karşılık gelmektedir. The aim of this study is to simulate strong ground motion in Yalova which is one of the locations where high damage and losses occurred during the August 17, 1999 earthquake, by using the ruptured fault model of the earthquake.For this, 12 stations which were located that near the fault and had the highiest acceleration values were selected from 37 stations recorded the August 17, 1999 İzmit-Gölcük earthquake. The obseved data have been processed to compare with the simulations. After that, earthquake records at these stations were simulated by using EXSIM code which is a stochastic modelling program for finite faults developed by Motazedian and Atkinson (2005).A number of parameters have been tried in the simulations to obtain the best fit between the observations and simulations. The optimum parameters giving the best fit were used to simulate earthquake records in Yalova at 9 locations.Simulation results show that peak ground acceleration values caused by the August 17, 1999 İzmit-Gölcük eathquake were estimated between average 172.53 cm/sn2 and 200.72 cm/sn2 on soft soil and average 146.47 cm/sn2 on stiff soil in central of Yalova. Peak ground accelerations were estimated as average 253.61 cm/sn2 , 160.03 cm/sn2 and 124.69 cm/sn2 on soft soil, stiff soil and rock, respectively, in Çiftlikköy. In Çınarcık average 135.07 cm/sn2 and average 66.86 cm/sn2 accelerations were estimated on soft soil and rock , respectively. Maximum spectral accelerations were estimated at periods 0.2-0.4 sn on Yalova. These periods match nearly the natural periods of 2 and 4 story buildings. 108
- Published
- 2010
35. Deprem mekanizma çözümleri ve gerilme tensörü analizi ile Marmara bölgesinin sismotektonik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
- Author
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Şen, Ali Tolga, Eyidoğan, Haluk, Jeofizik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Jeofizik Mühendisliği, and Geophysical Engineering
- Subjects
Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Gerilme tensörü ,Seismotectonics ,Stress Tensor ,Stress ,Seismometer ,Kuzey Anadolu Fayı ,North Anatolian Fault ,Geophysics Engineering ,Seismotectonic ,Fault Mechanism Solution ,Sismotektonik ,Seismology ,Seismogram ,Fay Düzlem Çözümü - Abstract
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2010, Bu çalışmada, 1912 – 2009 yılları arasında olmuş 360 depremin fay düzlemi çözümlerinden yararlanarak Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki tektonik gerilme tensörleri tüm bölge ve belirlenen sismotektonik alanlar için hesap edilmiştir. Tüm fay düzlemi çözümleri ve bunlardan elde edilen P anlık gerilme eksenleri haritalandırılmıştır. Belirlenen alanlar için elde edilen ana gerilme eksenlerinin (sigma1, sigma2, sigma3) alansal dağılımları değerlendirilerek Marmara Bölgesi’nde süregiden güncel tektonik etkinlikler yorumlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada hesaplanan gerilme tensörü değerlerinin alansal dağılımları değerlendirildiğinde şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir: Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki tüm tensörel değerlere göre Marmara Bölgesi’nde doğrultu atım bileşenli deformasyon (decrochement) baskın bir karakter sergilemektedir. Buna göre Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın kuzey Marmara’da baskın karakterini sergilediği söylenebilir. Ayrıca çek – ayır mekanizmasının da kısmen ve tali olarak işlediğine dair kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Mevcut fay düzlemi çözümleri ve diğer sismolojik bulguların Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın güney kolunun varlığına dair tatmin edici örüntüyü sunmadığı görülmektedir. Çınarcık ve Gemlik alanları baskın normal faylanma karakterini ortaya koymaktadır., In this study, tectonic stress tensors were calculated for the whole Marmara Region and the sub-tectonic areas by using the fault plane solutions of total 360 earthquakes that occurred in the time period between 1912-2009. All the fault plane solutions and their instantenous P-axes were mapped. The ongoing evaluation of current tectonic activity in the Marmara Region is interpreted with the spatial distribution of the principal stress axes (sigma1, sigma2, sigma3) for the specified areas. The following results were obtained when the spatial distribution of the calculated stress tensor is evaluated in this study: The overall evaluation of principal stress values in the Marmara Region shows major strike slip regime (decrochement). It is suggested that the North Anatolian Fault exhibits dominant character in the North Marmara Region. Also, there are evidences for partial activity and occurrence of pull-apart mechanisms in this region. Prevalent seismic fault plane solutions and other findings such as seismicity do not give satisfactory pattern for the existence of the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault. Çınarcık and Gemlik areas reveal dominant normal faulting character., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.
