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In the current study, the effects of root bacteria and chemical fertilizer applications that promote plant growth in greenhouse tomato cultivation on some yield and quality characteristics of tomato were investigated. Bacteria in the study were applied as two different groups, bacteria I (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain BY-44, Bacillus licheniformis strain HK-13 and Pseudomonas putida strain NK-12) and bacteria II (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain FC-42, Bacillus subtilis strain SK-26 and Rhizobium radiobacter strain SK-63). Parallel to the chemical fertilizer program, NK-12 and SK-26 strains, which have the ability to fix nitrogen when nitrogen-containing (NPK) fertilizers were applied to the plants, and BY-44 and SK-26 strains, which have positive phosphorus dissolving properties when phosphorus-containing (NPK) and pure fertilizers were applied, HK-13 and FC-42 strains, which can dissolve potassium when NPK fertilizers with high potassium content were applied were inoculated individually, without mixing. The experiment was established in a plastic greenhouse located in Hasyurt (Finike-Antalya) in 2017, according to the randomized plots trial design and was conducted out with 3 replications. In the study the number of tomato cluster, cumulative fruits, fruit size, fruit diameter, fruit hardness, average fruit weight, early yield, cumulative yield, fruit dry weight, total water-soluble dry matter, pH value of fruit juice and titrable acid amount were evaluated. As a result of the applications, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the applications of bacteria I and bacteria II with chemical fertilizer application in terms of average fruit weight, fruit diameter, total water-soluble dry matter, pH value of fruit juice, fruit dry weight and fruit hardness. It was found that the effect of bacteria II application on fruit length was the same as chemical fertilizer application. In addition, it was observed that the effect of bacteria II application on the amount of titratable acid was statistically in the same group as chemical fertilizer application. It was determined that the highest values in cumulative fruit number, fruit size, early yield and cumulative yield parameters were obtained from chemical fertilizer application. In addition, plant growth promoting mechanisms (IAA, siderophore, ACC-deaminase and catalase) of bacterial stains used in applications were investigated. The highest IAA was found in Bacillus licheniformis strain HK-13 (61.24µg ml-1), the highest siderophore production was found in Pseudomonas putida strain NK-12 (36 mm). It has been determined that all of the strains have ACC-deaminase and catalase enzymes. The results showed that including bacterial applications in tomato cultivation would be effective in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate silage quality, in vitro digestibility, and energy content of headless confectionary sunflower (HCS) ensiled with different additives. HCS was shredded as silage material and mixed with 5% molasses or 4% crushed barley, and these groups were supplemented with 0 or 5 g/ton bacterial inoculant+enzyme mixture (BI+E). Thus, 6 groups were ensiled in 1-liter glass jars in 5 replicates. At the end of the 70-day incubation period, pH values, NH3-N, and VFA concentrations of silage liquids were measured. Crude nutrient analysis, in vitro digestibility, energy content, and Fleig scores of silage specimens were determined. As a result, considering the analysis values of the silages, quality silages were obtained from molasses, barley and BI+E mixtures and the additives used increased the silage quality. Especially, the silage supplemented with 4% barley and 5 g/ton BI+E had better results than the other silage groups regarding DM, LA, pH, Fleig score, DMD, OMD, DE, ME, and NEL values. Similar results were achieved in the group, where only 5% molasses was added to the sunflower crop. Furthermore, the addition of bacterial inoculant also positively improved the silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of yield components, grain yield and some quality characteristics of different bread wheat varieties in Muğla Dalaman ecological conditions. Kayra, Ziyabey-98, Cumhuriyet-75, Kılınç, Adana-99, Ceyhan-99, Kaynarca and Toros-1003 bread wheat cultivars were used as plant material in this study, which was carried out with 3 replications according to the randomized block design in 2022 winter production season. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in total of 160 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare. In the study, significant differences were determined between bread wheat varieties in terms of the characteristics except starch ratio. The average plant height of the cultivars was between 88.2 - 118.4 cm, the average number of ears per square meter was between 414 - 606, the average number of grains per ear was between 35.6 - 45.2, the average of 1000 grain weight was between 41.8 - 53.2 g, the average grain yield was between 6160 - 8650 kg/ha, average hectoliter weight was between 75.8 - 81.2 kg/hl, average protein ratio was between 13.87 - 16.8%, average starch ratio was between 65.7 - 71.5%, average crude ash ratio was between 1.59 - 1.72% and the average crude fiber ratio was between 4.53 - 5.78%. Among the varieties, the Kaynarca variety attracted attention with its high yield and having the highest values in all other quality criteria, except for the raw ash ratio. Summarised Kaynarca variety can be successfully grown in our region as both an efficient yield and high quality variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted in 2019-20 wheat growing season under rainfall condition of Mardin - Artuklu province. 80 durum wheat landraces originated from Southeast Anatolia and 10 registered durum wheat cultivars were evaluated according to Augmented Trail Design. 20 landraces and 10 cultivars were used for each bloc. We determined large variations in durum wheat landraces for observed traits. Results indicated that mean of observed traits of landraces and varieties were ranged between 229 kg/da - 371 kg/da for grain yield; 1313 kg/kg – 1218 kg/kg for biomass, 18.02 % - 14.94 % for grain protein content. Mean thousand kernel weight of landraces and standard varieties changed between 42.9 g and 40.15 g; heading days ranged from 117.8 to 111 days respectively. According to observed data, landraces had longer heading days and grain stage and also higher grain protein content and biomass compare to standard varieties. Results of this study showed that landraces has high potential to increase biomass and grain protein content and they can be used as a genitor in wheat breeding programs to improving desirable durum wheat genotypes. Observation according to GGE biplot methodology (which-wonwhere) indicated that ST8 (Check) and G80 (landrace) have high values for grain yield, number of seed pers spike, seed weight per spike while G8 (landrace) showed high values for thousand grain weight, length of peduncle, plant height, grain protein content, biomass and heading days. Obtained results from this study indicated that landraces should be preserved for sustainable agriculture activities specially for marginal areas, also they have high diversity and useful traits for national and international wheat breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and quality of Turkish videos about the provincial age exercise program on YouTube. Materials and Methods: On August 22, 2022, an internet search was made using YouTube, the popular search engine in Turkey, and the exercises recommended for the ages were evaluated. Forty YouTube videos were rated by two supervisors (physiatrists). The videos included in the study were evaluated using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) tool and Global Quality and Services (GQS) benchmarks. In addition, video duration, likes, dislikes, number of comments, duration of the video on the internet, video power index, viewing rate and liking rates were evaluated. Results: According to the evaluation of both observers, the videos were found to be of medium to poor quality. While the average DISCERN score of the first observer was 41.3±17.5, the average of the DISCERN score of the second observer was 44.2±17.1, and according to the analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.898 and it was seen that there was a very good agreement. There was a high level of agreement between the two observers in terms of the DISCERN score category (κ=0.683, p<0.001). Again, according to both observers, GQS average of the videos was determined as moderate-poor results and positive correlation was found between both. Conclusion: It was determined that the content of the videos on YouTube about the age exercise programs was generally inadequate or of poor quality. It has been determined that there is a need for videos that can contribute to the preparation of higher quality and informational videos based on international guidelines, and to increase public awareness about patient compliance and exercise programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat processing and its processes are laborious and costly. For this reason, some producers reduce the cost by adding cheaper substitutes to meat products, making imitation and adulteration to gain more profit. Legislation and official controls are key components in ensuring effective food control and safely food production. This study was conducted to determine some quality characteristics and compliance with food safety of sausage and pastrami samples collected during official controls in Turkey. For this purpose, pastrami and sausages produced in Turkey for 8 years were