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Purpose: The pediatric age group is a risk group for Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) due to insufficient subcutane-ous adipose tissue and underdeveloped thermoregulatory responses. We aimed to determine the frequency of IPH in the pediatric age group undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: The study is prospective observational. Pediatric patients (1-18 years old) who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were evaluated. The tympanic membrane temperature measurements of the patients (°C) were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0) and then every 15 minutes during the surgery. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated. The frequency of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia was detected as 13(13%). The frequency of IPH in elective surgery patients was higher than in emergency surgery (

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the procedure durations, the number of attempts and first attempt success rates in radial artery(RA) cannulations performed before and after anaesthesia induction. Secondarily, anaesthesia-related determinants of success were to be identified. Materials and Methods: This study included 73 adult patients. All cannulations were with traditional palpation technique. Ultrasonography was used for arterial diameter/depth measurements. Cannulation time(s), number of attempts and first attempt success/failure were recorded. Results: A total of 91 cannulations was performed. Median cannulation times were 30s (min-max:17-378) and 37s (min-max:10-217); first attempt success rates were %87.5 and %87.8 in preinduction and postinduction groups, respectively.. Local anaesthetic infiltration increased RA depth but did not affect RA height and width. Body mass index(BMI) and presence of atherosclerotic heart disease(ASHD) and/or peripheral vascular disease(PVD) were found as independent predictors of cannulation time. Conclusion: RA cannulation success was unaffected by anaesthesia induction.

Amaç:Diş hekimliğinde genel anestezi uygulamaları giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Genel anestezi altında dental tedavi planlanan hasta grubunda anesteziye ait riskler ciddi anlamda sorgulanmalıdır. Çalışmamızda hastanemiz ameliyathanesinde genel anestezi ve sedasyon ile opere edilen olguların klinik ve demografik verileri değerlendirilerek literatür eşliğinde tartışılması amaçlanmıştırGereç ve Yöntem:2014 nisan-2016 nisan tarihleri arasında tedavi olmuş 3380 vakanın dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hasta dosyalarından elde edilen demografik veriler, ASA Skorları, hastaların yatış süreleri, anestezinin türü, anestezi süresi, oluşan komplikasyonlar, kullanılan anestezik ajanlar ve analgezikler, sendromlu hastalar ve istenilen konsültasyonlar değerlendirildiBulgular:3380 vakanın %55’i kadın, %45’i erkek olup yaş ortalaması 11,23±12,09 idi. ASA skorlarına göre dağılımı %84.4 ASA I, %15.2 ASA II, %0.4 ASA III şeklindeydi. 3085 hastada işlem günübirlik cerrahi prosedürü ile gerçekleştirilirken, 276 hastada yatarak tedavi edildi. Hastalardan istenen konsültasyonlar en fazla pediatri ve nöroloji kliniklerine aitti. En sık görülen postoperatif komplikasyon bradikardi olurken, en az komplikasyon ise zor entübasyon oldu. En sık komorbidite sebepleri: mental retardasyon, konjenital kalp hastalığı ve epilepsi idi. Sonuç:Özellikle pediatrik yaş grubunda genetik sendromların sıklığı, mental retardasyon, eşlik eden kardiyak ve solunumsal problemleri nedeniyle anestezi yöntemi ayrıca önemlidir. Anesteziye bağlı oluşabilecek mortalite ve morbiditenin önüne geçmek için önlemler alınmalıdır. Hayati riskler ekarte edilmeye çalışılmalıdır.