- Published
- 2010
36. Investigation of seismicity of izmir and surrounding under the light of seismological data
- Author
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Eytemiz, Can, Uluğ, Atilla, and Deprem Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Earthquake ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Izmir ,Seismology - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı Ege Bölgesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (EBAMER) bünyesinde faaliyet göstermekte olan sismoloji istasyonları tarafından kaydedilmiş sismogramlardan elde edilmiş sonuçlarla geçmiş dönem deprem aktivitelerini korole ederek İzmir ve çevresinin depremselliğini tartışmaktır.Tarihsel ve aletsel dönemler boyunca İzmir ve çevresi yaklaşık 50 adet yıkıcı depreme maruz kalmışlardır. Onlarca yüksek şiddette yıkıcı depremler, bölgenin sismik aktivitesinin oldukça yoğun olduğunun göstergesidir. Bu aktivitelere sebep olan bir çok kara ve su altı fayları çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından haritalanmışlardır. İstasyonlarımızca kaydedilmiş verilerden yola çıkarak hazırlanan episantır dağılım haritasının bu tektonik yapılarla olan ilişkisi incelenmiş, depremlerin meydana geldikleri derinlikler, yapılmış gravite ve manyetik çalışmaların gösterdiği kabuk yapısı modelleri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. The aim of this study is to discuss the seismicity of Izmir and the surrounding area using local seismological data recorded by Aegean Region Research Center (EBAMER) and correlate them with historical earthquake datas.Through the historical and instrumental period in Izmir and the surrounding area were subjected to about 50 destructive earthquakes. Tens of destructive high-intensity earthquakes indicate the region's very intense seismic activity. Many of the land and underwater faults which were caused by these activities have been mapped by the various researchers. The relationship between the epicenter distribution map and these tectonic structures are examined based on data recorded by our station. Depths of the earthquakes are associated with the crust structure model which is obtained by gravity and magnetic studies. 70
- Published
- 2010
37. Sismik moment tensör analizi ile 2007-2008 yıllarındaki m ? 4,0 türkiye depremlerinin kaynak parametrelerinin bulunması
- Author
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Kiliç, Tuğbay, Utkucu, Murat, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Moment tensor ,Seismic waves ,Geophysics Engineering ,Focal mechanism ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Seismic data ,Seismometer ,Seismology ,Seismogram - Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de 2007-2008 yılları arasında meydana gelmiş magnitüdü 4'e eşit veya daha büyük olan depremlerin kaynak parametreleri moment tensör yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Afet İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Deprem Araştırma Dairesi, Sismoloji Şubesi tarafından oluşturulmuş deprem kataloğunda yer alan en az 3 istasyon veri kaydına sahip 100 adet deprem belirlenmiştir. Moment tensör ters çözümlerinde bu depremlerde yine Deprem Araştırma Dairesi tarafından işletilen Ulusal Sismik Ağı oluşturan istasyonlarda kaydedilen verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Katalog verileri, sismogramlar ve kabuk yapısı kullanılarak deviatorik moment tensör ters çözümünden bu depremlerin kaynak parametreleri (doğrultu, eğim ve atım), sismik moment ve dolayısıyla moment magnitüd değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu çözümlerden elde edilen kaynak parametreleri bu depremlerin meydana geldiği fay kuşaklarındaki tektonik yapı ile uyum içerisindedir. Sonuçlar bazı sismoloji merkezlerinin varolan çözümleriyle karşılaştırılmış, bu