taken from food companies and quality analyzes of taken samples were performed. Based on obtained results, it was found that the total number of samples with negative quality parameters in sausage samples was 574 (6.69%). In terms of quality parameters, the highest number of negative samples (71, 12.37%) was identified in 2017 and the lowest number of negative samples (39, 6.79%) in 2015. The main reasons for these problems are high fat content in the sausages and the presence of horse, poultry and pork meats in the histological examination of red meats. In the pastrami samples, the number of samples with negative quality parameters was 49 (3.25%). The number of negative samples was highest in 2018 (7 items/8.54%) and lowest in 2014 (1 item/2.04%) has been determined. The basis of these negativities was the high humidity and coagulase (+) Staphylococcus load in pastrami. According to these results, it was concluded that histological examination, moisture, fat and microbiological criteria are the main parameters to be considered in bacon and sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of presented study is to investigate the interest of Türkiye-based IT organizations in QM (quality management), ISO 9001 and other ISO MSSs (management system standards). Within the scope of this purpose, a study was conducted on organizations included in IT-500 lists. Corporate websites of IT organizations in categories of hardware, software and services were systematically examined. Methodologically, content analysis was applied in data analysis and corporate websites of IT organizations constituted the data source. Results and evaluations of study are presented separately on the basis of quality certificate, other certificates, quality policy and other policies, and when analyzed holistically, it has been revealed that large-scale service category organizations care more about QM and other MSSs. Right after service category, hardware category organizations take their place in the ranking. However, large-scale software organizations lag behind hardware and service organizations. Small-scale software organizations, which are ahead of other small-scale categories, reached same figures as large-scale software organizations. Analyzing corporate websites of IT organizations, presenting their interest in QM and other MSSs, addressing their policies, evaluating them on the basis of largescale and small-scale organizations in aforementioned categories indicate the importance and show the contribution of the study to the academic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The civil aviation industry is one of the areas with the fastest growth rate in our country, as it is in the whole world, as well as being highly affected by the changes arising from the political, social and economic fields in the global sense. In this sector, where technology and innovations are used the most, quality and performance levels are also requirements that cannot be left aside. Because the civil aviation sector is increasing its importance as a strategic transportation area where the most modern, advanced technology is used and where high level of competition is experienced, which should be given importance both economically and globally. In this study, the effects of differentiation practices in the Turkish civil aviation sector on total quality management and employee performance were investigated. The performance, competition strategies and total quality management scales determined and the results of the research applied to the employees in the civil aviation sector were examined. In this study, which was conducted within the borders of Istanbul, which is the center of the civil aviation sector in our country, the results of the research data applied to a total of 600 employees working in different businesses in the civil aviation sector were examined using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS programs. As a result of the analyzes made, it has been concluded that the differentiation practices have an impact on the total quality management with the role of employee performance mediator. When the normal distribution of the research data is examined, it is understood that these values have a normal distribution according to the structural equation model established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the built environment, quality contains functional, formal, structural, and economic aspects. Functional quality includes space planning, value, usage styles, inter-space relations, accessibility, flexibility, transformability, spatial satisfaction perceptions of the users, and the way users use the space. Formal quality contains aesthetics, perception (cultural values and cognitive factors), adaptability to the age, and compatibility with the context. Structural quality involves the structural design, durability, appropriate materials and construction techniques, sustainable-environmental friendliness, and lastly economic quality comprises the planning budget, construction budget, operating budget, and investment value. Determining whether a building is of quality requires an evaluation. In this study, the gap model, one of the service quality models was considered as a base for measuring the quality of the architectural structure. The main elements of the gap model were transformed. The expected service changed to expected architectural quality, expected service converted to perceived architectural quality, and satisfying quality transformed into satisfying performance for users and employers. Then new gaps were proposed that were adapted to measure expected and perceived quality in architectural buildings. Thus, a framework was presented that measures the functional, formal, structural, and economic quality of the structure and provides an understanding of the expectations of the user and employer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in other countries, quality is becoming increasingly important in universities in Turkey. Universities carry out their activities to ensure quality assurance under the guidance of the Higher Education Quality Board (YÖKAK). The reflection of these activities on the institution requires a change in routine processes. For this change to occur, the perceptions of academics, who have an essential role in all fields in higher education institutions, about the processes are significant. The activities carried out to obtain accreditation in universities bring some changes in the processes of institutions. These changes bring some differences and additional duties in doing business for academics working in institutions. Academics are also in a critical position as they are practitioners in all main fields of activity of universities. In order to realize this change process, they need to do additional work besides their current work. Factors such as the busy working hours of academics and their attitudes towards change will likely hinder the realization of the process. Therefore within the scope of this study, the accreditation perceptions of the academicians determined as the sample, their attitudes towards the change required by the process, and the role of organizational communication in the effect of resistance to change on the perception of accreditation were analyzed. The participants comprise 122 academicians working in quality processes at two state universities. The data were obtained by applying survey questions created from 3 different scales. As a result of the analyzes made within the framework of the established PLS-SEM model, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between resistance to change and communication, between communication and perception of accreditation, between resistance to change and perception of accreditation, and in estimating the perception of accreditation of resistance to change. In this context, it was concluded that as resistance to change increases, communication decreases; as communication increases, perception of accreditation increases; as resistance to change increases, perception of accreditation decreases. Communication is moderating in estimating the effect of resistance to change and perception of accreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biggest problem of livestock in Turkey is the lack of quality roughage despite the high number of animals. Due to the fact that, plants grown for different purposes should also be included in the rations. Sweet corn whose cultivation area is increasing, harvested the milk stage period and 61-73% of green portionr emains, This remaining green portion is a good silo material but contain low protein. In this study, the effect of alfalfa (100%M, 100%Y, 75%M+25%Y, 50%M+50%Y, 25%M+75%Y) silage quality of alfalfa added to sweet corn in different ratios was examined. Dry matter content, pH, fleig score, crude protein ratio, organic acids, relative feed value (RFV), calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus, total phenolic, anti-radical activity, total flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were determined in silage materials. The highest crude protein was obtained from pure alfalfa silage (26.74%). According to Fleig scores, the highest values were obtained for sweet corn (99.69), 75%M+25%Y (95.96) and 50%M+50%Y (90.45) mixed silages. RFV of silages varied between 87.74 and 148.45. The lactic acid content varied between 1.94% and 3.47%. Silages were found to be high in terms of secondary metabolite content, which is important for animal nutrition. The nutrient contents of all treatments were at a level to meet the needs of the animals. As a result, it was determined that alfalfa added to corn silage improved silage quality. In addition, considering all the features, it has been determined that the mixture of 