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Copyright of Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of GALATASARAY UNIVERSITESI HUKUK FAKULTESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Küreselleşmeyle beraber pek çok alanda değişim ve dönüşümler meydana gelmiş, merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerde bu değişim dönüşümlerden nasibini almıştır. Merkezi yönetimlerin yapılarında bir zayıflama görülürken, yerel yönetimler de ise ortaya çıkan değişim ve dönüşümler sonucu etkinliğin arttığı görülmektedir. Küreselleşme ve yerelleşme süreci ile birlikte yenidünya düzeninde hız kazanan bölgeselleşme politikaları da ülkeler arasında yeni yönetsel anlayışların ve kalkınma modellerinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma ile küreselleşme sürecinin beraberinde getirdiği yerelleşme sürecinin popüler aktörü haline gelen Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları’nın ortaya çıkış süreci ve etkinliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Local governments are at the forefront of administrative units with critical tasks in meeting local needs. However, they have difficulties in fulfilling their duties due to the problems arising from the distribution of duties, powers and resources which are related to the central government. In particular, the legislative arrangements and practice examples that the country's administration has undergone in the context of centralization or localization policies have significantly affected the dimension of these problems. This work will primarily focus on problems arising from the authority, duties and resource allocation between local governments and central government. These problems will then address the problems that local governments have in their effective functioning. Lastly, the central government will provide solutions to the local administrations, especially tutelage control, to solve the problem sources that determine the area of influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Our aim in this study is to investigate the relation between disease stage and tumor localisation and pathological subtypes at diagnosis in gastric cancer patients. Material and Methods: Ninety patients who underwent surgery due to gastric cancer between January 2008 and October 2011 were retrospectively analysed. Pathological typing was performed according to the Lauren classification. The relation between disease stage and age, gender, tumor location and pathological subtype were investigated whether there is a statistically significance. Results: The mean age of patients' was 61.1 ± 13.5 (31-84). Of these 90 patients included into this study, 71 were male and 19 were female. Intestinal type disease was found in 49 patients and diffuse type was in 40. While patients whose disease localised in cardia and fundus were in older age group, antrum localisation was found to be associated with younger age group. However, no significant difference in age was found between two pathological subtype. Tumor localisation in cardia, fundus and corpus were predominantly associated with advanced stages, although the antrum localisation was found to be associated with stage IIIB or earlier stages. Intestinal type was observed in lower stages compared to diffuse type (p < 0.001). While intestinal type of cancer was mainly observed in antrum and corpus, both pathologic types were found at similar rates in cardia. Discussion: As a result, intestinal type of gastric cancer is detected at an earlier stage when compared to diffuse type. Tumors localised in the antrum were mostly intestinal type and were determined at earlier stages compared to proximal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A model was proposed for the utilisation of partially-relevant information in localising an inferential unit whose eigenvector selects a decision alternative in a dichotomy. It was hypothesised that (i) a decision D related to an input text would be affected by the partialy-relevant information given previously, (ii) the decision response for D would be faster in the presence of partially-relevant information than in its absence, (iii) in the presence of partially- relevant information, the decision response for D would be faster than that for its counterpart D\ (iv) the partially-relevant information and D would interact on response time. The subjects were presented a tape-recorded text with positive, negative, or no partially-relevant information prior to the input text, after which a question was asked to elicit the decision response. Response time was measured and recorded together with the response. The results supported hypotheses (i), (ii), and (iv). Implications regarding the model were discussed, and possible areas of its applicability were indicated.