çalışmanın Türkiye için bir Moment Tensör kataloğu oluşturulması için bir adım oluşturduğu ve depremlerle ilgili araştırmalarda faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. In this study, the source parameters of the earthquakes with magnitude equal to or greater than 4.0 occurred in Turkey between 2007 and 2008 are investigated by the seismic moment tensor method. For this purpose, 100 earthquakes with at least three station broadband data recordings in the earthquake catalog prepared by Seismology Section of Earthquake Research Department under General Directorate of Disaster Affairs are selected for the analysis. In the seismic moment tensor solutions, the data recorded at the stations of National Seismic Network operated by Earthquake Research Department is used. Source parameters (strike, dip and rake), seismic moment and moment magnitude values of these earthquakes are obtained from deviatoric moment tensor analyses based on crustal model, seismograms and catalog data. The source parameters of the earthquakes obtained from these solutions are consistent with the tectonic structure of the regions where these earthquakes have been located. The results have been compared with the existing solutions of the some seismological centres and it is considered that the study will constitute a step forward constructing a Moment Tensor Catalog for Turkey and will be helpful for the future seismotectonic studies. 80
- Published
- 2009
38. Oymapınar ve Altınkaya barajları rezervuar kaynaklı depremlerinin incelenmesi
- Author
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Aykurt, Hande, Altınok, Yıldız, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Earthquake ,Altınkaya dam ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Seismology ,Dams ,Oymapınar dam - Abstract
Rezervuar kaynaklı olarak adlandırılan baraj depremleri tetiklenmiş deprem türlerindendir. Ülkemizde Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) tarafından yapımı tamamlanmış olan 617 baraj ve 68 yapım halinde olan baraj ve hidroelektirik santral vardır. Çalışma kapsamında, ülkemizde yapımı tamamlanmış barajlardan olan Oymapınar Barajı (Antalya) ve Altınkaya Barajı (Samsun) depremleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen barajlara ait deprem verileri DSİ Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoteknik Hizmetler ve Yeraltısuları (YAS) Daire Başkanlığı Jeofizik Etütler Şube Müdürlüğü'nden; barajlara ait su seviyesi verileri ise DSİ Genel Müdürlüğü İşletme ve Bakım Dairesi Başkanlığı İşletme Hidrolojisi Şube Müdürlüğü tarafından sağlanmıştır.Tez çalışması kapsamında, Oymapınar ve Altınkaya barajlarının su tutma öncesi (STO) ve su tutma sonrası (STS) depremsellikleri ile STS dönem içindeki deprem karakteristikleri, magnitüd ve oluş sayısı dikkate alınarak belirlenen değişik dönemler için saptanmıştır. Deprem karakteristikleri saptanırken, Gutenberg ve Richter (1954) bağıntısı ile b değeri; ana şok magnitüdü M0, en büyük artçı şok magnitüdü M1 olmak üzere, M0-M1 ve M1/M0 değerleri; Değiştirilmiş Omori Bağınıtısı ile öncü şok ve artçı şokların zamansal azalım ilişkisi katsayısı olan p değerleri bulunmuştur.Oymapınar barajı depremleri STS döneminde üç farklı durumda incelenmiştir. Özellikle II ve III durumlarında öncü şoklarda düşük b değerleri, artçı şoklarda ise yüksek b değerleri bulunmuştur. Bu durum, Berg (1968), Rastogi ve diğ. (1997)'nin bulgularıyla uyumludur. Ancak elde edilen tüm b değerleri 1.0'dan küçük bulunduğundan Gupta ve Rastogi (1976)'nın bulgularıyla uyum göstermemektedir. II ve III durumlarında, M0-M1 ve M1/M0 değerleri arasında ters orantı olması Papazachos ve diğ. (1967), Chaudhury ve Srivastava (1973), Rastogi ve diğ. (1995; 1997)'nin önerilerini desteklemektedir. Bölgedeki p değerleri ise genellikle düşüktür ve deprem etkinliği