75%M+25Y is better than the other processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is called Turkish Salmon and farming in the Black Sea, was subjected to hot smoking process using cherry (K), plum - (E), and apple -(A) tree and then stored at 3 ± 1°C. Smoked Turkish Salmon were performed microbiological (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria -TMAB, total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria -TPAB, Listeria monocytogenes yeast-mold -MK) and sensory (color, odor, taste, texture and appearance) analysis during storage. According to the results of microbiological analysis of products; while TMAB, TPAB and MK counts were determined as 2.5±0.02, 2.1±0.08 and 2.4±0.03 log CFU/g respectively in raw fish meat, it was observed that microorganisms were inhibited in the first week in all groups after hot smoking application. At the end of the storage, the TMAB, TPAB and MK count of trout smoked with cherry, plum and apple shavings respectively were 7.85±0.23, 7.48±0.63, 7±0.72; 7.5±0.86, 7.21±0.97, 6.98±0.88; 3.1 ±0.28, 2.78 ±0.40, 2.59 ±0.60 log CFU/g, L. monocytogenes was not detected. With sensory analysis, it was found that the effect of using different sawdust in terms of odor and texture on smoking trout was insignificant (p>0.05). As a result of 42 days of storage, it was determined that group A samples had the best microbiological and sensory quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple (Malus domestica) is a cultured species from the rosaceae (Rosaceae) family, and its consumption as fresh as well as dried fruit and chips has become more popular in recent years. However, it is important to determine the appropriate drying conditions in the drying processes, taking into account the energy and quality characteristics. In this study, it was aimed to reduce the energy consumption of the drying process and to preserve the physicochemical properties of the samples by applying some drying pretreatments (citric acid, potassium carbonate, vacuum impregnation) to apple slices of Golden delicious L. Apple slices were dried at a constant temperature of 70 °C from 3.98±0.06 to 0.06±0.019 g moisture g dry matter-1. In the study, the shortest drying time was 5.5. The longest drying time was determined as 9.5 hours. The best predictive mathematical model was determined as Wang Sing. It has been determined that the effective diffusion values of the drying processes vary between 1.03x10-5-6.67x10-6 m² s-1. It was found that the effective diffusion value of the dried samples after dipping in citric acid solution was the highest. It was determined that the fresh color values were preserved best (P<0.05) for the dried samples after dipping in citric acid solution. The lowest total energy, specific energy consumption (SEC) and latent heat of evaporation values were determined in the drying process of the samples dipped in citric acid solution. These values were found as 0.766 kWh, 247.41 kWh kg-1, 2.02 kWh, respectively. The highest specific moisture absorption rate (SMER) was determined as 0.00404 kg kWh-1 in the drying of the samples dipped in citric acid solution. In line with the findings obtained Golden delicious L. variety is recommended to be dried after dipping in citric acid solution because the optimum energy parameters and physico-chemical properties of dried apple slices are determined. Since it has been determined that some color values are statistically more suitable for fresh in dried samples after vacuum impregnation pretreatment is applied, it is recommended to apply citric acid+vacuum impregnation pretreatment in the next study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-drying of 2-phase olive pomace was carried out by parametric drying using a drum dryer supplying continuous mass production with a short drying time and obtaining the high amount of drying sample. Drying experiments of 2-phase pomace were performed at different valse rotational speeds (1, 3, and 6 rev/min) and different vapor pressure values (1, 2, 3, and 4 bar) as drum dryer process variables. Increasing the vapor pressure and decreasing the valse rotational speed increased the titratable acidity, peroxide value, free fatty acid and K232, K270 values of pre-dried 2-phase olive pomace whereas decreased the moisture content, water activity and pH value. The effective conditions of the drum dryer were determined at high vapor pressure and high valse rotational speed (4 bar and 6 rpm). Maximum specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), moisture extraction rate (MER) and minimum specific energy consumption (SEC) values were expected to determine the high performance and energy efficient dryer system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) treatments on the quality of fresh-cut leek cv. 'Lincoln' during cold storage were investigated. Leek samples, harvested at optimum stage, were immediately transferred to the laboratory. Leek samples were pre-cooled with forced air (2 °C) for 6 hours and divided into three groups for treatments (control, 1% and 2% AA). After pre-cooling, dust and residues on leeks originating from the orchard were removed by dipping into cold tap water (5-6 °C) under cool and sterile conditions. After fresh-cut processes, the AA treated (1% and 2%) and control samples were packaged in polystyrene foam tray covered with stretch film (16 µ). Packaged leeks were stored at 0 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 30 days. The weight loss (%), pseudo stem firmness (N) total soluble solids (%), titratable acidity (g 100 ml-1), respiration rate (ml CO2 kg-1 h-1), pseudo stem colour and sensory evaluation of leeks were performed at six day intervals during storage. The AA treatments decreased weight loss of fresh-cut leeks compared to control. The AA treatments, especially the 2% dose, preserved the pseudo stem firmness better than the control during storage. The AA treatments clearly suppressed respiration rate and maintained the TA of fresh-cut leek during cold storage. The AA treatments preserved the visual quality of the leeks better than the control samples during storage. As a result, it was determined that control group leeks could be stored for 24 days at 0 ± 1 ° C and 90 ± 5% (RH) but this period could be extended up to 30 days by AA (%1-2%) treatments. However, further detailed research on this topic considering different treatment type and dozes is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine silage yield and quality characteristics of 22 silage maize varieties (ADA-9510, ADA-9516, ADA-523, AGA, Arifiye, Kalideas, Keravnos, Kerbanis, Kolessous, Kilowatt, Larigal, Sakarya, Samada-07, Simpatico, SY-Antex, SY-İnove, SY-Gladius, Dragma, Pioneer PR31G98, Pioneer P9027, Dekalp 6308 ve Dekalp 6442) in Bilecik ecological conditions during the 2020 year. The experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design with three replications. The harvest was done when the plants reached at dough stage. The harvested plant were chopped, filled in 2 kg plastic drums in 3 repetitions and stored during the fermentation period, at 25±2 °C in a dry and out of direct sunlight indoor environment. Silage yield, physical quality characteristics, Flieg score, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid content, pH level, dry matter content, crude protein content, condensed tannin content, relative feed value (RFV), and some minerals contents were determined. Silage yields of the varieties were 5665.43 kg da-1 (Kalideas) 9971.30 kg da-1 (Sakarya), Flieg score 46.52 (Kolessous) - 98.59 (PR31G98), crude protein ratio 6.45% (Samada-07) - 8.95 (Ada-9510), relative feed value varied between 82.79 (Kolessous)-137.19 (ADA-9516). The highest lactic acid was from Arifiye (3.316), Sakarya (2.636%), Larigal (3.064%), Sy-Gladius (3.062%), and Dekalp 6308 (3.154%) varieties. The silages obtained from silage corn varieties, K content are between 1.867% (Kerbanis) and 3.203% (Kolessous), P content is 4.453% (Kalessous), 0.320% (SY-İnove), Ca content is 0.213% (Kerbanis)-0.490 (Kolessous) and The Mg content varied between 0.110% (Kerbanis)-0.217 (Dekalp 6308). As a result of the study, it was determined that silages made from Arifiye, Sakarya, Larigal, Sy-Antex, Sy-Gladius, PR31G98, P9027 and Dekalp varieties outperformed in terms of silage yield and quality characteristics which was investigated from other maize varieties in Bilecik ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to evaluate the levels of knowledge and implementation on food safety management systems of managers and staff in four and five-star hotel enterprises in Antalya. The research was included 153 hotel businesses; 65 of them are four-star, 88 of them are five-star. Research data were collected in September-November 2021 period. The collected data was analyzed with statistical package program SPSS 28.0. Frequency tests and Chi-Square tests were applied to data. All of the hotel managers participating in the study reported that their businesses had ISO 22000 (HACCP) Food Safety Management System. It has been determined that the most uncomfortable step working as manager, during the implementation of the HACCP system is the registration and documentation in phase. In the study, it was determined that the frequency of renewal of food safety was every year in 49 % of the enterprises and every month in 31.4 %, and 6.5 % of them never renewed. All of the staff were found to have information on food safety and hygiene. In hotel businesses, 96.2% of the kitchen staff working were regularly in service training. All of the staff undergo health checks before starting work, and 57.7 % of the staff renew their health checks once a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of propagation materials (cut planting and seedling