Aim: When N2Ois used for general anaesthesia, it diffuses into the air-filled endotracheal cuff causing the cuff pressure to rise by over inflating the cuff, which results in tracheal damage. This study aimed to estimate changes in the endotracheal-cuff pressure with time during oxygen-air- and oxygen-N2O -induced anaesthesia and to determine its sore throat and hoarseness incidence. Methods: Fifty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-2, aged 18-60 years were icluded to our study. Orotracheal intubation was performed using polyvinyl chloride high volume-low pressure endotracheal tubes. The AIR group 40% O2/60% air and N2O group 40% O2/60% N2O was used. The endotracheal cuff pressure at 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes immediately after intubation and at 10-minute intervals were recorded. When the cuff pressure reached 45 cm H2O, was attenuated to 25-30-cm H2O. At the post operative first and the 24th hour, the patients were queried for sore throat and hoarseness. Results: The N2O -group cuff pressure rose from the fifth minute onwards. Also, the N2O group had a higher incidence of sore throat and hoarseness. Conclusion: N2O results in elevated cuff pressure and tracheal morbidities. Cuff-pressure should be routinely monitored during anaesthesia using N2O.

Objective: In this study, the effect of the anaesthesia method on preoperative anxiety in parturients scheduled to undergo elective caesarean surgery was investigated. Methods: After Dicle University Ethics Committee approval, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) II parturients, aged between 18 and 45 years, were included in this study from 2011 to 2012 at the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology. The parturients were divided into two groups, with 50 patients in each group: general anaesthesia (GA) and spinal anaesthesia (SA). Patients were evaluated during the preoperative visit. Demographic data and STAI TX-1 form to measure preoperative anxiety were recorded. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in maternal age, gestational age, level of education and number of children (p>0.05). The average anxiety score was significantly higher in the SA group than in the GA group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, spinal anaesthesia is associated with a higher preoperative anxiety level than general anaesthesia in obstetric patients. Therefore, it is necessary to take prevention against preoperative anxiety for the patients undergoing caesarean section surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficult airway is defined as having the patient's mask ventilation or difficult tracheal intubation of an experienced anaesthesiologist. A number of reasons, such as congenital or acquired anatomical anomalies, can cause difficult intubation and difficult ventilation. Keeping all equipment ready for airway management of patients will reduce mortality and complications. In this case, it is intended that the submission of difficult airway management who encountered in mandibular reconstruction for mandible bone defect repairing with reconstruction plates before at the field conditions in Somalia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Most dental procedures can be performed with local anaesthesia, however noncompliant paediatric patients, patients with mental retardation or psychiatric disorders, severe anxiety, severe craniofacial anomalies and orofacial trauma may need general anaesthesia. In these patients accompanying central nervous system diseases and airway problems increase the risk of complications. Anaesthesia records of 467 cases of dental surgery performed under general anaesthesia between 2011-2014 is reported with information from the recent literature. Methods: In the study, 467 cases of dental procedures performed under general anaesthesia were taken from the İnönü University of Medicine, Dentistry Disabled Treatment Centre, after approval of the İnönü University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee. Demographic data, ASA classification, Mallampati (MP) score, duration of surgery, type of intubation and difficulties, comorbid diseases, premedication application, endocarditis prophylaxis, recovery time, analgesia and reasons for general anaesthesia were recorded as mean±standard deviation (SD) or as a number. Results: The mean age of the patients was 16.78±12 years and the female/male ratio was 277/190 (59.3%/40.7%). Of the 467 patients, 219 (46.9%) were classified as ASA I, 234 (50.1%) as ASA II and 14 (3%) as ASA III. Furthermore, 182 (38.9%) patients with mental retardation, 33 (7.1%) with cerebral palsy and 28 (6%) with autism were identified. The mean operative time was 114.53±35.4 min, and the average recovery time 40.4±6 was min. Of the endotracheal intubations 277 (59.3%) were oral, 82 (17.6%) were nasal, and 108 (23.1%) were nasal with the help of fibreoptics. Difficult intubation was observed in 20 (4.3%) patients. The MP score was 1 in 397 (85%) patients, 2 in 50 (10.7%) patients, 3 in 18 (3.9%) patients and 4 in 2 (0.4%) patients. General anaesthesia was applied because of cooperation difficulties in 213 (45.6%), mental retardation in 182 (38.9%), autism in 28 (5.9%), schizophrenia in 7 (1.7%) and jaw surgery in 37 (7.9%) patients. Local infiltration was used