karakter olarak Değiştirilmiş Omori Bağıntısını sağlamamaktadır. Öncü-artçı şok modeli, genel olarak Mogi'nin 2. Tip'ine uymaktadır.Altınkaya barajı STS dönemi deprem karakteristikleri veri yetersizliğinden dolayı tek bir dönem için incelenebilmiştir. The earthquakes referred as reservoir-associated earthquakes in dams are induced activities. In our country, there are 617 constructed dams and 68 under-construction dams and hydroelectric power plants, which are administered by The General Directorate of State Hydrolicworks (DSI). Within the scope of the study, the earthquakes of Oymapinar Dam (Antalya) and Altinkaya Dam (Samsun), which are two samples of the constructed ones, are investigated. The earthquake and water level data of the dams, are obtained from DSI Geotechnical Services and Ground Water Department (YAS) and Department of Operation and Maintenance, respectively.In the thesis, the seismic activity before water loading (STO) and after water loading (STS) of Oymapinar and Altinkaya Dams, and characteristics of the earthquakes are deduced, using the data for different periods that are determined by considering the number of occurrences and magnitudes. For the determination of earthquake characteristics, the b-value of Gutenberg and Richter (1954), and the M0-M1 and M1/M0 values where M0 and M1 are the main shock magnitude and the largest aftershock magnitude respectively, are calculated. In addition, the p-values that indicate the decay rate of foreshocks and aftershocks by the time are obtained using the modified Omori Law.The earthquakes in the Oymapinar Dam area are investigated for three different states in the STS period. In particular, in the second and third states, the b-values are low for the foreshocks and high for the aftershocks. This result is coherent with the findings of Berg (1968) and Rastogi and et al. (1997). However, since overall deduced b- values are lower than the value of 1.0, they are not in coherence with the findings of Gupta and Rastogi (1976). In respect to the inverse proportion between M0-M1 and M1/M0 values in II and III states, it is consistent with the proposals of Papazachos et al. (1967), Chaudhury and Srivastava (1973), Rastogi and et al. (1995; 1997). The p-values are generally low and seismicity characteristics in the region do not obey the Modified Omori Law. In general, the foreshock-aftershock patterns are similar and correspond to Type 2 of Mogi?s Model.The earthquake characteristics for STS period in Altinkaya Dam could not be investigated due to the insufficient data. 94
- Published
- 2008
39. Düşeyde düzensiz bir yapının depreme dayanıklılığının incelenmesi
- Author
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Bakkaloğlu, Erdinç, Taşkın Akgül, Beyza, and İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Deprem Mühendisliği ,Dynamic analysis ,Performance based design ,Static analysis ,Earthquake Engineering ,Seismology - Abstract
Nüfusun büyük çogunlugunun birinci derece deprem bölgesinde yasadıgı ülkemizde,günümüze kadar birçok siddetli deprem meydana gelmis ve bu depremler sonucundamaddi ve manevi çok agır kayıplar verilmistir.Son yıllarda ülkemizde yeniden meydana gelen yıkıcı depremler, ülkemizde bulunanyapı stogunun deprem dayanımının incelenmesi ve siddetli baska bir depremdegöçebilecek yapıların belirlenmesi geregini ortaya çıkarmıstır.Yükseklisans tezi olarak sunulan bu çalısmada, mevcut betonarme çok katlı bir yapının,deprem etkisi altında davranısı belirlenip, gerek görülürse güçlendirmesi yapılacaktır.Altı bölümden olusan çalısmanın birinci bölümünde konuya giris yapılarak, iki bölümdedepremler sismilojik açıdan ele alınmıs, depremlerin olusumu hakkındaki bazı teorilerekısaca deginilerek, deprem dalgaları, Türkiye'nin depremselligi ve mühendisliksiddetleri ve anlamları