planting method) on yield and quality characteristics of oil rose. In the study, which was carried out according to the experimental design of divided plots, flower harvesting was carried out in the plots at the beginning of flowering, in the middle and at the end. According to the harvest times, flower diameter, petal content and 100 flower weights decreased from the beginning to the end of flowering. While flower yield was highest in the mid-flowering period, no difference was observed in flower yield according to propagation materials. The essential oil content decreased during the flowering period and the highest was obtained from the cutting planting method compared to the propagation materials. The essential oil yield was higher in the cutting planting method. When the essential oil components were examined, the content of ß-citronellol increased from the beginning to the end of flowering in both propagation materials, while the content of geraniol increased from the beginning to the middle of flowering in both propagation materials, and decreased rapidly towards the end of flowering. As a result; seedling planting method can be recommended especially in regions where diseases and pests are concentrated or in organically planned productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the oleogels of cold pressed hazelnut oil with sunflowerseed wax (SWO) and polyglycerol stearate (PGSO) were prepared and characterized. Organogelator concentration was 10% by weight. The oleogels contained important portions of unsaturated fatty acids but the content of palmitic acid in PGSO sample was enhanced. The oil binding capacities were over 99%, and the jel formation times were less than 4 minutes in both samples, and they had creamy yellow color values. Quite stable oleogels included (SWO) and (PGSO) polymorph crystal types. The melting peak temperatures of SWO and PGSO samples were determined as 62.4 and 47.9°C, respectively. SWO sample showed 110-130 kPa storage modulus values, and they were much higher than that of the PGSO sample (13-14 kPa). Consequently, the SWO sample was much harder and solid. Both oleogel samples presented mechanical and thermal recovery abilities. The cross-over point of the PGSO sample was around 62°C, and it had a gel-like structure until this temperature. It was concluded that both oleogel samples were quite suitable as a solid fat source in terms of technological properties for uses in many food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, it was aimed to determine the yield and quality characteristics of Bozcaada Cavusu (Vitis vinifera L.) grape variety using Kuntra (Karasakız) and Vasilaki grape varieties as pollinators. In this context; average yield (g vinestock-1), cluster width (cm), cluster length (cm), cluster compactness (1-9), cluster weight (g cluster-1), cluster length/width, cluster number (number vinestock-1), berry width (mm), berry length (mm), berry weight (g berry-1), berry length/berry width, number of berry (number cluster-1), average number of seeds (number berry-1), the thickness of grape skin (mm), color of grape skin (L, Chroma and °Hue), total soluble solids (%), pH, acidity (%) and maturity index (TSS% acidity%-1) parameters were investigated. The research was planned as 10 replications with one vinestock in each replication. In the vineyard established with Kuntra variety as pollinator, average yield (2756.1 g vinestock-1), cluster width (10.22 cm), cluster length (13.85 cm), cluster weight (280.16 g cluster-1), berry width (20.73 mm), berry length (23.12 mm), berry weight (6.63 g/berry) and the number of berry (40.36 number cluster-1) of Bozcaada Cavusu grape variety were found to be higher than those from the vineyard established with Vasilaki variety as pollinator. Alternatively in the vineyard established with Vasilaki variety as pollinator, cluster length/cluster width (1.498), berry length/berry width (1.140), the thickness of berry skin (0.086 mm), TSS% (18.17%), pH (3.51) and maturity index (31.42) of Bozcaada Cavusu grape variety were higher than those from the vineyard established with Kuntra variety as pollinator. The higher berry number and average yield of Bozcaada Cavusu grape variety in the vineyard established with Kuntra variety as pollinator relatively delayed the development of berry and maturity. Thus, it was concluded that with the later harvest of the Bozcaada Cavusu grape variety, it could contribute to the extension of the limited harvest period in Bozcaada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in 2020 to determine the silage quality of 5 different switchgrass (Alamo, Cave in Rock, Cloud Nine, Kanlow and Shawnee) grown in Bingol University Agricultural Research and Application Area. The plants were harvested 10-15 days after the flowering period, the fragmented plant samples were filled into plastic drums and left to fermentation for 45 days at room temperature. In silage materials; physical score, dry matter ratio, pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), digestible dry matter (DRM) ratio, dry matter intake (DMI) ratio, relative feed value (RFV), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), lactic acid (LA) and propionic acid (PA) contents were examined. According to the results of the research, it was found statistically significant at the p≤0.01 level among the switchgrass cultivars in all of the examined characteristics. Accordingly, the varieties; between 7-11 points in terms of physical score, 40.21-47.21% dry matter rate, 4.32-4.59% pH value, 40.72-49.67% ADF rate, 55.6563.65% NDF rate, ADL rate 12.50-15.07%, crude protein rate 4.82%-8.42%, digestible dry matter rate 50.20-57.17%, dry matter intake rate 1.90-2.17%, relative feed value 73.35-95.57, AA ratio 0.70-1.38%, BA ratio 0.02-0.29%, LA ratio 1.001.86% and PA ratio between 0.012-0.034% detected. According to the data obtained from this research, it was determined that the best quality silage could be obtained from Cloud Nine cultivar in switchgrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christianity attaches importance to the love of people. Besides, it has a special interest in the love between God and man and places it at the center of faith. Christian mystics also saw love not only as the purpose of being but as a means to help us reach God. According to the Christian mystics, whose practices exemplified God’s love, God as the creator of human being wants people to love each other in the name of Him and thus reach immortal life. Divine love is an end for the mystic, and love means surrendering to the loved one, namely God, because man can gain eternity only through love. In this context, Eckhart, who has adopted the search for divine love as a principle, was inspired by the words “God is love,” which finds expression in his philosophy in the form of three types of love. The philosopher directs the basic presupposition that God is love toward a purpose through his separation of love, which he considers as progression from natural love to divine love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the quality parameters of alfalfa silage made by adding 5% and 10% apples to fresh alfalfa were evaluated. For this purpose, laboratory silos were prepared by adding two different levels of Altınçekirdek apples to the alfalfa dry matter was increased with the addition of 5% wheat straw. The control group and experimental groups were formed from 10 replications. The silages prepared in one liter jars were opened after 60 days. Physical and chemical analyzes were made on silage samples. All silages were scored as "Medium quality" in terms of odor, appearance and color. It was determined that the effect of adding apple to alfalfa silage on dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was not statistically significant compared to the control group. It was detected that the pH values of the silages were between 5.46 - 5.72, but there was no significant difference between the groups. It was determined that lactic acid (LA) level increased significantly with 10% apple addition, and acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) levels decreased significantly in silages (p<0.05). It was observed that there was no significant difference in butyric acid level between groups. Ammonia-bound nitrogen (NH33N-TN) ratios in total nitrogen of silages containing 10% apple were found to be significantly higher than the control group silages (p<0.05). As a result, it has been concluded that 10% apples added to alfalfa silage improved the silage quality, but in future studies, better results can be obtained with the addition of apple in alfalfa silages with higher dry matter levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of that today’s tea consumers are conscious and selective, it is observed that tea factories emphasize quality, hygiene and food safety from purchasing fresh tea to packaging, and they do these according to certain standards. Quality and hygiene officers take on important duties in this process. In this study, the applicability of ISO standards for tea factories in Trabzon, Giresun and Rize with ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System was analyzed. This study has a qualitative research design, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the quality and hygiene managers of three factories with ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System certificate. The obtained data were analyzed using the content analysis method. As a result, it has been determined that factories have some problems about food safety, and in order to solve these problems, factory owners must first fully believe that ISO 22000 is beneficial. Additionally, some problems encountered by the participating enterprises during the implementation stages of ISO 22000 standards were revealed and it was concluded that ISO 22000 systems are applicable and beneficial in tea factories when the necessary resources for the system are provided and the necessary structure for training, personnel, production area and warehouse management is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the effect of ozone treatments on the quality and microbial load of fresh-cut leek cv. 