for analgesia in 141 (30.2%), morphine in 12 (2.6%), tramadol in 3 (0.6%) and paracetamol in 311 (66.6%) patients. Endocarditis prophylaxis was employed in 36 (7.7%) cases. Conclusion: General anaesthesia in dental procedures is becoming increasingly common. Anaesthetic management is important due to the frequency of genetic syndromes and mental retardation. In the anaesthetic management of these patients, strategies for the patient should be identified, the process should be implemented in the operating room and preparations should be made with risk analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compartment syndrome of the extremities is a rare but potentially devastating condition. Anaesthetic and analgesic drugs used in the perioperative period may cause a delayed diagnosis by preventing the symptoms from appearing, and irreversible complications can occur. In this report, a case of compartment syndrome secondary to vascular access and its treatment in a morbidly obese patient who underwent abdominoplasty was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The technique of anaesthesia in caesarean sections is selected according to the patient's clinical presentation, experience of the anaesthesist and the patient's wishes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anaesthesia methods employed in our clinic in the last decade (2003-2012). Methods: Records of caesarean operations performed between 2003-2012 in the Anaesthesia department of Atatürk University Medical Faculty and stored in the hospital computer system were examined. The annual distribution of methods of anaesthesia in operations was analysed. Results: During 2003-2012, 9049 caesarean operations were performed in our clinic. General anaesthesia was used in 45% of operations and regional anaesthesia in 54%. Whereas the rate of regional anaesthesia in 2003 was 34%, this increased to 69% in 2012. The most commonly used method of regional anaesthesia was spinal anaesthesia (34%) in 2003, and spinal anaesthesia (41%) and combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (27%) in 2012. Conclusion: The most commonly used anaesthesia technique for caesarean operations in our clinic between 2003-2012 was spinal anaesthesia. The most widely used regional anaesthetic method in our clinic was spinal anaesthesia. A significant increase in the use of the combined spinal-epidural anaesthetic technique occurred in the last two years of the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are used successfully and safely in anaesthetic practice, and have undergone rapid development, with many different models having been produced. We compare Proseal LMA (PLMA), Supreme LMA (SLMA) and Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (CPLA) in terms of placement characteristics, leak pressure, haemodynamic data and post-operative side effects. Methods: A total of 150 adult patients scheduled for varices or one-sided inguinal hernia surgery were included in the study. Depending on the airway device used in surgery, the patients were divided into three different groups: PLMA Group (Group P), SLMA Group (Group S) and CPLA Group (Group P). Standard anaesthesia induction and maintenance was applied to all groups. In each one of the three groups, success in supraglottic airway (SGA) device placement, time needed for placement, placement complications, intra-operative haemodynamic data, percentage of air leak, peak pressure (Ppeak), mean pressure (Pmean), leak pressure values and side effects were recorded. Results: The time to successfull placement for PLMA, SLMA and CPLA was 20.4±4.2 sec, 17.6±4.3 sec and 19.6±3.4 sec respectively. The placement time for SLMA was significantly shorter. Leak pressure was 31.2±2.4 cmH2O for Group P, 27.5±4.4 cmH2O for Group S and 30.7±2.2 cmH2O for Group C. The leak pressure values measured for Group P and Group C were higher than those in Group S. Side effects were observed more frequently in Group C during the post-operative period. Conclusion: All LMA devices provide sufficient airway clearance. With regards to the brevity of placement time, Supreme LMA was more efficient. However, as they had a higher leak pressure, we recommend CPLA and PLMA for surgeries that require high pressure ventilation. In addition, it is important to note that post-operative complications were observed more frequently with the CPLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to compare effects of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on the immune system via serum cytokines interleukine 2 (IL-2), interleukine 4 (IL4), interleukine 6 (IL-6) in urologic cancer patients. Methods: Forty-four, ASA physical status I-II patient, who were scheduled for urooncologic surgery with spinal or general anesthesia enrolled to the study. Demographic parameters, heart rate and mean blood pressure values were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken at preoperative period and postoperatively 6th hours to determine IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 levels. Results: There was no statistical significance between groups among heart rate and mean blood pressure values. There were no significant difference in preoperative IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and postoperative IL-2, IL-4 levels between groups, however postoperative