hakkında bilgi verilmistir.Daha sonraki bölümlerde yapıların deprem etkisi altında çözümleme yöntemlerihakkında bilgi verilerek, bu bilgiler ısıgında örnek bir yapı ele alınmıs ve çesitliyöntemlerle degerlendirilmistir.Degerlendirmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler dogrultusunda yapının düsey tasıyıcıelemanlarında kapasite kontrolleri yapılarak kapasitelerin yetersizligi görülmüstür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Düzensizlik, Performans Esaslı Tasarım, Statik Analiz, DinamikAnaliz, Sismoloji, Statik tme Analiz Having its most population living in the first degree of seismic danger zone, ourcountry has experienced many destructive earthquakes causing heavy damagesto structures as well as causalities. Considering these damages especially duringthe major earthquake events within the recent years, the necessity ofdetermining the existing buildings? seismic resistances and a probability ofdamages occurrences is exposed.In this master-of-science thesis, a seven story reinforced-concrete buildingstructure having vertical irregularity is investigated by means of its resistanceagainst lateral earthquake loads by implementing different solutions strategiesconsidering structural dynamics theory.In the first two chapters of the study, seismological issues as well as earthquakeoccurrence theories, earthquake mechanism and the earthquake sourcesaffecting Turkey are covered.Structural analysis methods enforced in the earthquake design codes, such asequivalent earthquake loads method, mode superposition or linear time historyanalysis, are discussed in the third chapter of this research, which is followed byintroducing the performance concept; performance targets; structural demandsand capacity as a fourth chapter. Also non-linear static analysis method isexplained in details.In the fifth chapter, the above-mentioned building is investigated by applying allof the analysis techniques and results are presented.In the conclusive final chapter, performance of the existing building is discussedand applying an engineered strengthening design and application is proposed.Keywords: Irregular Structures, Performance Based Design, Static Analysis, DynamicAnalysis, Seismology, Push Over Analysis 106
- Published
- 2007
40. Eğirdir Gölü batısı sedimentasyon özelliklerinin sismik yansıma tekniği ile incelenmesi
- Author
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Durhan, Zafer, Kanbur, Mehmet Zakir, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Seismic analysis ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Eğirdir Lake ,Seismic ,Seismology - Abstract
Isparta-Eğirdir Gölü batı kıyısı (Bedre Koyu) çökel özelliklerini saptamak için, kıyıdandış kesimlere doğru atılan profiller boyunca sismik yansıma verileri elde edilmiştir. Buveriler sismik yansıma tekniği ile sismik kesitlere dönüştürülmüştür. Yaklaşık 50 m(metre) derinlik, bu kesitler doğrultusunda yorumlanmıştır.Sismik kesitlere göre, geçmişteki kıyı seviyesi belirlenmiş ve sedimen istif oluşumugörüntülenmiştir. Profillerden alınan bulgular doğrultusunda; derinliği yaklaşık 35 m'yibulan ana kaya üzerinde kil & kum çökelimi tespit edilmiştir. Bu çökeller üzerinde isederinliği yaklaşık 5 m'yi bulan alüvyon çökelimine rastlanılmıştır.Eğirdir Gölü'nün günümüze kadar çekildiğini vurgulayan, derinliği 10 m'yi ve hızı 250m/s'yi bulan zonlar görülmüştür. Bu stratigrafik seviyelerin eski göl çökellerine aitolduğu düşünülmüştür. Sismik kesitlerde kil & kum çökelimleri arasında uzanan lokalbir fayın varlığı da dikkat çekmiştir.Bedre Koyu'na yakın fayların etkisiyle oluşabilecek depremler, tabaka hızlarının düşükve yeraltı su seviyesinin yüksek olması sıvılaşma riskini beraberinde getirir. Bu yüzdensu seviyesi etkisi dışında kalmış olan tarım arazilerindeki yapılaşmaların, zeminparametrelerine