'Lincoln' during cold storage were investigated. Harvested leek samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and divided into 3 groups for treatments. After fresh-cut processes, ozone treated (1 and 2 ppm) and control samples were packaged in polystyrene foam tray covered with stretch film (16 µ) and stored for 30 days at 0 ± 1 ° C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH). Some quality analysis including weight loss (%), pseudo stem firmness (N) and colour (L*,C*and h°), total soluble solids (%), respiration rate (mL CO2 kg-1h-1), titratable acidity (g 100 mL-1), microbial load and sensory evaluation were performed at 6 day intervals during storage. Ozone treatments decreased weight loss of fresh-cut leeks compared to control. In the present study, the pseudo stem firmness in all treatments decreased with increasing storage time. The 2 ppm ozone was the best treatment for suppressing respiration rate and maintaining TA of leek during cold storage, although the effect of treatments on TA was not statistically significant. 2 ppm ozone treated leeks had lower yeast, mold and bacteria counts compared to other treatments. As a result, it was determined that fresh-cut leek stems treated with ozonated water (1-2 ppm) could be stored for 30 days at 0 ± 1 ° C and 90 ± 5% RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine some quality characteristics of dried chicken cubes after coloring with vacuum impregnation. For this purpose, hibiscus extracts of different concentrations (1, 2 and 4°Bx) were impregnated into chicken breast cubes for 2 hours at 25°C, and then colored cubes were dried in a convection dryer at 60°C. pH values of hibiscus extracts were between 2.07- 2.27. Moisture content of colored cubes by using hibiscus extract was between 33.77-35.18% and, pH value was between 4.42-5.06. At high hibiscus concentration (4°Bx), cubes were darker colored, and total amount of monomeric anthocyanin was higher (50.75 mg/kg). In addition, as concentration increased, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of samples also increased. The results show that vacuum impregnation can be used successfully in both coloring and enrichment of chicken meat with functional compounds. However, it is important to optimize application conditions according to desired final product properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine some quality criteria of catfish (Silurus glanis) fishballs enriched with flax and chia seeds at different rates (4% and 8%). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), psychrotrophic bacteria, yeast-mold, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH and sensory levels on certain days of storage (1, 7, and 14 days) of fishballs investigated in terms of quality parameters. According to the results of microbiological analysis, the number of bacteria in the ball samples enriched with flax and chia seeds was lower than in the control group samples, and an increase was detected in all groups in parallel with the storage period (p<0.05). While TVB-N and pH values were higher in the control group, TBARS value was higher in the fishballs supplemented with flax and chia seeds. When the sensory analysis results were examined, the control group was the most liked group among all groups except tissue during storage. In our study, it was observed that the addition of flax and chia seeds had a positive effect on the quality criteria in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the shrinking agricultural lands, it becomes very important to minimize the pre-harvest and post-harvest losses in agricultural production due to the constantly increasing population. In this study, thyme and lavender oil were applied to the fruits of the 'Fuji' variety of apple species with high ethylene production, with the aim of minimizing post-harvest losses, and the possibilities of being an alternative to 1-MCP, which is the most widely used commercially, were investigated in terms of results. Although promising results were obtained in the short and medium term in terms of weight loss, the effectiveness of the applications decreased with the increase in storage time. At the end of the 9-month storage period, it was determined that approximately 34.6% of fruit weight loss occurred in the control group, while these values were determined as 23.6%, 26.4% and 27.5% in the promising 400 ppm thyme, 500 and 600 ppm lavender applications, and similar results were obtained with 1-MCP (27.5%). Titratable acidity (TEA), which was determined as 0.33% before storage, showed a regular decrease during the storage period and was measured as 0.13% at the end of the storage period in the control group. As expected, the water-soluble dry matter increased in the early period of storage and decreased continuously afterwards. In line with the ninemonth storage results, it was concluded that 400 ppm thyme and 500 ppm lavender applications are promising in minimizing the loss of SÇKM and TEA. In terms of all the properties examined, it can be said that 400 ppm thyme and 500 ppm lavender applications can be alternatives to 1-MCP in order to reduce post-harvest losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, which was carried out in the 2016/2017 sugar beet production season in Burdur, it was aimed to determine the effects of foliar fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera). In the research, 8 different foliar fertilizers were used, including Aminofol, Batguano, Borzinc, Comozink, Flora-X, Foton, Humatex-SF, Liquid vermicompost, which are recommended for sugar beet agriculture. Biological yield, leaf yield, root yield, polar sugar ratio and polar sugar yield were found to be statistically significant in the properties examined in the study. The highest leaf yield (1055.7 kg/da), root yield (6947.0 kg/da), biological yield (7896.3 kg/da) and polar sugar yield (1248.0 kg/da) were obtained when Photon foliar fertilizer was applied. Polar sugar ratio was highest in Foton (17.96%) and Flora-X (17.81%) foliar fertilizer applications. The other foliar fertilizers used also contributed positively to the yield at different rates. It was concluded that these studies should be carried out in different locations for many years in order to reach a definite result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed to determine yield and quality components of corn hybrids under water deficiency in Aydın ecological condition in 2021. Five corn hybrids (M14G44, P2085, DKC6980, TORRO and SYFUERZA) were grown under full and deficit irrigation (100% and 60% field capacity respectively) levels. According to findings obtained unfilled cob height ranged between 14.0 mm and 34.3 mm, number of seeds per ear ranged between 389 and 711, ear diameter changed from 42.6 to 54.3 mm, thousand seed weight ranged between 249.6 and 367.6 g, grain yield ranged between 7573 and 18570 kg ha-1. In terms of quality characteristics, crude ash ratio was observed between 1.27% and 2.15%, crude oil ratio was between 2.13% and 4.18%, crude fiber ratio was between 1.95% and 2.45%, crude protein ratio was between 7.93% and 11.62% and crude starch ratio was between 57.42% and 64.63%. The results showed that full irrigation level has statistically significant effect on yield and yield components with increasing levels. It was found that all cultivars have generally high yield potential under the current ecological conditions (100% water). In addition, the irrigation level should be above 60% of the field capacity for economic production. Considering one year results and in terms of grain yield, it can be said that SYFUERZA variety is promising in tolerating limited irrigation, while P2085 variety is more sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many parameters which are affected the herbal products quality. It was aimed to determine the effects of location and harvesting time on essential oil content of rosemary and some quality parameters of the oil. Plant materials were harvested one month intervals during two years (2018-2019) at three different location on Mediterrenean region, this region is main wild growing area for rosemary. Essential oil content, refractive index, optical activity and specific gravity analyzes were carried out for these plant materials. While, location has statistically significant effect on all quality parameters, harvesting time has important effect essential oil content and optical activity parameters. In terms of essential oil ratio, which is one of the important quality parameters of rosemary, the highest essential oil content was determined the plant harvested from Adana-Karaisalı according to location. And, the highest volatile oil content was obtained at the samples collected in July with respect to harvesting time. As a result, in order to determine the appropriate harvest time for each location should be evaluated before rosemary processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new varieties when reached the farmes with the recommended cultivation techniques can increase both yield and net income. Agronomy packages for newly released varieties is also important for above given targets. For this purpose, newly improved two-row Akar and Burakbey feding barley varieties were tested for various sowing ratios (i.e.300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 grains m-2). Field trials were carried out