IL-6 levels were significantly increased in general anesthesia group compared with spinal anesthesia group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Preferred anesthetic method might influence inflammatory response in addition to surgery in cancer patients undergoing urooncologial surgery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, dental interventions are performed under local anaesthesia as well as general anaesthesia or sedation when indicated. Parallel to progress in anaesthesia practice, general anaesthesia is commonly used in dental practice. Therefore, it has become widespread to constitute accordingly the physical conditions of dental centers, selection of general anaesthesia patients and determination of prerequisites in general anaesthesia. In this review, we aimed to discuss the history of general anaesthesia, preanaesthesia evaluation, premedication, anaesthesia procedure, and postanaesthesia recovery in dental practice in the light of the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achondroplasia is a disease characterized with short stature and extremities, spinal and craniofascial abnormalities. Problems during general or regional anaesthesia may arise due to apnea, restricted neck extension and spinal abnormalities. Here we present our anaesthesia experience in a pediatric patient with achondroplasia who underwent Ilizarov operation for lower limb lengthening [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome presenting with mental retardation and physical abnormalities, including broad thumbs, big and broad toes, short stature and craniofacial anomalies. Special attention was paid to the possibilities of difficult airway, aspiration pneumonia and cardiovascular dysfunction during anaesthesia. Micrognathia, retrognathia, broad nasal bridge, abnormally large or 'beak-shaped' nose, hypoplastic maxilla and small mouth-typical dysmorphic facial features are one of the biggest causes of the difficult airway in this syndrome. Approximately one-third of the affected individuals have a variety of congenital heart diseases. Recurrent respiratory infections are likely to be the result of microaspiration or gastro-oesophageal reflux in this syndrome. In this case report, we discussed the anaesthesia management of a child with RTS who underwent right endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West syndrome (WS) is an epileptic encephalopathy usually occurring during the first year of life and is characterized by severe electroencephalography (EEG) derangement. Most of these patients may develop cerebral palsy, facial malformations, and skeletal deformities. The anaesthesiologist should make the preoperative assessment carefully due to epileptic seizures and should consider the possibility of difficult intubation because of coexisting anatomic malformations during the anaesthesia management of patients with WS. This report presents a case of general anaesthesia management in a left femoral fixation operation in an 11-year-old, 18 kg male patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficit of oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain aminoacids. It leads to a build-up of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and toxic metabolites in blood and urine, progressing to acute and chronic brain dysfunction. The first symptoms appear in early childhood and are characterized by sweet-smelling urine, with an odor similar to that of maple syrup. At birth, infants seem healthy, but if untreated, they may suffer from neurological deterioration, seizures, hypertonia, or ataxia. During stressful situations, such as infection or surgery, patients may experience severe ketoacidosis, rapid neurological deterioration, and hypoglycemia. We report the anaesthetic management in a child patient with MSUD, admitted for peritonal dialysis catheter insertion with general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a rare congenital syndrome that is connected to peroxisomal metabolic disorder. Punctate calcification disorder in epiphyseal cartilage, cataract in both eyes, hypertelorism, saddle-shaped nose, prominent forehead, high-arched palate, kyphoscoliosis, short humerus and femur, hip dislocation, progressive restriction of the joints, and mental retardation are seen. Our patient’s height, weight and head circumference were below the 3rd percentile. These patients undergo eye surgeries for cataract and glaucoma and eye examinations under general anaesthesia. Our patient had received nine times general anaesthesia previously. The most recent 45 days apart had surgery for glaucoma in both eyes and received two more times general anaesthesia. In this case we present our general anaesthesia procedures and the challenges we faced during general anaesthesia. These were difficulty in intubation and finding intravenous access. Close monitoring, uncomplicated anaesthesia and perioperative airway control in these patients are important for successful anaesthetic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a group of disorders with wide genetic and clinical heterogeneity. These disorders may lead to an increase in life-threatening complications related to surgery and anaesthesia. In this case, the anaesthetic management of a child with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]