göre belirlenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Sismik, Sismik Analiz, Sismoloji, Eğirdir Gölü, Bedre Koyu. Seismic reflection data collected outwards from the western coast of the Isparta-EğirdirLake were interpreted to investigate the characteristics of the sedimentary deposits.Reflection data converted to the seismic sections were used to evaluate uppersedimentary layers about 50 m (meters) thich by the seismic reflection technique.Interpretations of the seismic sections revealed the existence of an old coastline and thesedimentary deposits. Based on the seismic sections, bedrock located approximately 35m below the surface were inferred to be comprised of clay & sand lithology overlainedby approximately 5 m alluvial deposits.On the seismic sections, interpreted zones up to 10 m depth and 250 m/s velocity werebelieved to be formed in the period of lowering level of the Eğirdir Lake. Some localfaulting was also identified on the basis of seismic sections between clay & sandlithologies.The earthquake to be caused by the faults close to the Bedre Bay, the presence of lowvelocity zones and the shallow underground water level, all these may increase theliquefaction risks in the studied area. Therefore, structuring on the agricultural areas thatare not affected by the water level is designed buildings as ground parameters.Key Words: Seismic, Seismic Analysis, Seismology, Eğirdir Lake, Bedre Bay. 75
- Published
- 2007
41. Güneybatı Türkiye'de depremsellik ve deprem risk analizi
- Author
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Gökce, Volkan, Kalyoncuoğlu, Ümit Yalçın, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Geophysics Engineering ,Seismicity ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Gutenberg-Richter relationships ,Seismology - Abstract
96
- Published
- 2007
42. Seismic tomograpy of Sakarya basin
- Author
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Alkan, Mehmet Akif, Yardımcı Doçent Doktor Günay Beyhan, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Jeofizik Mühendisliği, Beyhan, Günay, and Jeofizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Kabuk hızı ,Earthquake ,1D sismik tomografi ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,17 Ağustos 1999 depremi ,3Dsismik tomografi ,Tomography ,Seismology ,Modelling - Abstract
06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: 17 Ağustos 1999 depremi,1D sismik tomografi, 3D sismiktomografi, kabuk hızı, Sakarya baseniBu çalısmada, Sakarya havzası ve çevresine ait bölgenin 3 boyutlu hız modelininçıkarılması amaçlanmıstır. Afet ?sleri Genel Müdürlüğü Deprem Ars. Dairesi ileAlman Potsdam Üniversitesi ile ortak yürütülen ?Depremlerin ÖncedenBelirlenmesi Türk -Alman Ortak Projesi" Kapsamında KAFZ'nun Sakarya ? Boluilleri arasında kalan kesiminde kurulmus olan 14 adet sayısal ve 3 bilesensismometre ile 17 Ağustos 1999 depremi sonrasında 3000 den fazla art sarsıntıkaydedilmistir.Öncelikle bölgede daha önce yapılmıs çalısmalardan farklı hız modelleri alınmıs vebu hızlar ile bölgeyi tam olarak temsil edeceği düsünülen yeni bir hız yapısı eldeedilmistir. Hız yapısının elde edilmesinde, odaksal parametreler ile istasyondüzeltmelerinin hesaplanmasında, es zamanlı ve yinelemeli ters çözüm sağlayanVELEST yazılımı kullanılmıstır.Depremlerin seçiminde, doğru sonuçlar elde edebilmek için yüksek kalitelidepremler seçilmistir. Bu islem sonunda toplam 311 art sarsıntı seçilmis ve bölgeyeait 1-D P dalga hızı modeli elde edilmistir.Son olarak, elde edilen bu bir boyutlu hız modeli, üç boyutlu tomografik çözümyapabilen SIMULPS14 programında kullanılmak üzere düzenlenerek gerçek seyahatzamanı verileriyle birlikte tomografik ters çözüm islemi tamamlanmıs veTOMO2GMT programı yardımıyla üç boyutlu kesitler elde edilmistir. Bu kesitlerincelendiğinde, art