at the Gölbaşı/İkizce Research Station of Field Crops Central Research Institute (TARM) Directorate, in the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 crop growing seasons under cereals-fallow crop rotation. Field trials were set up employing randomized block design with three replications for each variety. The optimum sowing rates for varieties were estimated referring the yield, yield components, some of quality parameters, physical yield and seed production of the cultivars. It was concluded that, the number of seeds highest grain yield (430.30 kg da-1) for Akar was 700 seeds m-2 and the economic optimum rate was 569.57 seeds m-2, 600 and 700 seeds m-2 for Burak bey resulted in 531.21 and 546.13 kg da-1 grain yields respectively. Economic optimum rate was 584.98 seeds m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the work initiated by the World Health Organization with the slogan "Safe blood begins with me", the understanding of quality in blood banking and transfusion medicine has begun to be felt more clearly. In our country, quality studies in transfusion medicine gained momentum with the "Safe blood supply project". For blood service units, quality has gone beyond the understanding of "write what you do, do what you write" and become a part of the safe blood supply process. The fact that the understanding of the quality management system made its presence felt more intensely created the need for blood service units to express the positive contributions of the quality management system with concrete indicators. Monitoring the processes in transfusion medicine with the quality indicators to be established can be the targeted concrete evidence. Quality indicators are also important for evaluating and comparing the performances of blood service units. There are various studies on establishing quality indicators in transfusion medicine at national and international level. However, quality indicators for transfusion centers were barely mentioned in these studies. There are no standardized quality indicators for transfusion centers at the national level. In our article, we evaluated the deficiencies in quality indicators in blood banking and transfusion medicine in Turkey. We have developed exemplary quality indicators by making use of international and national studies. We believe that in the future, more comprehensive studies will be carried out and standardized blood banking and transfusion medicine quality indicators approved by the competent authority will be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the websites in Turkey that provide information on fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) by readability, content and quality. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 websites on fibromyalgia were included in the descriptive study. Ateşman's Flech readability formula, Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) guide, website usability scale (WUS) was used in the evaluation. Results: 28.8% (23) of the websites belong to corporate, 2.5% (2) to the association, 53.8% (43) to personal, 3.8% (3) to commercial, 11.3% (9) to media organs. The most cited symptom was pain at 97.5% (78) and the least mentioned symptom was loss of libido at 2.5% (3). The most cited treatment was medical treatment with 82.5% (66) and exercise with 76.3% (61). The median of the Ateşman Flesch readability score of the websites in general was 55.55 [minimum (min): 21, maximum (max): 72.4), the median DISCERN score was 30 (min: 20, max: 56), the WUS score was 100 (min: 88, max: 119) found as. Conclusion: This study revealed that Turkish websites that provide information to patients about FM have poor content, low site quality, difficult to read, and high usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of quality in higher education has become more important in recent years with the widespread use of quality. In this context, studies and research to ensure quality and accreditation have increased, and the Turkish Higher Education Quality Board (THEQC) has been established and has been authorized to carry out quality-related evaluation and accreditation activities in Turkey. Accordingly, universities have been encouraged to carry out all their activities within the framework of previously determined evaluation and accreditation criteria. It is a natural situation that these studies, which aim to ensure competitiveness, efficiency, transparency, the satisfaction of internal and external stakeholders, internationalization, and to ensure that the program teaching objectives are successfully achieved, affect scientific publishing studies of the university like other all activities. University scientific publishing is one of the activities carried out by universities for learning and teaching, research and development, and social contribution. However, when the evaluation and accreditation criteria are reviewed, it is not seen that there is a direct mention of university scientific publishing. In this sense, there is a need to determine the position, contribution, and management style of university scientific publishing activities within the quality studies and whose implementations continue within the framework of legal legislation. In this study, the current status of university scientific publishing, its position in quality processes, its relationship with evaluation and accreditation criteria are discussed. By doing so, it is aimed to introduce a perspective so that university scientific publishing activities, which are not directly included in the evaluation and accreditation criteria, can be carried out within the framework of quality criteria. At the point of establishing this connection in the study, firstly, the legal regulations and current status of university scientific publishing were determined by the document analysis method. Regards to quality, the Rubric-Based Evaluation System used in the evaluation and accreditation processes of universities offered by THEQC has been taken into consideration as a basis. It is considered that the study is important as it guides the universities involved in the evaluation and accreditation processes to manage their scientific publishing activities according to the process. It is also thought that it will contribute to the execution of university scientific publishing activities within the framework of quality criteria. As discussed in detail in the study, it is seen that scientific publishing activities are related to many sub-criteria under the titles of quality assurance system, learning, and teaching, research and development, social contribution, and management system. Accordingly, it has been found that the university scientific publications have a relationship with many criteria such as using them as learning materials, taking measures for students who need a special approach, reaching research and development goals, determining the university's policies, setting goals, reaching local, regional and international goals, internationalization, evaluating the performance of the lecturers/academics, managing the processes, sharing with the public, accountability, human and financial resources management, information security and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an intense competitive environment, the most important factor to gain advantage and to increase profitability for many businesses is quality. Quality costs are important criteria in ensuring quality. Quality costs, which have been used widely in recent years, have a significant influence on profitability and productivity of enterprises. In this study, our aim is to see its effect on the profitability of an enterprise in the Iron and Steel industry in Turkey, by examining quality costs, within the framework of Feigebaum's PAF Model. In this study, the data from 2016 and 2017 are used, and the "Case Study Method" is preferred because it allows an in-depth review and tangible data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mung bean species, whose origin is India, has been grown to use in human nutrition for many years in our country. The aim of this study, was determined to use as potential forage after genotypes, cultivated in Turkey, and varieties, obtained from foreign, harvest the residue. 18 genotypes and 4 registered mung bean varieties ((Jade-AU, Vidiyala, Partow ve Kalkınısh) were used as seed material in the study.The study was carried out at the Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture experiment fields according to completely random plot trial design in factorial arrangement with three replications in 2019. The stems, leaves and pod wall remaining after the seed harvest were used as plant parts. It was examined asit detergent fiber content (ADF), nötr detergent fiber content (NDF), asit detergent lignin content (ADL), cellulose, total digestible nutrition (TDN), relative feed value (RFV) and metabolic energy (ME) parameters. According to obtained the data were varied between ADF content 24.40 34.11%, NDF content 37.72 - 46.92%, ADL content 6.19 - 9.93%, TDN content 57.30 - 69.84%, cellulose content 15.92 - 24.17%, RFV 142.07 - 193.46 and ME 8.61 - 9.89 MJ kg-1. Although the ADF, NDF, ADL and cellulose content in the plant parts has high values in pod husk but, the desired values in terms of feed value were determined in stem part. Leaves were had high value in point of TDN, RFV and ME. As a result, the best forage values were determined in the stem part of the plant residues, and among the mung bean genotypes and cultivars, 21 B 01 and 27 S 08 genotypes were determined. According to the results obtained, mung bean genotypes are thought to be a potential feed in animal nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the physical quality properties of Mürdüm plums were determined