sarsıntılar 0-16 km derinlikte meydana geldiği için, bu aralıktakikatmanlar, ters çözüm sonucu daha iyi belirlenebilmistir. Sonuç olarak; elde edilen1-D hız modeli ile bölgenin altı farklı hız katmanına sahip olduğu bulunmustur. Tümbu islemler sonucunda, bölgenin hız yapısı üç boyutlu olarak ortaya konularakjeolojisi ve tektoniği ile uyumluluğu değerlendirilmistir. Key words: 17 August 1999 Earthquake, 1-D seismic tomography, 3-D seismictomography, crustal velocity, Sakarya Basin.The aim of this thesis is to determine 3D velocity model of Sakarya Basin and itsvicinity. After 17 August 1999 Earthquake, more than 3.000 aftershocks wererecorded using 14 digital seismometers that were established to provide data for thearea between Sakarya and Bolu to use in ?The Prediction of Earthquakes Project?which was a co-project between General Directorate of Disaster Affairs and PotsdamUniversity. Since some earthquakes are not recorded at each station and some are outof this area, only selected recordings are used in this study.First, a new velocity structure that represents entire study area was produced byusing various velocity models in the previous studies. VELEST software whichproduces a simultaneously and iterative inverse solution, was used to derivevelocities, compute hypocentral parameters and station corrections.Afterwards, high quality data were selected to reach correct results. And 1D velocitymodel of P wave that belong to study area was derived. Finally, the derived 1Dvelocity model was arranged to use in SIMULPS14 that produce 3D tomographicsolution. In this manner, tomographic inverse solution process was completed byusing real travel time and 3D profiles were derived by using TOMO2GMT.Consequently, layers that lay on between 0 and 16 kilometres in the study area couldbe determined well than layers that lay on under the depth of 16 kilometres, sinceaftershocks occurred in this distance. The derived 1D velocity model shows the studyarea has six different velocity layers. The structure of velocity that belongs to studyarea was evaluated to determine whether it is compatible with geologic and tectonicstructure or not.
- Published
- 2007
43. Batı Anadolu'nun neotektoniğinin jeofizik verilerle incelenmesi (Çandarlı Körfezi örneğinde)
- Author
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Geçim, Elçin, Özel, Erdeniz, and Deniz Jeolojisi ve Jeofiziği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Çandarlı Bay ,Faults ,Geophysics Engineering ,Jeofizik Mühendisliği ,Seismology - Abstract
m ÖZET Bu yüksek lisans tez çalışmasında, Çandarlı Körfezi'nin neotektoniği sismik, sismolojik ve gravite verileri ile araştırılmıştır. TPAO'dan alman sismik yansıma kesitlerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılarak aktif tektonizma etkileri fay, kırık, çöküntü, yükselme gibi güncel yapıların deprem odaklan ile karşılaştınlmıştır. Bu sistemin taban topografyası ve derin yapılan modellenmesinde gravite verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bakırçay grabeninin denizdeki uzantısı olan Çandarlı körfezi, grabeni oluşturan doğu-batı gidişli normal faylarla sınırlanmaktadır. Bakırçay grabeninin oluşumu kuzey- güney açılma tektoniği olarak ilişkilendirildiği halde, graben Anadolu plakasının batıya hareketinden de etkilenmektedir. Bundan dolayı, doğu-batı grabenlerinden önemli farkı; Çandarlı Körfezini de kapsayan grabenin, kuzeydoğu- güneybatı pozisyonudur. Aynca Batı Anadolu'daki grabenlerin oluşmasından önceki jeolojik döneme ait kuzey güney, kuzeydoğu - güneybatı uzanımlı faylann da aktivitelerini sürdürdükleri izlenmiştir. Sismik kesitlerden, volkanik hareketlerin de yükselmelere neden olduğu ve Çandarlı Körfezi'nde doğu- batı uzanımlı bir sırt oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Sediment kalınlığı