by using different drying methods. For this purpose, samples were dipped in a solution of 1% NaOH for a minute at 55°C. Then, samples were dried in two groups (whole with seeds and halves without seeds) by solar dying or microwave drying at three different power levels (450, 720 and 900W) until the moisture content of 18%. Total dry matter, drying time, color, water activity, rehydration rate, free bulk density, particle density, shrinkage and texture values of dried whole and half plum samples were determined. Results indicated that drying time decreased with an increase in microwave power level. In whole dried plums, different drying methods resulted in a significant change in L, a, E, H, rehydration rate, free bulk density, particle density, shrinkage, internal stickiness, chewability and elasticity (p<0.05); however, it was observed that there was insignificant differences in b value, water activity, hardness, adhesiveness and flexibility values between drying methods (p>0.05). Different drying methods, internal L, a, b, ΔE, H values, rehydration ratio, free bulk density, particle density, shrinkage, hardness, adhesiveness, flexibility, internal stickiness, chewiness and elasticity values of plums dried in half were influenced significatnly (p<0.05). However, it was determined that there was insignificant effect (p>0.05) on external L, a, b, ΔE, H values and water activity. Compared to microwave dried products, it was observed that the brightness values of plums that were solar-dried were better preserved. As the microwave power level increased, the rehydration rates of plums increased. For plums dried at three different power levels, 900W microwave application is recommended as the shortest drying time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food manufacturers have focused on the production of minimally processed foods as an alternative to the use of preservatives and traditional heat treatments in order to protect quality and extend shelf life. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials is preferred. Oleoresins which are rich in natural antimicrobials, are a mixture of essential oil and resin extracted from plants. In this study, the tomato soup was enriched with thyme oleoresin, and the minimum inhibition concentration value of oleoresin on the target microorganism, Bacillus coagulans, at heat treatment of tomato based product was determined. The changes on the physical and chemical quality characteristics of the product were determined. The D90 value of the B. coagulans in tomato soup was found as 3.67 min. while this value was found as 2.58 min. for the bacteria in the soup which contains thyme oleoresin. It was concluded that soup with thyme oleoresin had higher lycopene and brightness values than the control (without oleoresin) group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality changes of three different fish species (local salmon: YS, bream: Ç, sea bass: L) were examined at 0., 2., and 4. days with the help of some physical parameters that were rarely studied and were not much included in the literature. In this context, the electrical conductivity value (mS cm-1 ) of the samples increased between 9.52% and 104% depending on the samples and storage. Surface tension values decreased by increasing the storage time. In Ç samples, this value declined rapidly from 42.56 mN m-1 to 16.20 mN m-1 on the second day of storage (p <0.05). The dielectric loss factor (ε″) increased in all samples depending on the analysis period. According to the sensory evaluation results, while the Ç and L samples are considered as non-consumable as of the second day, it has been observed that the dielectric loss factor of these samples increased from 419.72 to 491.07 and from 408.21 to 430.7, respectively. On the other hand, no significant results were obtained with particle size (PB) and polydispersity index (PDI) values. Commonly used pH analysis results have been found to confirm these changes as pH values increased by increasing storage times. In this context, the results of this study have shown that the quality of the rapidly perishable products can be successfully demonstrated with different and fast innovative analysis methods. Moreover, a novel study has been presented that is also a guide for other studies and the food processing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out in Bingöl University Genc Vocational School experiment area in the summer of 2019 to determine the forage yield and the quality of different quinoa genotypes grown in Bingöl ecological conditions. In the research, 9 different quinoa genotypes (Cherry Vanilla, French Vanilla, Read Head, Rainbow, Titicaca, Population-Chinese, Moqu-Arrochilla, Oro de Valle, and Q-52) obtained from the Field Crops Department of the Faculty of Agriculture of Iğdır University were used as plant material. The study was set up in a randomized block design with 4 replications. In our study, data on plant height, plant stem thickness, green herbage, dry herbage and crude protein yields, crude protein, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter intake (DMI), and digestible dry matter (DDM) ratios, and relative feed value (RFV) were examined. According to the results; It has been determined that there are statistically significant differences between genotypes in terms of all traits examined. Among these parameters, the highest values in terms of plant stem thickness, dry matter, green herbage, and crude protein yields were obtained from the Q-52 genotype, while the highest values in terms of other parameters were obtained from the Population-Chinese genotype. It is suggested that this study should be carried out for a few more years in Bingöl conditions. However, according to the results of our one-year study, it is seen that the most suitable Quinoa genotypes are Q-52 and Population-Chinese genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for sesame seeds and their products, which have traditionally been used for centuries as a cure for human nutrition and diseases, has increased in recent years due to a better understanding of their positive effects on nutrition and health. In this study, some seed and oil properties of Golden (Gökova) Sesame, almost all of which are exported, were determined. The thousand grain weight of sesame seeds was 3.40 g, the crude protein rate was 20.24% and the crude oil rate was 50.05%. Seed color analysis average values L*, a*, b*, c* and h respectively; 55.78, 10.35, 29.88, 31.62 and 70.89. While the total antioxidant capacity was determined as 1405.53 mg trolox equivalents/100g, the total phenolic content was found to be 483.34 mg gallic acid equivalents/100g. As a result of the analyzes made in the oils of sesame samples; palmitic acid ratio 9.45%, oleic acid ratio 40.46%, linoleic acid ratio 42.57% and stearic acid ratio 4.96%. Sesamol, Sesamin and Sesamoline amounts of sesame lignans were found as 0.076 µg/g oil, 12.278 mg/g oil, and 0.906 mg/g oil, respectively. Average a-tocopherol was found as 1.57 µg/g, a-tocotrienol was found as 1.22 µg/g, ?-tocopherol was found as 47.59 µg/g, and total tocopherol was found as 49.17 µg/g in sesame seed oils. Sesame oil color analysis values L*, a*, b*, c* and h respectively; 93.34, -1.57, 30.37, 30.41 and 92.99. The refractive index (20°C), iodine number, saponification number, free fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter values respectively; 1.47, 107.86, 186.4 mgKOH/g oil, 0.82% and 1.74 g/kg. It was determined that the quality criteria detected in the Golden (Gökova) Sesame samples were in accordance with the literature data and mostly gave better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of current study was to determine silage quality traits of leafy “L” and semi-leafy “SL” forage pea varieties (Pisum arvense L) and annual ryegrass “R” (Lolium multiflorum var. westervoldicum L.) mixtures (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100%). The harvested materials were chopped in size of 2 cm, and they filled into vacuum bags, and then let for fermentation at 25±2 oC for 45 days. In this study; dry matter, pH, crude protein, crude ash, some organic acids, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and cobalt (Co) contents were determined. The highest crude protein content was determined sole forage pea silages (16.31% and 15.73%) and 80L+20R% (15.58%) mixture. According to the Flieg score, leaf forage pea (97.51) and 80L+20R% (99.19) silages have the highest value and, they were in very good quality class. ADF and NDF content of silages ranged between 25.87-30.24% and 34.55-45.53%, respectively. The highest lactic acid was determined in 100R% (4.448%), 80L+20R% (4.250%), 40L+60R% (3.523%) and 20L+80R% (3.885%). The mineral content of silages were at a level to meet the needs of the livestock. As a result, it was determined that the mixture of leafy forage pea and ryegrass 80+20% silage was better in terms of silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bee venom (BAZ), also known as apitoxin, is a protein and peptide-rich external secretion produced by the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) for use in colony defense. Due to its rich chemical content, apitoxin has widespread use in cosmetics and health, especially in apitherapy. Achieving the intended success in apitherapy is directly related to the quality and quantity of the products used. For this reason, when it uses for apitherapy treat, it is crucial that the process from raw material production to the end product is controlled and in accordance with quality standards. The honey bee venom production is a newly emerged product for commercial production in Turkey. For this reason, there are debates about the factors affecting the quality of the venom in terms of both the