olarak da Küçük Menderes ve Gediz grabeni gibi kaim sediment sıralamasına sahip değildir. IV ABSTRACT In this MsC thesis study, neotectonism of Çandarlı Bay was examined by using seismic, seismological and gravity data. Correlations between fault, fracture, depression and uplift formed by the effects of active tectonism and earthquake focuses were examined by evaluating seismic reflection sections obtained from Turkish Petrollium. Gravity data were used in basement topography and deep formation modeling of this system. Çandarlı Bay which is the extension of Bakırçay graben in the sea was bordered by east-west trending normal faults forming the graben. Development of Bakırçay graben was thought to be related with north-south openning tectonics, whole of was also effected by the west movement of the Anatolian plate. Therefore, its significant difference from the east-west graben was northeast-southwest position of the Bakırçay graben. In addition, it was also observed that the north-south, northeast and southwest faults, belonging to the geological period before the formation of west Anatolian graben, have been keeping their activities on. It was seen by the seismic sections that, volcanic movements also caused rising and formed a east-west extending ridge on Çandarlı Bay. Çandarlı graben has no the thick sediment sequences as Küçük Menderes and Gediz graben etc. *a&» 71
- Published
- 2001
44. VOLKANİK ARAZİ ÜZERİNDE BÜTÜNLEŞİK ARKEOJEOFİZİKSEL ARAŞTIRMA: ALAGÖZ DAĞI’NDA BULUNAN KARMİR SAR TEPESİNİN DURUMU ERMENİSTAN CUMHURİYETİ
- Author
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Harald von der Osten, Alessandra Gilibert, Pavol Hnila, and Arsen Bobokhyan
- Subjects
Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Volcano ,Geophysical survey (archaeology) ,Terrain ,Güney Kafkaslar,Bronz Çağı,Yüksek İrtifa Arkeolojisi,Jeomanyetik Araştırma,Jeoradar,Fotogrametri ,South Caucasus,Bronze Age,High-Altitude Archaeology,Geomagnetic Prospection,GroundPenetrating Radar,Photogrammetry ,Geology ,Seismology ,Mount - Abstract
This paper addresses the challenges posed by geophysical prospection in a high-altitude volcanic landscape. The case study is the site Karmir Sar, on Mount Aragats, Armenia. A major aim of the ongoing archaeological explorations at Karmir Sar is to detect, map and interpret prehistoric features on site, including the extraordinary concentration of megalithic monuments known as vishaps “dragon stones” . This paper illustrates a workflow that has allowed us to detect archaeologically relevant features by combining geomagnetic prospection, groundpenetrating radar prospection and orthophotographs generated from image-based modelling of aerial pictures. The collected archaeological information was cross-checked through excavation and the results led to a new understanding of the site and its contexts, Bu makale, yüksek rakımlı volkanik bir arazide yapılan jeofiziksel araştırmalarla ilgili zorlukları ele almaktadır. Buçalışma örneği, Ermenistan’ın Alagöz Dağı’nda bulunan Karmir Sar tepesi üzerinedir. Karmir Sar’da sürdürülenarkeolojik keşiflerin esas amacı, olağandışı miktarlardaki, vişap “ejderha taşı” olarak bilinen megalitik yapılarda dâhil olmak üzere, arazi üzerinde bulunan tarih öncesi unsurları tespit etmek, bunların haritasını çıkarmak veyorumlamaktır. Bu makale, arkeolojik unsurları tespit etmemize olanak sağlamış jeomanyetik araştırmalar, jeoradararaştırmaları ve hava fotoğraflarının resim tabanlı modellemeleri ile oluşturulan ortofotoların birleşimindenmeydana gelen çalışma biçimini ortaya koyar. Toplanan arkeolojik bilgiler, arazide yapılan kazılarla çapraz kontroletabi tutulmuştur ve alınan sonuçlar, arazi ve içeriği hakkında yepyeni bir anlayış kazanılmasına vesile olmuştur.
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