amount of production and the composition of the venom. In this review, it is aimed to create solutions to these discussions by searching the previous studies conducted to determine the content of honey bee venom and the factors affecting the production amount. In the studies, the effects of the devices used in the production of honey bee venom, the site of the venom collection device in the hive, the collection period and collection time, seasonal change, honey bee race and behavior, bee age, and storage conditions on the amount and quality of the venom were discussed in detail. In addition, detailed information was aimed to be given by investigating the effect of venom collection on colony performance and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life is an important concept for humanity. This concept, while it is affected by societies cultural and historical developments, developments in quality case effects perception of quality of life (QoL). Principles of QoL can be identified as basic necessities which is beneficial to human nature and pschology. To sum up, QoL criteria can be defined as principles which are beyond the biological and psychological basic needs of life but also satisfying and life-facilitating. Examination of Architectural construction with QoL which is an interdisciplinary subject and number of researches are increasing. Specially housing architecture which is our living area highly affects the QoL. Furthermore, when quality concept is considered in the context of architecture, It evokes some ideas like comfortable living, functionality, sociologic states, ergonomy, naturalness. As a result of these ideas, It can be understood that housing architecture which is our living area highly affects the QoL. In this sense, as famous architect Gaetan Siew said, ―Architecture is the key of QoL‖. In this study, it is generally examined that traditional Mudurnu houses architectural characteristics while focusing on architectures effects on QoL. It is argued the relationship between architecture and QoL. The objective of this study is to draw attention on effects of generally traditional architecture on QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality standards of cotton need to be determined over the years. Because cotton is an industrial product, so it is very important that the yield is high and the quality characteristics are at the desired standard. This study was carried out to determine the quality standards of cotton samples taken from 21 ginning factories producing in Şanlıurfa in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The analysis of the samples were made in Şanlıurfa Commodity Exchange. In particular, quality standards such as LEN (length), STR (strength), ELG (elongation), + B (yellowness), TR-CNT (trash count) and TR-GRADE (trash grade) have been analyzed. As a result, the investigated features remained below the standards in percentage. Among the ginning systems, it has been determined that the effect of sawgin machines on cotton quality properties is better and should be preferred. Findings obtained from this study may be a guide for future studies to eliminate some of the problems about cotton standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for roughage required for animals are provided from meadows and pastures and sources such as fresh forage, hay, silage and haylage obtained from field agriculture. In periods when the weather is hot, meadow-pastures come to the fore as the source of roughage, and as the weather begins to cool, silage has become common. The aim of current study was to determine the fermentation traits of sole and binary mixtures (80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80%) of forage pea “FP” (Pisum arvense L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) “O”. Plants were harvested and chopped in size of 2 cm in size. Then, they were filled in plastic bags according to the mixture ratios, and stored at 25 ± 2 °C for 45 days. End of the 45. day, silo samples were investigated for dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein ratio, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic/acetic acid ratio, and some mineral nutrients (potassium, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, and iron). According to the Flieg score, silages have the highest value excepted sole forage pea and, they were in good quality class of silage. The highest crude protein content was determined in sole forage pea (19.36%), 80FP+20O% (17.91%) and 60FP+40O% (17.61%). The ratio of lactic/acetic acid, which is the stimulant of fermentation development and reveals the homofermentative character, was determined in the mixture of 9.455% with in 60FP+40O%. Mineral nutrients in all treatments were found within the livestock requirement excepted sole silages. As a result, it was determined that the mixture of forage pea and oat 80+20% and 60+40% silages were better in terms of silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming more and more difficult for the rapidly increasing population to have adequate and balanced nutrition with the production obtained from the fragmented and decreasing agricultural areas. Therefore, it is of great importance to determine genotypes that are well adapted to the changing ecological conditions of the region, morphologically and physiologically appropriate; yield and quality characteristics are good in meeting the increasing nutritional needs. In this study, physiological properties, such as NDVI (normalized vegetation difference index) and SPAD (chlorophyll content) and some quality properties (protein content, starch content, wet gluten content, zeleny sedimentation value and hectoliter weight) in some bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under Diyarbakır conditions were investigated. The study was carried out in the research and application area of Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture in Diyarbakır in rainy conditions during the 2018-2019 production season. The experiment was designed as randomized block design with 3 replications. In this study, materials were used as follows: four check cultivars (Dinç, Ceyhan 99, Empire and Pehlivan) which are grown intensively in the region and 16 advanced bread wheat lines obtained from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). It was determined that SPAD measurements were associated with protein, gluten, and sedimentation parameters. In addition, it was concluded that when SPAD and NDVI measurements are taken correctly in different growth stages of the plant, it can be considered as selection criteria in breeding studies. DZ20-E6 lines in terms of physiological properties and quality characteristics have superiority over standard varieties and other lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to determine the quality values of the silages obtained by mixing some sole grown cool season cereals (barley, rye, oat and triticale) with Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in different proportions. Oat (Faikbey), barley (Kendal), triticale (Esin), rye (Aslım-95) and common vetch (Ayaz 08) species were used as materials in the experiment. The research was carried out in Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department trial field in the winter term of 2019- 2020. Applications were consisted of sole barley (A), rye (D), triticale (T), oat (Y) and common vetch (YF) and their mixtures with cereals (B) (at rates of 75% YF: 25B, 50YF: 50B and 25YF: 75B). For the obtained silages, the average pH value, dry matter ratio, crude protein ratio, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (SKM) ratio, dry matter intake (KMT) and the relative feed value (NYD) were 5.39, 24.55%, 10.95%, 37.92%, 59.10%, 59.36%, 2.08% 96.77, respectively. When the results were evaluated in terms of all properties, mixtures of any cereal with 75% common vetch resulted with high crude protein (CP) ratio, low ADF, NDF ratios and high NYD values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, farmers have started to give importance to silage production of solve the roughage problem. Although corn is generally preferred for silage production, there has been an increase in the silage production of mixtures of different plants in recent years. The aim of the current study was to determine the silage quality of mixtures (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80%) of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) "C" white clover (Trifolium repens L) "WC", and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) "OG". Plants were harvested and chopped in size of 2 cm in size. Then, they were filled in vacuum bags and stored at 25 ± 2 oC for 45 days. End of the 45th. day, silo samples were investigated for dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein ratio, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid ratios with potassium, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum contents. The Flieg score of the silages ranged from 75.60 to 99.62, and the silages were good and very good in the quality class. The highest crude protein content was determined in sole white clover (19.11%), 40C+60 WC% (18.26%), and 20C+80WC% (18.39%), while the lowest was 12.11% (100 OG %). Acetic and butyric acid ranged between 0.048-0.224% and 0.002-0.015%, respectively. The highest lactic acid was determined 3.088% (100 OG %), 2.925% (20C+80OG %), 2.739% (20C+80WC %), and 2.811% (40C+60WC %). Chicory and white clover mixtures showed superior performance in terms of mineral contents. Accordingly, when all silage quality properties are evaluated together; it was found that silages obtained from the mixture of 40:60 and 20:80 of chicory and white clover are better than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]